Social science

Ppt presentation

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

FIRST I THANK GOD.

I THANK MY SOCIAL TEACHER TO GIVE ME PPT PRESENTATION ON INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION.

Picture of industrial revolution

The Industrial Revolution was the change of social, and economic organization. The Industrial Revolution started in the late 18th, and 19th centuries which took place in England. England was where agriculture changed to an Industrial civilization. The Industrial Revolution of the factory system of production emerged, in which workers were brought together in one plant and supplied with tools, machines, and materials with which they worked in return for wages. Kids also had to work under bad conditions, and sadly some died.

The Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution was the major technological, socioeconomic and cultural change in the late 18th and early 19th century Britain in the United Kingdom. During that time, an economy based on manual labour was replaced by machinery.It began with the mechanisation of the textile industries and the development of iron-making techniques, and trade expansion was enabled by the introduction of canals, improved roads and then railways. The introduction of steam power and powered machinery underpinned the dramatic increases in production capacity.

Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution

1.Machines were invented which replaced human labour2.New energy sources were developed to power the new machinery – water, steam, electricity, oil (gas, kerosene)3.Some historians place advances in atomic, solar, and wind energy at the later stages of the Industrial Revolution4.Increased use of metals and minerals such as aluminum, coal, copper, iron, etc.

1.No concrete start date for the Industrial Revolution

2.Marked by gradual, slow changes

3.After 1750 – these changes were noticeable first in England

England: Birthplace of the Industrial Revolution

What was the Industrial Revolution?1.The Industrial Revolution was a fundamental change in the way goods were produced, from human labor to machines.

2.The more efficient means of production and subsequent higher levels of production triggered far-reaching changes to industrialized societies.

Improvements of Industrial Revolution

Transportation improved Ships○ Wooden ships → Iron ships → Steel ships○ Wind-powered sails → Steam-powered boilers

Trains Automobiles

Communication improved Telegraph Telephone Radio

Machines during Industrial revolution pictures

1.Robert Fulton invented the steamboat in 1807.

2.The Clermont operated the first regular steamboat route, running between Albany and New York City.

3.1819 – the Savannah used a steam engine as auxiliary power for the first time when it sailed across the Atlantic Ocean.

4.1836 – John Ericsson invented a screw propeller to replace paddle wheels.

Steamboats

Steam Engines1.By 1800, steam engines were replacing water wheels as sources of power for factories2.Factories relocated near raw materials, workers, and ports3.Cities grew around the factories built near central England’s coal and iron mines

a.Manchester, Liverpool

Development of Steam Engines 1.Early water power involved mills built over fast-moving streams and rivers

2.Early water power had problems

A. Not enough rivers to provide the power needed to meet growing demandB. Rivers and streams might be far removed from raw materials, workers, and marketsC. Rivers are prone to flooding and drying

The spinning jenny is attributed to James Hargreaves. They were usually sent to London to be printed.At the time, cotton production could not keep up with demand, and Hargreaves spent some time considering how to improve the process. The flying shuttle had increased yarn demand by the weavers by doubling their productivity, and now the spinning jenny could supply that demand by increasing the spinners' productivity even more. The machine produced coarse thread.

flying shuttle

1.Coal production doubled6 million to 12 million tons.

2.Pig iron production increased 250%

1800 – 130,000 tons.

3.Great Britain produced as much coal and iron as every other country combined.

Increases in Coal and Iron Production, 1770-1800

Along with the working classes, businesspeople gained political rights

“Captains of industry” or “robber barons” – along with financiers

Wealth brought political influence

Political Changes:Rise to Power of Businesspeople

Development of the Domestic System of Production

1.Domestic system developed in England2.Late 1600s-late 1800s3.Domestic system of production – “putting out” system

A .Businesspeople delivered raw materials to workers’ homesB .Workers manufactured goods from these raw materials in their homes (typically articles of clothing)C .Businesspeople picked up finished goods and paid workers wages based on number of items

4.Domestic system could not keep up with demand

England’s Resources: Raw Materials

1.England itself possessed the necessary raw materials to create the means of production

2.Coal – vast coal reserves powered steam engines

3.Iron – basic building block of large machines, railroad tracks, trains, and ships

Richard Arkwright (English)

Water frame, 1769 Water-powered spinning machine that was too large for use in a home – led to the creation of factories

James Hargreaves (English)Spinning jenny,

1765Home-based machine that spun thread 8 times faster than when spun

by hand

John Kay (English)Flying shuttle,

1733 Hand-operated machine which increased the speed of weaving

The Birth and Growth of the Textile Industry

Background of the Industrial Revolution

Commercial RevolutionA. 15th, 16th, and 17th centuriesB. Europeans expanded their power worldwideC. Increased geographic knowledgeD. Colonies in the Americas and AsiaE. Increased trade and commerceF. Guild system could not meet the demands of increasing numbers goods

England’s Resources: Workers

1.Serfdom and guilds ended earlier in England than other countries

2.English people could freely travel from the countryside to the cities

3.Enclosure Acts – caused many small farmers to lose their lands, and these former farmers increased the labor supply

Flow chart of industrial revolution

Result if industrial revolution

Economic changes: (i)Expansion of world trade, (ii) Mass production of goods

(iii)Unemployment (iv) Industrial capitalism

Political changes:(i) Decline of world aristocracy,(ii)Growth and expansion of

democracy ,(iii)Increased power of industrialized nation,(iv)Rise to power

business people

Social changes:(i) Increase in leisure time,(ii) Population increased,(iii) Science

and Research stimulated,(iv) Problems

Thank youThe end

PRESENTED BY S.SWASHIKHA X STD