INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT AT

CAPARO MARUTI LTD. BAWAL ROAD (HARYANA)

Submitted in Partial Fulfillment for award of Degree of

Bachelor of Technology

In

Automobile Engineering

From

Rao Pahlad Singh College Of Engg. &Tech.

Submitted By

Hemant Kaushik

09Me31

In Department of Mechanical Engineering

Rao Pahlad Singh College Of Engg. &Tech.Balana, Satnali Road,

Mohindergarh

20/06/2011-20/07/2011

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Acknowledgement

Student Declaration

Preface

Certificate

Chapter 1: Introduction To Organization

1.1: Introduction

1.2: Location

1.3: Organization Structure

1.4: Plant Structure

1.5: Achievements & Awards

1.6: Objectives

1.7: Departments:

(i) Engineering Department

(ii) Development Section

(iii) Welding Department

(iv) Quality Section

Chapter 2: Training Given

Chapter 3: Result & Discussion

Chapter 4: Conclusion

References

                              ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

 25

 I / We are highly grateful to the Adv. O.P Yadav (Director) and Dr.D.C Upadhyay

(Principal), Rao Pahlad Singh College Of Engg. &Tech.&Mgt. (R.P.S.C.E.T.) for providing this opportunity to carry out the training work.

 The constant guidance and encouragement received from “MR.Rajender Singh” from

the Department of (Mechanical), R.P.SC.E.T Mohindergarh has been of great help in

carrying our training work and is acknowledged with reverential thanks.

I / We would like to express a deep sense of gratitude and thanks to HOD (Mr.Rajender

Sing) who helped in the training work. Without the wise counsel and able guidance, it

would have been quite difficult to complete the training work in this manner.

I / We would like to express a deep sense of gratitude and thanks to TRAINING

COORDINATOR (Er Neeraj Sharma) who helped in the traning work.

 We express gratitude to other faculty members of the Department of (Mechanical),

R.P.S.C.E.T for their intellectual support throughout the course of this work.

 

  NAME & SIGNATURE OF STUDENT

1.

STUDENT'S DECLARATION

 

 

I hereby certify that the work which is being done in the training entitled “PRESS SHOPE” by “Hemant Kaushik” as per course requirement of B.Tech. (MECH.) submitted in the Department

of (Branch) Rao Pahlad Singh College Of Engg. &Tech.&Mgt.under MD

UNIVERSITY, ROHATAK is record of my/our own work carried out during a period from __20 june____ to _20 july______under the supervision of “Neeraj Sharma”. The matter presented in this project has not been submitted by me/us in any other Institute for the award of B.Tech Degree.

 

Signature of the Students

1.

  Name and Signature of the SUPERVISOR (S)

 

 

 

Signature of H.O.D.

PREFACE

 

Working in an industry provides us a practical approach to our theoretical basis of knowledge acquired in our classroom. It has been a great pleasure, training at Caparo Maruti Ltd., Bawal, basically a sheet metal industry which helped me boost up my practical skills correlating the theories of book into actual work environment.

The following implant training report presents all my observations, analysis made during my training period of 5 (five) weeks. The report concerns mainly with the production and quality department where I have been deputed in the training.

The information data furnished in the context are on the basis of my information collected through interaction with the Engineers, Technocrats, Technicians, and Workers working in the firm. I have tried to include a few typical readings for some sections as an example to give a basic idea of the operation.

Despite taking every effort to produce an error free report, I apologize for any mistakes evident in the context on my part.

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that that the work embodied in this thesis entitled “design and manufacturing of Hook tie down” submitted by Mr.Hemant KaushikRoll. No.09 ME 31 ,for the partial fulfillment for the award of degree B.Tech. In Mechanical Engineering, MD University, Rohatak. Hemant Kaushik a bonafied student of Rao Pahlad Singh College Of Engineering & Technology, has completed this work successfully.

CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATION

1.1 INTRODUCTION

CAPARO MARUTI . Is a premier industry setup in Bawal, Haryana dedicated for the production and designing of various sheet metal parts and components associated with automobiles. It has been a vendor MARUTI INDIA PVT.LTD. It is a multi-disciplinary and multi-dimensional organization dedicated for the production of number of components

It is one of the sister company out of group of companies. It is serving several of its clients. Large number of components ranging from simple to highly sophisticated ones, have been designed and developed by the company and their know-how’s have been passed on to the various of its clients.

