INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIO

NCORY STILLMAN AND ZACH LICHTER

WHAT IS IT?• Period of rapid growth in machine use for

manufacturing and producing

• Caused by the growth in population

• The first breakthrough was in textiles

• Before, people farmed

MORE!!• America actually took its first steps towards mass

production almost immediately after gaining independence

• With the help of British engineers, patent violations, industrial intelligence and local innovations, American power looms were on the same level as the British machines by the end of the 1810s

• By the 1830s, America had caught up to Great Britain in all stages of the Industrial Revolution

LOOM

Eli Whitney Interchangeable Parts

By: Melody Wu and Erin Bandurick

War with France

1790’s- the US feared war with France.

There was not enough muskets for the military to use.

Muskets were made by hand, which took much skill, effort, and time.

Each musket was made differently.

Supply did not meet demand.

Factories needed better technology to make muskets faster and easier to use.

He got called to Washington to order him to work on the muskets and fooled them by assembling a musket “at random” but had relabeled them

Interchangeable Parts

Effect The government funded

his factory and Whitney promised to make 10,000 muskets in 2 years.

However he was late but the muskets were judged to be superior quality and were worth the wait

Cause 1798- inventor, Eli Whitney, tried

to make muskets without all the work.

His first idea was to make water powered machinery.

"I am persuaded that machinery moved by water and adapted by this business would greatly reduce the labor and facilitate the manufacture of this article“ ~Eli Whitney, Technology in America.

Later, he came up with the idea of interchangeable parts, where all muskets were identical, which made them easy to make and replace.

He designed a milling machine which would make parts exactly the same every time.

Whitney’s invention was the basis of modern mass production.

In the end, he was nine years late delivering the weapons.

Green, Constance M. "Whitney, Eli (1765-1825)." GaleGroup.

American Eras, 1997. Web. Apr.-May 2012. <http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/uhic/ReferenceDetailsPage /ReferenceDetailsWindow?displayGroupName=Reference&disableHighlighting=false&prodId=UHIC&action=e&windowstate=normal&catId=&documentId=GALE%7CCX2536600888&mode=view>.

Eli Whitney Museum and Workshop. "The Factory | The Eli Whitney Museum and Workshop." The Eli Whitney Museum and Workshop. Web. 25 Apr. 2012. <http://www.eliwhitney.org/new/museum/about-eli-whitney/factory>.

"Interchangeable Parts." History.com. A&E Television Networks. Web. 25 Apr. 2012. <http://www.history.com/topics/interchangeable-parts>.

Works Cited

Trade UnionsBrady Alwine

Dan RoseJamie Brown

Trade unions: groups that tried to improve pay and working conditions

Unskilled factory workers also formed trade unions

Immigration in 1840s brought people from other countries

Trade Unions

Labor unions staged protests called strikes Strikes are when workers refuse to work

until employers meet their demands Over 98% of union contracts are renewed

without a strike

Strikes

STEAMBOATSBy Kristian Wagner and Jesse

Cohen

http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/uhic/topic/actionWin?limiter=AC+y&showDisambiguation=&displayGroups=&query=&prodId=UHIC&userGroupName=&action=e&windowstate=normal&catId=GALE%7C00000000MXM9&scanId=&display-query=&mode=view

Steamboat Notes

Developed in the 1700s and were not in widespread use until 1800s.

1803: American Robert Fulton tested his first steamboat design in France, and later designed and succeeded with the Clermont.

The Clermont traveled up the Hudson River the opposite way of its flow with no problems, bringing high demand commercially.

1840: Over 500 steamboats being used in USA. 1850: Steamboats carried people and goods

over the Atlantic.http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/uhic/ImagesDetailsPage/ImagesDetailsWindow?total=7&query=&prodId=UHIC&windowstate=normal&mode=view&limiter=AC+y&displayGroupName=Images&currPage=3&sortBy=relevance%2Cdescending&action=e&catId=GALE%7C00000000MXM9&view=docDisplay&documentId=GALE%7CPC3450987072

Steamboat Facts

Aug. 22, 1787: The first workable steamboat was demonstrated by Connecticut-born inventor John Fitch.

Fitch's fourth boat was ruined by a storm in 1792 and he lost the support of his backers.

The upstream of the Clermont took thirty hours. Packets were the most common kind of

steamboat and carried passengers and cargo from city to city.

Other boats included towboats, showboats, ferries, dredges, and light tenders. http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/uhic/

ImagesDetailsPage/ImagesDetailsWindow?total=7&query=&prodId=UHIC&windowstate=normal&mode=view&limiter=AC+y&displayGroupName=Images&currPage=4&sortBy=relevance%2Cdescending&action=e&catId=GALE%7C00000000MXM9&view=docDisplay&documentId=GALE%7CEJ2210014871

Works Cited

Holt History Text "Steamboats." Gale Encyclopedia of U.S.

Economic History. Ed. Thomas Carson and Mary Bonk. Detroit: Gale, 1999. Gale U.S. History In Context. Web. 23 Apr. 2012.

