Industrial Internship Report

HOST COMPANY:

PETRONAS CARIGALI SDN. BHD.

SABAH OPERATION

PROJECT TITLE:

GAS LIFT VALVE CHANGE USING SLICKLINE FOR

SELECTED SUMANDAK FIELD

Name : MUHAMMAD HAIRI B MURSALIM

ID Number : 14545

Course : PETROLEUM ENGINEERING

HC SV : M NORHAFIFI B BOHRO

UTP SV : A/P DR. MUHANNAD TALIB SHUKER

ICB 3047: STUDENT INDUSTRIAL PROJECT (SIP)

JANUARY 2013 SEMESTER

20th JANUARY – 30th APRIL 2014

STUDENT INDUSTRIAL PROJECT REPORT

i

VERIFICATION STATEMENT

I hereby verify that this report was written by

Muhammad Hairi B Mursalim

(I/C No: 920406125017)

and all information regarding this company are NOT Confidential.

Host Company Supervisor’s

Signature & Stamp:

Name: M Norhafifi B Bohro

Designation: Well Intervention Engineer

Host Company: Petronas Carigali Sdn Bhd Sabah

Operation (PCSB-SBO)

Date: 8th April 2014


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all, I would like to express my gratitude to Almighty God, Allah S.W.T. that

because of the grace and strength that been given to me to undergo and finish the first

phase of my industrial training with ease at PETRONAS Carigali Sdn. Bhd. Sabah

Operation (PCSB - SBO).

I wish to express my sincere gratitude to the host company, PETRONAS Carigali Sdn

Bhd Sabah Operation (PCSB-SBO) for giving me the opportunities to undergo my

internship training with the company. I would like to say thank you to host company

that have given me this magnificent opportunities. Also, a million thanks to Mr. M

Faizal M Sulaiman, Well Intervention Manager, my industrial training supervisor, Mr

M Norhafifi Bohro, and Mr. M Azza Zaini, Well Integrity Engineer, for their

continuous effort, great supervision and guidance throughout this whole process of my

internship.

This gratitude also goes to all those involve directly and indirectly towards the entire

process:

SWI Engineers

All SWI staff

Service Provider Engineers

Fellow trainees in PETRONAS Carigali Sdn Bhd

Lastly to my beloved parents and family for giving me moral supports and full

attention when needed the most.


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TABLE OF CONTENT

No Content Page

VERIFICATION STATEMENT i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ii

LIST OF FIGURES & TABLES v

ABSTRACT 1

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Objectives

1.2 Scope of Study

1.3 Problem Statement

1.4 The relevancy of the project

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3

4

5

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2.0 BACKGROUND AND LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Critical Analysis Literature

- Gas Lift Principles

- Sumandak Field Background

- Type of Gas Lift Valve

- Slickline

2.2 Feasibility of the Project within the Scope and Time Frame

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3.0 METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research Methodology

3.2 Key Milestone

3.3 Gantt Chart

3.4 Tools Required

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19

20

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4.0 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Findings

4.2 Data Gathering/ Data Analysis

4.3 Experimentation/ Modelling/ Prototype/ Project Deliverables

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33

5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

6.1 Impact

6.3 Suggested Future Work for Expansion and Continuation

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6.0 SAFETY TRAINING AND VALUE OF THE PRACTICAL

EXPERIENCES

6.1 Lesson Learnt and Experience gained

6.1.1 PCSB-SBO Sabah Well Intervention

6.1.2 Young Professional Club

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36

41


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6.1.3 Communication Skills

6.2 Leadership, Team Work and Individual Skills

6.2.1 Sabah Well Intervention Away Day

6.2.2 Initiative

6.2.3 Teamwork

6.3 Business values, ethics, and management skills

6.4 Problems or challenges faced and solutions to overcome them

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46

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7.0 REFERENCES 52

8.0 APPENDICES 53


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LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES

No. Description Page

1. Dummy Gas Lift Valve 2

2. Configuration of typical gas lift well 6

3. Unloading Sequences 7-10

4. Unloader Valve type IPO 12

5. Unloader Valve type PPO 13

6. Operating Valve type Orifice 14

7. Dummy Valve 14

8. Winch Unit 15

9. Power Pack 15

10. Gantt chart 20

11. Drift 21

12. LIB 21

13. Kick-over Tool 22

14. Current vs. Proposed GLV Configuration for A01 23

15. Current vs. Proposed GLV Configuration for A08 24

16. Well Intervention History for SUDP A01 25

17. Well Intervention History for SUDP A08 26

18. Xmas and Wellhead valves status for SUDP A01 26

19. Xmas and Wellhead valves status for SUDP A08 26

20. Toolstring Configuration 27

21. Current Gas Lift Configuration for A01 28

22. Current Gas Lift Configuration for A08 28

23. Proposed Gas Lift Configuration for A01 29

24. Proposed Gas Lift Configuration for A08 29

25. Brief procedure on how to install Gas Lift Valve in SPM. 30

26. Example of well schematic diagram 31

27. Screen shot of Peer Review slide 33

28. Screen shot of NOWIP 33

29. Deleum Training Well 38

30. Kick-Over Tool that is use to set and retrieve gas lift valve 38

31. Performing Practical Exam 39

32. Pump that used during greasing and sealing 39

33. SWI Away Day 43

34. My Colleagues and I with the Expert Trainer at LGAST 44


1

Abstract

Gas lifting is the most selected method for production enhancement purpose in Sabah

Operations due to huge amount of gas source is available for utilization. However,

maximum potential production of well SUDP-A01 and SUDP-A08 cannot be achieved

due to poor design of gas lift valve configuration of the wells.

Due to the problem stated, further analysis was carried out to design the gas lift

configuration and executing the Gas Lift Valve Change (GLVC) job using one of the

wireline type, called Slickline in order to enhance the production of the well by

accommodating new gas lift optimization.

This paper will explain detail theoretical and practical procedures of GLVC job and

how new gas lift configuration can maximize the maximum potential of the wells

producing oil.


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Gas Lift Valve Change

Chapter 1: Introduction

Gas lift is a method of artificial lift that uses an external source of high-

pressure gas for supplementing formation gas to lift the well fluids. The principle of

gas lift is that gas injected into the tubing reduces the density of the fluids in the

tubing, and the bubbles have a “scrubbing” action on the liquids. Both factors act to

lower the flowing bottomhole pressure (BHP) at the bottom of the tubing.

Gas lift technology increases oil production rate by injection of compressed

gas into the lower section of tubing through the casing–tubing annulus and an orifice

installed in the tubing string. Upon entering the tubing, the compressed gas affects

liquid flow in two ways: (a) the energy of expansion propels (pushes) the oil to the

surface and (b) the gas aerates the oil so that the effective density of the fluid is less

and, thus, easier to get to the surface. There are four

categories of wells in which a gas lift can be considered:

a) High productivity index (PI), high bottom hole

pressure (BHP) wells.

b) High PI, low BHP wells.

c) Low PI, high BHP wells.

d) Low PI, low BHP wells

Wells having a PI of 0.50 or less are classified as

low productivity wells. Wells having a PI greater than 0.50

are classified as high productivity wells. High bottom-hole

pressures will support a fluid column equal to 70% of the

well depth. Low bottom-hole pressures will support a fluid

column less than 40% of the well depth.

