Inf Turbinate
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Transcript of Inf Turbinate
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Anatomy
• Inferior Turbinate:– An inferior infolding of
the lateral nasal wall.– 60 mm in anterior to
posterior direction.– Forms an important
component of the nasal valve.
– Derived from the maxilloturbinal ridge.
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Anatomy
• Internal Nasal Valve– Boundaries include:
• Septum• Upper lateral cartilages• Anterior end of inf.
Turbinate– 1.3cm from nares– Accounts for 50% of
airway resistance– Inferior turbinate can
affect this area greatly
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Histology
• Three layers of Turbinates– Medial thin mucosa– Bone– Lateral thick mucosa
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Histology
• Mucosa– Pseudostratified columnar ciliated respiratory
epithelium– Goblet cells produce salts, glycoproteins,
polysaccharides, lysozymes.– Complex array of arteries, veins, and venous
sinusoids.
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Trotter et al
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Mustafa et al
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H House et al
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Mabry- inferior turbinoplasty
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• SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF INFERIORTURBINATE HYPERTROPHY IN THE OFFICE:THREE MUCOSAL SPARING TECHNIQUES• KELVIN C. LEE, MD, PETER H. HWANG, MD, TODD
T. KINGDOM, MD• From the Departments of Otolaryngology--Head
& Neck Surgery, NewYork University, New York, NY; Oregon Health Science University, Portland,OR; and Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
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RADIOFREQUENCY VOLUMETRIC TISSUEREDUCTION OF THE INFERIOR TURBINATES
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IONIZED FIELD ABLATION AND VOLUMEREDUCTION
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POWERED VOLUME REDUCTION
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Surgical Management
• Total inferior Turbinectomy– Benefits:• Most effective in terms of LONG TERM improvement of
airway• Ophir et al followed 186 patients for 10 years and
showed that 82% showed subjective improvement, 95% had widely patent airways
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Surgical Management
• Total Inferior Turbinectomy– Disadvantages –
• Postoperative hemorrhage rate of 5-8%• Nasal crusting, sometimes lasting for months, up to 15% at one
year, in a study by Mabry et al (40pts. followed for one year)• Synechiae 6-12% of the time• Atrophic rhinitis? Classic study by Moore shows rate of 66% in
group of 18 pts at 3-5 years. Six ENTs in Australia reported none in 17,000 cases. (Fry et al 1992)
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Surgical Management
• Partial Turbinectomy– Anterior portion, at
nasal valve, is resected.– Advantages
• Addresses nasal valve• Courtis showed 92%
satisfaction at >2 years– Disadvantages
• Similar to total, but less severe
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Surgical Management
• Submucous Resection– Advantages• Decreased risk of hemorrhage• Preserves mucociliary clearance and air conditioning
– Disadvantages• Technical difficulty• Tendency to relapse – 25% in a 1988 study by Mabry et
al
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Surgical Management
• Mucosal Lesion-Producing techniques:– Electrocautery,
Cryosurgery, Laser Surgery– Advantages
• Local Anesthesia, Easy, low hemorrhage risk
– Disadvantages• Extensive post-op crusting,
probable regrowth of lesions
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• Turbinate hypertrophy is one of the major causes of nasal obstruction. • Usually it is the inferior turbinate which often gets enlarged as a result of deflected nasal
septum, Allergic or Non allergic rhinitis, Rhinitis medicamentosa, oral medications like antihypertensive and oral contraceptives etc.
• While the symptoms of rhinorrhoea and sneezing often respond to medical treatment, nasal obstruction secondary to chronic hypertrophy doesn't.
• Many local procedure have been mentioned in the literature for the relief of perennial nasal obstruction due to hypertrophied inferior turbinate.
• These include intraturbinal steroid injection, electric cauterization cryosurgery, sub-mucosal diathermy, turbinate out-fracture, partial or total inferior turbinectomy and submucosal resection of conchal bone.
• Most of these procedures give temporary relief and if carried out too extensively or repeated too frequently result in fibrosis and altered physiology.
• Partial or total turbinectomy may offer complete relief from nasal obstruction but do carry a definite risk of profound physiological changes often resulting in mucosal atrophy and ozaena.