Cotton GinGabby LocSarah MeyersRachel Neave

Before the Cotton Gin The demand for cotton increased in

1790’s Cotton producers could not keep up with

the demand for cotton and needed machinery

Creation of the Cotton Gin Eli Whitney created the first machine

that would help produce cotton faster called the Cotton Gin

The cotton gin was a machine that removed seeds from short-staple cotton.

“Gin” = short for engine.

How it Works Operator turns the crank The crank turned a roller with

teeth that stripped the seeds away from the cotton fiber

Brushes on a second roller lifted the seedless cotton off the teeth of the first cylinder and dropped it out of the machine.

A belt connected the rollers so that they would both turn when the crank was turned.

Patent of the Cotton Gin Whitney wanted to make the cotton gin

his own invention. However, other planters saw how simple

it was, and built one themselves.

The Effect of the Cotton Gin Eli Whitney’s invention revolutionized

the cotton industry Southern exports of cotton filled more

than half of the world’s demand The Cotton Gin helped lead to the time

period of the Cotton Boom

Nativist Movement

Jeri BelardoJulia Simkus

Nativists

Nativists: Americans and others who opposed immigration

Many native-born Americans feared losing their jobs to immigrants who might work for lower wages

In 1849, nativists founded a political organization, The Know Nothing Party, that supported measures making it difficult for foreigners to become citizens or hold office

ImmigrantsMajority of the immigrants were

CatholicIn 1807, there were 70,000 Roman

Catholics in the United States and by 1840 there were 660,000

In 1850, there were two million Roman Catholics in the United States

The Know Nothing PartyMembers wanted to keep Catholics

and immigrants out of public office You must have lived in the U.S. for at

least 21 years before becoming a citizen

Had some success getting elected during 1850’s.

Disagreements over the issues of slavery caused the party to fall apart

Works Cited"Immigration and Immigrants."

Encyclopedia of the United States in the Nineteenth Century. Ed. Paul Finkelman. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2001. Gale U.S. History In Context. Web. 23 Apr. 2012.

THE TEMPERANCE MOVEMENT

Zoe SchmauderBecca SegelSneha Singh

The Temperance Movement

Social reformers wanted to prevent heavy alcohol use 1830’s average= 7 gallons of alcohol a year Thought alcohol abuse caused social problems Worries led to temperance movement Urged people to self-discipline themselves to stop drinking Reformers asked people to limit themselves American Temperance Society and the American Temperance

Union joined into the effort to help the Temperance Movement It was said that overuse of alcohol caused social problems like criminal behavior and acting violently, like it indicates in this picture.

"PRIMARY SOURCE Drunkard Attacks Wife: Members of the temperance movement used this 1848 image, and..." Family in Society: Essential Primary Sources. Ed. K. Lee Lerner, Brenda Wilmoth Lerner, and Adrienne Wilmoth Lerner. Detroit: Gale, 2006. Gale U.S. History In Context. Web. 23 Apr. 2012.

The Temperance Movement

Minister Beecher said people who drink alcohol are, “neglecting the education of their families and corrupting their morals.”

People turned to alcoholic beverages because it doesn’t spoil like milk

Many people became alcoholics during their childhoods Because of the temperance movement, the average alcohol

consumption went from 7 gallons per year to 3 gallons per year Groups like the Connecticut Society for the Reformation of Morals

were created to transform the social habits of Americans

"Temperance Movement." Gale Encyclopedia of U.S. Economic History. Ed. Thomas Carson and Mary Bonk. Detroit: Gale, 1999. Gale U.S. History In Context. Web. 20 Apr. 2012.

Prison Reform

By: Ethan Cook and Matt Maurer

Information• Dorathea Dix found that the criminals had mental

illnesses in jails.• Found prisons without clothes, heat, and people

chained to walls.• Made mentally ill institutions.• She helped make over 100 state hospital for

mentally ill people.• New prisons helped runaway children• Runaway children were sent to reform schools to

learn.• Reform efforts lead to the creation of the houses of

Correction.• The houses offered education to Prisoners, Children,

and mentally ill people.

Works cited

• "The Prison Reform Movement." American Social Reform Movements Reference Library. Ed. Carol Brennan, et al. Vol. 2: Almanac. Detroit: UXL, 2007. 287-317. Gale U.S. History In Context. Web. 23 Apr. 2012

Abolition of slavery Evelyn CoralloBrennan Watkins

Abolition• Abolition- a complete end to slavery

• Benjamin Franklin was the first president of the first anti-slavery society

• The American Anti-Slavery society was a group of people that wanted racial equality for African Americans

Quakers• The Quakers were among the first groups to protest the

slavery.• They were a Christian group founded in England.• Beginning in 1750s the Quakers took a strong moral against

slavery.• They helped abolish the slave system in the British Empire by

1833.• They were largely responsible for the first American abolition

society.

