Industrial Economy

8/8/2019 Industrial Economy

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ENERGY RESOURCES FORENERGY RESOURCES FOR

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Dr. P. MAHANTA

Centre for Energy

Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati


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"Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of

the present without compromising the ability of future generations

to meet their own needs.The Brundtland

Commission Report, The

United Nations, 1987.

ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE

ECONOMICALLY SUSTAINABLE

SOCIALLY SUSTAINABLE

SUSTAINABILITYSUSTAINABILITY FOR INDUSTRIAL ECONOMYFOR INDUSTRIAL ECONOMY


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THE CONCERNWHY ???THE CONCERNWHY ???

GLOBAL CHANGES

CLIMATE CHANGE

POLLUTION

BIODIVERSITY

HABITAT LOSS

EROSION

DEFORESTATION

RESOURCE DEPLETION

FOOD

WATER (SURFACE &

GROUND)

METALS, MINERALS

FOREST PRODUCTS

ENERGY

FISHERIES POPULATION GROWTH

POVERTY

EDUCATION OF WOMEN

UNDERDEVELOPED AREAS


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SOME RECENT EVENTSSOME RECENT EVENTS

ANTARCTICA GLACIER MELTING FASTER

REDUCING 13500 SQ KM AREA, CNN

THE HIMALAYA LOST ITS HEIGHT BY 0.6 M RECENT FLOOD WAS CATASTOPHIC

Glaciers in the Himalaya are wasting at alarming and

accelerating rates, as indicated by comparisons of satelliteand historic data, and as shown by the widespread, rapid

growth of lakes on the glacier surfaces.-NASA


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Bleaching of coral in great barrier reef

Threat to the lives of the penguines inAntarcticaGlacier retreated by three miles

(five kilometers)

ACID RAIN

GLOBAL WARMING

ALARMING RATE OF POLLUTIONALARMING RATE OF POLLUTION

ASTER

(Advanced Spaceborne

Thermal Emission and

Reflection Radiometer)

instrument aboard

NASAs Terra satelliteshows how the Gangotri

Glacier terminus has

retracted since 1780.


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POWER GENERATION WITH FOSSIL FUELSPOWER GENERATION WITH FOSSIL FUELS

AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AREAND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ARE

CONFLICTINGCONFLICTING


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INDIA USA

POPULATION, MILLIONS 1050 286

TOTAL ENERGY USE, EJ 26 105

COAL CONSUMPTION, EJ 8 25OIL IMPORTS (NET), EJ 3.3 23

ELECTRICITY GENERATION, TWH 580 4050

ELECTRICITY FROM COAL, TWH 480 2000C EMITTED IN CO2, MTC 265 1640

EJ = EXAJOULES, TWH = TERAWATT-HOURS, MTC = MEGATONS OF

CARBON IN CO2

INDIA & THE USAINDIA & THE USA (WITH WORLD RANKINGS)(WITH WORLD RANKINGS)


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ENERGY SOURCESENERGY SOURCES INDIANINDIAN

SCENARIOSCENARIO

Primary Energy Sources

India - 2003

33%

8%53%

1% 5%

Oil

NGCoal

Nuclear

Hydro

ENERGY IS ALWAYS DEFICIT IN INDIA

WE WILL REQUIRE ADDITIONAL 1,00,000 MW BY 2012

INVESTMENT OF RS 8000 BILLION

(Improve)

(Use full Potential)

(cut)

CNG+H

High S+High Ash


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OUR REQUIREMENTS.OUR REQUIREMENTS.

CONTROL OVER CARBON BURDEN

CARBON SEQUESTRATION

IMPROVED TECHNOLOGY TO REDUCE

EMISSION

HIGH EFFICIENCY

CONTROL OVER SHORT TERM

PHENOMENON LIKE ACID RAIN LESS EMISSION

FUEL TO MEET LONG TERM REQUIREMENT


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ONLY WITH IMPROVED TECHNOLOGIES CAN WE

Constrain oil demand & limit imports without incurring excessive

economic or environmental costs

Improve urban air quality while meeting growing demand for automobiles

Use abundant coal resources without intolerable impacts on regional air

quality & acid rain

Expand the use of nuclear energy while reducing accident and proliferation

risks

Achieve & sustain economic prosperity worldwide while controlling the

risks from global climate change

THE ROLE OF ENERGYTHE ROLE OF ENERGY--TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY

