Industrial revolution
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Transcript of Industrial revolution
traditional modern
Labor-intensiveCapital
intensive
New forms of power, particularly machines, replaced animal strength and
human muscle.
1. M I L __S
2. E D M U N D C __ R T __ R I G H T
3. ELI __ H I T N E __
4. B __S S E M E __ P __ O C E __ S5. M A __ A D A __ I Z A __ I O N
6. S __ E A M B __ A T
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Technological Innovations
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Refers to the social
and economic changes
that led to the
transition from
agricultural and
commercial society to a
modern industrial
one.
Remarkable change in man’s life caused by
the replacement
of hand labor by machine
work.
The Industrial Revolution began in
England in the middle of the 18th century.
Why the industrial revolution began in England?
Reasons why industrial revolution began in England.
Labor supply
Natural Resourc
es
Investment
capital
Entrepreneurs
Transportation
Markets
LABOR SUPPY
England had
many skilled
artisans,
including those
who had fled
Germany,
Belgium,
Holland, and
France
especially
during the era
of religious
persecution.
NATURAL RESOURCES
Britain had large
resources of coal and iron ore. From its
colonies Britain
obtained other
resources.
INVESTMENT CAPITAL
Britain had capital available for investing in new industries.
Funds came from wealthy landowners and from merchants
who had grown rich through trade.
ENTREPRENEUR
Britain had energetic and
daring entrepreneurs. People who
organized and managed
businesses
TRANSPORTATION
Britain had many fine harbors as well an extensive canal
system.
It was far cheaper to transport heavy goods by water than by
land.
MARKETS
Great Britain and its
colonies overseas
provided a good market for the sale
of manufacture
d goods.
INVENTION OF MACHINES FOR SPINNING AND WEAVING
The weaving
of threads
into cloth.
In the making
of cloth ,
two processes were employe
d:
The spinning of
threads into cloth.
John Kay( 1733)
Invented the “flying shuttle” which doubled the
speed of weaving cloth
An English
watchmaker
JAMES HARGREAVES(1767)
An English carpenter
invented the spinning jenny named after
his wife jenny, which could
spin 80 threads at one
time.
RICHARD ARKWRIGHT(1771)
A poor English barber,
invented the
water frame by adding
the “spinning jenny”
EDMUND CARTWRIGHT
An Anglican clergy man, invented the power loom which
quickened the process of weaving.
Eli whitney(1793)
This machine made possible an adequate supply of American cotton for England’s mills, for it speeded up the removal of seeds from the cotton
NEW SOURCES OF POWER
All the machines which
had been invented were operated by water power.
The factories
called “mills” were
established only near a rapid
stream or waterfall.
JAMES WATT(1769)
A Scottish
engineer
who
improved
the steam
engine that
had been
invented by
Thomas
New
Comen.
STEAM ENGINE
Watt’s steam engine supplied
most of the power to run industries in
England and in other countries in
Europe.
SAFETY LAMP(1816)
Renowned British chemist, best known for his experiments in electrochemistry and for his invention of a miner's safety lamp.
This saved thousands of lives of
miners who might have been killed
through explosions of deadly gases in the coal mines.
Sir humphrey Davy
ELECTRIC DYNAMO(1831)
MICHAEL FARADAY- an English scientist who
contributed to the fields of
electromagnetism and electrochemistry.
Electric dynamo used to
run machinery
POWER PLANT
an industrial facility for the generation of electric power.
First harnessed in a super-powerful bomb that
destroyed the Japanese city of Hirosima
NEW METAL FOR INDUSTRIES
BESSEMER PROCESSHENRY BESSEMER
British inventor, born in Charlton, Hertfordshire, England, and largely self-educated. Removing impurities from iron and making
it hard.
The refined iron is called “STEEL”
ALLOY( 19TH CENTURY
Mixture of manganese, tungsten and steel to make a finer and lighter, yet strong.
This alloy have been used in making airplanes, automobiles, refrigerators and precision tools.
MACADAMIZED ROAD
One effect of the Industrial revolution was the improvement oftransportation.A macadamized road is one which is reinforcedby a layer of clay and gravel.John L. McAdam- a Scottish
engineer, used a new method in building roads.
Macadamized road
Asphalt road
Concrete road
CANALS Aside from roads, canals were built
to facilitate the flow of trade. Many inland canals were dug in
Europe and America. In 1825, the Erie Canal which
connects the Great Lakes and the Hudson River was completed.
ERIE CANAL(1825)
TWO GREAT CANALS
Suez Canal(1869) Panama canal(1914)
Suez Canal -connecting the
Red Sea and the
Mediterranean
The Panama canal connects two
oceans- The Pacific and the Atlantic
Ocean
CLERMONT(STEAMBOAT(1807))
Robert Fulton invented the first steamboat
Clermont successfully sailed by means of steam
power along the Hudson River from
New York to Albany in 32 hrs..
SAVANNAH(1819)The Savannah
crossed the Atlantic in 29 days using
part steam and part sail.
GREAT WESTERN- crossed the Atlantic in
15days using the steam power throughout the
whole trip.
ROCKET(1814)
George Stephenson- invented the first steam locomotive.
He used it in 1825 on the
Stockton(California) and Darlington
Railroad.
The first railroad in the
world.