Over a period of time, CAPARO has acquired state-of-art expertise in designing components for different applications associated with automobile industry. Keeping pace with emerging trendsCAPARO has developed various components using state of the art technologies.

It’s an ISO / TS 16949 : 2002 Certified company. It performs all of its operations under the norms as laid by the International Standardization Organization, keeping in view the well being of its employees and workers at every level.

It is spread over an area total of 11406 Sq. Yards and th covering area is being 65196 Sq. Ft. .

1.2 LOCATION

It is located in Bawal, the industrial city of Haryana state. Plot no. 85 to 102,sec.-7,HSIIDC Industrial Growth Centre , Bawal, Distt. Rewari (Haryana) INDIA 123501One of the great advantages for the location is being that it is situated very near to the Gurgaon.

An Overview of CAPARO MARUTI LTD.

                                           Fig 1.1 CAPARO MARUTI LTD.

1.3 ORGANISATION STRUCTURE

CAPARO MARUTI LIMITED

Plot no. 85 to 102,sec.-7,HSIIDC Industrial Growth Centre , Bawal, Distt. Rewari (Haryana) INDIA 123501

* ORGANISATION STRUCTURE

Mr. K.L. SharmaDirector-Technical &

Development9810008496

Dr. K.K. SharmaDirector - Production

9810054109

Mr. G.S. SharmaDirector – Accounts &

Finanace9818460542

General Manager

(Tool Room)Madan Sharma

9810283831

Manager(Quality

Assurance)B.S.Verma

9213769136

Manager(Productio

n)Parkash

Manager(Despatch)

Roop Chand

Manager(Accounts)Chanchal

Manchanda

Manager(Personal)Virender

Singh Rawat

MR. B.S. SHARMAManaging Director

0129-2284160

CAPARO MARUTI LIMITED

Plot no. 85 to 102,sec.-7,HSIIDC Industrial Growth Centre, Bawal, Distt. Rewari (Haryana) INDIA

G.M. (Tool Room)

Madan Sharma

Sr. Engineer (Tool-

Design)Partap Singh

Engineer (Tool-

Design)Naresh Kumar

Sr. Engineer (Manufacturin

g)Shrinand

Engineer (Devlopment

)Shailender

Engineer (Production

)Jitender Kumar

Engineer (Part

Inspection)Dinesh Kumar

1.4 PLANT STRUCTURE

i. Total Area :- 11406 Sq. Yardsii. Covered Area: - 65196 Sq. Ft.

Power Back-Up Facility

i. Gen Set :- 500 KVAii. Gen Set :- 162 KVA

Plant Spare Capacity

50% Spare Capacity

1.5 ACHIEVEMENTS & AWARDS

Best vendor award from MUL (Maruti Udyog Ltd.)

Udyog Ratna Award

Maintaining ZERO DEFECT Products for GMI ; AVTEC ; M & M since Last 3 Years

Delivering Products ON TIME – EVERY TIME for all Customers.

1.6 OBJECTIVE

Aims at producing professionals endowed with technical competence andleadership qualities.

To infuse thorough knowledge and impart industry -oriented practical training to make the students a breed apart.

To inculcate a sense of discipline and responsibility coupled with logical thinking, so that they are an asset for their employers.

To instill a high level of self-confidence to make them successful in all walks of life including entrepreneurship.

To emphasize their all round development, by ensuring participation in cultural activities, group discussions, social get-togethers, sports, etc.

To imbibe a quality that makes them better citizens.

To create professional competence.

1.7 DEPARTMENTS

(i)  Engineering Department

(ii)  Welding Departmen

(iii) Quality Section

(i) ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

INTRODUCTION

1. Engineering department deals with development of the fore coming parts of Maruti.

2. Generally, majority of the parts are from MUL, Ggn. Parts are prepared and there trial is taken. This department also deals with costing of sheet metal parts, in which quotation are prepared in order to submit to the customers and vendors

(ii) WELDING DPARTMENT

Resistance Welding is a welding process, in which work pieces are welded due to a combination of a pressure applied to them and a localized heat generated by a high electric current flowing through the contact area of the weld.

(a) Spot Welding (RSW)

• Spot Welding is a Resistance Welding (RW) process, in which two or more overlapped metal sheets are joined by spot welds.The method uses pointed copper electrodes providing passage of electric current. The electrodes also transmitt pressure required for formation of strong weld.Diameter of the weld spot is in the range 1/8” - 1/2” (3 - 12 mm).Spot welding is widely used in automotive industry for joining vehicle body parts.

