INDONESIAN Volume 2, Number 4, 1995 · indonesian journal for islamic studies volume 2, number 4,...

28
INDONESIAN JOURNAL FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES Volume 2, Number 4, 1995 I SSN 0215-0492 ISLAM AND DEMOCRACY: IN SEARCH OF A VIABLE SYNTHESIS Bahtiar Effendy MODERNITY AND THE CHALLENGE OF PLURALISM: SOME INDONESIAN LESSONS Robert W. Hefner ISLAMIC POLITICAL THOUGHT AND CULTURAL REVIVAL IN MODERN INDONESIA M. Din Syamsuddin WESTERN STUDIES OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN ISLAM: PROBLEM OF THEORY AND PRACTICE John R. Bowen

Transcript of INDONESIAN Volume 2, Number 4, 1995 · indonesian journal for islamic studies volume 2, number 4,...

INDONESIAN JOURNAL FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES Volume 2, Number 4, 1995

ISSN 0215-0492

ISLAM AND DEMOCRACY: IN SEARCH OF A VIABLE SYNTHESIS

Bahtiar Effendy

MODERNITY AND THE CHALLENGE OF PLURALISM: SOME INDONESIAN LESSONS

Robert W. Hefner

ISLAMIC POLITICAL THOUGHT AND CULTURAL REVIVAL IN MODERN INDONESIA

M. Din Syamsuddin

WESTERN STUDIES OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN ISLAM: PROBLEM OF THEORY AND PRACTICE

John R. Bowen

STUDIA ISLAMIKA Indonesian Journal for Islamic Studies

Volume 2, Number 3, 1995

EDITORlAL BOARD: Harun Nasution Mastubu M. Quraisb Sbibab A Aziz Dablan M. Satria Effendi Nabilab Lubis M. Yrman Yusuf Komaruddin Hidayat M. Din Syamsuddin Muslim Nasution Wabib Mu'tbi

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF: Azyumardi Azra

EDITORS: Saiful Muzani Hendro Prasetyo ]ohan H. Meuleman Nuru/Fajri BadriYatim

ASSISTANTS TO THE EDITOR: Arief Subhan HeniNuroni

ENGLISH LANGUAGE ADVISOR: judith M Derrt

ARABIC LANGUAGE ADVISOR: Fuad M. Facbruddi11

COVER DESIGNER: S. Prinka

STUDIA IS!.AMIKA (ISSN 0215-0492) is a journal published quarterly by the lnstitut Agama Islam Negeri (WN, The State Institute for Islamic Studies) Syarif Hidayatullah, jakarta. (STI DEPPEN No. 129/SK/DITJEN/PPG/STT/1976) and sponsored by the Department of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia. It specializes in Indonesian Islamic studies, and is intended to communi· care original researches and current issues on the subject. This journal warmly welcomes contributions from scholars of related disciplines. All articles published do not necessarily represent the views of the journal, or other institutions to which it is affiliated. They are solely the views the authors.

Moh. Nurhakim

Tanz1m al-Taqalld al-'Ilmiyyah al-Islamiyyah fl Jawah fl al-Qarn al-Tasi' 'Ashar wa Nufudhuh Nahw al-Tatawwur al-Islam1 £1 Indun!siyya

Abstract: The Islamic intellectual traditions of 19th century java have not been appropriately explored, despite the fact that the Java of the time constituted a very important centre of Islamic learning. Before 19th cen­tury, Islamic intellectual activities were centered in Pasai, Malaka and Aceh. Then they moved to java and here aL-Nawaw£, Ahmad Rifa't ai­Kalisalakf and Mahfudh al· Termasi emerged as outstanding representa­tives of the 'ulamas of that period. This preliminary study aims to de­scribe the process of the formation, the development and the influence of that Islamic intellectual tradition, covering all forms of the learning-teach­ing process or transmission of knowledge in maintaining or in devel­oping that tradition. This includes institutional factors such as pesantrens and mosques, key actors such as kyai and santri (teachers and students of the traditional Islamic school in Java), methods, the system of transmis­sion of Islamic knowledge and books.

Since Islam started to grow around 15th and 16th centuries, it must have been taught at that time. Scholars such as Drewes have been shown that such Islamic works as Ihya' 'Ulum al-Dtn and al-Tamh1d were used made as references for the Javanese works. When the Suez canal was opened in the mid of the 19th, and a new class of tea and sugar traders grew up, many Javanese people went to Mecca to complete the pilgrimage or to seek knowledge. Some of them even stayed there and became great 'ulamas like Shaykh Nawawf al-Bantanf. The question is how the Islamic intellectual tradition was transmitted to java. Following Azra, the transmission of the Islamic intellectual tradition did not come directly from the intellec­tual network with the Haramayn 'ulamas but rather from the intellec­tual interaction with people from Malay such as ai-Palimban£. The works of al-Ranin, Hamzah al-Fansuri and several other 'ulamas were well­known by the java 'ulamas in the 19th century.

In addition to the entry point of the Malay 'ulamas, the Islamic intellec­tual tradition was also shaped by direct contact with people from

87 Stud it< lsldmiiM, Vol 2, No. ~. 1995

88 Nurh.Jkim

Haramayn. In line with Van Bruinessen, the sources of the pesantren tra­dition are not from the Uthmanic model, teaching Hanafi jurisprudence, but instead come from contact with Shafi'ite-oriented institutions like madrasah Shaulatiyyah of India at Mecca and al-Azhar in Egypt. This argument is based on the fact that both of these institutions and pesantren are very similar in terms of models, curriculum and their Shaft 'ite orien­tation. Also the degree of development of the Islamic intellectual tradi­tion in java at that time was apparently connected with the intensity of the 'ulamas involvement in the intellectual discourse with those from over­seas. The more the 'u/ama' were involved in the Islamic discourse of Haramayn in the 19th the more numerous the pesantren and centres of infonnal Islamic learning were that were established in java.

Pesantren continued to flourish. Van den Berg noted 14,929 tradi­tional educational institutions in java and Madura. One of the reasons is that through dormitories (pondoks) and mosques kyai and santri stayed together and they could build and continuously develop Islamic intellec­tual tradition. In maintaining the tradition, among kyais themselves there developed intellectual network which are not confined through teach­ing activities in the class but also thorough transmission of religious au­thority as in the case of su.fi order which made each generation and pesantren to have close relationship to each other. Particularly when the network is supported by family tie.

What must not be forgotten is that Islamic intellectual tradition is also shaped by the works of the 'ulamas. The 19th century was the most prolific period of the java 'ulamas. Shaykh Nawaw£ ai-Bantan£ (1813}, Ahmad Rifa'£ al-Kalisalakf {1786-1875}and Shaykh Mahfudhai-Termas£ are among them. By writing books, they defended and maintained their Islamic intellectual tradition. Those intellectual activities are not the case of the following kyais who felt sufficient with the works of their 'Jathers ».

This certainly leads to the demise of the writing tradition among the kyais. Pesamren has a significant influence in lsfamizing the communities.

Through mosque, sufi order {tar1qah), surau (small mosque) and Islamic activities, the religion of Islam is accepted by various peoples from kings in the center to the peripherals of the remote areas. In the social and politi­cal realm, the influence of the pesantren could be seen in the peasants' revolt of Banten (1888}. In intellectual field, pesantren tradition also has moved javaness tradition. This can be proved by taking the popularity of alif, ba, ta, tha, Arabic spelling, to ha-na-cha-ra-ka, of the Sanskrit. In such cities as Solo, publisher and book shops on traditional books of Islam could be found easier than those ofjavaness teaching ('kejawen }.

Srudia lslwmka. Vol. 2. No. ~. 1995

Moh. Nurhakim

Tanz1m al-Taqalld al-'Ilmiyyah al-Islamiyyah fl Jawah f1 al-Qarn al-Tasi' 'Ashar wa Nufudhuh Nahw al-Tatawwur al-Islam1 f1 Indun1siyya

Abstraksi: Studi khusus ten tang perkembangan tradisi keilmuan Islam di ]awa pada abad ke 19 belum banyak dilakukan padahal kawasan ini merupakan pusat lembaga-lembaga keagamaan dan pendidikan Islam tradisional. ]ika pada abad-abad awal pusat keilmuan Islam yang telah melahirkan sejumlah 'ulama' dan karya-karya besar berada di Pasai, Malakakemudian Aceh, makaabadke 19pusat itu te!ah bergeser ke]awa.

Tulisan ini bermaksud menggambarkan soal pembentukan, perkembangan dan pengaruh tradisi keilmuan Islam yang meliputi unsur kelembagaan seperti mesjid, pelaku seperti santri-kiayi, sistem, metode, proses transmisi i/mu, buku-buku dan sarana-sarana lunak yang diper­gunakan pada abad 19. Menurut penulis, sejak Islam mulai tumbuh di jawa sekitar abad ke 15 dan 16, pengajaran ilmu agama sebenar­nya telah terjadi. Sejumlah sarjana Barat seperti Drewes (1968) telah menunjukkan bahwa karya-karya Islam seperti Ihya' 'Ulum al-D1n dan al-Tamhid telah dijadikan sebagai rujukan. Saat jalan perda­gangan semakin mudah karena dibukanya Terusan Suez, dan lahir sejumlah orang kaya baru pemilik perkebunan teh dan tebu di jawa, dan semakin meningkatnya kesadaran beragama di kalangan masyarakat, maka sekitar pertengahan abad ke 19 orangjawa telah banyak pergi haji dan menuntut ilmu di Mekkah. Bahkan ada di antara mereka yang menjadi 'ulama' besar seperti Syek Nawawf al­Bantanf dan Syekh Mahfudh al- Termasf. Namun, sejalan dengan pendapat Azra, kontak intelektual sebenamya telah terjadi sejak abad 17 dan prosesnya Lebih banyak dilakukan oleh para 'ulama Melayu-Sumatra seperti al-Palimbanz. Dari sanalah tradisi kemudian memasuki wilayah jawa padaabad 19. Melalui pintu ini pemikiran al-Hallaj dan tasauf al-Ghazalf tersebar di ]awa. Tetapi dari mana

89 Studia lslamilta, Vol. 2, No. ~. / 991

90 Nurhakim

asal usul tradisi pesantren? Sejalan dengan Van Bruinessen, tradisi pesantren tidaklah berasal dari madrasah bertipe Uthmani. Pengaruh datang melalui hubungan dengan lembaga yang bermazhab al-Syafii seperti madrasah India Shaulatiyyah di Mekkah dan al-Azhar di Mesir. Hal ini didasarkan pada kenyataan bahwa lembaga-lembaga ini mempunyai kesamaan dengan model, kurikulum dan afiliasi mazhab pesantren-pesantren di Indonesia pada abad 18-19.