Gas lift technology has been widely used in the oil

fields that produce sandy and gassy oils. Crooked/deviated

holes present no problem. Well depth is not a limitation. It

is also applicable to offshore operations. Lifting costs for a

large number of wells are generally very low. However, it Figure 1: Dummy Gas

Lift Valve


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requires lift gas within or near the oil fields. It is usually not efficient in lifting small

fields with a small number of wells if gas compression equipment is required. Gas lift

advancements in pressure control and automation systems have enabled the

optimization of individual wells and gas lift systems.

As I am attached to Well Intervention department which doing well service

maintenances using wireline, one of the intervention job that this department do is Gas

Lift Valve Change (GLVC) using slickline. Therefore, I decided to take gas lift valve

change as my project title because it is related to what I have learnt back in university.

Also, I have attended slickline training which one of the course covered was on how

to carry out gas lift valve change.

This GLVC project focus on two wells in Sumandak fields, which are

Sumandak drilling platform (SUDP) A01 and SUDP A08. Both of the well are

currently in production without gas lift valve.

1.1 Objectives

The objectives of this Gas Lift Valve Change project study includes:

1. To perform GLVC at SUDP-A01 and SUDP-A08 to accommodate new gas

lift optimization.

2. To obtain instantaneous production gain and bean up to its potential,

subject to reservoir pressure respond.

3. To study the effect of new gas lift valve configuration to the oil production

of the well.


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1.2 Scope of Study

The scope of the project study will consist of:

1. Well information.

This project will study on the detailed information of the well which

consists of the X-mas tree and wellhead valves current pressure, the well

maximum deviation, tubing and casing head pressure and also the flowing

status of the well.

2. Type of gas lift valve that are installed.

There are three types of gas lift valve that is used in this project which are

dummy valve, orifice valve and unloader valve. The type of gas lift valve

used is being study to get more information on the function of each gas

lift valve.

3. Completion schematic diagram.

The need to study the completion schematic diagram for both well is to

know the completion accessories that has been installed and the depth of

each completion accessories to ease the well intervention process in the

future.

4. Well intervention history of the well.

The history is focusing on the past well intervention job that has been

performed on the well including the depth of restriction (if exist) that can

prevent smooth run of slickline in the tubing.

5. Tools, equipment and procedure for GLVC.

This project also will study on the tools and equipment that will use to

perform GLVC and the detail procedure on how to carry out gas lift valve

change.


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1.3 Problem Statement

The idea of the project is basically to increase the production of the wells, because

based on the reservoir pressure respond, the wells can maximize its production by

changing the configuration of the gas lift valve in an easy way and cost effective.

Since the reservoir pressure is declining with time, then there is a need to

accommodate the well with new gas lift design to increase the rate of production.

1.4 The Relevancy of the Project

Gas lift valve change need to be done at:

a) SUDP A01: To improve production by injecting gas through orifice at the

second side pocket mandrel. This is due to the high THP (400 psi) and high

operating pressure of the current setting (980 psi at first GLM) making

impossible for the gas to enter the tubing.

b) SUDP A08: to improve production by injecting gas through orifice at 3rd

mandrel. The well is currently flowing without gas lift.


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CHAPTER 2: BACKGROUND AND LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Critical Analysis Literature

A complete gas lift system consists of a gas compression station, a gas injection

manifold with injection chokes and time cycle surface controllers, and a tubing string

with installations of unloading valves and operating valve, and a down-hole chamber.

Figure 2 depicts a configuration of a gas-lifted well with installations of unloading

valves and operating valve on the tubing string. The concept are:

1. High pressure gas injected into fluid column to reduce fluid column density

(lighten up the fluid column) in order to increase the drawdown for optimum

well production.

2. Gas injected into fluid column through gas lift valve that being installed at

Side Pocket Mandrel (SPM).

3. Gas supplied injected to production casing and control from surface.

There are four principal advantages to be gained by the use of multiple valves in a

well:

Figure 2: Configuration of

typical gas lift well


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1. Deeper gas injection depths can be achieved by using valves for wells with

fixed surface injection pressures.

2. Variation in the well’s productivity can be obtained by selectively injecting

gas valves set at depths higher or lower in the tubing string.

3. Gas volumes injected into the well can be metered into the well by the valves.

4. Intermittent gas injection at progressively deeper set valves can be carried out

to kick off a well to either continuous or intermittent flow.

Detailed mechanism of Gas Lift Valve unloading sequences:

1. The fluid level in the casing and tubing is at surface. No gas is being injected

into the casing and no fluid is being produced. All gas lift valves are open.

The pressure to open the valves is provided by the weight of the fluid in the

casing and the tubing.

2. Note that the fluid level in the tubing and casing will be determined by the

shut in bottom hole pressure (SIBHP) and the hydrostatic head or weight of

the column of fluid is in turn determined by the density.

Figure 3(a): Unloading sequence


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3. Gas injection into the casing has begun. Fluid is U-tubed through all the open

gas lift valves. No formation fluids are being produced because the pressure

in the wellbore at perforation depth is greater than the reservoir pressure.

4. The fluid level has been unloaded to the top gas lift valve. This aerates the

fluid above the top gas lift valve, decreasing the fluid density. This reduces

the pressure in the tubing at the top gas lift valve, and also at all valves below

the top valve. If this reduction pressure is sufficient to give some drawdown

at the perforation then the well will start to produce formation fluid.

Figure 3(b): Unloading sequence

Figure 3(c): Unloading sequence


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5. The fluid level in the casing has been lowered to a point below the second gas

lift valve. The top two gas lift valves are open and gas being injected through

both valves. The tubing has now been unloaded sufficiently to reduce the

flowing bottom hole pressure (FBHP) below that of the SIBHP this gives a

differential pressure from the reservoir to the wellbore producing a flow of

formation fluid.

6. Valve No. 1 is closed now due to the reduction pressure in the casing. The

No. 3 valve has now been uncovered. Valves 2 and 3 are both open and

passing gas. Note that the deeper the point of injection, the lower the FBHP

and thus greater drawdown on the well, then the greater the production rate.

Figure 3(d): Unloading sequence

Figure 3(e): Unloading sequence


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7. The No. 2 is now closed. Valve 3 is the operating valve in this example. This

is because the ability of the reservoir to produce fluid matches the ability of

the tubing to remove fluids (Inflow/Outflow Performance). The operating

valve can either be an orifice valve or gas lift valve. The valve in mandrel no.

4 will remain submerge unless operating conditions or reservoir condition

changes.