Fig 1.2: Spot Welding

(b) Resistance Butt Welding

• Resistance Butt Welding is a Resistance Welding (RW) process, in which ends of wires or rods are held under a pressure and heated by an electric current passing through the contact area and producing a weld.

Fig 1.3: Butt Welding

Butt welding is used for welding small parts. The process is highly productive and clean. In contrast to Flash Welding, Butt Welding provides joining with no loss of the welded materials.

(iii) QUALITY CONTROL SECTION

As the name suggests this section houses all sorts of tools and measuring instruments like vernier calipers, vernier height gauge, slip gauges, surface plates, radius gauges, inside/outside micrometers, depth gauges and hardness testing machines, torque wrench testing machine etc. for checking the components purchased from the vendors from outside the firm before being stored into the store lying adjacent to this section.

This section monitors whether the components supplied by the allied vendor party covers the quality specifications of the company or not and according takes corrective action as and when required. It also keeps a track record of the stock of components inside the store.

Being an ISO certified company; the firm is deeply concerned with managing of quality of the purchased components which ultimately affect the quality of its final product.

The Quality Policy of the company can be quoted as:

Producing world class tractors in quality and reliability Total customer satisfaction through services Creating a culture among all employed toward total quality concepts Constant up gradation of technology and human excellence

After so many accomplishments, the company is still striving hard to expand its capabilities and setting up new establishments and manufacturing units in different parts of the country. Some of the manufacturing units are under construction and soon will be ready to work. It has signed MOU’s with several international firms to match up with the latest trends in the automobile industry, the fastest growing industry of its kind in the current scenario.

CHAPTER-2

TRAINING GIVEN

2.1 MANUFACTURING OF PARTS

For the manufacturing of the parts first of all the Overview Of The plant is given.

Different operations are performed during the manufacturing of the different

parts. The operations performed during the manufacturing of different parts the

following processes are involved

(1) Press Shop

(2) Welding Shop

(3) Quality Section

2.1.1 Press Shop:

During the press shop firstly the sheet of Aluminum passes through the different

presses and performed different operations on it. The different presses & different

operations which are performed on the sheet are:

The different kind of presses used in the press shop is:

Type Of Press No. Of.

(1) 800 Tones 1

(2) 400 Tones 3

Table 2.1

The various operations are performed on the sheet during the press shop are

(1) Drawing

(2) Trimming

(3) Restrike

(4) Piercing/ Punching

During the drawing the sheet can be passed through the press of 800 Tones & the

specific shape of the given part provided to the sheet and during trimming the

extra part of the sheet which is not in work can be trim by the press and the extra

part can be thrown into the scrap. During the process of restriking the die can be

strike on the part again so that it can acquire the exact shape of the part & during

the process of punching the different holes can be drawn on the part according to

the shape. Press contains different parts such as:

(1) Cushion Bed

(2) M.B.

(3) Lower Die

(4) Upper Die

The inner parts of a press which help to support the die are:

(1) Damping Unit

(2) Piston

(3) Air Cylinder

(4) Lubrication System

The parts are shifted from one press to another by the loader & unloader.

The transfer belt is used to transfer the part from first press to another.

The different parts of press are:

(i) Cushion Bed:

(ii) M.B.:

Fig 2.1: Cushion Bed & M.B.

(iii) Lower Die:

Fig 2.2: Lower Die

(iv) Upper Die:

Fig 2.3: Upper Die

The different internal parts of the press are:

(i) DampingUnit:

 Fig 2.4: Damping Unit

(ii) Piston:

Fig 2.5: Piston Cylinder

(iii) Air Cylinder:

Fig 2.6: Air Cylinder

(iv) Lubrication System:

Fig 2.7: Lubrication System

Loader & Unloader:

Fig 2.8: Loader & Unloader

Transfer Belt:

Fig 2.9: Transfer Belt

2.1.2 Welding Section :

Spot welding can be done on the parts for the joining of different small parts on the main part. For example studs are attached to the different parts with the help of spot welding. Spot welding mainly of two types

(i) Integrated Transformer Gun(ii) Non-Integrated Transfer Gun

These are the two methods mainly used for the spot welding.

Integrated transformer gun means a gun which is used for the spot welding contains the transformer inside the gun. There is no outside transformer placed for the working of the gun.

On the other hand Non Integrated Transformer gun can be used for the spot welding of the parts contain a transformer side from the gun.