INNOVATION IN THE INDIAN ENERGYINNOVATION IN THE INDIAN ENERGY

FUTURESFUTURES


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IndianOil Group of Companies

GREEN FUELSIN TUNE

WITH THE TIMES

Looking beyondFossil Fuels


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Biofuels are renewableenergy

source

Environmentally safer Very high potentialto

rejuevenatelocal/rural

economy andemployment

generation

ProvideEnergy security andalternatetofossilfuels

Easy todevelop anduse

PROSPECTS OF BIOFUEL


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BIOFUELBIOFUEL

Different Biofuel Options

Bodiesel

Biogas

Biomass Gasification

Ethanol, Methanol, Biomass to

liquid fuel, Hydrogen

Other alternatives

Characteristics

Green fuel

High flash point temperature

High cetane index

Ultra low (zero) sulfur content

Diesel like physical and chemical

properties

Low emissions: Poly Aromatic

Hydrocarbons, Nitrated poly aromatichydrocarbons and sulfate

JatrophacarcusDerisindica

A. montana


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PRESENT SCENERIO ON BIODIESELPRESENT SCENERIO ON BIODIESEL

IN INDIAIN INDIA

To produce bio-diesel in the country for blending in HSD

to the extent of 20% by 2011-12.

Jatropha plantation required over 11 million hectares of

land Stake holders: Oil companies, Auto Industry, Financial

Institutions and Government & its institutions.

Necessary to demonstrate the viability of the programme

IOCL VENTURES: Phase I: Demo project to be implemented by the year

2006-07

Phase II: Self sustained expansion of programme in the

year 2007 . Production of sufficient quantity of the bio-

diesel in the year 2011-12


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HYDROGEN

A PROMISING FUEL FORFUTURE


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HYDROGEN CAN BE USED INHYDROGEN CAN BE USED IN

MOST ENERGY SECTORSMOST ENERGY SECTORS

In the Transportation Sector

Can be used in ICE

Fuel cells are more efficient

Trains, automobiles, buses, and ships

In the Residential and Commercial Sectors

Combined heat and power

Reliable energy services for criticalapplications

Grid independence

In the Industrial Sector

Already plays an important role as a chemical

Co-producing power and hydrogen

Colourless, odourless and

tasteless gas

Lighter than air

Fastest diffusing gas

Molecular size, permeates easily

through most materials

Auto ignition temperature is

585 deg C

Flammability 4-75%

Detonation 18-59%

Ignition energy in air 20 mu J


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FUEL CELLFUEL CELL(ETHANOL, METHANOL,(ETHANOL, METHANOL,

HYDROGEN)HYDROGEN)

Generate electricity without

combustion of the fuel and oxidizer, as

opposed to what occurs with

traditional methods of electricitygeneration.

The main advantage a fuel cell has

over heat engines is that they are

theoretically more efficient and

produce no noxious emissions

Fuel cells operate very quietlyreducing noise pollution

Fuel cells are being developed for

numerous commercial and military

applications, such as automobiles,

portable electronic devices, and mobileand stationary power generation.

APPLICATIONS

Chemical energy of a fuel

Electricity


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Biomass Gasification

Conversion of biomass to producer gas for electricity generation

Application

Village Electrification

Biogas is obtainable from anaerobic

digestion of cowdung and other

lignocellulosic waste such as, oil seed

cake, water hyacinth etc.

Green fuel having high Calorific value

(20.1 25.9 KJ/litre, Used for cooking, lighting etc.

Standard Composition: 58 % Methane and

33 % Carbon dioxide

Future Prospects of Biogas

Fuel for HighTemperature Fuel Cells

Transportation

Micro-Turbine for power

generation

Biogas

TRANSPORTATION

VILLAGEELECTRIFICATION


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SAVE RESOURCES

USE RENEWABLE RESOURCES

EFFICIENT PRODUCTION

LONG-LASTING DESIGN OF SYSTEMS

THUS, FOR EFFICIENT IE..THUS, FOR EFFICIENT IE..


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THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Industrial Economy

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