Figure 3(f): Unloading sequence


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Sumandak Field Background

In general, Sumandak area consist of 5 fields which are Sumandak Main, Sumandak

Tengah, Sumandak Selatan, Sumandak Ujong and Sumandak Tepi. Sumandak-A

(SUDP-A) platform was successfully installed at location on October 2006. SUDP-A

field development project has opted for open hole completion for all of the 21 wells.

This completion system was deployed to 14 oil producers (OP), 2 water injectors (WI)

, 1 gas well and 4 combination wells of OP and WI (Kumar, Sapian, Salmi, 2009).

Sumandak Drilling Platform A01:

SUDP A01 completed on 30 November 2006. The well is a single completion oil

producer with total depth of 5398 ftMDDF. The well has five side pocket mandrel,

which slotted with unloader valve at the first 4 mandrel and 1 orifice at the last

mandrel. Maximum deviation of the well is 45.5o. The well is currently in production

without gas lift supply.

Sumandak Drilling Platform A08:

SUDP A08 completed on 18 May 2007 with single completion oil producer. The total

depth of the well is 4495ftMDDF, complete with sand screen and five side pocket

mandrel. The mandrel initially slotted with unloader valve at the first 4 mandrel and

orifice for the last mandrel. The well also flowing without gas lift supply.


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Type of Gas Lift Valve

1. Unloading Valve: Injection Pressure Operated (IPO)

Figure 4: Unloader Valve type IPO

The opening/closing of the valve are controlled by the injection pressure to

the casing. Then, the casing pressure will exerted to the bellow while the

tubing pressure will exerted to the ball. The pros and cons of an IPO are:

Pros:

a) Better gas lift control - less sensitive to well heading problems

b) Suitable for high rate applications as valves can be designed for high

throughput

c) Fewer mandrels and valves are required

d) Most commonly used valve in the industry

Cons:

a) Higher injection pressure required to achieve same injection depth as

a PPO valve

b) Stable injection gas pressure is required


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2. Unloading Valve: Production Pressure Operated (PPO)

Figure 5: Unloader Valve type PPO

The opening and closing of the valve is controlled by the fluid pressure from the

tubing. The casing pressure is exerted to ball while casing pressure is exerted to

bellow. The pros and cons of a PPO are:

Pros:

a) Deeper injection achievable for a given injection pressure

b) In dual completions the use of PPO’S minimises string interference

c) Not greatly influenced by fluctuations in casing pressure.

Cons:

a) Closer valve spacing is generally required

b) Well Performance must be known accurately

c) Generally only applicable to stable wells

d) Gas throughput can be constrained and valve behaviour can be affected

by small port size. Particularly for smaller valves (1” or less)


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e) It is often difficult to determine whether production anomalies are a result

of inflow/tubing behaviour or valve malfunction.

3. Operating Valve: Orifice

Function of orifice valve is to provide opening for gas from casing to tubing.

Orifice valve also act as an operation valve or point of injection. The orifice

is open for continuous injection.

4. Dummy Valve

Dummy valve is use to plug and protect the side pocket mandrel. It also

prevent tubing and casing communication.

Figure 6: Operating Valve

type Orifice

Figure 7: Dummy Valve


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Slickline

Slickline refers to a single strand wire which is used to run tools into wellbore

for several purposes. Slickline looks like a long, smooth, unbraided wire, often shiny,

silver/chrome in appearance. It comes in varying lengths, according to the depth of

wells in the area it is used (it can be ordered to specification) up to 35,000 feet in

length. It is used to lower and raise downhole tools used in oil and gas well

maintenance to the appropriate depth of the drilled well.

Slickline is more commonly used in production tubing. The wireline operator

monitors at surface the slickline tension via a weight indicator gauge and the depth

via a depth counter 'zeroed' from surface, lowers the downhole tool to the proper

depth, completes the job by manipulating the downhole tool mechanically, checks to

make sure it worked if possible, and pulls the tool back out by winding the slickline

back onto the drum it was spooled from. The slickline drum is controlled by a

hydraulic pump, which in turn is controlled by the 'slickline operator'. (Wikipedia,

2014)

Slickline unit usually consist of winch unit, power pack, lubricator, blow-out

preventer, stuffing box and downhole toolstring.

Figure 8:

Winch unit

Figure 9:

Power pack


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Slickline usually use for intervention job which consists of:

a) Routine valve change (RVC): To retrieve and set wireline retrievable surface

control sub-surface safety valve (WRSCSSV) for RVC job.

b) Gas lift valve change (GLVC): To retrieve and install gas lift valve at side

pocket mandrel.

c) Set/retrieve plug: Plug which act as a downhole barriers.

d) Open/close SSD: To change producing zone or zonal isolation.

e) Static/Flowing gradient survey: To perform bottomhole pressure survey.

f) Fishing: To release downhole tool stuck.

A continuous gas lift operation is a steady-state flow of the aerated fluid from the

bottom (or near bottom) of the well to the surface. Intermittent gas lift operation is

characterized by a start-and-stop flow from the bottom (or near bottom) of the well to

the surface. This is unsteady state flow. In continuous gas lift, a small volume of high-

pressure gas is introduced into the tubing to aerate or lighten the fluid column. This

allows the flowing bottom-hole pressure with the aid of the expanding injection gas to

deliver liquid to the surface. To accomplish this efficiently, it is desirable to design a

system that will permit injection through a single valve at the greatest depth possible

with the available injection pressure.

Continuous gas lift method is used in wells with a high PI (>0.5 stb/day/psi)

and a reasonably high reservoir pressure relative to well depth. Intermittent gas lift

method is suitable to wells with (1) high PI and low reservoir pressure or (2) low PI

and low reservoir pressure. The type of gas lift operation used, continuous or

intermittent, is also governed by the volume of fluids to be produced, the available lift

gas as to both volume and pressure, and the well reservoir’s conditions such as the case

when the high instantaneous BHP drawdown encountered with intermittent flow

would cause excessive sand production, or coning, and/or gas into the wellbore.


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2.2 Feasibility of the Project within the Scope and Time Frame

Analysis the feasibility in writing the project report is crucial because it determine

whether the student can proceed with the propose project or not. Student have to

think of all possibility that the project can go wrong from time constraint, student

knowledge and resources.

The assumption of this project is to create a project report using all the resources

time and knowledge available of the student and also with the guidance of host

company supervisor and all SWI staff guiding the student for this project.

The project is not entirely focused on Petroleum Engineering background, it also

involves a bit about Mechanical Engineering background. For a future Petroleum

Engineer, student will find this project very helpful for his career. Hence, it can be

concluded that the project is feasible within the scope of an engineering background,

and the time frame allocated is possible to finish up the entire project.


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CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research Methodology

Planning

• In this stage, all data that are need to initiate the project report are gathered. The data are including knowledge about the gas lift valve change and slickline operation. Also, studying the well history should included in the planning section.

Execution

• For the execution stage, all the knowledge about gas lift valve change and the slickline operation are being applied in the slickline training that the student attended.

Close-out

• All the data gathered from planning stage, experience from the execution stage and result analysis of the project are being compiled for writing project report and preparing for the final presentation.


