Indigenous Plants of Baw Baw Shire

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Indigenous Plants of Baw Baw Shire

Indigenous plants are attractive in both bush and garden settings. They are well suited to the local area requiring little maintenance, while providing great habitat and food for native wildlife.

Revegetation Guide

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Plant communities and using this guide

After countless ages of field testing through the process of evolution,

you can be sure that when you use local plants in your next project they will be well adapted to the local soils and climate.

In most cases no supplementary watering or fertilising will be required and ongoing maintenance will be minimal.

In terms of procurement, it is now easier to obtain large numbers of indigenous (local) species than any other as local nurseries are now geared for large production runs in suitable pot sizes, to meet the demands of revegetation projects. Those landowners choosing to directly sow native seed now have several local seed banks from which they can purchase suitable seed.

Planting indigenous plants helps to maintain the biodiversity of the region by helping to maintain the complex interdependencies between plants and animals.

Many introduced plants have served the region well and continue to do so (e.g. introduced pasture species), however the danger is always there that introduced plants can fail due to their unsuitability to the local conditions. More seriously though, the opposite can occur, where in the absence of their usual pests and predators, and finding favourable growing conditions, introduced plants can become troublesome weeds and displace native plants and animals. A companion booklet to this guide, “Common Weeds of Gippsland”, is available from shire offices, detailing weed species and control methods.

Local species can be used in all instances where introduced plants have been used or are currently in use. Amenity plantings, erosion control, waterway management

and windbreaks on the farm and in home gardens have all tended to favour introduced plants in the past, although the expense and disadvantages outlined above have tended to shift the balance in favour of local plants. Used correctly, this guide will help those using local plants achieve a more successful outcome by at least being able to plant the right species in the right location.

Using this Guide

This guide is essentially about choosing the right species for the right situation, but before delving into this guide in which every attempt has been made to do precisely that, some attention needs to be paid to the local landscape which often reveals more than a reference booklet can. Your patch of bush can reveal which species do well in waterlogged or salty sites, when seed is ripe for collection and much more about how plants associate with each other and the dependant soils and climate.

The succession of plant species is often quite complex and can really only be fully understood by observation of a natural system.

The plant lists in this guide are a relatively comprehensive species list for a particular area and not simply a reflection of what is available at local nurseries. Species, which are not commercially available or difficult to either propagate or establish, have been listed, but marked accordingly. The planting zones identified in the fold-out map are based on a system utilised by the Departments of Primary Industries and Sustainability and Environment (formerly NRE), known as Ecological Vegetation Classes (EVC’s). In reality, there are scores of different EVC’s within the Shire; each

of which much more accurately describes the soil, topography and vegetation than this booklet attempts. To obtain a more comprehensive description for your area, contact the nearest DPI/DSE office to request an Ecological Vegetation Class (EVC) map and species list, or access them through the Victorian Resources Online Website (see back cover).

The cross sectional diagrams in this booklet are a depiction of a fairly mature landscape and the keen planter needs to be aware that some of the species depicted in these localities will most likely not survive as pioneer species in a bare landscape but will need to be planted in successive years once a cover of hardier plants has been established.

Once you establish which planting zone you live in from the map on the foldout page, simply go to the colour coded pages which represent that zone, then ascertain which part of the landscape you live in from the cross sectional landscape diagram, which will have a code for the plants most suited to your site. Your selection based on these two parameters alone will go a long way to ensuring the future success of your project.

Native Vegetation Retention Controls

The destruction, removal or lopping of native vegetation, including roadsides will probably require a Planning Permit. Consult your local council for further information.

Removal of native vegetation from native bushland areas for garden use is illegal in Victoria. Most of the plants listed in the guide are available from local native plant nurseries at fairly low cost.

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Methods of RevegetationNatural RegenerationWhere there are many trees and shrubs, grasses and herbs already present, removing stock alone can be effective. Many plants will slowly re-establish. However the grazing pressure from rabbits, wallabies, wombats etc may be as much as from stock, so fencing exclusion plots may be necessary to ensure survival of palatable species. Some disturbance such as fire or scalping (removal of surface soil layer) may encourage seed to germinate. Some missing species may need to be introduced as grouped plantings in clearings and heavily guarded/fenced if necessary.

Planting TubestockThis is a method frequently used to establish the taller vegetation types in gullies, along streamsides, and on steep or uneven ground where direct seeding is difficult.

