Industrial Revolution Ch 19. Dawn of the Industrial Age ► I.A New Agriculture Revolution ► A....

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Industrial Industrial Revolution Revolution Ch 19 Ch 19

Transcript of Industrial Revolution Ch 19. Dawn of the Industrial Age ► I.A New Agriculture Revolution ► A....

Page 1: Industrial Revolution Ch 19. Dawn of the Industrial Age ► I.A New Agriculture Revolution ► A. Enclosure Movement is the process of taking over and consolidating.

Industrial RevolutionIndustrial RevolutionCh 19Ch 19

Page 2: Industrial Revolution Ch 19. Dawn of the Industrial Age ► I.A New Agriculture Revolution ► A. Enclosure Movement is the process of taking over and consolidating.

Dawn of the Industrial AgeDawn of the Industrial Age

► I.I. A New Agriculture RevolutionA New Agriculture Revolution► A. A. Enclosure MovementEnclosure Movement is the process of taking is the process of taking

over and over and consolidatingconsolidating off off landland formerly shared by formerly shared by peasant farmers. This caused many peasant peasant farmers. This caused many peasant farmers to seek jobs in the cities. Why was this farmers to seek jobs in the cities. Why was this occurring?? occurring?? Pg 610Pg 610

► B. At this time a population explosion occurred. B. At this time a population explosion occurred. Population explosion was also due to extra food Population explosion was also due to extra food production. This was due to declining death rates production. This was due to declining death rates and rising birth rates. What do I mean by this?? and rising birth rates. What do I mean by this??

► Jethro Tull invented the seed drill. The seed drill Jethro Tull invented the seed drill. The seed drill deposited seeds in deposited seeds in rowsrows rather than scattering rather than scattering them wastefully over the land.them wastefully over the land.

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Dawn of the Industrial AgeDawn of the Industrial Age

► II.II. Energy Revolution Energy Revolution ►Water wheels powered factories Water wheels powered factories ► James Watt improved on Thomas James Watt improved on Thomas

Newcomen’s Newcomen’s steamsteam engine. engine.► III.III. Age of Iron and CoalAge of Iron and Coal►Darby family of England was one of the first Darby family of England was one of the first

families to get rich off of the coal business. families to get rich off of the coal business. They found a way to remove impurities from They found a way to remove impurities from iron.iron.

► B. Abraham Darby III built the world’s B. Abraham Darby III built the world’s first first ironiron bridge. bridge.

► Assignment: *Inventor’s worksheet*Assignment: *Inventor’s worksheet*

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Invention ReviewInvention Review

►What new inventions were created?What new inventions were created?►How did these inventions improve human How did these inventions improve human

longevity? (Do you know what human longevity? (Do you know what human longevity is?)longevity is?)

►Why do you think there was an invention Why do you think there was an invention boom all of a sudden rather than a few boom all of a sudden rather than a few inventions spread throughout the years? inventions spread throughout the years? (These inventions were all created within 100 (These inventions were all created within 100 years. . .which may seem like a long time but years. . .which may seem like a long time but in the realm of history as a whole, it is a short in the realm of history as a whole, it is a short time period)time period)

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Sec 2: Britain Leads the WaySec 2: Britain Leads the Way

► I.I. Why Britain Led the WayWhy Britain Led the Way► A. Large supplies of coal A. Large supplies of coal ► B. Large number of workersB. Large number of workers► C. Many C. Many riversrivers and accessibility to and accessibility to

the the seasea..► D. Trade expansions overseasD. Trade expansions overseas► E. Britain had a stable E. Britain had a stable

governmentgovernment► F. Strong NavyF. Strong Navy

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Sec 2: Britain Leads the WaySec 2: Britain Leads the Way► II.II. Changes in the textile industry.Changes in the textile industry.► The British developed the putting-out system (cottage The British developed the putting-out system (cottage

industry) in which industry) in which rawraw cotton was distributed to cotton was distributed to peasant families who spun it into peasant families who spun it into threads threads and then and then wove the thread into cloth in their own homes. Skilled wove the thread into cloth in their own homes. Skilled artisans in town then finished the cloth.artisans in town then finished the cloth.

► To speed up the making of textiles John Kay invented To speed up the making of textiles John Kay invented the flying shuttle.the flying shuttle.

► Arkwright’s water-frame used water to speed up Arkwright’s water-frame used water to speed up spinning.spinning.

► James Hargreaves invented the spinning jenny which James Hargreaves invented the spinning jenny which spun many spun many threadsthreads at the same time. at the same time.

► The first factories emerged. What is a factory? The first factories emerged. What is a factory? ► Workers and machines producing large quantitiesWorkers and machines producing large quantities

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Sec 2: Britain Leads the WaySec 2: Britain Leads the Way

► III.III. Changes in TransportationChanges in Transportation► Turnpikes or privately built roads occurred. Turnpikes or privately built roads occurred.