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3.2 Key Milestone

3.2.1 Creating Problem Statement

As in any project that is going to be done, there is always a reason why

the project is proposed to be done. In this case, current gas lift valve

configuration cannot optimize the production rate of the well.

3.2.2 Planning of the Project

During the planning phase, determine the feasibility of the project from

time constraint, identifying problems, opportunities and objectives.

During this stage, student were preparing the Notice of Well

Intervention (NOWIP) paper where this paper consists of planning

procedure for the job execution. Other than that, creating Gantt chart as

a guidance in writing the project report.

3.3.3 Execution job

The execution phase usually comes after planning stage. During this

stage, student are attending the slickline training where in this training

provide the execution of gas lift valve change procedure.

3.3.4 Data Gathering and Analysis

After the execution job is done, then data gathering and analysis is

performed. In this stage, all result after the gas lift valve change are

being collected and make the analysis of the collected data.

3.3.5 Making a Conclusion

By using the data gathered and analysis that has been made, a

conclusion has been finalized and writing up project report. Also,

presentation are conducted in this stage


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3.3 Gantt Chart

Table 1: Gantt chart

No. Activities Week

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

1. Identifying and planning the project

2. Literature studies

-NOWIP and Peer Review Preparation

3. Training/Job execution

4. Data gathering and analysis

5. Project report

6. Academic visit


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Figure 10: Drift

Figure 11: LIB

3.4 Tools Required

The tools and equipment required prior to perform gas lift valve change are:

1. Slickline unit equipment

Winch unit

Power pack

Pressure control equipment (stuffing box and BOPs)

Downhole toolstring

2. Drift

Use to tag the fluid level in the tubing.

Use to check any restriction in the tubing.

3. Lead Impression Block (LIB)

To obtain a ‘picture’ of the downhole restriction.

4. Sand Bailer

To remove restriction that cause by sand.


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Figure 12: Kick-Over Tool

5. Gas lift valve catcher

A valve catcher should be set below the side pockets to ensure the

valves do not drop into the casing.

6. Kick-Over Tool

To align the valve or pulling tool above the latch.

7. GS Pulling Tool

To retrieve gas lift valve catcher.

Software

1. Microsoft Office (Word, Powerpoint)

Microsoft Word was use to preparing the NOWIP and also for writing this

project report. Microsoft Power Point was use to preparing the peer review

slides.

2. Peloton Wellview

Peloton Wellview was use to get the wellbore schematic diagram as well as the

well intervention history.


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CHAPTER 4: RESULT AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Findings

Before starting a wireline intervention, it is common practices for the production

technologist from Petroleum Engineering Division to propose and advise the

intervention engineer about the suitable job to be perform taking into factor of time,

environment, job scope and engineer’s ability to finish the job.

In this case, well SUDP-A01 and SUDP-A08 need to perform gas lift valve

change to accommodate a new gas lift optimization as per production technologist

suggestion to increase the production of the well. The proposed gas lift valve

configuration are:

(a) SUDP-A01

Mandrel Depth (ft) Current Proposed

1 1610 GLV (IPO) Dummy

2 2796 GLV (IPO) Orifice



5 4586 Orifice Dummy

Table 2: Current vs. Proposed GLV Configuration for A01

The design of the gas lift valve configuration for well SUDP A01 are due to certain

factors. First is due to high tubing head pressure (THP), which is 400 psi, and high

operating pressure of the current pressure setting for the unloader valve, which is 980

psi at the first mandrel, creating impossible situation for the gas to enter the tubing.

This is because the casing head pressure (CHP) vary from 750 to 850 psi, so the CHP

is not enough to open the unloader valve, thus the gas lift system is not working.


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Table 3: Current vs. Proposed GLV Configuration for A08

However, the well now is flowing without gas lift supply, which means the reservoir

pressure is still strong enough to push the fluid to the surface but with low production

rate. Therefore, the idea of changing the gas lift valve configuration is to maximizing

the production rate of the well by installing orifice valve at the second side pocket

mandrel and installing dummy valve at mandrel 1, 3, 4 and 5.

For well SUDP A08, the proposed of gas lift valve design are based on the

static gradient survey (SGS) data, which in this survey one can get fluid level in the

tubing, pressure and temperature of the borehole and estimated reservoir pressure for

the selected zone. Based on SGS results, the fluid level is on the first mandrel.

Therefore, there is a need to put unloader valve at the first mandrel followed by

orifice on the second mandrel so that the unloader can provide the opening during the

injection gas goes into the casing to the tubing, thus lighten the fluid column and

provide a continuous flow fluid to the surface.

(b) SUDP-A08

Mandrel Depth (ft) Current Proposed

1 1299 GLV (IPO) GLV (IPO)

2 2187 GLV (IPO) Orifice



5 3853 Orifice Dummy


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In order to know whether GLVC is suitable to be done is by analysing the well

intervention history of the well by focusing on fish left in the tubing, flowing status

of the well and the last well intervention job that has been done to the well. Other

than that, analysing well information and status also are some of the key point that

are necessary before performing any well intervention job by referring the last

Preventive Maintenance job (a wellhead and X-mas valves maintenance activity)

results.

Table 4: Well Intervention History for SUDP A01


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Table 5: Well Intervention History for SUDP A08

Table 6: Xmas and Wellhead valves status for SUDP A01

Table 7: Xmas and Wellhead valves status for SUDP A08


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4.2 Data Gathering and Analysis

As the principle of gas lift valve system are well explained in the

literature review section of this report, then it comes to the detailed procedure

on how to perform gas lift valve change. However, in order to perform GLVC,

there is a need to have certain analysis and data gathering to make a paper work

for proper planning. This paper work also known as Notice of Well

Intervention (NOWIP) where this paper work consist of the well background

and status, detailed procedure, wellbore schematic diagram, cost estimation,

planned day and risk and mitigation plan during carrying out GLVC.

Detailed Procedure for Gas Lift Valve Change

Pre-Operation:

1. Check and confirm the well status (Flowing/Closed-in)

2. Check integrity of X-mas tree swab valve and condition of SSV

3. Check integrity of all pressure holding equipment (lubricator stack and

stuffing box)

4. Check condition of wireline equipment (SWCP, power pack and reel

skid) and all high pressure hoses/connectors

5. Check condition of wireline piting, kinks and other

defromities/deterioration. Confirm the wire torsion, test if doubtful.

During Operation:

1. Prepare and obtain permit to work clearance, hang work notification on

Xmas tree at correct position and cordon-off work area.

2. Close-in the string

3. Transfer SCSSV/SSV control to SWCP. Rig up lubricator and toolstring

as per wireline operations standard on top of Xmas tree.

4. Check and ensure the TRSCSSV is in open position. Pressure test all BOP

and lubricator against CITHP for 5 minutes each prior to commence

operation.