Plants which will eventually be over one metre in height are planted as stage one of a site. Generally they need to obtain canopy closure after 5 years to out compete the grass, change the conditions from pasture to bushland, and to provide conditions for smaller understorey plants to be later established. For the larger forests 2000 per ha, between 2 and 2.5 metres apart usually is required.

Spotspraying a metre diameter circle for each plant with a knockdown and perhaps a residual herbicide will ensure a pasture free area for the young seedling to establish. This needs to be done at least two weeks before planting to make the spots easily visible. Seedlings are available in Forestry tubes (12 cms by 5 cms) or Hiko tubes (10cm by 4 cm). A Hamilton Tree planter or Hiko planter is used to remove a plug of soil the same size as the tube. The seedlings are then removed from the tube and firmed into the soil.

After one year’s growth the plant will be taller than the grass, which acts as a windbreak during the first year.

Plastic guards may or may not be required depending on the level of pest infestation. Rabbit control can often be done for less cost than guards and wombats or wallabies need stronger measures.

Some local nurseries will provide indigenous seedlings as tubestock from your own local seed, if you are willing to collect your own.

Plants need at least 12 months to germinate and grow to a size ready to plant, so put the order in early.

Direct SeedingWith this method the seed is directly sown on the ground, relying on rainfall to allow for germination and growth. The soil usually needs to be deeply disturbed, exposing fresh soil and removing pasture seeds. Scalping, mouldboard ploughing or using a machine designed for direct seeding natives have all been successful methods.

Preparation of the site may require herbicide applications as well, particularly if the pasture is well established.

Large quantities of seed are collected from the local area and from the species in the EVC type.

These are then treated for optimum germination if the species requires this and scattered over the freshly prepared site. At least two kilograms per ha is required. There needs to be reliable follow up rainfall for at least two months or more.

Black-anther Flax-lilyDianella revoluta

Milkmaids Burchardia umbellata

Snowy Daisy-bush Oleria lirata

Forest BoroniaBoronia muelleri

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Seed CollectionSeed is collected from species growing naturally in the local EVC type. The seed is then used for tubestock propagation or is directly sown. Permits are required to collect seed on public land. Contact your local shire or DSE (see back cover).

Seed ripens on most species over the summer months and careful observation is needed to collect it when it is ready to fall. It can be handpicked or shaken into bags or sheets. Some species retain their seed all year round in hard capsules and will open after picking. Keep all seed very dry to prevent mould, sieve off leaves and twigs and store in sealed, named containers.

The Seedbanks in the region may be able to fulfil orders for you but again they need to know well in advance. There may be seed from your area already stored and available for sale.

Maintenance of the siteAs the area of the site is undergoing great change, especially in the first few years, careful maintenance is required, regardless of which revegetation techniques are used weeds will still be present particularly if the site had problems before it was revegetated. Several sessions are needed each year to walk through the site to spray and hoe blackberries and other noxious weeds.

Strong growth of pasture grasses and weeds can smother the growing plants and compete for water so they dry out.

Good site preparation improves their chance of survival but some weeding may be necessary the first year.

Supplementary planting or seeding may be necessary to ensure that the cover is dense and gaps are not left to become weed infested.

A comparison of methods used to establish plants in South GippslandIn the past most sites were established by using spot spraying and planting. However, direct seeding is demonstrating considerable savings in time and cost as illustrated below, and is very suitable for sites which have machinery access (most slopes less than 20 degrees.

Tubestock Direct seeding

Stems per ha established at one year

1500 4000 -22,000

Cost per ha including the labour component

$3000+ $1000 -1500

Time required per person

10 Days 2 days

Species established for first stage of EVC reinstatement

80% 50%*

*(This is dependant on seed available for sowing and needs further development)

Tubestock for direct seeding would still be required for sensitive areas such as streamsides, very steep slopes, uneven ground and gullies.

