Industrial Revolution and Romanticism

8/19/2019 Industrial Revolution and Romanticism

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Industrial Revolution,

Romanticism, and individual

consciousness

• We saw how with the Scottish literary

revival looked for the authentic plowman poet who performed and consolidated a

Scottish identity and created a folk identity

for a Anglo-American audience precisely ata moment of social change (industrial,

political, and cultural!


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Industrial Revolution,

Romanticism, and individual

consciousness• With William "lake we see a similar attention to

these changes• In "lake#s time, changes in childhood,

instruction, led to new modes of instruction for

children (similar to Wollstonecroft#s concern for

the education of women there was $eginningthought on the education of children and

children as having special developmental needs!


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William "lake

• Songs of Innocence and

of Experience

• %Shewing the twocontrary states of the

&uman Soul'

• mostly composed during

)*+-+ in **assem$led an

authoritative print of the

$ook


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Songs of Innocence and of

Experience• An attempt to

articulate the changes

of individualconsciousness

• via antithesis

• in the contet of

modern .ngland


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Experience• A scene of instruction

• mother and child

• reading

• tree of knowledge


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Blake v. Isaac Watts (1715)


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Experience• /he 0ittle "lack "oy


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Experience• /he .cchoing 1reen


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Experience


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Holy !"rsday


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2oison /ree

• 2sychology of guile

and deception


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0ondon

• Social 2ortrait of city

mentality


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Sick rose

• Seual secrecy

• invisi$ility


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William Wordsworth

• ))3-*43

• $orn in the 0ake

5istrict in 6orthern

.ngland

• 7am$ridge .ducated

• )+3s $ecomes a

%fervant democrat' $utcools off of

revolutionary politics


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William Wordsworth• 8eets 7oleridge in the

)+3s $egins

colla$oration that would

revolutioni9e .nglish

poetry

• #yrical Ballads ()+*

• opens with %/he Rime

Ancient 8ariner' andcloses with %0ines Written

a$ove /intern A$$ey'


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William Wordsworth

• 8ost great poetry

written $etween )+*-

*3)

• *: named 2oetlaureate


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William Wordsworth

• /he world is too much

with us

• Steam$oats, ;iaducts,

and Railways


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Wordsworth#s dou$le poetic

agenda• from %2reface to #yrical Ballads'

• I have said that

poetry is thespontaneousoverfow opowerul eelings: it

takes its origin romemotion recollectedin tranquillity:

• the emotion iscontemplated till by aspecies o reaction the

tranquillity graduallydisappears, and an

emotion, kindred tothat which was beorethe subject o

contemplation,isgradually produced,and does itsel actuallyexist in the mind


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Wordsworth#s dou$le poetic

agenda•


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.amples in the poems• %I wander#d lonely as a

cloud'• =or oft, when on my couch I lie

• In vacant or in pensive mood,

• /hey flash upon that inward eye

• Which is the $liss of solitude>

• And then my heart with pleasure

fills,

• And dances with the daffodils


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Strange =its of 2assion

• In one of those sweet dreams

I slept,

• ?ind 6ature@s gentlest $oon

• And all the while my eyes I

kept

• hoof

after hoof • &e raised, and never

stoppedB

• When down $ehind the

cottage roof,

• At once, the $right moon

dropped!

• What fond and wayward

thoughts will slide

• Into a 0over@s head

• C< mercyC to myself I

cried,

• CIf 0ucy should $e deadC


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/intern A$$eyD /hese $eauteous forms,

• /hrough a long a$sence, have not $een to me

• As is a landscape to a $lind man@s eyeB

• "ut oft, in lonely rooms, and @mid the din

•

• And passing even into my purer mind,

• With tranEuil restorationB--feelings too

•


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/intern A$$ey• that serene and $lessed mood,

• In which the affections gently lead us on,--

• Fntil, the $reath of this corporeal frame

• And even the motion of our human $lood

• Almost suspended, we are laid asleep

• In $ody, and $ecome a living soulB

• While with an eye made Euiet $y the power

•


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/intern A$$ey• 8ay I $ehold in thee what I was once,

• 8y dear, dear Sister and this prayer I make,• ?nowing that 6ature never did $etray

• /he heart that loved her> @tis her privilege,

• /hrough all the years of this our life, to lead

• =rom Goy to GoyB for she can so inform

• /he mind that is within us, so impress

• With Euietness and $eauty, and so feed• With lofty thoughts, that neither evil tongues,

• Rash Gudgments, nor the sneers of selfish men,

• 6or greetings where no kindness is, nor all /he dreary

intercourse of daily life,

• Shall e@er prevail against us, or distur$

•


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Second part of the agenda

• %/he language of

prose may yet $e well

adapted to poetryHand no essential

difference'

• natural su$Gects in

states of ecitement

• Solitary Reaper

• Will no one tell me what she sings-

• 2erhaps the plaintive num$ers flow

• =or old, unhappy, far-off things,

• And $attles long agoB

•


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Second part of the agenda

• %/he language of

prose may yet $e well

adapted to poetryHand no essential

difference'

• natural su$Gects in

states of ecitement

• Solitary Reaper

• Whate@er the theme, the 8aiden

sang

• As if her song could have noending>

• I saw her singing at her work,

• And o@er the sickle $ending>--

• I listened, motionless and still>

• And, as I mounted up the hill

• /he music in my heart I $ore,

• 0ong after it was heard no more!