TollsTolls were charged to use turnpikes. were charged to use turnpikes.► Scottish travelers built canals.Scottish travelers built canals.► Stephenson developed a steam-powered Stephenson developed a steam-powered

locomotive. locomotive. ► Robert Fulton used steam to power Robert Fulton used steam to power

steamboats.steamboats.► *Assignment: Invention Projects* *Assignment: Invention Projects* ► *Make flashcards with the ppl/invention bc *Make flashcards with the ppl/invention bc

YOU WILL BE TESTED OVER EACH PERSON YOU WILL BE TESTED OVER EACH PERSON AND THEIR INVENTION!!!!!!AND THEIR INVENTION!!!!!!

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SECTION 3:SECTION 3: Hardships of the Early Industrial Hardships of the Early Industrial

LifeLife► I.I. The New Industrial city: The industrial The New Industrial city: The industrial

revolution brought urbanization: revolution brought urbanization: movement of movement of ppl to the citiesppl to the cities pg. 616 pg. 616

► II.II. Factory System and the MinesFactory System and the Mines► Shifts lasted from 12 to 16 hours a day, six or Shifts lasted from 12 to 16 hours a day, six or

seven seven days a week.days a week. Machines and mines had no safety devices; injury Machines and mines had no safety devices; injury

was common place.was common place. Workers who became too sick or injured to work Workers who became too sick or injured to work

lostlost their jobs. their jobs. Women made up a large part of the work force.Women made up a large part of the work force. Men thought women would be easier to manage Men thought women would be easier to manage

and paid them half of what men made.and paid them half of what men made.

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ScenarioScenario

► Imagine that you lived in the 1800s and you Imagine that you lived in the 1800s and you worked in a factory. Conditions are dirty, hot, worked in a factory. Conditions are dirty, hot, cramped, and tiring (stave-mill). You work 14 cramped, and tiring (stave-mill). You work 14 hour days, 6 days a week and you barely make hour days, 6 days a week and you barely make a nickel a day. Furthermore, after a long day a nickel a day. Furthermore, after a long day of work, you still have a family to take care of of work, you still have a family to take care of when you get home. You realize that this is when you get home. You realize that this is your life and the life of your friends and most-your life and the life of your friends and most-likely the life of your children. likely the life of your children.

►What would you do to keep your sanity or keep What would you do to keep your sanity or keep your spirits up, especially for your family? your spirits up, especially for your family?

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SECTION 3:SECTION 3: Hardships of the Early Industrial Hardships of the Early Industrial

LifeLife► Child LaborChild Labor► 1. Many factories hired children1. Many factories hired children

Some employers hired children and only Some employers hired children and only gave them free food as payment for gave them free food as payment for their labor.their labor.

Children were beaten if they didn’t do Children were beaten if they didn’t do well.well.

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Could you imagine? If you lived during the Industrial Revolution, by your age now you would have already been working 10 years! Now, do you think school is really that bad? Seriously, these kiddos would rather be in school than working.

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SECTION 3:SECTION 3: Hardships of the Early Industrial Hardships of the Early Industrial

LifeLife► II.II. The Working Class ProtestThe Working Class Protest► The LudditesThe Luddites

They protested against the harsh working They protested against the harsh working conditions.conditions.

Some Luddites Some Luddites demolished demolished machines and burned machines and burned factories.factories.

► MethodismMethodism John Wesley was the founder of the Methodist John Wesley was the founder of the Methodist

church in the mid 1700’schurch in the mid 1700’s He stressed the need for personal sense of faith.He stressed the need for personal sense of faith. Methodist preachers took their message of Methodist preachers took their message of

salvation to the slums.salvation to the slums. The Methodists set up The Methodists set up Sunday schools.Sunday schools. Methodists helped channel worker’s anger from Methodists helped channel worker’s anger from

revolution towards reform.revolution towards reform.

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QuestionQuestion

►Would you have been a luddite Would you have been a luddite (radical, physical, angry protestor) or a (radical, physical, angry protestor) or a Methodist (peaceful, loving protestor), Methodist (peaceful, loving protestor), why? why?