BlackwoodAcacia melanoxylon

MessmateEuc. obliqua

Wonga VinePandorea pandorana

Seed-type Variation

Mountain ClematisClematis aristata

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Tall SedgeCarex appressa

Musk Daisy-bush Olearia argophylla

Silver Wattle Acacia dealbata

Red-fruit Saw-sedgeGahnia sieberiana

BanyallaPittosporum bicolor

Soft Tree-fernDicksonia antarctica

Tree LomatiaLomatia fraseri

Gully GrevilleaGrevillea barklyana

Narrow-leaf Peppermint Eucalyptus radiata ssp. radiata

Twining Silkpod Parsonsia brownii

Stinkwood Zieria arborescens

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• Swamp Scrub (EVC 53)• Swampy Riparian Complex (EVC 126)• Floodplain Riparian Woodland (EVC 56)• Riparian Forest (EVC 18)• Swampy Riparian Woodland (EVC 83)• Riparian Scrub Complex (EVC 17)- use photo provided

Moist Lowlands

• Lowland Forest (EVC 16)• Heathy Woodland (EVC 48)• Shrubby Dry Forest (EVC 21)• Clay Heathlands (EVC 7)• Grassy Forest (EVC 128)-use dry open forest photo from South Gippsland

Reveg Guide

Drier Foothill Forests and Flats

Mountain ClematisClematis aristata

Dusty Daisy-bushOlearia phlogopappa

Scented PaperbarkMelaleuca squarrosa

Grass Trigger-plantStylidium graminifolium

Twining GlycineGlycine clandestina

Common CorreaCorrea reflexa

Planting Zones within Baw Baw Shire

Ivy-leaf VioletViola hederacea

Woolly Tea-treeLeptospermum lanigerum

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• Shrubby Foothill Forest (EVC 45)• Wet Forest (EVC 30)• Damp Forest (EVC 29)• Herb-rich Foothill Forest (EVC 23)• Cool Temperate Rainforest (EVC 31)• Warm Temperate Rainforest (EVC 32)-use High Rainfall Ranges and Foothills photo from

old Baw Baw reveg guide

Damp/Wet Forests

Hazel PomaderrisPomaderris aspera

Prickly MosesAcacia verticillata

Silver BanksiaBanksia marginata

Blue DampieraDampiera stricta

Handsome Flat-peaPlatylobium formosum

Victorian Christmas-bushProstanthera lasianthos

Smooth Parrot-peaDillwyinia glaberrima

Cherry BallartExocarpos cupressiformis

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Planting Zones within Baw Baw Shire

Damp/Wet Forests

Drier Foothill Forests and Plains

Moist Lowlands

Sub-alpine and Montane Vegetation (Not included in this guide)

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Heath Pink- bellsTetratheca bauerifolia

Spiny-headed Mat-rushLomandra longifolia

Silver WattleAcacia dealbata

Tall Sedge Carex appressa

Golden Bush-peaPultenaena gunnii

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Landscape diagram

Plants evolve to grow in certain places in the landscape. Some plants can grow well in most areas, while others

require a more specific landscape location.

For the purpose of this guide we have divided the landscape into five sections (see above). When selecting plants from this guide first check the planting zone you want to plant in (see map), then check the landscape location. The table on the following pages indicates which planting zone and landscape location each plant will grow best in.

Riparian Swampy or Seasonally Inundated River Flats South and East Slopes/GulliesC Upper North and West Slope/Crest

Damp/Wet Forests

Drier Foothill Forests and Plains

Moist Lowlands

Sub-alpine and Montane Vegetation (Not included in this guide)

�0INDIGENOUS PLANTS OF BAW BAW SHIREINDIGENOUS PLANTS OF BAW BAW SHIRE

Tall Trees (10m+)

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SEED TIME COMMENTS A B C D

Acacia dealbata (P) Silver Wattle X X X Dec – Jan Fast growing legume. Coloniser plant/timber/firewood. x x x

Acacia mearnsii Black Wattle X Dec – Feb Fast growing legume. Possum and Glider food source. Good firewood and timber. x x x x

Acacia melanoxylon Blackwood X X X Jan – Mar Long lived, good timber/firewood and shade tree. x x x x

Atherosperma moschatum Southern Sassafras X Late Nov – early Jan Drought intolerant ornamental tree for cool, moist, temperate rainforest gullies. x

Eucalyptus baxteri Brown Stringybark X Year round Often found on poorer soils as a low spreading tree x x

Eucalyptus bridgesiana Apple Box X Year round (best Jun – Feb) Distinctive round, glaucous, juvenile foliage. x x

Eucalyptus cephalocarpa Silver-leaf Stringybark X X Year round Spreading tree with attractive silver-blue foliage. x x x

Eucalyptus consideniana Yetchuk X Year round (best Dec – May) Suits well-drained sandy and gravelly soils of low fertility. x x