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Samuel /aylor 7oleridge

• ))J-*:

• Wordsworth#s $rilliant

colla$orator

• advocate of the power

of the imagination, of

the mind as creative in

perception


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?u$la ?han

• /he following fragment is here pu$lished at the reEuest of a poet of

great and deserved cele$rity K0ord "yronL, and, as far as the Author@s

own opinions are concerned, rather as a psychological curiosity, than

on the ground of any supposed poetic merits!

• In the summer of the year )+), the Author, then in ill health, had

retired to a lonely farm-house $etween 2orlock and 0inton, on the

.moor confines of Somerset and 5evonshire! In conseEuence of a

slight indisposition, an anodyne had $een prescri$ed, from the effects

of which he fell asleep in his chair at the moment that he was reading

the following sentence, or words of the same su$stance, in 2urchas@s

2ilgrimageB MM&ere the ?han ?u$la commanded a palace to $e $uilt,

and a stately garden thereunto! And thus ten miles of fertile ground

were inclosed with a wall!@@


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?u$la ?han

• /he Author continued for a$out three hours in a profound sleep, at least of theeternal senses, during which time he has the most vivid confidence, that he could

not have composed less than from two to three hundred lines> if that indeed can $e

called composition in which all the images rose up $efore him as things, with a

parallel production of the correspondent epressions, without any sensation or

consciousness of effort!


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?u$la ?han• /hen all the charm

• Is $roken--all that phantom-world so fair

• ;anishes, and a thousand circlets spread,

• And each mis-shape the other! Stay awile,

• 2oor youth who scarcely dar@st lift up thine eyes--

• /he stream will soon renew its smoothness, soon

• /he visions will return And lo, he stays,

• And soon the fragments dim of lovely forms

• 7ome trem$ling $ack, unite, and now once more

• /he pool $ecomes a mirror!

• Net from the still surviving recollections in his mind, the Author has freEuently purposed to finish for

himself what had $een

• originally, as it were, given to him! B $ut the to-morrow is yet to come!

• As a contrast to this vision, I have anneed a fragment of a very different character, descri$ing with

eEual fidelity the dream of • pain and disease!


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Oohn ?eats• )+4-*J

• son of a 0ondon sta$leman

• took up poetry at *

• studied medicine

• *+ was producing great

works and gaining recognition• "ecomes ill with consumption

• 5ies in Rome in search of

health


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1eorge 1ordon, 0ord "yron• )**-*J

• most popular and dashing of

Romantic figures

• created mythic hero

• "yronic hero alien,

mysterious, gloomy, superior

• self-reliant re$el, eile

• seual scandals follow him

• dies in 1reece fighting the

/urks


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2ercy "ysshe Shelley

• )+J-*JJ

• radical nonconformist

always taking up radical

causes

• &arriet West$rook

• 8ary Wollstonecraft 1odwin

flees to =rance with her

• a life of eile

• 5ies in $oating acccident in2isa


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• And on the pedestal these words appearB

• C8y name is


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=elicia 5orothea &emans

• )+: - *:4

• precocious daughter of

0iverpool merchants• died at

• very popular

• known for her piecesthat $ecame standard

recitation pieces


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7asa$ianca

• /he $oy stood on the $urning deck

• Whence all $ut he had fled>

• /he flame that lit the $attle@s wreck

• Shone round him o@er the dead!

• Net $eautiful and $right he stood,

• As $orn to rule the storm>

• A creature of heroic $lood,

• A proud, though child-like form!

• /he flames rolled onhe would

not go

• Without his =ather@s word>

• /hat father, faint in death $elow,• &is voice no longer heard!

• &e called aloud@say, =ather, say

• If yet my task is done@

• &e knew not that the chieftain

lay

• Fnconscious of his son!


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7asa$ianca

• @Speak, father@ once again he

cried,

• @If I may yet $e gone@

•And $ut the $ooming shotsreplied,

• And fast the flames rolled on!

• Fpon his $row he felt their $reath,

• And in his waving hair,• And looked from that lone post of

death

• In still yet $rave despair!

• And shouted $ut once more aloud,

• @8y father must I stay@

• While o@er him fast, through sail

and shroud,• /he wreathing fires made way!

• /hey wrapt the ship in splendour

wild,

• /hey caught the flag on high,• And streamed a$ove the gallant

child,

• 0ike $anners in the sky!


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7asa$ianca

• /here came a $urst of thunder

sound

• /he $oyoh where was he

• Ask of the winds that far around• With fragments strewed the sea

• With mast, and helm, and pennon

fair,

• /hat well had $orne their part• "ut the no$lest thing which

perished there

• Was that young faithful heart!

• 6otesB

• !Noung 7asa$ianca, a $oy

a$out thirteen years old, son ofthe admiral of the

Industrial Revolution and Romanticism

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