Industrialization Industrialization SpreadsSpreads

Chapter 9 Section 3Chapter 9 Section 3

Industrialization spreads to Industrialization spreads to the U.S.the U.S.

• U.S. had same resources that allowed U.S. had same resources that allowed Britain to industrialize:Britain to industrialize: WaterWater CoalCoal

Iron OreIron Ore Immigrant Immigrant WorkersWorkers

Textile IndustryTextile Industry

Textile IndustryTextile Industry

• first to industrializefirst to industrialize

• 1790 first factory in the U.S. is 1790 first factory in the U.S. is opened in Rhode Island (made opened in Rhode Island (made thread)thread)

Lowell FactoryLowell Factory 1813 1813

• Francis LowellFrancis Lowell mechanized every mechanized every step of cloth manufacturingstep of cloth manufacturing

• ● ● Opened Opened factory infactory in

MassachusettsMassachusetts

Lowell FactoryLowell Factory 1813 1813 • used young immigrant girls as used young immigrant girls as

laborlabor• • worked worked

12 hours a 12 hours a day 6 days a week day 6 days a week

Later Industrialization in Later Industrialization in the U.S.the U.S.

• Industrial Industrial Revolution Revolution takes off after takes off after the Civil War the Civil War 18651865

• Inventions sped up Inventions sped up the processthe process

• RailroadsRailroads: : companies companies could ship and sell could ship and sell their goods in other their goods in other parts of the countryparts of the country

Industrialization Reaches the Industrialization Reaches the Rest of EuropeRest of Europe

• Industrial Industrial Revolution was slow Revolution was slow to hit rest of Europeto hit rest of Europe

• Napoleon’s wars halted Napoleon’s wars halted trade, interrupted trade, interrupted communications communications between countries, between countries, caused inflation caused inflation (currency becomes less (currency becomes less valuable) valuable)

Beginnings in Beginnings in BelgiumBelgium

Beginnings in Beginnings in BelgiumBelgium• first European nation to adopt first European nation to adopt

Britain’s new technologyBritain’s new technology

• 1799 1799 William CockerillWilliam Cockerill (British carpenter) (British carpenter) smuggled plans to build smuggled plans to build spinning jennyspinning jenny into Belgium (turns cotton/wool into into Belgium (turns cotton/wool into thread)thread)

John CockerillJohn Cockerill• William’s ● builtWilliam’s ● built

son an son an industrial industrial

enterpriseenterprise in Belgiumin Belgium

made machinery, steam engines, and railway made machinery, steam engines, and railway locomotiveslocomotives

British workers pouredBritish workers poured

into to Belgiuminto to Belgium

GermanyGermany Industrializes Industrializes

Germany Germany IndustrializesIndustrializes • Germany was politically divided until late Germany was politically divided until late

1800’s1800’s

Industrialization was slowed:Industrialization was slowed:• political disunitypolitical disunity

• economic isolationeconomic isolation

● ● scattered resourcesscattered resources

Pockets of industrialization Pockets of industrialization (1830’s on)(1830’s on)

some German citizens sent their kids to Great Britain to learn engineering

Germany began to copy the British model

Germany built railroads to link its growing cities

Germany’s economic strength allowed it to become a

military and colonial superpower in the late 1800’s-early 1900’s

Expansion Throughout Expansion Throughout EuropeEurope

• Bohemia Bohemia developed developed spinning spinning industry’industry’

• SpainSpain processed cotton processed cotton

• Northern ItalyNorthern Italy mechanized mechanized textile production (making textile production (making clothes)clothes)

FranceFrance

FranceFrance• industrial growth industrial growth

occurred after 1850occurred after 1850

• French government French government built railroadsbuilt railroads

• railroads created a railroads created a national market national market for goods in for goods in FranceFrance

Other European nations Other European nations • industrialization did not occur at this industrialization did not occur at this

time (mid 1800’s)time (mid 1800’s)

• mountainous terrain disallowed railroads mountainous terrain disallowed railroads to be built to be built (Austria-Hungary)(Austria-Hungary)

• lack of waterways for lack of waterways for

transportation transportation (Spain)(Spain)

Worldwide Impact of Worldwide Impact of IndustrializationIndustrialization

Worldwide Impact of Worldwide Impact of IndustrializationIndustrialization

• Industrial Revolution shifted balance of Industrial Revolution shifted balance of power away from Africa, Asia, Latin power away from Africa, Asia, Latin America and towards EuropeAmerica and towards Europe

Rise of global inequalityRise of global inequality• Industrialization widened the Industrialization widened the gapgap

between Europe and Africa/Asia/Latin between Europe and Africa/Asia/Latin AmericaAmerica

Natural ResourcesNatural Resources• Europe colonized and stole natural Europe colonized and stole natural

resources/raw materials from its resources/raw materials from its colonies in Africa/Asia/Latin Americacolonies in Africa/Asia/Latin America

Finished ProductsFinished Products• Europe forced their colonies to buy the Europe forced their colonies to buy the

finished products made with their raw finished products made with their raw materials!materials!

Britain led the way in Britain led the way in colonizationcolonization

• America, Russia, Germany, France, America, Russia, Germany, France, Belgium, The Netherlands, Japan Belgium, The Netherlands, Japan soon followed in taking coloniessoon followed in taking colonies

Industrialism Leads to Industrialism Leads to ImperialismImperialism• ImperialismImperialism= one country ruling = one country ruling

over many other smaller countriesover many other smaller countries

Imperialism in AsiaImperialism in Asia by by 19141914

Imperialism in AfricaImperialism in Africa by by 19141914

Imperialism in Africa Imperialism in Africa 19141914

• By 1914 (start of World War I) By 1914 (start of World War I) Ethiopia Ethiopia is the only independent is the only independent nation left in Africa!nation left in Africa!

• African/Asian economies were still African/Asian economies were still based in agriculture and small based in agriculture and small workshopsworkshops

This was why Africa/Asia industrialized This was why Africa/Asia industrialized slower slower than Europethan Europe