–

What is a REVOLUTION?

A revolutionary change is any

system of social life because of

which new systems based on

new values exist after the

revolution

Major revolutions in the last 200 years

American

French

EgyptianBut all of these revolutions

have been primarily VIOLENT

in nature

The Industrial Revolution

was however very

DIFFERENT from all the

other revolutions which

have ever taken place…it

was PEACEFUL

No other revolution has

made such a great impact

as the Industrial

Revolution has ever made

- Jawaharlal Nehru

The Industrial Revolution began in England

Deep reach within the Asian continent

Defeated France and hence there was no threat to the East India Co

Had a strong rule over all of India

Had the ability to squeeze capital

How did

England fuel the

Industrial

Revolution

Additional factors which supported the r ise of the

Industrial Revolution

Support to inventors, craftsmen and intellectuals

Colonization and availability of cheap raw material Largest fleet

of ships in the world and a strong navigational capability

Strong support from the English government

Availability of coal, a critical component for mfg

Supportive climate for the textile industry

How the industrial revolution moved all over the world

E n g l a n d

G e r m a n y

F r a n c e

S p a i n

B e l g i u m

A m e r i c a

N e t h e r l a n d s

R u s s i a

J a p a n

The Industrial Revolution

also gave birth to

Capitalism…

Capital ism has its roots in sea trade between Europe

and the Eastern countries• At the end of the 15th century

European traders started trading

with Eastern countries

• European countries flourished so the

rulers gave both military and

commercial support

• European traders purchased spice,

ivory, scents, cloth etc from the East

using gold and silver

• However, this led to a significant

outflow of gold and silver and hence

there was a need to identify

remedies for this

Traders identif ied a manner in which to make

signif icant profits through cross sell ing• Traders started selling articles from

one Eastern country to another for a

huge profit margin

• Example – British traders purchased

garments in India, sold them to

Indonesia. With the profit spices

were purchased which were then

sold in England at a huge margin!

European traders also started

presenting gifts to the rulers of Eastern

countries to gain tax exemptions

The Industrial Revolution lead to signif icant

technological changes

Old machines were replaced by new machines

Old weapons were replaced by new weapons

The Industrial Revolution lead to signif icant

technological changes

Man and animal power was replaced by steam and e lectr ica l power

Smal l cottage industr ies gave way to large c i ty industr ies and factor ies

Posit ive effects on the Industrial Revolution

Large scale low cost production

Wealth creation for multiple European countries

Increased international trade and commerce

Development of new cities leading to increased migration of the workforce

Improvement in transportation and communication

The Industrial Revolution also lead to many social

movements…

Social Movements

LabourMovement

ChartistsMovement

Women’sMovement

…and the development of many f ine arts

Short Stories Novels

Paintings Film Industry

However there were negative effects of the Industrial

Revolution as well

L o s s o f j o b s e c u r i t y

F i l t h y l i v i n g c o n d i t i o n s

V i c e s Wo r k r e l a t e d e x h a u s t i o n

M o n o t o n y o f w o r k

L o s s o f f r e e d o m

I m p e r i a l i s m i n r e l i g i o n

O v e r p o p u l a t io n a n d s c a r c i t y

The Industrial Revolution also has signif icant

environmental implications

NOISE POLLUTION: Sound of the machinery in the industries has lead to workers becoming permanently deaf

AIR POLLUTION: Because of the poisonous gases from factories workers have died or suffered from severe disability

WATER POLLUTION: Because of effluent discharge in the river waters, there was a high degree of water scarcity

HEALTH: Because of the huge quantities of waste generated, there was a very high prevalence of life threatening diseases

There were a number of inventions during the

Industrial RevolutionI N V E N T O R I N V E N T I O N

John Kay Weaver’s Shuttle

James Hargreaves Spinning Jenny

Richard Arch Right Water Frame

Samuel Crompton Jean

Edmund Cart Rite Power Loom

James Watt Steam Engine

George Stephenson Railway Engine

Benjamin Franklin Electric Power

Michael Faraday Dynamo

David Humphrey Protection Lamp

Morse Wire Machine

Alexander Bell Telephone

Marconi Radio

Robert Fulerton Boat

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