Eucalyptus croajingolensis Gippsland Peppermint X Jan-Mar Bluish-grey foliage with a strong peppermint smell when crushed. x x

Eucalyptus cypellocarpa (P) Mountain Grey Gum X X X Year round (best Jan – Jun) Grows to a very large tree under favourable conditions. x x x x

Eucalyptus dives Broad-leaved Peppermint X Year round Good shade tree, but low tolerance to cattle grazing pressures. x x

Eucalyptus fulgens r Green Scentbark X Year round Spreading tree with thick fissured bark. x x

Eucalyptus globoidea White Stringybark X Year round (best Mar – May) Usually found on dry, shallow, rocky soils. x x

Eucalyptus globulus subsp. bicostata Southern Blue Gum X Year round (best Mar – May) Large iconic tree with distinctive blue-green juvenile foliage. Has the largest gumnut of the locally indigenous Eucalypts. x x

Eucalyptus muelleriana Yellow Stringybark X Year round (best Dec – Feb) Slow-growing dense hardwood. Good timber tree. x x

Eucalyptus obliqua (P) Messmate X X X Year round (best Dec – Feb) Grows on wide variety of soil types and habitat, varying in form. x x x

Eucalyptus ovata Swamp Gum X X Year round (best Oct – Mar) Common in lowland and riparian zones. Koala habitat. x x x

Eucalyptus radiata (P) Narrow-leaf Peppermint X X Year round (best Dec – Feb) Widespread on poorer, shallow soils. Heavy bearer of seed. x x

Eucalyptus regnans (P) Mountain Ash X Year round (best Dec – Feb) Largest of the large. Allow plenty of room. x x x

Eucalyptus sieberi Silver-top Ash X X Year round Large tree usually found on drier ridges. Widely grown for forestry purposes. x x

Eucalyptus strzeleckii Vv Strzelecki Gum X X X Year round (best Sep – Feb) Similar to E. ovata but a more stately robust form. Only found naturally in West and Sth. Gippsland. x x x

Eucalyptus viminalis Manna Gum X X X Year round (best Jul – Mar) Koala habitat tree. Very large tree in deep alluvial soils. x x x

Nothofagus cunninghamii Myrtle Beech X Dec – Jan Very ornamental tree for high rainfall areas. Avoid drying out during establishment. x x

INDIGENOUS PLANTS OF BAW BAW SHIRE ��

Legend # Not readily available commerciallyR Rare in Australiar Rare in VictoriaV Vulnerable in Australiav Vulnerable in Victoria

(P) Photo on this documentssp Subspeciese Endanged in Victoria

A=Riparian B=Swampy or Seasonally Inundated River Flats C=Upper North and West Slope/Crest D=South and East Slopes/Gullies (See diagram page 9)

LANDSCAPE LOCATION

INDIGENOUS PLANTS OF BAW BAW SHIREINDIGENOUS PLANTS OF BAW BAW SHIRE

SPECIES COMMON NAME Swam

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SEED TIME COMMENTS A B C D

Acacia dealbata (P) Silver Wattle X X X Dec – Jan Fast growing legume. Coloniser plant/timber/firewood. x x x

Acacia mearnsii Black Wattle X Dec – Feb Fast growing legume. Possum and Glider food source. Good firewood and timber. x x x x

Acacia melanoxylon Blackwood X X X Jan – Mar Long lived, good timber/firewood and shade tree. x x x x

Atherosperma moschatum Southern Sassafras X Late Nov – early Jan Drought intolerant ornamental tree for cool, moist, temperate rainforest gullies. x

Eucalyptus baxteri Brown Stringybark X Year round Often found on poorer soils as a low spreading tree x x

Eucalyptus bridgesiana Apple Box X Year round (best Jun – Feb) Distinctive round, glaucous, juvenile foliage. x x

Eucalyptus cephalocarpa Silver-leaf Stringybark X X Year round Spreading tree with attractive silver-blue foliage. x x x

Eucalyptus consideniana Yetchuk X Year round (best Dec – May) Suits well-drained sandy and gravelly soils of low fertility. x x

Eucalyptus croajingolensis Gippsland Peppermint X Jan-Mar Bluish-grey foliage with a strong peppermint smell when crushed. x x