Gottlieb Daimler(1883)
German engineer and inventor, born in Schorndorf, Württemberg.
invented the first gasoline engine.
RUDOLF DIESEL(1897)
German inventor of diesel engine, using crude oil.
This engine, which is cheaper to operate than gasoline-powered machine. Used in automobiles, trains, ships, and factories.
HAROLD FORD(1902)
A former bicycle mechanic, who founded the FORD MOTOR COMPANY IN 1902.
American industrialist, best known for his pioneering achievements in the automobile industry.
CHARLES GOODYEAR (1839)
The discovery of rubber vulcanization in 1839 contributed to the rise of the automobile industry.
MONTGOLFIER BROTHERS
The Montgolfier brothers( French) sent up the first balloon on July 5,
1783
WRIGHT BROTHERS
Wilbur WrightOrville Wright
They invented the first airplane and flew it successfully on December 1903 in Kitty Hawk, North Caroline.
COUNT ZEPPELIN(1900)
Invented a cigar-shaped ballon, named after him. During World War (1914-1918), huge Zeppelins
bombed London, and the airplanes of the
combatants fought inthe skies.
REVOLUTION IN COMMUNICATION
Better means of communication
developed as a result of the Industrial
Revolution.
SAMUEL Finley Breese MORSE(1832)
An American who Invented
the first telegraph.
On May 24, 1844, he sent the first
telegraph message from Washington to
Baltimore
CYRUS W. FIELD( 1844)
A New York merchant, succeeded in laying the first underwater submarine telegraph cable across the Atlantic
ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL
A Scot-born American, invented the telephone.
GUGLIELMO MARCONI (1894)
An Italian who invented the wireless telegraphy.
Futher improvement in communications has been realized with the marvelous growth of the:
- newspaper due to the invention of linotype machine
Rotary press teletype
THE AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION
The Agricultural Revolution started in England. In order to increase agricultural production, farmers
had to adopt scientific methods of cultivation and to use
farm machinery.
JETHRO TULL( 1674-1740)
An English country gentleman invented the “SEED DRILL”
A farm machine that plants seeds in
spacious rows to insure better cultivation
VISCOUNT CHARLES TOWNSEND(1674-1738)
An English, A friend of Jethro Tull and a worked out an efficient system of crop rotation.
He doubled the yield perHectare of the farm by growing different crops Alternatively.
ROBERT BAKEWELL(1725-95)
An Englishman who introduced the scientific breeding of animals.
He discovered that the quality of cattle, horses,
and sheep, could be improved by the
selection breeding.
LUTHER BURBANK(1849-1924)
Luther Burbank, an American botanist, horticulturist, and plant breeding pioneer of the late 1800s, developed improved techniques for plant propagation . His work resulted in the creation of new varieties of vegetables, fruits,
and ornamental plants.
Cyrus Hall McCormick
Inventor Cyrus McCormick introduced the horse-drawn reaper in 1831..
The reaper allowed the average farmer to harvest his crops five times faster than before.
JUSTUS VON LIEBIG(1840)
He introduced the artificial fertilization.
German chemist and educator, known for his skill in experimentation. He proved that by adding certain
chemicals, such as potash, nitrogen, and phosphorus to the soil, its fertility
could be restored or increased.
GEORGE WASHINGTON CARVER
Born to slave parents, George Washington Carver became an internationally respected agricultural scientist.
He is known primarily for developing industrial and commercial uses for peanuts, soy beans, and sweet potatoes.
THOMAS A. EDISON(1847-1931)
The greatest American inventor, produced more than 1000 inventions.
PHOTOGRAPH(1878)ELECTRIC LIGHT BULB(1879)MOVIES OR MOTION
PICTURES( 1893)
ANDRE-JACQUES GARNERIN
He invented the parachute(1797))
RENE LAENEC (French-1819)- Stethoscope
Louis Daguerre(French-1839)- Photography
Elias Howe(American- Sewing machine
J. E. Lundstrom( Swede-1855)- Safety match
Christopher Sholes(American-1868)-
TypewriterLewis Waterman(American-1884)-
fountain pen
William Barrows( American-1885) adding machine
George Eastman( American-1888)- camera
Lee de Forest(American-1906)-radio telephone
Goerges Claude( French-1915)-neon lamp
John L. Baird( Scottish-1926)-television
Howard Aiken(American-1937)- electric computer
Chester Carlson( American-1937)- xerography
Axel L. Wenner- Gren (Swede-1946)-monorail
ECONOMIC RESULTS OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Expansion of industry Increase of commerce and trade Growth of population Rise of cities Greater comforts and higher
standard of living Division of labor Increase of wealth
NEGATIVE RESULTS OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
1. Ruin of the domestic system, causing the disappearance of small independent working classes.
2. Rise of the factory system which has led to the exploitation of the workingmen.
3. growth of cities and decadence of rural communities.
4. child and woman labor 5. Unemployment of workers 6. concentration of wealth in the hands of a few
capitalists 7. bitter class war between labor and capital.
POLITICAL RESULTS OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
1. Industrial revolution, by means of the railway, steamboat, telegraph, and newspaper, fostered nationalism, for it helped people within a country know one another.
2. The Industrial Revolution intensified internationalism.
- the new means of of transportation and communication broke down the barriers of misunderstanding among nations.