Dalam pengamatan penulis, tingkat perkembangan tradisi keilmuan Is/4-m tradisional mempunyai korelasi positif dengan intensitas keter­libatan 'ulama' dalam interaksi intelektual di dunia luar. fa menegaskan bahwa semakin banyak para 'ulama' ]awa terlibat dalam diskursus keilmuan di Haramain pada abad ke 19 semakin banyak pula jumlah pesantren atau tempat-tempat be/ajar informal yang lain di ]awa. Van den Berg mencatat 14.929/embaga pendidikan tradisional di ]awa dan Madura. Hal itu karena dengan pondokan, mesjid dan kiayi yang tinggal bersama para santri sangat mungkin untuk mekembangkan tradisi keilmuan Islam. Apalagi pesantren bersifat egaliter, terbuka dan mudah berintegrasi dengan masyarakat.

Secara intern, para kiayi sendiri mengembangkan jaringan intelektual yang tidak terbatas melalui pengajaran melainkan juga transmisi otoritas seperti dalam tareqat di mana satu generasi tidak terputus dari generasi lainnya, satu pesantren mempunyai hubungan dengan pesantren lainnya. Bahkan hubungan juga dibentuk melalui jaringan kekeluargaan.

Selajutnya, tradisi keilmuan Islam tradisional juga dijaga melalui karya-karya mereka sendiri. 'Uiama']awa abad 19 ialah periode 'ulama' paling produktif. Syekh Nawaw£ al-Bantan£ {1813}, Ahmad Rifa't al­Kalisalakf {1786-1875) dan SyekhMahfudh al-Tarmasf adalah di antara contohnya. Dengan karya-karyanya, para 'ulama' berusaha melestarikan tradisi salaf Sementara para 'ulama' berikutnya memandangpandangan yang diwariskan generasi sebelumnya masih relevan. Karena itulah, kebiasaan menu/is di kalangan 'ulama' mengalami kepunahan.

Tradisi keilmuan Islam (pesantren) mempunyai pengaruh besar terhadap proses Islamisasi. Dengan adanya mesjid, tareqat, surau-surau, pengajian, Islam dapat meluas dari pusat kerajaan sampai ke pelosok· pelosok. Pengaruh sosial-politiknya dapat dilihat pula melalui gerakan protes petani Banten (1888}. Dalam pemikiran, tradisi keilmuan Islam ternyata telah menggeser tradisi keilmuan kejawen, seperti terlihat dari populernya alif- ba-ta-tha dibanding ha-na-ca-ra-ka dari bahasa Sanse­kerta. Di kota seperti Solo akan lebih mudah ditemukan penerbit dan toko kitab kuning daripada buku kejawen.

Srudia lslamika. Vol. Z. No. 4. /995

4 t.... ... 4 .. ll....ua1ll ;; , I.JJ ~~ i •;IJ ,1; ;·; ~ • Ill- .&:!o £ .. 0 .. .CfO~.~. a.Aool

1 ''!' 1 ia~) .. d •• • • ;r .~ ~-

t.sJjj

c--'81 .) }JI ~ ~ J..lj! ~ ~~\ ~\ ..r-_,1.:!1 .y- t....:.L:ll ~ly . .UI

~ if~'i1 ~JUI LIJ.> .Jl '~ .JJl:Jl ftS' ~ t 'flkJI ~ 'r­o~ .Ji ..\....:! o.:> )~ ~ ~ ,:.,f } ) ..:,..s-.r- Jj ,) }JI lh ~ ( ~~ ~)

c?81 o ~ Li:i>- "-! jly ~ (.!l:l-1 oh . ' J.Jf ~ .y- c.J. t L IJ...UI

o..i..A . r~L.JI ,:., J,;JI ~ ~ ~ 'lf J}. t]'il ,:., ,;Jl ~ -y-y.._,. 'il ~1J...U1

4)>. ,:, L...;,y ')fl ~ ~I •. :.A~ .,WI "'-:!.> J~ '-:-:-"' ~\$.", , )l.hl ,y ~ J...l:.ll

.J.,s:::4 L.. ')\); ..:r-..UI ~IJ...UI ~IJ iliJ ~..iS' ,J JI..dl ~IJ (4-! Jy}l)

,) .;--AJ I J;; ,) i j .fr!. L.. l_frS' L.. }.~.::P ')f) . ;; _,...,WI y -y.._,. 'il ~ ~ ...IJI (:: )\ _,.:JI

J~l ~ J~..dl) i')\.J;JI o_r.j tJLP J.i o...t.4JI oh ~ i-y.._,.'il .)~ ..:r._r...JI

.i,ut......::.....\fl Ll:-JI .)~ ,:, \...~.:.!. \ C: ~.) ~ ~ ~\

~ J.rA..d' ~u.> ~~ ~~~ c..r:l d c!~ ~ts:.lu 'J~'lfl ~lb ...J~

J~..dl ~ ~..l.JI ...:.....J }I ~ ~ i,...{ J.y. -~ o..V t,)- LS""'l:-JI JlAI

~- "iw).) ...1.>.-) ...l.i ~\.(jt; .~1} IS ))I JlAIS' ?'il j lAI d J-L!:...II

~WI ~~'lf\ .Jl..S .JlJ- ~ c:---81 .J_,-Ajl~ .J~ ~_,.:JI Jl

..:JI jl.... ~ ~li:JI ¥-l..:.>. ) I -.Jl:l-I ,)~ 4AJI a.b.A; j..o) ..li ~ J~ ) I

'~2 Nurh.zkm1

.:.r' o..IJG p---5'~1 ; _,h.:} I ,y o j ..:.J\..i J.i ~ ...UI o ~I ~ - ~ .lJ.i:.ll ~ l'- ,_}

~L-... Jl.l (:: -!.lh .} \..i y..U p-JI r:--- I.S"""j...,. 'jl ~l.r 'JIJ .Y.;UI -..:... }11

.!J _,.:..-.....) Snouck Hurgronje __; '~ _,....JI J _rlJI_, ...u:.WI_, t..l>.-LllS" ~...U I

~ ~~ ~ ~J.U\ i...l..A::ll.) y.-J ~ ..L.i ( \ AA ~- \ AAA) ("-:i.JJ:-J.Y'

~ 0\.i)'l .) )-L:!_r. ~.UI ~ '1 _p y Is. ,~1 oh ,_} 1.::--::i J..l.i! ,y C l>.J-1

·'"~ ~)> o..v ~~~~

van . .) _,.Ajl IL ~ ~I ;_,....k.:ll y .U..~ ..u... j::l...Utt ,~~ ~~

'~ 0\J~ .:.r.:---'- .) y.-J Js- .:./' ..r. J.i (' AA .. , ) (t_..r. :.P .Jlt) den Berg

c-i. ..L.i illi.S"' (~~IJ \~A·) (~J.f. .Ju) van Bruinessen 1.)~>-f_,

.!lJ; ~ ...u:.WI ~ ~ ;; I. . . • o-L:!..b:-~ .Jiy 4JL-...'-~ .}

L-'ll~ ._sjl .;.Ui ~ 'r 1.::--::i J..l.il ~W? ~ f o. ,y pi ~<J1 oh .4.i /11

,~_,.~ _, <~~') ~.r"'"~' ~'i~ w~ _,i ~y."YJ.' ....u~ _,f 4.~'

J>-.--- .J_,Ajl ~~.}~~I ~;JI ~ _r5 ,;_,\.:.,..} .(\ tA-\ Y \ ~ \ ~~o

'(~ .;--<..) .Ju] vanderChijs) .J..UI ~ ,_} o~ l-4>v \Ao'f" Jly

.('f"o :\ ~Ao t[jl.l;] Dhofier .uA.; \.....5' 1\ - \ A

~ JL>..I.il ..!.J.J.>. J.i ?- t""L:ll .) }JI ,_} .)1 ._P- I~! L. J...l..D !.\~ \b..

~I L...) ~ ~...\..>- G p ~\.81 4-if ol} ~.UI ~~I jlAI

r-~' .JU 1.>1 -~~~ yWI o~l ¥.} ~~ 4.J j~\.}} y";A • .,'JI

~ ~UI ~.lJ.i:.ll ~~ .:;f y. ~1.:..<J1 oL .} ..J...aij L. ~ ,~£

~;L>-..I.il 44 UL:ll oL y- j:i b! 4J~~I ~~ ..=...-::J ~..UI ~WI ..h.... J

LA._~-_,.6; ..:....;_,JI ._,.....Aj..; ;~1 ~li:JI y L Lt.ill ->J~~~ ~ '.r'i ' .Jf ~

. ~ WJI 1.5 ..JJ ~I ;; _,....:.-11 '-::--::i J..l.i 'J I ~'-:-aJI t" w'l) ~ ~ .) _,s:::J

.;--<.~ JL.ill -sf_,JI y- L u.ill ~ v-:l L...IJ..JJI oJ.k i\J,I ~\

~..u. ;~~.r.J ~~ ..; , ;Jh _, )_,h.:}' 1h ~ ~ ..; )d3 -!..\Ji.S"' }. ,..1.:-l\.81

. )r-=---~ ~ J ~l.....A.:...... I ~\~\ ~I ~.)\j ,~~~ ~..JJI ~L- jl.l

Srudra ls/amrta. 1'<1/ l . .Vo 4. /995

Tanz!m al· Taqalld al· 'Ilmiyyah af.rstamiyyah 93

Jl ~ ~~ J . __...PLll w J Jl c.>..LJA.:.ll ~..UI ~w p-11 o j o~l:j ~t;

•. :A~ _II ~ly ~ ~ ..:.,~ c.>..UI c.> _,_A)I ~I ~I .) ~ ~ J>" J

. lh W1) d y-y,__, 'i l

_r._,h; J ~G d.JL... J41'i ~ ~t::...<JI o-4-t ,o}z.:JI.!.U; ~ ~~

u.b.:ll 0~) . ~ c--l::.ll 0 .;-illd 0 JL>.. ~ '.5'-y.__, 'i' ~I ~I .) ~

~~) ~..ll\ uL-..... Jo-U I_;) .r' ~ 0 _,Ajl I~ d o J\.>.. .Jf ~ u pi

Pasai ~~_,...,.,.)I '.5'-y,__,'il _;)}I 0 J_,Ajl oh d 0ts"' 1.)1 . (.$~\ i-y,__,'il

~I (~l) Aceh lp-->-fJ (Ul.) Malaka \..W> ~ '::J} R .ti (<.,>L..~)