(i) Integrated Transformer Gun :

Fig 2.10: I.T. Gun

(ii) Non Integrated Transformer Gun :

Fig 2.11: Non I.T. Gun

These are the two guns which are used for the welding purpose of the parts manufactured.

2.1.3 Quality Section:

In the quality section the part manufactured can be checked out completely. In quality section these things can be checked out in the part:(i) Overlapping(ii) Wrinkle(iii) Deformation(iv) Crack(v) Dent(vi) Material Strength

These are different facts that can be checked out in quality section which are necessary to be checked out for the strength and accuracy of the part.

1.1 Manufactured Parts :

(i) Dash Waganor(ii) Dash Versa(iii) Wheel Housing(iv) Chessy(v) Quarter Inner Lower(vi) Frame Floor(vii) Door Hinge

1.2 Manufacturing Process :

For the manufacturing of the above discussed parts a part is to be followed by the different operations. Firstly, a part is to be moved from the press shop where the drawing, trimming, restrike & piercing/punching can be & the shape can be provided to the sheet of the given specific die & then it can be send to the welding section where the spot welding of the manufactured part can be done & different studs, nut & bolt can be attached to the part according to the specification of the part.

Manufacturing Process In Press Shop:

In press shop first of all a sheet of aluminum can be taken then it can be placed in the different dies where different operations can be done on it.

DRAWING: Firstly, the process of draw can be done where the given specific shape can be applied on the sheet by placing it on the die of that specific shape. The die can be placed on M.B. in which cushion pins can be put according to the shape these cushion pins pull up the die & a upper die is attached to upper M.B. with the help of studs. For the manufacturing of part first of all power is put on and then pressure is applied to upper die by the air cylinder situated at the top of press and with the pressure the upper die moves towards down and hit on the lower die. When the upper die strikes on the lower die the sheet present on the lower die attain the shape of the die. The lower die does not move towards down because of cushion pin which support the die. The cushion plays an important role during the manufacturing of the parts because it support the die if any cushion is placed in a wrong way inside the M.B. then it will damage the die so it is necessary to place the cushion pins inside the M.B. correctly. The M.B. is placed on the cushion bed which helps to absorb the damps which produced when the upper die strikes on the lower with a pressure of 800 Tones. During the drawing the specific shape can be applied to the sheet. According the part the can be loaded on the M.B. and the placed on the cushion bed and then the process of manufacturing starts. Loader takes the sheet from the shelf where it can be provided by the workers. The loader picks the sheet and placed it on the die. Then the operation of draw is started and the shape of the die can be applied on the sheet. There is a big importance of angle of stroke during the press

operations. The accuracy of the part depends upon the stroke of press, commonly the stroke is 180*(Degree). Lubrication system also plays an important role during the operation of press because without lubrication it can’t be easier to drive such kind of heavy press so it is necessary that lubricating pump should work properly.

 

Fig 2.12: Drawing Operations

TRIMMING : Trimming is a operation in press shop in which after the process of drawing the remaining part which is useless on behalf of the structure of part is to cut by this press. In trimming the upper die contains blade on the edges of it and when it strike on the lower die where the part with extra useless part is placed is to be trimmed. So trimming is a necessary operation on behalf of the structure of the part. This press is of 400 Tones and strikes on the lower die which is placed on the M.B. and supported by the cushion pins which are necessary to hold the die during the striking operation. If any of the cushion pin put in wrong way inside the M.B. then it will damage the die & sometimes die will breakdown due the pressure of the press and cant be able to absorb the vibrations produced by the cushion bed and as a result the die will damage so it is necessary to placed the cushion pins correctly according to the drawing of the part. During trimming it is necessary to take care of angle of stroke and the lubrication system because it is necessary for the accurate working of the press. The press contains a air cylinder on the top of the press in these cylinder air is to be compressed and it helps in the stroke of the press so there are so many things which can be checked during the working of press.

 

Fig 2.12: Trimming Operation

So trimming is a operation in which the remaining portion of the part which is not useful is to be removed by the cutting operations

RESTRIKING: Restriking is a operation in which after the trimming operation the part is taken by the unloader and put it on the transfer belt which takes it up to the another press from where the unloader takes the part and put it on the press where the die of same kind is already placed and the part is placed on the die and then operation of restrike done again. In the operation of restrike the upper die is again strike on the part which is placed on the lower die. The lower die is placed on the M.B. and the operation of restrike can be done because during the operation of drawing some design can be missed and during the restriking operation these designs can be made on the part so restriking operation is the important operation on behalf of the design of the manufacturing of part because the accuracy of the part depends upon the operation. During this operation the stroke of press can be take care so that the complete process of the designing of part can be completed with complete accuracy because the accuracy of the part is necessary because the complete design of the car can be based on the accuracy of that part. So restriking operation can be done on the part after the trimming operation so that the complete design can be made on the part. In this process again the cushion pin plays important role on the die because the cushion pins support the die to absorb the damps which are produced by the striking of upper die on the lower die and the die press is of 400 Tones which is used for the restriking operation.