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SECTION 3:SECTION 3: Hardships of the Early Industrial Hardships of the Early Industrial

LifeLife► IV. IV. The New Middle ClassThe New Middle Class► They lived in well-furnished homes. They lived in well-furnished homes. ►Most owned factories. Most owned factories. ► They made an impact on Parliament where they They made an impact on Parliament where they

refused to allow anyone to regulate their factories.refused to allow anyone to regulate their factories.► V.V. Benefits and Problems of Industrial RevolutionBenefits and Problems of Industrial Revolution► A. Was it a blessing or a curse?A. Was it a blessing or a curse?► B. Unions won the right to bargain. These included B. Unions won the right to bargain. These included

better hours and wages, low pay, unemployment, better hours and wages, low pay, unemployment, dismal working conditions. (read pg 621)dismal working conditions. (read pg 621)

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SECTION 4:SECTION 4: New Ways of Thinking New Ways of Thinking

► I.I. Laissez-Faire EconomicsLaissez-Faire Economics► A. This philosophy preached that the A. This philosophy preached that the

gov’t shouldn’t interfere in the economy.gov’t shouldn’t interfere in the economy.► B. The main proponent of Laissez-Fair B. The main proponent of Laissez-Fair

Economies was Adam Smith.Economies was Adam Smith.► 1. Smith believed that a free market 1. Smith believed that a free market

economy—the unregulated exchange of economy—the unregulated exchange of goods and services would help everyone not goods and services would help everyone not just the just the richrich..

► 2. Smith wrote a best selling book 2. Smith wrote a best selling book on this subject called on this subject called The Wealth of The Wealth of NationsNations..

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SECTION 4:SECTION 4: New Ways of Thinking New Ways of Thinking

► C. Thomas Malthus Population TheoryC. Thomas Malthus Population Theory► 1. Malthus predicted that 1. Malthus predicted that

population would out-pace food supplypopulation would out-pace food supply► 2. The following led to declines of 2. The following led to declines of

population: war, disease, and faminepopulation: war, disease, and famine► 3. Malthus discouraged charitable 3. Malthus discouraged charitable

handouts and vaccinations. Why??handouts and vaccinations. Why??► D. Ricardo (David)D. Ricardo (David)► 1. He invented “The iron law of wages” which 1. He invented “The iron law of wages” which

said when wages were high, families had said when wages were high, families had more children.more children.

► 2. Malthus and Ricardo thought the poor 2. Malthus and Ricardo thought the poor would would remain poorremain poor

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SECTION 4:SECTION 4: New Ways of Thinking New Ways of Thinking

► II. II. UtilitarianismUtilitarianism► Jeremy Bentham preached utilitarianism…Jeremy Bentham preached utilitarianism…

pg. 623pg. 623► Bentham strongly supported individual Bentham strongly supported individual

freedom which he thought would insure freedom which he thought would insure happiness for everyone.happiness for everyone.

► Another utilitarian John Stuart Mill said the Another utilitarian John Stuart Mill said the government should step in to improve the government should step in to improve the life of the working class. Has this happened life of the working class. Has this happened in America??in America??

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SECTION 4:SECTION 4: New Ways of Thinking New Ways of Thinking

► III.III. Socialism Socialism ► Under socialism the people…pg. 625Under socialism the people…pg. 625► Utopians Utopians ► 1. Early socialists tried to build self-sufficient 1. Early socialists tried to build self-sufficient

communities in which all work was shared and communities in which all work was shared and all property was owned in common. When all property was owned in common. When there was no difference between rich and there was no difference between rich and poor, they felt fighting between people would poor, they felt fighting between people would disappear.disappear.

► 2. A Utopian Robert Owen established New 2. A Utopian Robert Owen established New Lonarck, Scotland.Lonarck, Scotland.

Page 19: Industrial Revolution Ch 19. Dawn of the Industrial Age ► I.A New Agriculture Revolution ► A. Enclosure Movement is the process of taking over and consolidating.

SECTION 4:SECTION 4: New Ways of Thinking New Ways of Thinking

► IV.IV. Karl Marx, CommunismKarl Marx, Communism►Because of his beliefs, Marx was kicked Because of his beliefs, Marx was kicked

out of Germany and moved to London, out of Germany and moved to London, England.England.

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SECTION 4:SECTION 4: New Ways of Thinking New Ways of Thinking

► While in England he teamed up with a man named Engles.While in England he teamed up with a man named Engles. These two wrote a book called These two wrote a book called Communist ManifestoCommunist Manifesto.. Communism is a…pg. 625 Communism is a…pg. 625 community ownedcommunity owned Communism has turned in to a system in which Communism has turned in to a system in which

governments led by a governments led by a small small elite controlled all economic elite controlled all economic and and political political life.life.

He defined history as a struggle between employers and He defined history as a struggle between employers and employees. He also defined history was a struggle between employees. He also defined history was a struggle between haves and have-nots.haves and have-nots.

The have-nots were the proletariat…pg. 625The have-nots were the proletariat…pg. 625 He believed they would take control of the means of He believed they would take control of the means of

production and set up classless communist society.production and set up classless communist society. Russia was the first country to embrace Marx’s ideas.Russia was the first country to embrace Marx’s ideas. Marx predicted the whole world would rise up at once Marx predicted the whole world would rise up at once

against capitalism. against capitalism. What are some communist countries today??What are some communist countries today??