5. Make up toolstring as per the following configuration:

Size Toolstring

1-7/8” Rope socket

1-7/8” X5 Stem

1-7/8” Knuckle joint

1-7/8” Hydraulic jar

1-7/8” Link jar

QLS

2.735” Drift

Table 8: Toolstring Configuration


28

Table 10: Current Gas Lift Configuration for A08

6. Run in hole toolstring down to XN-Nipple at (A01: 4704ft, A08: 4334ft)

and tag fluid level at (A01: 1100ft, A08: 2400ft)

7. Perform pressure balancing calculation as per procedure attached and

bleed off/top up tubing/casing pressure to achieve equalization as

required.

8. Run in hole 3” X-line c/w GLV catcher and install 3” GLV catcher at 1st

SSD (A01: 4667 ft, A08: 3934ft)

9. Run in hole 3” Kick-Over Tool OK6 or Merla c/w 1-1/4” JDS for top

latch or 1-1/4” JDC for bottom latch

For A01:

Table 9: Current Gas Lift Configuration for A01

For A08:

Mandrel Depth (ft) Current

1 1610 GLV (IPO)

2 2796 GLV (IPO)

3 3644 GLV (IPO)

4 4178 GLV (IPO)

5 4586 Orifice

Mandrel Depth (ft) Current

1 1299 GLV (IPO)

2 2187 GLV (IPO)

3 2817 GLV (IPO)

4 3336 GLV (IPO)

5 3853 Orifice


29

Table 11: Proposed Gas Lift Configuration for A01

Table 12: Proposed Gas Lift Configuration for A08

10. Run in hole 3” Kick-Over Tool OK6 or Merla connect with GA-2 for

bottom latch or JK for top latch to install gas lift valves as per table below:

For A01:

For A08:

Mandrel Depth (ft) New GLV

1 1299 GLV (IPO)

2 2187 Orifice

3 2817 Dummy

4 3336 Dummy

5 3853 Dummy

11. Run in hole 3” GS pulling tool to retrieve catcher at 1st SSD at (A01: 4667

ft, A08: 3934ft)

12. Observed and record CHP and THP. Rig down lubricator and toolstring. 13. Handover to operations to flow the string.

Mandrel Depth (ft) New GLV

1 1610 Dummy

2 2796 Orifice

3 3644 Dummy

4 4178 Dummy

5 4586 Dummy


30

Figure 13: Brief procedure on how to install Gas Lift Valve in SPM.


31

The well schematic diagram of each well to be performed are very important.

The schematic diagram are used as a reference of tubing accessories installed in the

tubing. Therefore, the information from the well schematic diagram will be used as a

references in performing the job based on the information that can be taken from the

diagram. Well schematic diagram can be get from a software called Peleton Wellview

software, where there will be some information about tubing accessories that has been

installed in the tubing and in the well, and there are also some history about job done

before in the well, besides providing the well schematic diagram of the well for both

long and short string.

Figure 14: Example of well schematic diagram


32

Based on the well test result that have been made to well SUDP A01 and A08,

they found that the oil production of both well are increasing. Current maximum

production of SUDP A01 is 1500 barrel oil per day (bopd), using the designated gas

lift configuration, which makes this well as the highest producer in Sumandak field.

While for SUDP A08, the current production of oil for this well is 300 bopd, which

also having additional gain from the previous production before gas lift valve change

were being performed.

As a conclusion, Gas Lift Valve Change (GLVC) can improve oil production

of a well by changing the configuration of the gas lift. Therefore, the objectives of this

project is achieved.


33

4.3 Experimentation/ Modelling/ Prototype / Project Deliverables

Figure 15: Screen shot of Peer Review slide

Figure 16: Screen shot of NOWIP


34

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 Impact and Relevancy to the Objectives

Maximizing the use of available natural energy from a reservoir is crucial to

any production installation. Gas Lift is an artificial lift process that closely

resembles the natural flow process and basically operates as an enhancement

or extension of that process. The only major requirement is an available and

economical supply of pressurized gas.

There are many advantages to using gas lift to produce your well. Gas lift is

very flexible to changes in production rates, water cut percentages, and gas

liquid ratios (GLRs). An abundance of existing gas in the formation can be

detrimental to other artificial lift methods such as sucker rod pumps and electric

submersible pumps, however an abundance of formation gas is an advantage

to any gas lift system (The more gas the formation produces means less gas is

needed for injection). Gas lift wells can be designed to accommodate almost

any production volume thus making it more flexible to changes in well

conditions throughout the entire life of the well. Initial cost of downhole

equipment in gas lift wells is much less than for other artificial lift methods.

The main advantages of gas lift are:

Very flexible to changes in well conditions and producing rates

Low downhole equipment costs

Not adversely affected by deviated or horizontal wellbores

Reduced production costs over other artificial lift methods

Long service life for downhole equipment due to relatively fewer

moving parts

Major equipment item (gas compressor) is installed at the surface

for easy maintenance

Ideally suited to supplement formation gas for artificially lifting

wells where moderate amounts of gas are present in the produced

fluid


35

From the assessment that has been done, it can be concluded that performing

gas lift valve change on well SUDP A01 and A08 can obtain instantaneous production

gain. Therefore, towards the end of the project, the project was a success and all of the

objectives were achieved.

5.2 Suggested Future Work for Expansion and Continuation

To perform FGS for future gas lift optimization- only conduct 1 FGS

instead of 2 for cost saving

Send the FGS data straight to town for gas lift design to optimize the well

entering

Good surveillance practices; close monitoring to operate efficiently on a

continuous basis.

Contractor should always check the tools condition before they run the job

Surveillance and control should be considered as an integral part of any gas

lift system. Good quality data is a prerequisite for an efficient gas lift

design. Gas lift systems should operate with minimum (practical) back

pressure at the wellhead.


36

CHAPTER 6: SAFETY TRAINING AND VALUES OF THE

PRACTICAL EXPERIENCES

6.1 Lesson Learnt and Experience Gained

I was attached to Sabah Well Intervention (SWI) in PETRONAS Sabah

Operation (PCSB-SBO). During the internship period under Sabah Well Intervention

(SWI) student was exposed and gained first-hand experience on how well intervention

process carried out from planning the job by doing the paper work, to the job execution

by attending the training provided. Students were also encouraged to get involved in

extracurricular activities organized by SWI and the Young Professional Club (YPC).

6.1.1 PCSB-SBO Sabah Well Intervention

During my attachment with Sabah Well Intervention as a trainee, a lot

of skill that I have the fortunate opportunity to develop from doing just a basic

general work of organizing file, using the computer based work such as

Microsoft Office and Excel, to managing and helping with some of the event

that was done by the Sabah Well Intervention department. Taking a simple

example of organizing a file, a lot of thought and process goes into your mind

in how to put away this file in an orderly manner that if I want to find it in the

future I would know where to look up with no problem at all. Other than that,

I also have the opportunity in sharpening my computer skill where I was

exposed to lot of paper work document using both Microsoft Office and Excel

as its prefer medium. From learning how to use “Vlook Up” and Filter

command in Microsoft excel to arranging simple page number in Words and

with the help of colleague and research from the internet, every task that was

given was done accordingly.