IL 0~ ~ C"\.::.11 0 _,Ajl ~ ,¢.:WI ~t....s-f?::: ~~I if b~ ~ /f .ti

~ ...;JL.JI ;.5' }I) t.S _r>-~\ JL.. ';;I 0f ~· ~) o )\.>.. Jl ~I .ti _?}I

oJ_r5'.lll ciJll ui~~~'::J\ .!11; ~ .Jf Js- j'::{..J.;:....Jij (~ ~f ~ ~

~ ( \) :L/yl d..l.!.....~~ d..A.L...:ll u'::il:l-1 ~ ~ ~l:S:J I oh ~ ,o)~f

;;.)_,...,.,._,.1.1 Gtll .r"'WI t..? L.J ,~llh J# ~('I') ~I l..i..J> 0~

~ o.)~ f' L. (r') ~I if~~ j:S'"f d ;;~ v/-~I l..i..J> l.)li) .~

J-:.i J ~\ r:r" · ~ )..l.i l ~ if;}....__. 'il ~I ~ )r.:.... I) '.5' -y,__, 'il J __,h.:) I

.4.......1J..lll oh d 4.; ~ _ra-ill ~I.) )JJ..\ ~ r G>)\:.ll .1Li.:JI o..i.A 0y

~\ J_J~\

~-I .))..L:L-1 , , _:;. I<' I & • f i ... <- ..IJ\.i:JI J.:,. • I • ,.I.> t..r ~.)":" l.P.d ~ .Y" .fr""') - J) . c .r" ~.)":"

'i ,..WI JW. d..A.L...:il Jl.f>" ~~ ~ l.A\.A> ~I ~l:S:J I oh t_} 4.; .) ~I

~I JL.. }I JS' Jf ..:,\.. ..~.WIJ i }.JI jA;) ~I) ~I ~i ~ ~ J

b\.A> ~~ ~I ,y- o ~t; ,..!.iJ~ . \.A> J_,k;) y-y.__, 'il i }.JI ) r.:.... '::{

Ji ~~ ..,.Jlb) ~WIJ '(\.A>~ J ..b:-WIJ ..u,Wts"') ul-. Jll .r"'~ ~

.lfl •• - ! ~I~~ J)JIJ ~IJ ~t;f.J r-WI j.ii ilbJ '(wpi-J ~~

Studio lslamika. Vol. 2. No. 4, 1995

9~ Nurhakim

(:" LU:.l.l ~~I ~\ ~ .)..l>- ..U Gb ~I ~I Jf o')\&.f l,; _r.f L.S'

01~ ..L..>. y.. ;; JL>.. ~ 0f ~ w--J . ~ ew' 0 _,ill ~ ;;.) r )' J r-i' ~\) t.k- }yl J_r-!JI if \.AJ).b,. 4J..~ ~I ~"j...,.'JI ~\ :0~

..L).i:.ll ~ J _,- ~l:;S:JI oh ~ l.il) . ~)lJ,.\ ~ J)l .r"'W~ ~I

.A-)1 4>.-lj_j ..l:s- J J:' ~ ~1!11 ~.....:.:-! ,JJ\'1 t_,;.ll if ~I

=~J~~..)J~

?- U'.)LJ\ ) ~ lf""\j.l 0 _,ill j l_,-> 0 )l>. ~ i'"j._., 'i' ~ J)f ..l:s-

. Ur. .w')L."I 1 11 ~ J . ; ~~ · f.J.J ..u ..!.U£ a.; ':;1 ..!..11; ~ 0--" ) - 1 i-~ ~ - t$ . )

Wali ~ 4-0Jf ..U ~.rJIJ J ~1.5'" ~.UI ~I J.r"f ~ y ~l:;S:JI

u-.)LJ\ 0 _rAjl) (~Li y. 0U .T") Sunan Bonang j.:... (~I ~t.:J J \II) Sanga

.:,rs- (~) Pigeaud J (JI.r"'"c..P) de Graff~ il.i c.>.i.ll ~\J ·(?­

Gunning ~L..... ..!.U~ ~) tJ _,i)llh ~ o )~ uL-Jll ~ i"j...,. 'jl ~

(..!-4_,..--:;.) Schrieke J ( \ '\ n) (.r-" J.f") Kremer J t( \ AA \) (~ y.-)

l_r.>-f 4Jf ~\) ~\ r.L)J\'1 ~'}y. ..!.l,L. ~~ ~ u=JI jW.\'1 J- (\ '\ \ i)

W.J..ill ~I .:.r- Ur. .) .)->-" J ~ J.) ..W) ( \ '\ i A) (~Y..J.)) Drewes

J- ~~ it...:A.'YI Jl Jr.iiJ 'E'"Ir5' ~/ ) U!.J.fl t p ~~J ._,..,\.:.SS'

0:-1) ~w)\'1 r.'Yp 0:-! ~tA!liJ ~ J)' o~\ .)p)) ..!.:>-_,:}1) J~l

0 }.;) Jl:-..I U'Y y ~\ C: j!.o (c.>L-.4) Pasai J (LAL.) Mal aka ~ r.w..JI

[j._r-SL...] Saksono e:-" r"- n t : \ '\AA [.;.l.;~] Steenbrink e:-"

.('i"' - iA vP t\"1'\o

~ 45" ~ _r.:-S-~\ r.L:l J\'1 J~ ..:....;1.5'"}) '0::>-;_;ll ~ ~)

.r"'L.:...ll ~ J ,u_J.i\1 ;;~1 ~')L..... 'i' JW.\'1 y ;\...a;>. I Jf C.J_r. 4-if

~')l:; ~I r-:lWu ,4:-&-~~ ~- 'YJ Wl.i ..:Jij Le ~JlJ,.I ~ J)l

Stutlia lslamikll. l'ol. 2. No. 4. 1995

Tanzim al· T aqJ!fd al· 'llmiyyah -f.!JtJmiyyah 95

e:---81 0 ~I Jl o _r..::j.l ~J\J:.I 4 _,.a.ll l_r.->-f ...:.....U _,; L.,$" Jtil ~W.IJ

.tr-s:­Jiy .!l _,Jil ~ ...} o f>\.1; ~~ ~ ...} _r-).dl _r::.-..- ~I lh

J~ (:::' ~ ;)\J)t..;\) ~\ ~ ~L:AJIJ .~ c--81 Jl ~LJI 0_;}1

Ranggawarsita ow) ~ J~..dl j r. l_p-->-f ~ ~\ _ra.Ajl J~f

0l.S 0\J .(iO- C\ d' dl\1\1\ c[or-:--J Simuh) \AY'i #..:...... (~J)l.i.J)

~ L.. l_r-5 LS.iJI ~~ ~ J.P ~l:JI .._}1.5' ~\ lh 0~ ..!.lJjS" f ~~

' [ ...:.> .r.-->.-] Geertz) abangan Jf (<..> Jl..J:-1 (:J......__,. 'JI) Islam Kejawen <L#

.L)..CJ\ J~ ..L:>-~ ~) jl.aA.:JI.._} 01_r::.-..- o~ ~) ~\ lh . ( \ ~ i o

. ~ j>- I..).UI ~..lJ,.I

~ ~ ,~_,_...JI ;L.:; _;1 ~ ')4- ~~ ; }~.:11 ~)> 01.5' .:;.,>

)\jJ coJL>.- ~ .r<-..J1 ~J ~..SL!JI ...:.. 1~ .JA..:r..UI )..lJ,.\ ~~~~

~ e:---\.:JI 0 ~I .LIJf jly- ji~l J.P ~l ~I ¥ ...} ~...UI J~\

. .!l~ r-WI ~) a......ill\ ~,) ~\ d ~I Jl 0 ~~ 0 )\.>.. jLS::_., .y .r-5

~ j p i ..:r..UI ~\.liu:. ._Wl;. IJJI...c) :.!l~ ~lif if r+-' ~ ~ -.jf J~

Syekh J (L>J~I ~WI <.SJ_,...JI ~I) Syekh Nawawi Banten ._P f WI

.(1$y jJI ..!; #~I) Mahfudh Termas

.:,5 _r J ,~ y ~J..,. ~lj L.. 0~.,-!JI .JL.. _rku ? C'"\.:J\ 0 _,ill Jl

~ t.J.-! ~ 0~ '.:.r::--}J.r. J} ~ J.P ..!.lJ~ ~~ ,~')L.'JI ~ ..:,lL. ...U? C'"\.:J\ 0 _,ill ..h....IJf ~ .c.):o )-1 ~ ~')L.'il 4.....\J.ill ~~~

.!lL:..!. ..!..->. y.. ( ~<.!) ,j ):!)~\ '-="')l..h.ll .y ~ ..!...::>- 4)\.>.. \.i\)J /' j~l

~~ ..l)WI ~ j>I..U 01 (To ../ , ' ~ ~ o 0:---::i J.J'.) 1$ )\.>.. ..,._JU.

.J::J _rkl) ..LJIJ ~~J J l.rJIJ 4JY J .r4'" J 4.:Jl.......!JI ~)f if if')\... 'JIJ

Srutlla ls/rJIIIIkcl, Vol. 2, No. 4, 1995

96 Nurhakim

J->.> .l...i ~~ olA <Y.__.b J.Y d j:JI _r51 J ,s:.WJI ~ J.~ ~ ..li

. o J \.>.. j) ~I if";}._, 'JI .J..).A.:J I

..:..~_,k:JI o..U. ~ J-.a>- ~ f Lr" J u')WI o..U. ~...~>- J,..$' .:}J J

. ~ .J..).A.:J I

~ __,..Ajl .L:... G..~>- .l...i ~li:.ll U')WI olA J ~..1..11 lj')WI ~1 ,~1 t,}

~ 0 L... pf lj')WI oh ~( \ ~ ~ t) '(1;)) Azra ~f l...:->- _r..>- ~L-.11

,~L;.A Lr" .~J'v jJ d~\ j!.- ~ ~~ r-11 ~ ~~')UI s:.WJI ~ iu ..li

<.>;_,_.;WI o_;-.•'J <.>pil}l jW.t 'oJ\.>.. ~ J>'-.>J 1;::>-i s;.l>.- .J..).A.:JI I~

~> .:rs-~ el::ll ~,;11 t,) O J~.>. s:.~ ~.r Jj ~ ~ "~ ~)

. 0 )\.>.. t,) l_r.::;l Jj Jl_;jl ....; ,....u J c ')l,ll ;~f ~~ ,,_'".>\..)1 lh

~...~>- ~~ o _r.\JI ..:..uJWI tlyi ..L,-{ Jl ..:.. ;L.;.f ..li o')\s.f ;_,h-ll

Lr" J ~ C"81 ~ _,411 t,) o _r.W,I ..:..liJWI o.L. ..:...!...~>- 4 ..;f ,r.i- . ~

~ J lJ,. I "WJ I lir. ~ ~ . ..:...l...a.> ..li y ";}._, 'JI ..uWI t,) .J..).A.:JI ~ J _r-. J. f

