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Industrial Age1850-1900

By: Alex and Nick

US 1850-1900

US went through three periods during this time

The Civil WarReconstructionIndustrialization

Civil War

It started in 1861 and ended in 1865Started because of northern political

dominance, slavery, and northern vs. southern economy.

Confederate Tactics and Strategy

First plan: Dispersed Defensive To cover as much ground as possible from the top of

the Confederacy, to the ocean.

Second Plan: Offensive DefensiveSometimes, in order to defend the South, an attack would be necessary.

This plan would backfire when the Confederacy actually moved into the North (Antietam and Gettysburg).

Union Tactics and Strategy

A three pronged strategy.Phase 1- Try to take control of the

“insurrection”, and squash it.This did not work, since the South was too stable

and too large.

Phase 2- Take over the Confederate territoryThe Union did not see the effects quick enough.

Phase 3- Total War.This worked, and what eventually ended the war

(Sherman’s March to the Sea).

Battles

Battle of Shiloh

Started on April 6th, 1862. ended April 8th, 1862.

The Confederacy fought the Union in the South, in order to try to maintain the offensive defensive strategy

Also, Confederacy wanted to force Grant away from the Tennessee River, where Union reinforcements were expected to be arriving.

Confederacy attacked by surprise on April 6th, early that morning.

Confederate Tactics

The plan was to attack in the middle of the night on the 6th, and to destroy the left side of Grant's army by flanking it.

Strategically, the Confederacy had the upper hand, but the union flank was able to hold off the mass of Confederate forces through the day, for 8 hours.

By the end of the 2nd day of battle, Union reinforcements arrived, though the Confederate general was unaware of this, and ran into battle on April 8th, it failed miserably.

Union Tactics

Union forces were taken by surprise on April 6th, and were almost immediately overrun. If not for that left flank, which held at a point called the “hornets nest”, the battle would have been over.

Eventually, Grant had no choice but to fall back to the Tennessee River, the best option for him at that time.

Within a day or so, Union reinforcements had arrived, giving the Union an almost overwhelming force.

The next day, the Union was able to defeat the Confederacy, killing thousands in a beautiful counterattack.

What the Battle of Shiloh Meant for the Civil War

Though this battle was not a decisive one, it did have many lingering effects on the rest of the war.

With over 23,000 casualties, this battle was by far, the bloodiest of the time, and one of the bloodier battles in all of the Civil War.

Showed both sides that this war was not going to end quickly, or quietly.

Forced the Confederacy to realize that they could not only fight on their homeland, and had to eventually start to bring the fighting to the North.

Tactics

New Inventions

Iron Clads and ships like the Augusta US Model 1861 Rifle MusketMines TorpedoesRapid Fire CannonSniper riflesPercussion RevolverRepeating Rifle

Other Innovations

Battlefield medicine Railroads Telephones and Telegraphs The Air Balloon Assembly Line and Interchangeable Parts The Bessemer Process

Reconstruction

Started in 1865 and lasted until 1877. After the South lost the Civil War, the North

worked hard to try to rebuild the Southern states. The entire Southern Economy had to be rebuilt

from the ground up, since most of the South was made up of farmers, and run by the slaves.

Reconstruction helped the United States progress much more smoothly into the era of Industrialization.

Reconstruction also became extremely important for helping the United States become, united once again.

Industrialization

One major advantage for The North in the Civil War, was Industrialization. (more production=more firepower=victory).

Though, after the Civil War and Reconstruction is when the Industrialization boom began to really hit the U.S.

Industrialization was made possible by the Bessemer Process, interchangeable parts, and the Assembly Line, along with many other technological advances.

Was arguably THE reason why the U.S. Became a leading

world power by World Wars I and II, and even today.

Europe

Franco-Prussian War

Industrialization

Setting the stage for World War I.

Bibliography

http://www.bibme.org/shared/BnGbVWpuKp