As a trainee in the in Sabah Well Intervention, where I been able to

work alongside manager, executive, non-executive, line trainers and also

engineers. So it has really widened my scope area of work as I’m not focusing

on one scope of work at a time. From this I have gain a lot of knowledge in

working in different field that I am used to and also meeting up with different

people of background where they have share their experience in the working

environment.


37

Some of the task that was given to me:

1. Updating daily operation report.

2. Analysing Non-Productive Time and prepare the slides.

3. Creating template and database for Cost Book.

4. Updating well schematic diagram and updating daily operation report in

WellView software; i.e. updating the gas lift valve configuration on the

tubing string.

5. Preparing on peer review for Corrective Maintenance job presentation slide

and presenting it.

6. Preparing paper work and peer review for job execution.

7. Updating well integrity database in IWIT, web-based software.

Other than that, I was very fortunate to attend slickline

training organized by Deleum, one of the service company

for PCSB-SBO which was held in Deleum Workshop,

Labuan. Slickline is a line that have no conductivity which

means it is an offline activity to retrieve and install

tubing’s accessories in the well. Usually slickline are used

for Tubing Clearance Check (TCC), Routine Valve

Change (RVC), Gas Lift Valve Change (GLVC), Set plug,

retrieve plug, open and close sliding side door (SSD),

Flowing Gradient Survey (FGS) and also Static Gradient

Survey (SGS). During the training, I was able to see the

type of profile in the tubing, the sub surface safety valve

(SSSV), gas lift valve, sliding side door, slickline equipment and the tool string.

Besides that, I was given chances to set the SSSV using slickline in the tubing

string since Deleum have their own training well which consist of wireline

deck, wellhead and a hundred feet borehole complete with tubing string and its

accessories. Even though I was not able to visit real platform at offshore, but

by attending this training I was able to experience the real situation that

happened on the offshore platform.


38

Figure 17: Deleum Training Well

Figure 18: Kick-Over Tool that is use to set and retrieve gas lift valve


39

Besides slickline training, I also had a chance to attend wellhead and Christmas

tree valve maintenance training which was organized by Essem Corporation

and was held at Essem Corporation workshop in Miri, Sarawak. Essem Corp.

is a company that providing maintenance on wellhead and Christmas tree

including the sub surface safety valve. This training was started with theoretical

lesson, which covered all aspect including surface wellhead system, casing

program, tubing and casing hanger. Also, this training provide hands on

preventive maintenance procedure which the participant were able to perform

wellhead valve lubrication and sealing processes by themselves and

performing critical device function test (CDFT). The wellhead training ends

with theoretical and practical exam.

Figure 19: Performing Practical Exam

Figure 20: Pump that used during greasing and sealing


40

Furthermore, I was very fortunate to attend Coiled Tubing lecture

conducted by Mr. Nabil, an operation engineer from Baker Hughes. In the oil

and gas industries, coiled tubing refers to metal piping, normally 1" to 3.25" in

diameter, used for interventions in oil and gas wells and sometimes as

production tubing in depleted gas wells, which comes spooled on a large reel.

Coiled tubing is often used to carry out operations similar to wirelining. The

main benefits over wireline are the ability to pump chemicals through the coil

and the ability to push it into the hole rather than relying on gravity. However,

for offshore operations, the 'footprint' for a coiled tubing operation is generally

larger than a wireline spread, which can limit the number of installations where

coiled tubing can be performed and make the operation more costly. A coiled

tubing operation is normally performed through the drilling derrick on the oil

platform, which is used to support the surface equipment, although on

platforms with no drilling facilities a self-supporting tower can be used instead.

The tool string at the bottom of the coil is often called the bottom hole

assembly (BHA). It can range from something as simple as a jetting nozzle, for

jobs involving pumping chemicals or cement through the coil, to a larger string

of logging tools, depending on the operations. Pumping through coiled tubing

can also be used for dispersing fluids to a specific location in the well such as

for cementing perforations or performing chemical washes of downhole

components such as sandscreens. In the former case, coiled tubing is

particularly advantageous compared to simply pumping the cement from

surface as allowing it to flow through the entire completion could potentially

damage important components, such as the downhole safety valve. Coiled

tubing umbilical technologies enable the deployment of complex pumps which

require multiple fluid strings on coiled tubing. In many cases, the use of coiled

tubing to deploy a complex pump can greatly reduce the cost of deployment by

eliminating the number of units on site during the deploy.


41

6.1.2 Young Professional Club (YPC)

YPC stand for Young Professional Club which is club under SBO.

Their main function was the responsibility to organize event and activities

outside of work environment. We as the internship student for SBO were

lucky enough to participate and work together in some of the event that was

organized by this club. From this club we were lucky enough to become a

committee in organizing the International Women’s Day in PETRONAS.

Here we learned how important teamwork is preparing for the best to make

the event success. So every detail of the play haves to be prepared within the

time given and it took a lot for patient and cooperation among the member to

successfully organizing the event. Hence, thru this club have given a lot of

experience in working in a team and getting first hand on the spirit of

teamwork in smoothly getting the task done.

6.1.3 Communication Skill

Communication is an essential skill in any organization, it shows how

competent we are in communicating with another person formally or informal.

Being in the Well Intervention Department really teach me to improve my

communication skill. For example, I have been assigned to prepare and

delivering Peer Review Presentation by one of the engineer in SWI. Peer

Review Presentation is a common practice that engineer need to do in SWI

prior to perform any job at the well, where this presentation much more like

proposing a new job to the well. The objective to perform the presentation is

more to a proper planning to the well, things need to be done during the job

and the risk behind it. So, I were assign to present on job to repair the Surface

Safety Valve (SSV) on well Sumandak-A10, which this job is categorized as

Corrective Maintenance job. From this presentation, besides learn on how to

repair a SSV, other engineers had teach me on how to prepare an effective

slides and arranging words by words that needs to be deliver, which can be

informative to the audience.


42

Moreover, during doing my routine works, sometimes I need to

communicate with the engineers to get some information regarding the works

given. For example, when doing the daily operation report that need to be send

to Drilling Division every day, I need to ask the engineer in charge for the field

that have production enhancement job to briefly explain what they have done

on the well and the next way forward of the job. Also, I will ask the Technical

Assistant in the department to update on overall integrity status of PCSB-SBO

strings. After collecting all the data needed, I will email the daily report to the

person in charge in Drilling Division of PETRONAS.

Besides that, I also volunteered to join a program conducted by Young

Professional Club (YPC) of PCSB-SBO, which this program objective was to

teach English subject to the primary school student. From this program, my

communication skills was improved as my confidence level to communicate in

English was improving too.

I was also have a chance to give a HSE Sharing Talk during the

department operation morning meeting. It is a routine to have a HSE sharing

talk moment before begin the meeting. Besides that, I also volunteered to

become committee in SPE Golf Tournament where we started with finding

participants as well as the sponsors to make the event become successful. Here,

I have to deal with the company’s person in charge asking for a collaboration

to make the SPE Golf Tournament a success event.