..li ~I ( \ V- \ 'f J!WI t:" }I) 0:--:i )f. .J\.i l...:->-J , jl:..J-1 t,) 1_,....1...; ..li

J_,......of ~ 0 A~ ~l..;.JI /J· J.Y U" ;l..ll.l c: 0 _....;.~ ..:,)ll,Q;I ,,...\.A$.

yL...J...IJ J-b..:liJ ~~ ~\ ,J-S- ~..IJ... IJ ~IJ Jl:>. \JI w J ....u.ll

.~\)

~,Wj ~l::ll ~ _;ll (::-' ~...1>- .l...i o JG,. ~")\; U')\s. ~f ~)

~_r.JI _r-A j\IIJ 4..-}JI ~ t,) Y.,JLJI ~..J.:J.I ~ ;..ll.l ~ .y J ,~UI

Jl....c-'f; (::-' ~WI Lr" I~ ~ ..:..L.... _;ll oh ~ ~~ ~.lb J , ~ t,)

~ ~ JJ.j'JI ..ul.J.I ,j y.ill WIJ ~1;..1..11 .>1_,11 ~ s-ly ~WI oh

~ JJ.j'JI y')Lh.ll .:/ _r-5 ..!.1!~ ~~J . _r..>- C"\.:JIJ _r..>- .yl:.ll ,J;; _,Ajl

. "u-}..ll.l oh ~ ~)""" J~

Swdia lslamika. Vol 2. No. -1. 1995

Tanzim al· T aqalfd al· 'Ilmiyyah .ci-!Jiamiyyah 97

0~1 lh ? IJf ,_} ~J\J.-1 .i:--')\.:)1 Jf \..~,;.,.~I if , ~l5JI ~ s.\.:;

~ ..::...L-... _;.1.1 ~) ~L..:JI '-:--"'.l\.1 _pi;- ,! . .lh ,_} ~- 'i _,L..il ~ J y J~

..!J.) ~~ } ' J \5:.;)11 0 ~ ~f ~ ~ J ..J.j'i\ ~ J)r ~lb) '~)I

o _,.6... _,......... ~) o Jk ,_} ..:_j _r J\5:.i)r\ oh J..r..JI 0 _,All J IJf ,_} d>" o~

~ c..>.UI ~4 U')I.s. \J, ~ o_p'-)rl ~L:l l oh 0f ~ .J!UI 0_;11 ,_}

• 4.:.$-

..!JJL11 ~I ..L.:lA:JI o JG,. ~ J _rP _r:..s- C:--"l:JI J _,All ~ , ..!JJ-4)

c..>lJI J-A ~\ lh ,;;_,.;.~~)a; if"j._.'il t WJ ~\ _j" )1 ~ lj')WJ

-~Jl.J:- 1 ~ ))\ W \J .t..:..o ~ c..>.U\ ~LJI ~~ <.S)j) ~~ J_,.h;

:~· ~ . • t.-:11 :~\ A...I\.:W ,_,.. ~.J ..;..,.- ~ ~,..

_r:>UI ~ Lo J ,~1 JP' ..!..>~ 4 c:P j J r ._,..WI lh ,_}

·~' r.} ~ ~ t>' t:" _; r.} r ' d>" \...lA ~~ ~ u, p:.N t.?'

~~ ~y.j ~ _;.s' ~..U I ~I . '

~ ~ _rll ~ ~~ ~L:::J.I J J._,..;:cil ~Jl.J:- 1 ~\...WI op o.)4.r.

J f y ..UI ~WI .)JJ. .!.LJ.lS'" .)\j .ti J - o')l.s-1 ~~ W"'- _rs- t:"l:JI J _,All

..w <'An) ~ _r...) Ju ~ 0lJ .o Jl>.- r.} ~)' _pi;- ~~)..u ' ~~

"-;--->'" ~ IW ' iooi ,~..l).A; y "j._.l ~y.; ~Y \A or ~ ~

~ ~..l).A; ~y.j ;.__.. y \ t C\" C\ !lb J~ ( \ AA o) f. .I J .) 0 \.; ~

"n,, r l-:!__,.4; LA.i:--")1.; .)..w:. ~~ 1.; .?~ ~lkL ~~ \... 1JJ.)\... J ;; Jk

·i..Li:ll ~~ r.} \)_,.h; ~) IW

~ )1 ~y...rJI ..::...L..... _;.1.1 ~~ ,y- lA _r.i t..:>l>- ..:;...\~ J c_?-..lll ¥ 1 Jl

oL . o Jk ,_} ..:._; _r ~..lll ..u.WI ~ ~LJI 4,:.... j )rl ,_} } J 'JI ~ _,...; t.?l

Studia ls/onulca. Vol. 2. No 4, 1995

98 Nurhakim

~~J ~~ U)WI ~ _;:S' ;J~ Lly.UI ~_,A; J C:'"\.j f. l.r- ..:.-1;:11

~_;J ~\..... t_y1 J..U.I (:::" ~ Ul:LI o.L. ,~ }IJ ~lrJIJ ~U:JIJ

. ..l)lA::ll y- t_ \.t..U\J ~..UI ~~if~ J ,~ ~) d" J ~..UI ..u.WI

~I yU. ~ ~ ..!:..-;:>- J>-I..UI ~\ ~..UI ..u.I.....JJ t.U.I .r"'WI

~ _y. ~t_y\J ,LI;..ill ~ o} ... ; J o')l-.all .:>\..5:....5' ~\) ,~ y..

i~\ ~ ,_;>- ~I¥ d y~l (:: ~ o.>~ t.>.lJI J' ;..lll ~~

o JL5:;t. ,0 J...L,j 0 ~ u-J-'-·u 01 .y..J.I .lJlA.i ...; .u.w. o J~ ~w' ~

t_~l ~ ..!1-JJS' ~I ~ lyf ~I lh .y~l ~ ..;l_,k> J

..l)WI _,.). ~lk.U rAy. ,y- ~~~ o ;_rO ~ ~')I.....~~ J')l.:. t.y1 ~I_,AJ

-~ J ~">'--'i' <L>.-J ~ . (~I_,...A...ajl ~I) '-...(..lQJI ~\ ... ruXi y. .;->-~I ~~J

0 _;-AJI Jl ~WI .) _;-AJI ~ ;WJI r.L..WI .:.r-" li.r. 4-A-Jf ~~ oh i _,...JI

oil j_,t.yl o.>l.il ~f oJl>. r.L.h. 4-A-Jf t?l ~I ~JS'J, _r.s. ._,.....~ \

;JLJ.I_, '(U.l!lS) a.)~l i _,1JIJ J ~IJ ~IJ ..1.:>- .,:)1 ~pl:-c. ¥ ~~

Jl ~ .:.r' 1..5'')1......_. 'il ~I ~I '-!).r.:.....l .> .»" J y. J~l lh d t.U.\

../ ' ' ~A o ( ~o.P ~ J J..L..,a...) Masdar F. Mas' udi ~}.Ail) _r'- i j:>.­

Sahal Mahfudh ) '\ \ -r ../'\~A~ '(,_}I..: .).s-) Ali Yafie J '(Y · -o o

.(YY·-Yi'l' ../''~~t (j;.#J+--)

~~ _y..JI ..:.-l_r....t t.>.,G.l .)\ ~~~ t.>..U J ~ ~~ lh 4

u-i~~~ ~) ~\) _y..Jl .>l~f 0:-! ._:.,\.j')W\ ~ Jl ..:.-.>f 4.bt...::iiJ

a _._1.- l\ ..:.-L-_;1.1 ~_,1 ~ ~..1.>- ~~~ ,_} ..:.-u".>WI oh .~l..::>:-)11

y~)l\ ~\) .J~..U\ ~~ u.~ L.. '# ~~ ..;...~\) ...t>.-Lll_,

~,_, .:>i_;-AJI o _,":}u r-1...:.1..:-.i }' ~ d _, o")\...a.)l ~; r.bt.y 4-< a.6,J-1

~I J! ..u.WI ..!..LJ.; ~ i_,LJI ..:..k;l Jik.J.IIh if .~1_,:11 ~')L.'i l

S1udiu lslamika, \ill 1. No. 4. /995

Tanzim a/-T aqJ/id al· '1/miyyah ,t.Js/Jmiyyah 99

'-:--"'"1)1 l..l....A. s.bf 0 ~JJI y')lkll ~ 'j p ~I ~ y _,f o JJ-P t_} ~ ¥ 1

-~ J.Ul i..lkJI uly d 4::}1 \J.)\s. l. I~!~\} d if-y.._, 'jl c.S y.jJI

.) _,.iJI j.JI} ~ J)..U\ \.h.~.){.; 4..-..l..U d _frJU ~\ ~¥1 ~ _;1.1 L.f

-4- c..>l ("~ u ft-'11

) Serat Centini d Jl,-. 01-4- w _r..s. t-"\.::.)1

o _,L>.. ~ (\_; .rGIJ) Wanamana -4-) (0G~) Banten d (~ )S) Karang

~ ~f _rs. e:--l:.ll .:> _,.AJI ,:.r- y.->-~I ~)I J ly- ~ ~ J 'Y r-JI

'' <1. V \ ' [c.>.) J~ )---"'] Subardi) uh-) 1 o _,L>.. ~ (c.SJ~) Tegalsari

.( \ CI,Ao )\.1;

OJ~,) ~\..!..1.1 ~f :~1 ~ ~~ ~J;JJI. Y

CJL.>. J )->b d i_,LJI J.ii d V.;J.)J ..v.WI .r'~ Js- t')\b'jl ~

~_,.b ~- ;;_,L>.. ~ Jj}..)\ ~l-.WI i~ 0 0~ Jl W 0':i\,; .uWI

~l-WI 0:-1 u'jl-;~1 ~;1_,...::...--1 ~ o.) ~ _,!.1 ~y.jJI uL-_;1.1 ~

l..l....A. s.~ 'j ~ )~ ~I ~L.I.I tf> \... Jl.::.l~J 'v~'~liJ ~LJI_, J.r'WI

. 1.......=--J l:>- t_}l.i:JI ~I

~ .:> _,; t.i 1_,.;.\s. J.i ~ _? L Jlll t.r-.:JI s-~ y. e::r. .:> ~ 0f .)IS"

4w>} ~ ~ , _r..s. t-"\.::.)1 0 }JI if d\!!1 ._i...a.:.}l d ~ J , u _,I.A:JI o~

s.-y,_. j ~ _?J \...! ~ ~} 4.l...:. rA r+-" J5' J ,4.....-..W.I ~I; \II ~~\

yl.i:JI :UJWI_, r-)I U..., -.:...i\.5" ~.uW ~.)1.:-i s.Gf..) -~ _,f ii.l;L..f _,f

~I ~\ a.- j t5' ~f _?f.yl u)l...JI o.h. ~ if ·~ ~ ~li

·i ~~ ...,. -' Js- r+'""}U\s. v~J ~f tr-~-~~ ~ t.ili!ll J.)~' ~;I,,.....:.... I J

1_,..;f .:r:lll t~' ~~P ~ L l~f ~ t ~\.A!J I at I II o.U J d Jf o.J..>.I_, ;;_r; d s-Ir ? i -4-J -4- ~ 0f ..!JJ.Y ,;;_,~.:.,. Jl i-y.._,'i~

Srudta /slamika. \ill 2. No. 4, 1995

100 Nurhakim

~q ~- 4.3\.J..I ~h ·.r'l})l ~ yli:.ll u...JI ~ ..:,..jl$" ~ J~

p-i; ~l_p-JI ,_) J\.4;1 ~t 0 ):> ~L!..:ll .u.L..tll ~ ~I;..UI ~I ~__,by

.(A '-V'\ c./':' '\Ao }\J.;, t~}.R.il) W ;;_;,_.. ,:.r J\.4;1 Jl ~\.. ~~

Ll,.Jt ~ y )It!,..('\ '\-Ao c./',~ )1 ~) }l.Ji, ~L:....\11 ~f ..li

~ .L"f ~~ Y'J ~ ~t.s. .:r ~~~u .~--~> .ti ~~ yli:.lt

~ J )J""'V A....i! )!! (L-}:11 ~. ~) ~l$" ..l)ly .:.r .._;f ~ ;) v-:""\.....