The part on which the restriking operation an be done:

Fig 2.13: Restriking Operation

So restriking operation is done for the accurate design of the part by restrike the press on the part placed at the die.

PUNCHING/PIERCING: Punching is operation in which the punch can be made on the part for the complete accuracy of it. During the punching the punches can be made on the part because punches can be necessary according to the construction and working of it, because without punches a part cant be fit into the car, so the punches are necessary according to the constructional accuracy of it. After the operation of restrike the unloader picks the part from the press and put it on the transfer belt which transfer it up to the another press where the punching operation can be done. The loader takes the part from the belt and put it on the die which is placed at the M.B. the upper part of the M.B. contains a die on it with the punches so that when it strike on the lower die the punches can be made on the part according to the construction of the die. So the punching operation is necessary according to the construction of the part. The press works fully automatically and the different parts of the press such as loader- unloader, transfer belt works automatically and plays an important role for the construction of the part during the all operations of the press. The lubricating system is also necessary for the accurate working of the press because without the complete and accurate lubrication it can’t be possible to drive such kind of heavier press. The punching operation is the last operation that can be done in the press shop and the die used for the punching operation is of 400 Tones and upper die strike on the lower die with the pressure of 400 Tones and this pressure can be maintained by the air cylinders which are placed at the top of the press.

The part which is to be punched is complete in its construction and then sends it to the quality check department for checking the accuracy and the defects producing during the press shop operations. The part manufactured after the press shop operation is:

 Fig 2.14: Complete Structure Of the Part

So during the Press Shop Department the four operations can be done

(i) Drawing(ii) Trimming(iii) Restrike(iv) Punching/Piercing

After these four operations the part is completely ready according the construction and shape of it. These four operations can be done on the dies of different loads the die used for the Drawing Operation is of 800 Tones and the presses used for the remaining three operations are of 400 Tones.

WELDING OPERATION: After the press shop operation the part is ready for adding the different nut and bolts to be attached on it o the part is sends to the welding section where the spot welding can done on it. The Spot Welding can be done on it with two different kind of welding:

(i) I.T. Gun Spot Welding(ii) Non-I.T. Gun Spot Welding

(i) I.T. Gun Spot Welding: In I.T. Gun Spot Welding the spot welding can be done with the help of a gun which contain the transformer in it. This kind of press called as the I.T. Gun and the spot welding can do on it more easily as compare to the other welding operations. The gun used for the I.T. Gun Spot Welding is: 

Fig 2.15: I.T. Gun

(ii) Non I.T. Gun Spot Welding: In Non I.T. Gun Spot Welding operation the gun used for spot welding does not contain transformer in it. The transformer is placed outside of the gun. The name of the Non I.T. Gun is Non Integrated Transformer Gun for spot welding. The gun used for Non I.T. Gun Spot Welding is:

Fig 2.16: Non I.T. Gun

Spot Welding can be done on the parts because it support the aerodynamic condition because it is light in weight as comparison to the other welding techniques and its cost is less as compare to other welding techniques.

After the welding process the part is sends to the final Quality Section where the quality of the part and the accuracy of the part can be checked.

QUALITY SECTION: After the welding process the part is sends to the quality section where the quality checker checks the quality and accuracy of the part because it is essential to check the accuracy of part. The defects can be checked at that department because it is necessary that a part should be accurate because without the accuracy it can’t be fitted into the car. So it is necessary to checked out and solves these problems of the part the certain defects that can be produced on the surface of the sheet during the press shop operations are:

(i) Overlap(ii) Cracks(iii) Wrinkle(iv) Deformation(v) Dent

These are the different defects that produced on the surface of the sheet during the press operation such as drawing, trimming, restriking and punching. During these operations these defects can produced so it is necessary to check these defects because these defects are not to be favorable according to the structure of the part. So in quality checking section the checker check this defects and solves these by different operations.