6.2 Leadership, Team Work and Individual Activities

Throughout my internship lesson at PETRONAS Carigali Sabah Operations, I have

learned on how it is important to have team work and leadership in everything that we

do especially when it comes to performing job related works. Without the spirit of

teamwork and leadership, there will be no a smooth planning of works. In a teamwork

environment, people understand and believe that thinking, planning, decisions and

actions are better when done cooperatively. Even, in my own department, Sabah Well

Intervention (SWI), there is always an effort to foster the teamwork and leadership

spirits in order to create a work culture that values collaboration and performances.


43

Figure 21: SWI Away Day

6.2.1 Sabah Well Intervention Away Day

This session was held at Raintree Beach Resort, Tuaran Sabah where

the main objectives is to get to know better and understanding of each staff in

Well Intervention department. The event was started with discussion on the

target performance that need to be achieve in the year of 2014. Then, the event

continued with team building session where we were divided into 5 groups and

many tasks was given which tested our physical and mental. From this session,

I have learn a lot of management skills, decision making and the most

important is teamwork, which must have in organization, no matter how high

is your position, you need to hear opinion from your teammates.

Other than that, our department also having a good time playing

paintball together which was held at Paintball Arena, Likas. We were divided

into teams of four, where each team have their own strategy to win the battle

and not forgotten, to have a safety measures during playing the games.


44

6.2.2 Initiative

Taking charge and making own decision is an important factor in an

organization as you will also not have someone to guide you with your own

task so you have taken the responsibilities and find your own initiative and

decision on order to get the task done. For example, collection of data where

the data will not always be with the same person in charge so you have find a

learned of some alternate solution prior the one that was given. You have to

think, ask and walk around finding the required data without burdening other

people. Here we can see the route that is taken is not by depending too much

on one person but find alternative plan and resources to finish the task.

During the morning meeting, if there were some terms that I do not

understand from the update, I will try to google the terms first or search in the

books, and I will only ask the engineers if still do not understand about the

terms. Sometimes, I seek assistance from the service provider engineers to

explain about the terms, job or procedures that I cannot understand by myself.

Also, I make initiative to visit the Labuan Gas Terminal (LGAST) with the

expert trainer of PCSB-SBO. The objective of the visit is to gain more

knowledge and experience at the site although it is not really related to well

intervention.

Figure 22: My Colleagues and I with the Expert Trainer at LGAST


45

6.2.3 Teamwork

Teamwork is work done by several associates with each doing a part

but all subordinating personal reputation to the efficiency of the whole. In

PETRONAS, where every project need to create a team to get it done teamwork

is very significant in making sure that the work is done easily and proficiently.

As an intern student we were expose to the working environment where

working as a group in supporting to get the jobs done effectively. From here,

we were visible to work with different background of employee from

executives, non-executives, engineers and technicians.

In SWI department, there will be a morning meeting conducted every

day. The meeting will start with HSE sharing by any attendees of the meeting.

Then, each engineers in charge will update any operations and integrity job that

has been done at their assigned field, well by well. If there any problem

regarding the jobs, the problem will try to be solved in the meeting by

discussing with the other engineers, technical experts and service providers

engineers. Any of the attendees are free to deliver their opinions about how to

solve the problems. If the problems cannot be solved in the meeting, the

engineers in charge of that particular field will having a brainstorming session

with the service provider engineers, technical expert and the technician at the

offshore.

In line with the practice, work as a team is crucial aspect in any

organizations. If the entire department plays their roles successfully, the

growth of the company will be improved because all the processes had been

completed effectively. In conclusion, team work is essential for the

development of the company.


46

6.4 Business Value, Ethics and Management Skills

As stated earlier, In order to achieve its PETRONAS vision PETRONAS Carigali

(PCSB) Sabah Operaration (SBO) is formed to operate oil and gas in the coast of

Sabah. In line with the vision SBO is one of the pillars that support the vision and

responsible to maximize venture profitable and reserves recovery while observing

good oil fields, business, and HSE practices. SBO contributes towards Carigali

business objectives, simultaneously helps to develop Carigali into fully competent oil

and gas company.

In PETRONAS Carigali Sabah Operations, a high management skill is required for

any sort of task to be done. The company priorities the value of time and therefore

encourage punctuality. This applied every monthly meeting that is being held as the

staffs especially engineers and technicians do not have flexible schedule and most

people are busy chasing datelines.

As per attached in Sabah Well Intervention we were also involved in making sure the

operation and business of the company is running smoothly and well taken care of by

carrying out more production enhancement activities and not forgotten to take care the

healthiness of each well under PCSB-SBO supervision.

Besides that, SWI’s top priority is in the proper planning of completing tasks as most

of the time, there is more than one task that needs to be done to meet the datelines. The

proper planning is closely related to time management as well. A good time

management will make the proper planning of task completion works accordingly.

Apart from that it is important to have a good communications among fellow team

members to prevent any misunderstandings in doing works. Communication is a

major’s aspect of the company’s style of working. For example, we are being trained

to communicate with the fellow colleagues in doing certain jobs as to make sure that

things were rightly done at the first time.

Work Ethics

One of the most highlighted matters by PCSB is work ethics. Work ethic is a value

based on hard work and diligence. To sustain a good performance, all employees need

to have a solid practice of good work ethics. In ethics, time management and job

progress is the most important to ensure all on going activities are run efficiently and


47

effectiveness. All staffs in PETRONAS, should be punctual when attend any activities

and work for instance even they are applying flexible hour when work, they should

work for at least 8 hours to ensure the progress of their work is smoothly and finish at

on time.

Time punctuality is crucial for PCSB as the company runs business which requires

satisfaction in term of time consumption. During working hours, the employees take a

break at the allocated time. Time is an essence of importance and working hours can

only be made production with the cooperation of the employees.

Ethics/Discipline and Dress Code

• All staffs are required to obey all rules and regulations in terms of disciplines,

loyalties and ethics of PCSB-SBO.

• Dress code of PCSB-SBO is corporate formal attire and all staffs are required

to obey this dressing code.

Working Hours

• Working hours will be deemed to commence from the trainee reports to his

places of work and to terminate the time he leaves his place of work. So trainee

have to come to work as schedule by PCSB SBO:

Monday – Thursday (7.30am – 4.30pm)

Break(12.30pm-1.30pm)

Friday (7.30am – 4.30pm)

Break(12.00pm-2.00pm)

• Trainee must come before and exactly at 7.30 am and finish work at 4.30 pm.

If the trainee is late for a few times without a valid reason, thus the Human

Resource department will be taking a disciplinary action against him/her.


48

Whistleblowing Policy

This policy is to provide an avenue for all employees of PETRONAS and member of

the public to reveal any inappropriate conduct in accordance with the processes as

provided for under this policy and provide safety for employees and member of the

public which reports such accusations.

This policy is strategy to simplify employees and member of the public to disclose

any inappropriate conduct through interior channel. Such misconduct or illicit

offence including the following:

• Fraud.