~)Jt L._,. J ,;; )G,. ~ ~ Jrl' ~ ~~ ~)JJ ~/':>t::.-i ...,;\' ;; .;b

.(.S),_JI j-:... ~l...LJI o:>U ~ D A....ii ~U:, ~ 1·. • o·l\ ~)JI) ~;:>lA.I\

~ .:r ;; )G,. ~ j>-1..6 ~~.:f..~ .} c! ,.lj ti~1 ~ .;.,Jt; JL:l4)

0)~ ~ \;):>\.. .:.r ~ ~~) ,~..l:L-1 "W&:. .:.r ~yj-ll j;, # ~~

,:r y')LbJI ,:r ..J lyf oli _?'':> (.SJJI ~llh ~ ,a.,.l; o:>b! ~rJI <..Allt

~ ~ \JI ~~ c_ \.;1..1 ~~ y. J J J_,...ll .:.r...r-JI 0 ~~ t7' o~ ,:.r ~~

i ,.,..WI ~u; ~r.Jt ~:>L>- \11 ~ ~ .>--"' ) '(~ J..rd) Tebuireng .:.r

.~_?\II ~_rjl

:> J->r) Jl o ;U.l ~ ..:..-.:J t...l...a.lt o..U. '~ t...l...a.lt ..!.lJ; ~ y. \..

~~ ~~ :> _r->.) ~ ..!.L)..i.S" J..w 4:5:J) ,~..U\ L..I;..UI ~ ~;'_,,. •. .:.... \

~yJ.IJ ~ ))\ ~li:.l\ UJWI ...:...,.U ~ ~ ,:.r ~L..Wt ~ 'i _y. ~

. ))~\) J)~\ ~_,..:.11

U"J..Lil )l:........\JIJ 'J'J:> I.)\ ~I..L..":; I _p ~ ~\s...UI ~b ~I ~U, 0~

. ._. ;...l:-- 1.5 JJI •.• , . ..t.::S::JI ..jJ Jl "\s.JJ\ o:>y J ~

Jf ~..l:L. ' y... ru' J~' ~ ~ } J' ;:> ~.S ' ~~ ~ u:.ut:-11

<,S.l.JI ':>l;_..\11 jJ ~\ I_,AJ .:.r...UI o.L'L...)\1 \..l:,.... I __ ,Alf ..ti J.-...a.:liJ ,.::A \~1

~ Jl!ltJ ·r-l-J ~ .1t J..o .1t Jr J JJ\It )t.:....\lt J! ~ 0f Jl ~ '(~~) Jombang ..:r- \~\.::.._..,( 0~ '~ 1·. • •· 1\J ~;:>WI ~)JI.} .:,..lb

Studia lslamika. I'll/ 2. N11 4. 1995

Tanzim a/-Taqalld a/-'1/miyyah Al-lsllmiyyah 101

.:/) .Jl-.. 'i' Jl...:&- p 1 :.r J\AI l..i;. ,} ¥ ~ J..a.>- ..Lt ~ J ~~

c.>~ JJu1 2u1 4- t-:-=J' .:.r-) ~ ..L.>- P ' .:..r-) ~ ~) ..L.>- P ' .J-:!..UI ~ t-:-=JI .:.r-) I,)"YL...., ~ p 1 .:/) r-tj:.ll ¥ pi .:/)

~~ u-L ~~ J_,-; Jl ~ }-1 $-W>- ..r-J 4~/i Jl (oJL,. $-~ #) G.J.;. c.>?,} ~~J\; 1 ~j-11 ,} ~) ~) ~ ..L.>- pu -r-LJ ~

-("' ~ ,~LJI F }I tc.> ?-)I ~~ W' ~}:AJI 0 )) 4.L.LJI

~~ ...L#;:JI \~ J _,_~ .;f J->.-":J ~~..UI ;.l;L.... ":J1 t..f'L-~ ~

L..olA ~ c.>lJI JL.... _,ll ..L>-f .~w J ..L...; J~ 'j ...;_,...-J< c.>.lll ¥ 1J

,:.r- '-:--!.} ~ J ~ .:;f _rAJ ~WI ~ t _~-_,h; ~ )> y. lAtA ~ _,:.U

,.!LJ~ ~~ . ..y...ll o~L:.t..; ~ ~..t: .:; ~ ~~.:; ~ .:;f..; .fll;; .r"i

,~LS:JI a..... IJ~ ..L...; "-;--->- .$-L..WI .r"f Lf::.! ~1))\ o')I...JI ~ c.>~l ~

o .r-"f ~ .)1 ~ l....:i .) ~ W' ~\.kll ~~ ..:-:l ~}JI oh Y,.

..; t.~y.y ~ L..S" ~L!.i1 rf Lf::.! t 'J)I.:>f .c.>_r!-):1 ~v. p1 rl.::ll

.:.r- ~L!J.1 4..\")L..,. if ~ r ...; 1 _c.> J _,.:.11 p 1 ~_.Uj ..~.t _rs- t-' L::JI .:; ~~

t-'-/ ~ t Jj ..U ~ ,.._.f <..H_,.b ,:.r- ~I? 'jl tJ')LJI if J "-:-!f ~_,.b

4_j'~ c.>-L>-iJ ·(J-J~) Bawean .:.r- c->~":11 ~~ '-!)U. .:.r-~~ Tangerang~ ~LY ~ ..:...i}l ~..} Y'J ~.iS' ol:--')\; ~~ ~))

.!..UL:A .:.>f ..!J_.:;. '1 J -(~ t lJ-I ~.?L$) K.H. Nahjum y. J t(~l_}..t;)

.tA~ t._r-!5' U::..i

LS' J J_;..; .Ji ~~~ if J t-' ~ ;_,b.:-.. ~WI ~ 0~ JL.. _,}1 o~

. ~I l..i;. ~ '1 -.s=JI y -y._.. 'i I ~ ~_rJI ..:..> \.._., _;il ) I 0 _r.A...aJ I ~ 1.-..ll .:... ~

~15JI ~J '-1)..4}1 ~~ .T'

;;~u4 ..L..J.I ; JL>.- ..; ~~ c.>-YA:ll _r._,k:;ll ~ y.-J ; j}.~l ..:.;u')I...JI ~~

~I y JLA:! .:;f ,:r<.J.. -.s=JI ~')L<JI ...,_:..<JI o ;yP J:u.; ~\ ~I;..UI

~ .~<JI oh ~ y. o JG,. ~ltv,_)~~~ u lpll c.>~~ .s: I_,A-a.ll

Swdia lslomrka. Vol. 2. No.4, 1995

Tanzim al-Taqalld a/- 'llmiyyah al-Is!Jmiyyah 103

~ ~ ~lSJI ~ ~.U J ,~if J-1¥ yl::...<JI lh ,f ~ <.5.U\

Jly ~ ~ IJJ.:.t.. _, o Jk t_} ~WI ._;f _? -4 <S.ill ( \ AA i) c_J. 0.:. Jli

J_ri ~- .~l>-J c_J_r-) 0 p if d.j 7<11 ~ l_;..a.ll ~ ~ ~ y At

~ ~ o J_,s' .111 ~<J1 .!lli J \ ( \ ~A~) (l>-__ , . .,a.i 0 jl>-) Chozin Nasuha

~jJJI ~I_,Ajl ,f \ o J iWI d..AAJI ,f \ \ J ub~l w .:f ..:..;~ ~ y V

~ ..lJ-I J p--A.:.ll .:_rS- i) J _,..-.a-:ll .:_rS- V ) 0---! .J..l l J .r--" f .:_rS- ~ J ~ __,J I

. .:.IJJ~I)

~ c!: ..G (\ ~~o) ~)J. 'fr>'-~1 JJdl J.>- ~~ I~ JL<" 1~1

~h -~ J..u 'il ~WI ~ ~I~~ t_r" y ~ · · ll.~ t:~

I 'v J 4-0 I 'I' • ~ ~..l).A:JI ~~ u.:.l_,... ~ ~ jJ bl ~<J1

J u_,b _, w_ra-; 1. v J ..!-:.:.l>-I4.Y_r>: !. AJ w ..u:-1; 1. , 'I'_, J-.JJI J~~

..U ) IJ ~Y.~I ~ /. -, J u~fi .:.IJJiJ ~.:.f 4s-,_.>.I o J li')l>:-f I. ~~

<..? w ~1 -!lli .:f ~ L..i...:S ~ ~)J. ~) -~~) ~L:liJ

L.. j__,G lil ~LS:.Jt_; ,J~I .,.lA, J.>- ~~~WI~,.} o~ _;..<"f

.j'JIS' ~J oJk ,_} ~\ ~l_;..a.l l ~<JI ~

:~1 -~Y/J Y.J.rYIJ ~:>f.:SJ; :4,__,JI a.i.UI...u:-1_; .__.IJ.:. Jt.s;,.}

:~\) -r"frl! i.J#J [fy)l ~/.i.):J-.J..l \ J~fJ .•. ,.A~yfl ~J ~/ ~

: .j')\....:.:. ~, __, J _,..-.a-:ll) -vb~.)l) j/)1 t_fi : ..!-:..lJ-1) . _..r.-J-1 _p--i.i"J j:l)/.)..1