Political Abolitionism • Some leaders began to press for change through political

legislation• Wanted to focus on restrictions; not willing to engage in some

of the other reforms • By 1846 support for their party had faded, and people gave

their votes to the new anti slavery parties

FREDERICK DOUGLASS & SOJOURNER TRUTH

ByJames Closser

Patrick Cardelia

Frederick Douglass

Escaped slavery when he was 20 Became one of the most important African

American leaders of the 1800’s Secretly learned to read and write as a young

boy even though it was against the law Gave regular lectures in 1841 In 1852 “the blessings in which you, this day,

rejoice, are not enjoyed in common… This 4th of July is yours, not mine. You may rejoice, I must mourn.”

Published newspaper called North Star.

Sojourner Truth

Former slave, born in New York but then taken from her family and sold as a slave

Contributed to the abolitionist cause Claimed god had called her to travel

through the United States and preach truth about slavery and women's rights.

Became famous for her fiery and dramatic speeches.

THE UNDERGROUND RAILROADBy: Lilly Horbal and Sammy Grogan

The Underground Railroad

A group of people (free African Americans, former slaves, and white abolitionists) worked together to help slaves escape from the south in the 1830’s

Created “Underground Railroad”, a network of people arranging hiding places and transportation for slaves who escaped

Would travel to Canada or Northern States No central leadership, but still achieved dramatic

results Underground railroad was most active in Ohio,

Indiana, and Pennsylvania

The Underground Railroad

Traveled along railroad at night in disguises led by conductors.

Stopped during the day at “stations” (barns, attics, or property owned by abolitionists)

Abolitionists hid and fed them Harriet Tubman was the most famous

conductor of underground railroad She escaped slavery in 1849, but left

behind her family.

The Underground Railroad

Harriet swore she would return and lead her whole family to freedom in the North

She returned to the south 19 times, leading her family and 300+ slaves to freedom

Reward for Harriet Tubman as $40,000

Works Cited

Deverell, William Francis., and Deborah G. White. Holt United States History.

Orlando, FL: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2006. Print.Stewart, James Brewer. “Underground

Railroad.” Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. Grolier Online, 2012. Web. 20 Apr. 2012.

Underground Railroad

Min Son and Jennifer CatalanoPeriod Two

Underground Railroad (1830’s)

• Began because of the Fugitive Slave Act: Northern states were forced to return all runaway slaves to the south• A network of people who arranged transportation

and hiding places for fugitives (escaped slaves)• Included free African Americans, former slaves,

and a few white abolitionists (often Quakers)• “Conductors” helped slaves travel disguised from

“station” to “station” by boat, foot, train, or horse• “Conductors” supplied slaves with food, shelter,

money, clothing, and transportation

Slaves hid in the attic of this safe house.

Underground Railroad• Fugitives smuggled to black communities on the Ohio River, then onto well-established routes to Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, then onto Canada• Not actually a railroad, but coded for secrecy• 50,000 to 100,000 slaves successfully escaped• Harriet Tubman was a former slave who escaped via

the underground railroad then became a conductor. She returned south 19 times and

helped 300 slaves • One of the best organized stations was in Washington DC

Works Cited

Earhart, Amy E. "Underground Railroad." American History Through Literature 1820-1870. Ed. Janet Gabler-Hover and Robert Sattelmeyer. Vol. 3. Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2006. 1206-1211. Gale U.S. History In Context. Web. 20 Apr. 2012."Underground Railroad." U*X*L Encyclopedia of U.S. History. Sonia Benson, Daniel E. Brannen, Jr., and Rebecca Valentine. Ed. Lawrence W. Baker and Sarah Hermsen. Vol. 8. Detroit: UXL, 2009. 1602-1604. Gale U.S. History In Context. Web. 20 Apr. 2012.Yacovone, Donald. "Underground Railroad." Encyclopedia of African-American Culture and History. Ed. Colin A. Palmer. 2nd ed. Vol. 5. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2006. 2223-2226. Gale U.S. History In Context. Web. 22 Apr. 2012.

Seneca Falls Convention

Alison KruseSarah Keen

Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott were both bothered that they could not participate in the anti-slavery convention because they were woman

Abolitionists did not think woman were equal to men They argued that women should receive equal pay

for equal work They wanted to do the same work that men could do

and they wanted the right to vote They wanted to change laws concerning money and

property control

The Start

Was the first public meeting about woman's rights held in the US

On July 19th at Wesleyan Church the first Seneca Falls Convention was held

The convention paved the way for other conventions regarding women’s rights

240 people attended the convention, including men Wrote a declaration of Sediments

stating racist beliefs against woman 18 different charges against men

Seneca Falls Convention

Some women’s rights leaders were Lucy Stone, Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton Lucy Stone was a well-known spokesperson at the

conventions Susan B. Anthony brought strong organization skills Elizabeth wrote many documents that contributed to

the conventions

The Leaders

Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Maddie Erman and Greta Rolli

Antislavery novel Written By Harriet Beecher Stowe Book was published in 1852 She wrote book because she was angered by the Fugitive

Slave Act Main character was an enslaved African American named Tom Novel caught the nation’s attention and was an outrage in the

South It gave people an opinion on slavery 2 million copies were sold in a decade Best seller in the US and England She founded and taught at a grammar school

Uncle Tom’s Cabin