Industrial Gases By: Andrew Kubitschek, Andy Johnson VI, Ethan Richter.
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Transcript of Industrial Gases By: Andrew Kubitschek, Andy Johnson VI, Ethan Richter.
Industrial Gases By: Andrew Kubitschek, Andy Johnson VI, Ethan
Richter
Industrial Gases
• Industry
• Commonly Used Basic Gases
• Formulation
• Environmental factors
• Common Uses
Gas Industry
• Industries net worth $17 billion
• 15 companies in Wisconsin
• Employs about 60,000 American workers
• Supplies products to industries that account for 42% of America’s Gross Domestic Product
Source: http://www.americanchemistry.com/ProductsTechnology/Industrial-Gases/Industrial-Gases-Essential-Suppliers-to-the-US-Economy.pdf
How industrial gases are used
• Benefits patients in hospitals and at home
• Helps clean the air
• Creates cleaner transportation fuels
• Helps purify water supplies
• Enhances domestic energy production and efficiency
• Powers space exploration
• Ensures the safe transport and preservation of food
• Enables advanced electronics
Commonly used basic gases
• Hydrogen
• Oxygen
• Nitrogen
• Carbon Monoxide
• Carbon Dioxide
Source:http://www.lindeus.com/internet.lg.lg.usa/en/images/Industrial%20gases%20in%20Chemistry138_7188.pdf
Oxygen and Hydrogen synthesis
http://scientificsentence.net/Chemistry/index.php?key=yes&Integer=_electrolyse
Nitrogen Synthesis
• Air being around 78% nitrogen is a great place to get it.
• Air is then compressed and cooled, then transported to an insulated area
• The Nitrogen having a lower boiling point then the liquid oxygen is then distilled out. Then compressed again without the oxygen.
http://www.ccmr.cornell.edu/education/ask/?quid=207
Carbon Monoxide Synthesis
• Producer gas: CO2 + C → 2 CO (ΔH = −221 kJ/mol)
• Water gas: H2O + C → H2 + CO (ΔH = +131 kJ/mol)
• By product of Metal oxides: MO + C → M + CO
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_monoxide#Industrial_production
Carbon Dioxide Synthesis
• Side product of the industrial production of ammonia and hydrogen.
• Side product of fuel combustion (not normally recovered)
• Product of breathing
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide
Reactions
Reactions 2
Making Industry Greener
• Uses for oxygen in oil refineries.
• A. Increased plant capacity.
• B. Higher oxidation temperatures.
• C. Reduced load on off-gas treatment systems due to lower concentration of inert nitrogen.
• D. New plants can be built smaller.
Making industry Greener cont…
• Hydrogen for oil refineries.
• A. steam reforming of methane.
• B. Gasification of oil refining residues and recovery from synthesis gas.
• C. Recovery from refinery off-gases.
Common Uses
• Nitrogen• Ammonia synthesis (NH3)
• Chemicals
• Oil and Gas Extraction (AOR)
• Electronics
• Primary Metals Manufacture
Common Uses
• Oxygen• Primary Metals Production
• Chemicals and Gasification
• Medicine
• Oxyacetylene Welding
• C2H2 (g) + 5O2 (g) 4CO2 (g) + 2H2O(g) + ∆
Common Uses
• Hydrogen• Ammonia synthesis (Haber process)
• Methanol manufacture
• (1) 2CH4 (g)+ ½ O2 (g) CO (g) + CO2 (g) + 7H2 (synthesis gas)
• (2) CO (g) + CO2 (g) + 7H2 2CH3OH (g) + 2H2 (g) +H2O (g)
Common Uses
• Carbon Dioxide• Food Industry
• Beverage Carbonation
• Oil and Gas Recovery
• Chemical Manufacture
References
• : http://www.americanchemistry.com/ProductsTechnology/Industrial-Gases/Industrial-Gases-Essential-Suppliers-to-the-US-Economy.pdf
• www.lindeus.com/internet.lg.lg.usa/en/images/Industrial%20gases%20in%20Chemistry138_7188.pdf
• http://scientificsentence.net/Chemistry/index.php?key=yes&Integer=_electrolyse
• http://www.ccmr.cornell.edu/education/ask/?quid=207
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_monoxide#Industrial_production
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O59GtNFJOGo