• Bribery.

• Abuse of Power.

• Conflict of Interest.

• Theft or embezzlement.

• Misuse of Company’s Property.

• Non Compliance with Procedure.

PETRONAS No Gift Policy

The main objective of this policy is to inculcate values of integrity and

trustworthiness in its business dealings. PETRONAS especially SBO staffs are

required to act out in the best interest of PETRONAS and to avoid from engaging in

conduct which may result in the drawbacks of the PETRONAS’ best interest. Hence,

PETRONAS staff must adhere themselves from:

• Accepting personal gift from external parties.

• Giving personal gift to external parties.

This policy will help to avoid conflicts of interest or in the appearance of conflicts of

interest in any ongoing or potential business dealings of PETRONAS.


49

Management Skills

Time management is the act or process of planning and exercising conscious

control over the amount of time spent on specific activities, especially to increase

effectiveness, efficiency or productivity. Time management may be aided by a range

of skills, tools, and techniques used to manage time when accomplishing specific tasks,

projects and goals complying with a due date. Initially, time management referred to

just business or work activities, but eventually the term broadened to include personal

activities as well. A time management system is a designed combination of processes,

tools, techniques, and methods. Time management is usually a necessity in any project

development as it determines the project completion time and scope.

PETRONAS Carigali implement a strict time management to the intern

students where the interns need to be in the office before 7.30 am and only able to

leave and 4.30 pm. Here it teaches the trainee to be on time in the daily life and also

to be discipline in their time attendance as it well effect the trainee efficiency as it will

also take on result on the department efficiency. For example, since I live 20 km from

the office, I need to get ready early to avoid traffic jam so that I can arrive at office

before 7.30 am.

My daily routine works start with updating the daily report that need to be send

to Drilling Division, and then attend the daily morning meeting. After that, I will start

doing my works such as doing Non-Productive Time (NPT) Analysis. NPT is the

indicator that shows how much time that we have lost due to problems that arises such

as bad weather, equipment problem, logistic problem, etc. The objective of doing this

analysis is to observe and find any solutions that could minimize the NPT and increase

productivity. This analysis need to be done every month, which the NPT will be

calculated on daily basis for each field under PCSB-SBO. Beside the NPT analysis, I

need to update the well schematic diagram as well as working on the cost book. From

this, I need to allocate my time wisely, manage and prioritize my works in order to

completing all the task given on time.


50

6.5 Problem or Challenges Faced and Solution to Overcome Them

(a) Understanding the exploration and production (E&P) operation

It is highly important to have a good understanding of the exploration and

production operation in order to understand more on the activities in this

company. Therefore, acquiring the knowledge on the oil and gas industry is a

must before I can proceed to understand the whole exploration and production

operation. In the beginning, I did a lot of researches on the subject and as well

as by asking guidance from the engineers on the particular matter and in the

end I managed to know a thing or two as a starting point.

(b) Adjusting to Working Lifestyle

As a new trainee, adjusting to working hours was a really meaningful lesson at

the early stage. There are many differences between becoming a student and a

worker as the time management will be different, the problems encountered

will be different, and the work and tasks will also be different. Besides, as I

had never worked in an office before, throughout this internship, I got to learn

and exposed to the real life environment. Where, student will get easily

exhausted and sleepy throughout the day. However, as the time passes this can

be adjusted as the student started to adjust to the working hours and the daily

routine of waking up early for work. Other than that, student were also

requested to work late till night on numerous occasion had to work on

weekends and public holiday in order to complete the task given successfully.

(c) Entrusted with Responsibility

Thru the internship period, student were given a lot of work that required the

patient and skills need to finish the job. For example, where the trainee was

entrusted to work with a lot of confidential data and student was trusted the

keep the data personnel. Luckily, student was very privileged enough to be

trusted in handling of confidential data. So the burden was very high to the


51

student in order to keep the file to themselves but with the understanding of

supervisor, patient and experienced colleagues who encourage and helpful to

the trainee.

(d) Completing Task Given on Time

Completing a task in time is very crucial in an organization and SBO also adapt

into that environment of work where every task given is set a due date that need

to be finished or submitted. Prior to this, I need to manage all the task given

and give priority on which task that need to be done first. I also learned to come

to office early and work overtime to finish my task and sometimes bring the

task to home to complete it. Time management is very important in works;

once you practice procrastination, no works will done.


52

REFERENCES

Guo, B., Lyons, W. C., & Ghalambor, A. (2007). Petroleum Production

Engineering. Lafayette: Elsevier Science & Technology Books.

SCHLUMBERGER. (1999). Gas Lift Design and Technology. Schlumberger 1999.

SHELL CORPORATION. (1993). Gas Lift Design Guide. Hague: SHELL

INTERNATIONALE PETROLEUM.

Tokar, Chevron, & Tuckness. (1996). New Gas Lift Valve Design Stabilizes Injection

Rates. Colorado: Society of Petroleum Engineers.

WEATHERFORD. (2006). Slickline Operations Training Manual. Weatherford

International, Inc.

Drug & Alcohol Policy: Policy Provisions & Coverage. (2013). PETRONAS

Carigali Drug & Alcohol Policy Presentation.


53

APPENDIX I

TYPE PORT

SIZE

LATCH RUNNING

TOOL

TYPE

PULLING

TOOL

TYPE

MANDRELL

SERIES

CHARATERISTIC

BK-1 1/8”

INTEGRAL

GA-2

JDC

Short

Reach

KBM,

KBMM,

KBMG,

KBTG

INJECTION PRESS

OPERATED 3/16”

1/4”

5/16”

3/8”

BKR-5 1/8” INTEGRAL GA-2 JDC

Short

Reach

KBM,

KBMM,

KBMR,

KBMG,

KBTG

PRODUCTION

PRESS OPERATED 3/16”

1/4”

DKO-

2

3/16” INTEGRAL GA-2 JDC

Short

Reach

KBM,

KBMM,

KBMR,

KBMG,

KBTG

SIGNAL POINT

INJECTION

ORIFICE 1/4”

DK-1 NIL INTEGRAL GA-2 JDC

Short

Reach

KBM,

KBMM,

KBMR,

KBMG,

KBTG

DUMMY

NOVA 3/16” BK-2 JK JDC

Long

Reach

KBM,

KBMM,

KBMR,

KBMG,

KBTG

NOVA ORIFICE

DKO-2 CASING SENSITIVE = OPEN WHEN CASING PRESSURE HIGHER THAN

TUBING

BKR-5(GLV) TO OPEN STEP BY STEP

Running tool type (GA-2) BOTTOM LATCH

Running tool type (GA-2) TOP LATCH


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APPENDIX II

Slickline Training at Deleum Warehouse, Labuan


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APPENDIX III

Slickline

Training at Deleum Warehouse, Labuan


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APPENDIX IV

Wellhead Training at ESSEM Workshop, Miri.

Industrial Internship Report

Documents

Transcript of Industrial Internship Report