So this is the manufacturing process of the parts in which following three stages can be used:

(i) Press Shop Operations(ii) Welding Shop Operations(iii) Quality Checking Section

And after these three stages the part is ready for the supply and fitted into the car. So this is the manufacturing process of the different parts.

CHAPTER-3

RESULTS & DISCUSSION

3.1 RESULTS:

3.1.1 Successful Development Of The Part: In the final we getting the result of the successful development of the part. The part can be developed according to its profile which is provided by the company to the engineers. According to its structure a die can be used for the manufacturing of the part. For the manufacturing of the different parts different dies can be used which are according to the shape of the part. The die is loaded on the M.B. and M.B. can be placed inside the press as the lower unit and a upper portion of the die can be attached to the upper M.B. with the help of studs. When the die is loaded then the complete automatic process of the press starts and the pressure starts creating in the cylinders which are attached at the top portion of the press. When the pressure completes then the upper die completes its stroke and the single- single operations can be completed on different presses. The presses used for these different operations are of different pressures the press used for the drawing operation is of 800 Tones and the presses used for the remaining operations are of 400 Tones that means the upper die strikes on the lower one with that pressure. The damps produced in the press by this strike are absorbed by the damping unit which is under the cushion bed. The M.B. is placed on the cushion bed and the damps can be absorbed by the damping unit. After the every operation complete the part sends to the welding shop where the nut and bolts are attached to the part according to the constructional detail of the part with the help of the spot welding and at last the part is checked by the quality checkers and ready for delivery. So this is the successful development of the part.

3.1.2 Get The Chance To Gain The Knowledge: After watching the complete phenomenon of manufacturing of part we are able to getting the knowledge about the different press operation such as drawing, trimming, restriking and punching. The different part of the die works in a different manner and these are automatically done so after watching these operations we are able to get the knowledge of different press operations.

After the different press phenomenon the different welding operations are performed on it. The welding operation is used is the Spot Welding operation in which spot welding can be done in different two ways:

(i) I.T. Gun (ii) Non I.T. Gun

These are the two welding operation which are used for the spot welding so we get the knowledge about the different spot welding techniques and machines which are used for spot welding. By watching this complete we are able to get the knowledge of the different processes that can be used in the factory for the manufacturing of different parts. So after getting the complete training we get the knowledge of different processes.

3.2 DISCUSSIONS:

3.2.1 Defects Produced In Sheet: During discussion we discuss about the problem facing during the manufacturing process of the different parts. Basically the main problem can be faced is of different defects produced during the manufacturing phenomenon. The different defects produced are:

(i) Wrinkle(ii) Overlapping(iii) Crack(iv) Deformation (v) Dent.

These are the main problems that are faced during the manufacturing process of part. These defects can be discussed during the training

Fig 3.1: Defects Produced In The Sheet

3.2.2 Problem Produced In The Presses: There are different problem that produced during the working condition of press and these defects can be studied or discussed during training. The different defects produced in the presses are :

(i) Lubrication Problem

(ii) Pressure Problem

These are the problems that are produced during the working condition of the press. So these defects can be discussed or solved out during training.

CHAPTER-3

CONCLUSION

In conclusion we are discussed to solve the problems produced during the working condition of the press and manufacturing of the parts. To solve the defects produced on the surface of the sheet during different press operations different processes can be used if the damage is small and it can easily be repaired then it can be machined and repaired it but if the defect is not be able to correct then the sheet can be thrown into the scrap. If the problems are small and it can easily be repaired then different operations such as hammering, machining can be used. After applying these processes the defects can be removed the surface of sheet because without removing these defects it can’t be possible to use these parts. A defected piece can’t be used in the manufacturing of the car so it is necessary to remove theses defects. In conclusion we discussed the process used for the removal of the defects.

There are certain defects produced during the working of press. The different defects produced during the press operation are lubrication problem, less pressure produced in the cylinders. It is necessary to solve these problems because without solving these problems the press can’t work automatically. If any operation of the press stops working then press stops working so it is necessary to solve these problems. Sometimes the pump of lubrication stop working and the press stops working. So this effect can be checked out and clear it so that the press should work properly. Sometimes the cylinder cannot produce proper pressure for the stroke of the die so it is necessary to solve this problem that the press should stroke properly. The pump stops working and the pressure stops producing in the cylinders and due to this the press stops working so we find out the problem and solve this so that press should work properly.

So these are the basic conclusions that are made to solve the problems produced during the different operations.