Eucalyptus cypellocarpa (P) Mountain Grey Gum X X X Year round (best Jan – Jun) Grows to a very large tree under favourable conditions. x x x x

Eucalyptus dives Broad-leaved Peppermint X Year round Good shade tree, but low tolerance to cattle grazing pressures. x x

Eucalyptus fulgens r Green Scentbark X Year round Spreading tree with thick fissured bark. x x

Eucalyptus globoidea White Stringybark X Year round (best Mar – May) Usually found on dry, shallow, rocky soils. x x

Eucalyptus globulus subsp. bicostata Southern Blue Gum X Year round (best Mar – May) Large iconic tree with distinctive blue-green juvenile foliage. Has the largest gumnut of the locally indigenous Eucalypts. x x

Eucalyptus muelleriana Yellow Stringybark X Year round (best Dec – Feb) Slow-growing dense hardwood. Good timber tree. x x

Eucalyptus obliqua (P) Messmate X X X Year round (best Dec – Feb) Grows on wide variety of soil types and habitat, varying in form. x x x

Eucalyptus ovata Swamp Gum X X Year round (best Oct – Mar) Common in lowland and riparian zones. Koala habitat. x x x

Eucalyptus radiata (P) Narrow-leaf Peppermint X X Year round (best Dec – Feb) Widespread on poorer, shallow soils. Heavy bearer of seed. x x

Eucalyptus regnans (P) Mountain Ash X Year round (best Dec – Feb) Largest of the large. Allow plenty of room. x x x

Eucalyptus sieberi Silver-top Ash X X Year round Large tree usually found on drier ridges. Widely grown for forestry purposes. x x

Eucalyptus strzeleckii Vv Strzelecki Gum X X X Year round (best Sep – Feb) Similar to E. ovata but a more stately robust form. Only found naturally in West and Sth. Gippsland. x x x

Eucalyptus viminalis Manna Gum X X X Year round (best Jul – Mar) Koala habitat tree. Very large tree in deep alluvial soils. x x x

Nothofagus cunninghamii Myrtle Beech X Dec – Jan Very ornamental tree for high rainfall areas. Avoid drying out during establishment. x x

Messmate Eucalyptus obliqua

Mountain Ash Eucalyptus regnans

Black-anther Flax-lilyDianella revoluta

Milkmaids Burchardia umbellata

Snowy Daisy-bush Oleria lirata

Forest BoroniaBoronia muelleri

��INDIGENOUS PLANTS OF BAW BAW SHIREINDIGENOUS PLANTS OF BAW BAW SHIRE

Small to Medium Trees (5-10m)

SPECIES COMMON NAME SEED TIME COMMENTS A B C D

Acacia obliquinervia Mountain Hickory Wattle X Nov – Dec Highly ornamental. Can withstand snow and dry periods. x x x

Allocasuarina littoralis Black Sheoak X Year round Very ornamental foliage and bark. Separate male and female plants. x x x

Bedfordia arborescens Blanket-leaf X Late Jan – early Mar Prefers cool moist shaded conditions. Will tolerate full sun in moist conditions. x x

Callistemon pallidus Lemon Bottlebrush X X X Year round Found on shallow, stony soils but adaptable to a wide range of conditions. x x x

Correa lawrenceana Mountain Correa X (Cuttings) Dense attractive shrub for moist gullies. x

Exocarpos cupressiformis # (P) Cherry Ballart X X Oct – Mar Attractive tree, difficult to propagate. Need to preserve existing stands. x x

Grevillea barklyana v (P) Gully Grevillea X Dec-Mar One of only few Grevilleas and found only in the local area. x x

Leptospermum grandifolium Mountain Tea-tree X Year round Dense foliage and covered in white flowers in summer. x x

Leptospermum lanigerum Woolly Tea-tree X Mar – Apr Mainly riparian. Locally uncommon in dense stands. x x x

Melaleuca ericifolia (P) Swamp Paperbark X Year round Tolerates wet and saline soils of good fertility. Suckers freely. x x x

Melaleuca squarrosa (P) Scented Paperbark X Year round For damp less fertile soils. Locally uncommon in pure stands. x x x

Notelaea ligustrina Privet Mock-olive X Nov-Jan Found in sheltered gullies and slopes. Needs some protection to establish. x

Persoonia arborea v # Tree Geebung X Feb-Apr Yellow flowers in summer. Not widely grown, needs supporters. x