.(iA-\ i ~c./,'~~ o ~ JJ.) .~IJ ~~yt

y')lb 4::! ~ i _,1JI .)~ ~~ ~ J-J_,$' .111 0~1 ~ if

~..lJ- IJ Ji~IJ J _,..-.a-:l iJ ..1.....:>-_,:)IJ ~~ ~ ~ ;;_; J'~ l ill;,_}~\

~J J~\ r-LJI Wb ~~ ..U ...Wli _/:11 015" 4 .4,___,.JI WJI .u-..I_;J

'~jJJI i _,-WI Jl [L._:i i _,....w1 oh JS" .__,IJ.:. j>:-~) .J _ra-:jl ~ ~ _,:)1

i _,..1JI .:.r-' ~I ylb lA.:----o 4--J--4 \.... I _r-5 ~ f 4, __,JI ...u:-1 _,Aj I d ~ ~

Swdialslamika. Vol. 2. No.4. 1995

10<1 Nurh.Jklm

~ c-\.:JI 0~\ .r""i 0~ t,.,.~ \.. J ~L..JI ~ }Jl t-'-.; )-41~_, .c.,S_r:-":;1

IJ..L..>.JIJ oJ\...>.. ~~ }S J..j o..U.I ~~ ~ ~ ,\.:.:.l.::i! _rs1 oJ...o j..~

J~IJ Yl>-J ~J ~J [ 7-J ~I) ;;J~ ~ s:ly oW_;l.l ~

~\.:5" J ~ 4 d t,.,. .»--_r:-f ...li o~J..;... t--"'Y .y- ~<.J1 ob .J.:.)l:JI _,i

.y~~l ~~ ~ \.. lp!5"' 0_;11 l.lP, 0~ I..U.J '(ulk~) ~

l_r-->-iJ (\A\ 'r) L;Vl-: ~~_,.!}I 4\s. ~ t_} p$" t ~ 't>Jj ~I

~) 1.-:1.:5" \ \o 0-" _rSt ~ ...l.J (\AY~) <~.,.~1 a...<s.:_}y) _;:......1

z o. J'.r-> .\5'<11 r )-' ..;if)~ ~f J')b:. .:.r- ~IS ~" ..r>-' )~

0-" I~ rA- )S'":JI y\.:5:.11 J 'r-WI y ')1.1, '-f.:... ~ _,.PI..:LI o J J! ~ .y

.:r:.l.ll J:UG-) J...r.--?' .:r-~ 0-" p-d. I~ ylS y. c..S J j oW_;.. .J:!

.(to-t r ~, \ ~AY

lp--::S' ~ .sJJI ~L...WI ..1.>-i ('Avo- ' v A -~) .!))fL.)\.S01 ~t; J J...o'-f

-:;-- 4.:-f '~Jl:l.:-1 "-A.U~ l,.,. JS'fJ ~I ol_rs. ~ ...Li J 'i..S_r!- y _,L~

-!.1 ~) W I ~L;..J J r.fl_rl- 1 .;-y~ jfL..ll ~ J ..t..:>WI._:r-->i J ~lb..ll

~~ 0-" l.)~f 4- y.L>yj-11 Ji># ~\) .(\ · i-\ · \ ~, \ ~Ao

,~, .:.r- 1_r.-5 ~ J rl.r!-1 ..1>......-il ..; u-:<JJ.::.ll ~; ..:lli.. t>lJI ;; J~.:.,.

~ _riA J J...L......:> ...li .1W ..1.>-IJJ ~ J...L..aj t 4-:-- ....... )) ~ u-".._ J ly-J

Termas Pacitan J.of .y t W I l.lP, J .~I o_p$" s: lj>."f ~):.) ~~ t.>;

J..j ..!.Ll£ t.>~'-:11 r-!'t,.,. ~IJ ~JJ-1 .:.r ylS .J) (0~1.; j\.. })

-~. ~, \ ~Ao 1.5~ j) c..>}-~'~ ~...~-u.J.::.l o~..:..o ojl>.-! ~ j...a.>-

. ( ~' I~ ...l.J ~ ~\...k. if _r.5 .!)~J 0JJ_,5'.lil yl::5:JI s:L...WI ~ s:'iy

~ ~ .~;} ) ... 4.:>-IJ yl>J c..r-~ ~":;1 ol.il_;l.l j..<G ~

.~1 ~t; ,y ~~ J:tJ ) .. a.;;;.:. \ ) C.J7- t.Ap1 ~41.:5' ,)

,~ ~ ~ y_;f .)~)f J'\.:JI ~ U:.J ~\.:5' ~ Jl )2J4

,4_;_,'j1.!.LJ.; ~ y')l...._'i' ~~~ )_,h; ~ r~'il ~\.; .:.r u...b ~~~ .:r<.lJ

Stutila ls/amika. Vol 2. NrJ .J. 1995

Tanzim al· T aqalld al· 'flmiyyah al-lslamiyyah 10)

r-Pl1) ~_,JI ~\) ~<:.--~1 ..:;_,\.?')t.b'::/1 yi ~t1..:;....1) ~I~ J...\..0

.:.;--J . _H .L>.- ;) ~I I~ 'v"UI ~ o J~ ~ ..l.:!J.>.. if lA J4J:.! ,_}

i y-LJI _r:.-:, o;)IJl ,_l..J,JI >- '::/ p if LS'"Ul J..U.I 1..5 f.. ....,_;t>JI tt.S _rJ "-::>-Li

..L.).A.:JI ~)~I y J) iiJ-> :11J J-U...G'::/~ )_,.._.;Ju .,J-+:l.:-1 "Jij'; ~..U1

a_r.)) (. _r, ~ '-:---""" ly. J .Jr-::-·f. L::>-li ,_} >-WJI >- '::/ _y. ~ ~I

r"' t.S .r->-i "-::>-- \.j if ,:_r<J) 't_.,JI I .h. if 0 ~ '::/ ~~ 'J~ !..?" )l..a:>-1)

o.L.A. 0~ ~ ~i.J -.:Jlj L. Ul1 ~ ~~ J~~l.: ,.t...i::S'"'::/10JA

oL ~ ~..l).i:l l y~';l .kL... J~l ~ I~U y~~~ ..L>-f ~ a..Jl:l-1

._:r-..UI ,.~1 J....:. ~ ub ~ ~ .:.;-- r+-" ~ J.>.. y. t u~_,...JI .!.1 J~ Jf ;)l.S' IL j:... ~\.£J1 ..l).A; J~ W J..Gl t__,.;:.) ~I.:J ·r' ~

~ ~ J..G ';I ~~I .:.;-- _;:-$J I >-)-.-I t.S ..U J _,.-Jl ~ o~ _,A.; J l5"' _,)__, >-LA.ll

.~1 ~\j. ,_} ~10f ..0-:.. '::1) '~}\

j.S-_,:31 .ft'-" ~ ~tJI : ._:r-~ .:.,.--' o 1_,:.-... ~ ~I t.S ..l).i:jl _;tJ I J l

~ t.S _,.-<.A.ll ..L.).i:jl ~ ~t;) (i r:---- 0 ~ 0 )~\ ~.) if"j ......... ';I

.~ ~ >-\.?;)'::/\ 0->- U u--J "-!1.:.-<JI o~ .!.UK .r"~l J\.5' 1~1 .WJ..Gl

-~ ~ ...li t.S_r'-1 "-!1.:5' J~';l if

~K ~ ..w -~ L.S'- ;JL>.- ~ Y~'i' ..uLA.u o;)'::IJ 01

L<...f) tul.:L:J.I) tJ.>..LliJ ,~~ Jy-kll J....:. U....r.:-'- ~;) uL-y

"JL... J ~ ;)IJ.;:..\.5' 4-i4 J_,.AJI ~- ul.-J11 oh .0 rciJIJ (..::..>~) ~\

~~ J~ '-'"' _;-i:JI 1.L.A. , f>Lk.ll ~ J ·c--1}1 ~~ e:: u~;)~l ~ul ,_; ¥1

• ~~ ~ "-.J j ,_} Jw

Studio /slamika. Vol. 2, No. 4, /995

106 Nurhaktm

J ~I ..:;_jlS ~ C""l:.ll .:.> _,.Qjl .:.>} (' '\ '\ '\') ~)f. ~ ~ J

L__j ... l..il . o <'11 ~ 1- 1\5"" L.......i ....l.il . ~~...;:.; ....!-:.i l J.j u · - 11 t.s-"' - - ) • ...s-' ~ -/*' - -) • ..5 - J - r"'"'

'-fj\5:........ )-51 ~I ~U\11 J5' t_} .:.> J_r..:.:..,. S' \.....Q.s-f \J. ~~ ~~I ~_;kll

~l_r...-1 ~ ..!.Lli ~_;kll .:.>t ~ ~ .:.>t ~- ~J..ll lh) '.) _,....1-.

.fr-" y-i j \...UJI ~I .) _,Ai .J.>.. y.. L:..A.LA . .:_,b _,ll lh t_} (J.-. 'jl J l.:. .)l .fr"' .}

.( t '\' vP '''\Vi) (~ y.) Johns) <..P )~y o_#>i W' i)I._.'JI ~

..!..L-c _ _, y~'fi .. : .. A.,..<.lil :.r' ..s-~'fl .f}' J~ ~'..s" .uWI ..:..\...........y ,:,(

~i ~I .._? ...:...\........... Jll o~ .•• .r.-JI ~~ J! r--y._. 'fl _r...; ..} ......,i _;S"'JI ~ ~~

. ""-I\' _,ll o..i..> ..} r)\....... 'jl r. ~.>..iJI ~ )'

AJ ~ c:--l:.ll .) _;31 d .) )~ ~WIJ ifl..:>. )II »>WI .) _,Ai .Jl

(\'\'I"'. _ , 'H o) l:;_?~ r.} ~ v-:-"t; r-" J t_} V'\..:JI ~J~ if~.)

