Industrialization

Big IndustriesBlack Gold – Importance?

Edwin Drake & OilKerosene vs. Gasoline

Steel – Importance?Bessemer ProcessIron vs. Steel

Transcontinental Railroad

Central Pacific and Union Pacific worked to complete project

May 10, 1869 marks completion of 1st transcontinental railroad in Utah

(10 year process)

Many Immigrants from Ireland, China and war veterans worked the railways

Creation of times zones

Effects of RailroadsRailroads brought opportunity to many

Steel, Coal, Iron, Lumber, Glass IndustriesTowns FlourishedCredit Mobilier Company & Scandal

Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) created to monitor railroad activities and set rates

Not truly effective until under Teddy Roosevelt

Robber BaronsJohn Rockefeller

Founded Standard Oil Co.

Account for 90% of US Oil

Implemented ruthless business tactics

Pay workers low

Once gaining control of market, hike prices high

Created a Monopoly

Wealthiest man in US history

Andrew CarnegieBegan in RR, left & formed Carnegie Steel Co.

Develop many new business strategies like Horizontal & Vertical integration

Both are examples of Social Darwinism

Railways lead to New Business Strategies (Textbook pg. 448)

Vertical Integration Horizontal Integration

Buy out suppliers of competition

Buy up competition

Raw Materials Similar Products Merge

Trusts Corporations

What is chart showing?

Social Darwinism & Laissez Faire

“Social Darwinism”Based on Darwin’s theory of evolution“Natural Selection” or “Survival of the Fittest”

Laissez Faire“Hands Off” economyNo Government Involvement

Labor & Unions Relationships

1. Who generally worked in the factory?

2. What conditions did many factory workers face in the late 19th century?

3. What did labor unions advocate? Be Specific

4. What different types of labor unions were emerging during the nation’s industrial boom?

5. What were some of the methods used by unions in order to achieve their goals?

Multiple Unions

Name of Union Leader Tactics Achievements

Public reaction to the strikes?

Great Strike of 18772 month long RR strikeFederal troops had to intervene

Haymarket Affair - 18867 police officers killed, several workers died after bomb was tossed at policeEffect: Public begins to turn against strikes.

Sources: library of congres, getty images

Homestead Strike

1. Strike @ Carnegie Steel in PA

2. Plant operator hired “scabs” to replace workers

3. PA National Guard needed to restore order3 guards and 9 workers dead

4. Strike lasted from July-Nov., but lost most of effectiveness due to replacement workers.