~I) y')L..l L:....> .)~)I ~i }J ('AAA) J:i~ r.} ._P.>-')WI 4......0} ... ••)

.:.> y-> J.Jil 4k- "-:-iWI o J.r=JI o.l...A> '(\<\A" , \ '\ vr (j _,; }-.... ) San:ono

.~ J....l.i'il ~~ d5" .r ~)I.:; JJJ..l vl....ts"' t... IpS

~I l.l...A> ~ ~L4!ll a.Ll...JI Jb:. ~UI ~~ r.} ~ _rU J.j W'

~~~ o.l...A> ~ J-u <..>lJI ~ f t&. Jl J _,....,}I l_r.-:•d ,_?- o J..lill ~LS'

'~ J.I-Y.\; if <..> ~ t.y1 ~LA C L:l-1 f WI y. J ( .:.> J_rWIJ ? ~l:.ll .:.> _;JI)

bLA ~f p~l .:_r<J J -L;; _r W'- rWI ~WI ~ J~ .} ~,..J <1-i \J

.~1 ...L:J.A.;JI ~)_r:.... l ~ L.l....:AI _rs1 ~. LS.iJI o Jl>. S'~ »-f <l.if y:>

.)~ ~~J (»>l-11 if~~ Jly--) o Jl>. ,_} o~l »>WI J5' ,_} 4...,Z

~\ (::" ~t ~ ~~ .:.> y<J.s.. lh G J Jll:--::i J....l.il t_} ..:.r.J..ll S'W. j

.(iA-'i '\' rf, \ <\Ao <.>_,.!$-)I ~I) c...>_r=-~1 ~LA Ll:LI

~ y')L..'il i_,...wiJ ~l_r-i l.l...A> ~~ ~~ .)_,Ai ~ d_p.:.l

.L-.; o....l.i l ... - J ..

Srudia /s/amiktl. Vol. 2. Nn 4. /995

Tanzim .cf.T.tqalid al· '1/miyyah dl-lsllmiyyah 101

Jl .,___;JI ....___. : 11 ..L.lA.:ll I • .,__;I ..L.lA.:ll · ~ I ~ • . t.:.:....;:. f LS ' . . . r - ..;---:-- - .:.r-Y ...r- ..5 -'

")L.... 'JI C !-II ..L.J.4j u..:; .I:. ..l...i ..u.WI .l:.L... f . •f 1..:..) ~ - '1 if t ~ - . .n"'"" ) ) ..5 .I ) u -· /'""

.:> .;-il' ~t-U. ~ .:r- ~ _,....JI Jwty, ~£ _,t ~-'lh-1 ~ _,)~ tr.-al' J (l>pil)l) al-Raniri (l>;_,....;WI o,;.-") Hamzah al-Fansuri j!.o ~ C::!WI

~ ·(J~ ?) SitiJenar ~1_, !S.,.b--_,...JI (..:;...UI ~) Syamsuddin

t_~l if"'}.._,. 'il .> _,..Ajl '--:.f. J~ L )-> j Jj ~ rJI Jl '-:-:! _,iJI ~~ J y>-.)

J ~I ;L(_tf .:,~ -..J-L.a.; ~..1.>-f Jj .!ll£) ,~1 :f ~jt.J.,. \ ~6-J)~

..U ill£ U J'~ l ..!,l..t ~ ~I_,- 4..----:i__,.:JI ~ r=JI }-5~,; \:1_, ~~

)U:-1 .:r-J . .uWI ~ o.) ~ y ~ LS ~)I o ~~ .;...JJ J d->" - ..:..J.>..)

~L .(.§ _,U,.I ~ J.J.j'i\ ~I ~ !.5 ,_A; ~I ~I I.>L!. _,$' jj~ .1-.J.>..)

,;; .r.->-~~ 4....KD) ;;.) y. r ~ 0~1 ~_,IJ:., ~6-_,)I 0i ~ ~ 'Y aJU-1

4....:)\J:.I L:.ib-))\ ~ i-y._,. 'il ~l....? jJ '\ ~ i V '(l>~ ; ) Rasyidi C: .J ;~.;

oL j_,......,) 1..1"1__.{ ~ )U..I ,j-'* .(to-" o ._~ '\ ~ Vo (,§.) .J.Y p\,; ~IJ) o _,_i ~ ( \ ~it) ..:,.. p--= ,.,? ~)\J,.I ~6-J) U:..:..il o ~I U:.. \II

~.i... ~ .:r" J <L.i~ \ ~ V \ ~ ~ jL:.\1 0., d->" ;; _,~,;.,. ~ ~..lll ~~

J r=JI ~ i "j...... 'i1 :f" / (::: l,.. ~~ .!lli. 'i W J.J.jl ~ i -y._,. 'jl .)II~

~ 4....:_.,kj ~ ,_rv ._...b; 0f ~~_, ~ uU-1 oL 0f} J .h... _,';I

-~~~

Prim bon 4....:)\J:.I ..J-1_. ~I ~ ~\5 ~ ;_r-A~ ~ ~~ y t.,.

~ JJI.i. J _r.S'\:1 ~)I oU y. ~ u=JI (~Jlh-1 46-J)' Jw f ..~.>-f) jowo

~ o _,.....J L:; J ..U:-) ~rJI Jl JL!.I ~I ~I (,§..iJI -=..j }I t_) ( \ A V Y" )

~LS:JI _, '"-~ l..l"'l> ..::..>.: Jl 0\.>..~ .JG'il -~'i l ~ ~ .J.>.. f ~ ,jj _,~,;.,.

~ ~L.ill 0-"'1_,s:J1 o _,L>.- ~ 0f ~ _, o..G-1_, u~ 4...:); 'i! ~- 'l

Srudw lslamika. lbl. 2 No. 4. 1995

lOS Nurhakim

. Lt)\J:.\ ~6-J)\ ~ 0 _,....,.1_;:! l_,llj L.. ..:.j _,ll l..i;. j~ r-"') ~)\J:.I ~6-))\

.¥1 ..l)Z J.>-~ '1 lSJJI ~_;ll )t:....i Jl ~ E'"J- JL.ll if J=ilJ ~ 0 ~ L.. lfr$' 0tJJ\ o )\.>.. tr.- o.liL...i ~ ,0)-1 •• !.l.b ~Gt c)

o..l.AU L.. lfr$'- j!.o ~~~ ~~ 0 ~ L.. I_#' ~I ~l)f if C ".>WI

JLiJYI J ,c.>r.JI ~I J, ~I) 4.-r _}I ,c.>_p5J! J J WI /-~IS:JI

L&-~ c) ;;~ y:-y ~<JI oiA J) ~I;JI ~ J ~/? fif J e:.ft.:.ll J

.(~l_,i..P ~ \ .. jly-- ~if ~l):J1 ..:.-~

0~ , ~L.. l>. r- L.S" ~)IJ:.\ ~6-J)l ~ ~\ ;y.X ~

J~\ c:?') ~_,A;] p$" ) _,A. ~~~ WJI if if~ 'jl ~~ ~\ J-*" y.> ~~ u-' ) _,..Ajl I ..G. ~ 4:: l:.$"' c_J>Le ~ (::-" 4,L.l):J\ ~ ~~ J J.J-1

ui.A!l1J ~->\I I ~~ y_.>IS'f ~ ...t...W- ~l...c-'1 ;P ...Uu <>JIJ:.'J c.,>y.JU'

y~~~ 0f ~ (\ C..AA) "--=>-))>f ~ ~ ~~ ~\J:.I '~y.JUI

j-:J...lll ~lilu--<.t.. Ulll oL) (L:!_r) ~~~ ~ )) ~..lAJI u--) )J.j'j\

~rJI ~\_}..of if 4.::-:i)J.j'j\ ..:.-6-~'YIJ ..:.-~\ o_;S" ->y.y. ~

'beradab ,adil -.......lS' a...........:l-1 t.s~WI u-' ~~~ c~:il if ..li. L.. J!..-)

t.... <.S T> 0i -!JJ.l5" L:.S:.c. (perwakilan 'permusyawaratan ' hikmah 'rakyat

\)_r---S:- .) y.)\J:.I 1)\1) ~~\ lSI ~y.Jlil J )_)-~ ~ lS y.Jlil ~\ ~

ha · na - ca - ra - ka) J ~UI ~l.k.:JI J.>- ~)\J:.\ WJ\ if ~Wy ~l:.S"'

Jl ,~L; '~L: ,.__Qj{ J).)-~) y_r-~)1.>.- ~l:.S"' ~~ .)\ Jl (o_rT J!

~ ~_,i '1~ f I _,_Ali t.P.:!)U:-1 o.lil-)U lS _,ill I J _raJ I 0t _,...:J J. ( o _r T

~I ~)l_v. ~ljy.-111~ ·('C/JG-) 'tf?) '(/f4 j!.-) ~JIJ:-1 ~.;hJI

~\: ('+--1;~ ~l?. u-1~1 .j JJJI .)~I c) ~ .r pf 0 y.)IJ:-1 .) ~...lll

. ..!l!L.. .:.r.l

Swdia lslamikll, Vol. 2, No. 4. 1995

Tanzim al· T aqalid a/· cllmiyyah ,/.Jslamiyyah 109

'J ~Wu ~~\S\'1 ~~ J ~t.:..<JI ~ ~~ ~~ lh _;t; ../' ~

:~~~ ~\..iJ-1 ~ ~J) ts;lAJI or-~ 'Jl ~

) Cc!}-~·"') Semarang ) (~~\JJ-") Surabaya OJ\>..,.) o~l !)J.ll ,_;"

0..Lil ~ J (~ J~) Bandung J (\.; _?~) Jogjakarta ) (\.;}'I>.) Jakarta

Pekalongan '(c!~) jombang '(L>_r---:!-l5") Kediri j----:.--) o.r- ;. ..aJI

~ ~ L...:3 (_,J .r") Solo ) (4')l...<:-t;) Tasikmalaya '( JU. _,liS:;)

~~ ~l,....i..aJI ...,._:;...<J\ ..:..L:.:.-<.. J -:r.~l:JI <.>..LI ~1.5:.11 l.Sf. , \ '\ ~ r - \ '\A·

..::...'JL....)I ~ ..:.JJ.lS"'_, .uWI I~· ·· ; LS' s:- 1~1 ~~ ~ ~~ ~\>.::

'~JL:l:-1 WI Ji WI~~~~ a...J.ll ...,._:S ..::...~ J r>-'JJ (ul:-:-:--<JI)

_?f ~J -lll>WI !l".>4;-'J ~ ~~ oh Jt ~ -~JI.J.jr"J ~JJ~t.._,

~I ~- 'i .:r-..UI l.5 _;JI ,.) ~I ;Y ~ o Jt; J Jl;..:JI ~ )~I

, _,..a.1.il l..i.....l. ~ L. . ~\))' } ..:...~\) ~..LII if }..Lil ~ ~lA:J~ )'l

oL ~ ~~ ..::...\... _):...... 0:; a.L:. ..t>.- j .d ....,_;-1.5:.11 a.b-)l. ~- /'LWIJ

WI 0 _,j fi. .,r...UI 0 y.JL:l:-1 o..i.;l.... ~I ~ 'J JA . ~l:S" 4jl.1, J lp.-l::il C: ~~

· I.: .1.:.- . ._:U; ~ . .:. 111 • · . <1 ,l.S.) ;\ t . 4...J.... ~ L . ~ .. 11 ~ '11" ~ • .r'"' ~) .:.r-"'"') . )"" T- • . • ~ •. /'"'

~ /'U;. ~I l..i.....l. J.!.o ,~)'1 Lilli Ji ~ v-~':11 } ...,_:..<JI ~ j

~_rjl oJ\.>. (0~j) Tuban (..SJ.f-") Senori .y C.~ ~I 'j.;.. JL.::...:.;')\

~I ~.15') (\'\A "f) s:l:->-Y' J!.- 0 p-:S') 0~ ..,_.:5:j1 ..::.,.\~ f""'"; jj

.Ja-.-_,ll oJ\.>. '(c!YJ) Rembang if~ .S_,..a-1

o)jJ J l_r.f J ~~~'J' t .. 0 1J.11 y')'J.. ~~ 0t ~- ~~ lh ;t I~ .:.>f ~ t+"JJ~ ~1~1 j;t ~'iJ~I . ..:..~1 J ly-,.) ~..LII 0p1

c_;G:- ~ ~) ('ngabda'u" A ~ ~ \... p!-<.51) t'.r'' i /..# Jt.....;,~

L v)..Lll :..r" yl..&- ...U ~~ IL t..f'J ~)>.:/,._A....~ \ if ·v-) ..l.ll

Studio l.rlamika. Vol. Z. No. -1, /995

110 Nurhakim

J_:.. JL...-;. \II t. lr ~~ J,\.A:.... 0':J1J , \ ~ Vo L "\Jj) ~~ )} '0.>'':1 J

. <.>.,A} I ~ ~ ..l..ll V' )..lll .i.:--')\; if \'1 .i.:--')81 ~ ~ ~I ..!Jl;

~) ..:...L. J..j l.l..A ..r.--:--<.!1 ~\ .;f ~· ._r-l o-:>~1 ~lSJI ~\.j <..>.ill

o.l..A .~~..l..ll ,:r )1 oi..Li ~I~ ~I ~10~ J...~ <.>_r.. ~LSJI

I_,.Jij L. ~ j~\J . U. j ~) ..u.WI .kL. _,f if p ~ L. lp ~I tll.J-1

. 4.:.- [_))-\ ..;.)> .:/' j ~

~L..i.ll

0 _;-ill ~ o Jlk. if'jo._.,. 'il ~I ~I JJb,. j~ £lJ1 ~~I if

~ ,:r ..:...i ~ _ri.JI j{ _,J) ~~\ ~ )-1 ,J-" ~lll ..} ~L. _r>- t-"\.:.h

.Jw ;t ..:...1~ J a.;.f' y:- -o Jr..;~~~

~ )-1 ..) y\.i:JI ~ly ..} oJ\.>.. "\....Is. J .i.:--')1.; if ~ ~ JL.:... J}

~ <..>_r>-f a.:S:...! if ~I.,Y\A.::.ll ~.0}A ~ L. lp 015:....'JI ~

u-=JI o JL_,. ~ ~I ~~I _,...,LAJI ~ U l..:.i} • J I_,.JIJ ~) til

. ~~ y,:, u. ..:...L..... _;..5' lp-!5" . :,$" j-ll ~ ~ ..} ~) ~\ 0~ ..} y -y,_.. 'i' ~I ..:..>)La.! I ) _,1; 01 d..U. J .~.)W. pi- t;:.~l J.]., L. Jlv _,.... J ..:.....l..l J ~..l..ll ..:...L..... J.UJ ..u.WI if

if ..!.>~ f IJ_,k; !.lL:.A. Jl .i..).WI ~I ..:...\ ~ ~I JL.s-\JIJ "w.JI # ~ o~ .b~)ll~j Wb ~I ~~~ L....._;iiJ ~...UJY'~

J~\ ~ Jh <.>~ ~..l>.- ~ Jy_l;'J J)JI ~.~I 4Jl.k .~1..} ~ _,i:JI <.>} J

..r.--<4:.1\J u-WI ~\ ~;l_r-:.-1 ~ ~)J ~-)~4 ~ _,i:JI I~

~'J 1..5'-y._..'i' J.,k=l' ,Jl:l4J .~<: . .t.~.) _;S1 oJr..; <.>~' 1..5'-y._..'i' .y )I ~~..l..ll ol~ Jlj L. ~\ .. :m 0~1 .;i-'-.:! ,~,

Stud1a lslam•ka. \bl 2. No. 4. 1995

Tanzim al·TaqJiid al-'1/mryyah ~tl-!sl.imzyyah 111

:~I.Jfoll

Drewes J (f .r. ;r.> .Ju) van den Berg "-' rw L.. ~L!,. 4 rt.AJI '-"<WI <..,..tJ,.Ut -\

Steenbrink JUt,_, . .J _;Jt lu .} ;J:.L-.:Jt ...,._:..<Jt J ( I Wl J I AA 1) (..r-_y.; >)

.:.,-s- (.r-'-tJ.r. .Ju) van Bruinessen J .....; }--•.it ; _,.:1,) U.... J! j:Ll.t (.,!.l; P.---)

. ( \ '\ '\ 0) .rW> \!I y\::5:Jl .:r ~ ~l:..<JI •? -.,...;~ ~ ...:',)L..J\J .r-s- ..r't;Lt ~_;11.; r':A-'i' J ~\£J1 -r J #. ... r_...Wt ,..._.:11 y (.!k_r.) Schrieke .... l!.. ..,_;L..... ~~ .:.r ..:U£ > ~ _,~')1 .J:>-; Jll ~L...Wt ..._~ y ~£ -.,..5 ...U (\ '\ '\ t) (IJ)) Azra J (U-.:11 ~t,,JYI). Wali Sanga

.:, _,...Alt .; ~':A-'I' u)..Ut ../' ~, . .r-s- .:r-Ul', .r-s- r-:W' ~ _;11 .} r #' JAi J _, J....,Y J-:i j) Taufiq Abdullah c(;_,.; ;W.>) Deliar Noer ~ ....,_5 ...U J..r-JI

·r~J (-'-~y.) Boland c('~) Benda c(}\1) Dhofier c(.J~i) Alfian c(.S..t :"-!1.:$' __,; (jj;L...) Sanono 4 A-' ..;Jt ~Jllll .} ~,.U1 ;~t jL..A.:..!:.t _.,.~ -r

.._rc\'\'\tU}"t..Pusrakajaya iJ:-)ciAAA n;e Peasants'RevoltofBanten ~JT"JY'J rWt Ji..;~l Jl \AVr <.;..... (J.lya) Holle JJ yL_b. t-' l· '\-Y·A

~ ):-1 .... ,..th:J...t .} ;_.<:_,]Mecca in tbe Latter Part of the Nineteenth Century ~\S'.} .(1'\n .E.J.Brill :.J~) lr~l:lt .J.;Jt.; ....... ll-1

~~I] Mutiklslam Kejawen coy-\(/,,;.~) H. KremerJ Stelling~ p i -t

cSukmon~ .J) ... -' .A-I ../' c(\ '\AA UI Press :1.;_;-k-) [<qll-t ~ _,) ~':A.-)'1

.....__;\.A!lt f'-1.)..; v...\A...o] Pengant.ar Sejarah Kebudayaan Indonesia !II (y yS r-) . \I· ... /'' •(I '\'\1" cKanisius :l,;j"l,..<....) c(T" ~J~'JI

....... J-Ill; ~~ L<.. __,; '-::..J.ll '..,..WI j > <..,.. )~ 1_,.:; ...U J ~ J~'fl 1 \ '\ l" t <:....- .} • 0

. .:;,......,. ,~':J'.l Jt..-i) ~~ ...u ~)I._~ .JL .....; .r ...u J . ..;..,')L..Jt

Studia lslamfka. \.hi. 2. No. 4, 1995

112 Nurhakim

Bibliografi Abdala, Ulil Absor, •Humanisasi Kitab Kuning: Refleksi dan Kritik atas T radisi

Tntelektual Pesantren" in Ptsanrren, No. 1, Vol IX, 1992. Ardani, Moh., ·Tarekat dan Kejawcn: Sepiotas tentang Tasawwuf dan Mistik

Kebatinan Jawa" in Pesantren, No. 1, Vol., IX, 1993. Azra, Azyumardi, faringan Ulama Tim11r Tengah dan Kcpul,wan Nusantara A bad

XVII dan XVI/l (Bandung: Mizan, 1994). Benda, H . J., "Kontinuitas dan Perubahan dalam Islam di Indonesia· in Taufik

Abdullah, ed., Sejarah Masyarakat Lintasan Historis !slum di Indonesia 0 akana: Yayasan Obor, 1987).

Bruincssen, Martin van, Tarekwt N.zqsab.zndiyah di Indontsza (Bandung: Mizan, 1992). --, Kitab Kuning, Pesantrcn dan Tarck.tt (Bandung: Mizan, 1995). Dhofier, Zamakhsyari, Tradisi Pesantren Qakana: LP3ES, 1985). Drewes, G.j .W., Javanese Poem Dealing with or Attribuced co tbe S.zmt of Bonang, in

BKI 124 {1968). Gcertz, Clifford, Islam Observed (London: The Univesity of Chicago Press, 1971). --,The Religion of java (New York: The Free Press, 1964). Hafiduddin, Didio, "Tinjauan atas Tafsir Al·Munir Karya Imam Muhammad Nawawi

Tanara", in Ahmad Rifa'i Hasan, Warisan lnteleklllal lsl.zm (Bandung: Mizan, 1987).

Hamid, Ismail, Kesus.zscera.:tn Indonesia lAma Bercorak Islam Oakarta: Pustaka Jaya, 1989).

Kartodirdjo, Sanono, Protest Movemenr in Rural favJ (London: Oxford University Press, 1973).

--, The Peas.znr' Revolt o[Bantcn m 1888 (trans.) Qakana: Dunia Pustaka jaya, 1989).

Mahfudh, Sahal, Nuansa Fiqih Sosial (Y ogyakana: LKiS, 1994). Mastuhu, Dinamika Sistem Pcndidikan Pesantren (Jakarta: TN IS, 1994). Mas'udi, Masdar F., "Menguak Kitab Kun ing" in M. Dawan Rahardjo, ed., Pergulatan

Dunia Pesantren (Jakarta: P3M, 1984). Nasuha, A. Chozin, "Epistimologi Kitab Kuning" in Pesantrcn, No. 1, Vol. V1,

1989. Noer, Dcliar, Gerakan Modem lsl.zm dz Indonesia 1900·1942 Oakarta: LP3ES, 1991). Poerbatjaraka, Kepust..zk.t..m ]wWt (Jakarta: Djambaran, 1952). Roff, W. R., &fslam di Asia Tenggara dalam Abad ke-19" in Azyunurdi Azra, ed.,

Persprektif Islam di Asr.J Tcnggar.J Qakarra: Yayasan Obor, 1989). Raffles, TH.S., History of java, jilid I (London, 1830).

Swtlw/,·/amika, Vol. 2. No. 4. 1995