Pittosporum bicolor Banyalla X X Feb Slow-growing local Pittosporum tree with dense foliage and attractive flowers. x x

Rapanea howittiana Muttonwood X X Dec – Feb Good for streamside plantings. Moderate growth. x x x

Tall Shrubs (2-5m)Acacia genistifolia Spreading Wattle X Late Nov – Dec Common throughout dry forest and woodlands. Tolerates a wide range of soil types. x x

Acacia mucronata Narrow-leaf Wattle X X Dec – Jan Establishes readily by direct seeding. x x

Acacia oxycedrus Spike Wattle X X X Nov – Dec Dense, prickly heathland shrub. Adaptable. x x x

Acacia terminalis Sunshine Wattle X X Oct – Nov Winter flowering. Widespread after fire, but short-lived. x x x

Acacia stricta Hop Wattle X X Nov – Jan Good colonising wattle, may sucker. Establishes well by direct seeding. x x x

Acacia verniciflua Varnish Wattle X X Mid Nov – early Jan Ornamental, sticky or shiny leaves as if sprayed with varnish. x x x

Acacia verticillata (P) Prickly Moses X X X Dec – Jan Very prickly tough plant. Establishes well by direct seeding. x x x x

Allocasuarina paludosa Scrub Sheoak X X Year round Compact shrub which performs well in direct seeding. x x x x

Banksia marginata (P) Silver Banksia X Feb – Apr Grows in a wide variety of soil conditions. x x x

Banksia spinulosa Hairpin Banksia X Year round Drought tolerant. Likes well-drained acid soils. Adapted to high fire frequency for regeneration. x x x

Bursaria spinosa (P) Sweet Bursaria X X Late Jan – mid May Masses of summer flowers. Valuable bird habitat. Long lived. x x x x

Cassinia aculeata Common Cassinia X X X Dec – Mar Fast growing, short-lived coloniser. x x x

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LANDSCAPE LOCATION



Acacia obliquinervia Mountain Hickory Wattle X Nov – Dec Highly ornamental. Can withstand snow and dry periods. x x x

Allocasuarina littoralis Black Sheoak X Year round Very ornamental foliage and bark. Separate male and female plants. x x x

Bedfordia arborescens Blanket-leaf X Late Jan – early Mar Prefers cool moist shaded conditions. Will tolerate full sun in moist conditions. x x

Callistemon pallidus Lemon Bottlebrush X X X Year round Found on shallow, stony soils but adaptable to a wide range of conditions. x x x

Correa lawrenceana Mountain Correa X (Cuttings) Dense attractive shrub for moist gullies. x

Exocarpos cupressiformis # (P) Cherry Ballart X X Oct – Mar Attractive tree, difficult to propagate. Need to preserve existing stands. x x

Grevillea barklyana v (P) Gully Grevillea X Dec-Mar One of only few Grevilleas and found only in the local area. x x

Leptospermum grandifolium Mountain Tea-tree X Year round Dense foliage and covered in white flowers in summer. x x

Leptospermum lanigerum Woolly Tea-tree X Mar – Apr Mainly riparian. Locally uncommon in dense stands. x x x

Melaleuca ericifolia (P) Swamp Paperbark X Year round Tolerates wet and saline soils of good fertility. Suckers freely. x x x

Melaleuca squarrosa (P) Scented Paperbark X Year round For damp less fertile soils. Locally uncommon in pure stands. x x x

Notelaea ligustrina Privet Mock-olive X Nov-Jan Found in sheltered gullies and slopes. Needs some protection to establish. x

Persoonia arborea v # Tree Geebung X Feb-Apr Yellow flowers in summer. Not widely grown, needs supporters. x

Pittosporum bicolor Banyalla X X Feb Slow-growing local Pittosporum tree with dense foliage and attractive flowers. x x

Rapanea howittiana Muttonwood X X Dec – Feb Good for streamside plantings. Moderate growth. x x x

Tall Shrubs (2-5m)Acacia genistifolia Spreading Wattle X Late Nov – Dec Common throughout dry forest and woodlands. Tolerates a wide range of soil types. x x

Acacia mucronata Narrow-leaf Wattle X X Dec – Jan Establishes readily by direct seeding. x x

Acacia oxycedrus Spike Wattle X X X Nov – Dec Dense, prickly heathland shrub. Adaptable. x x x

Acacia terminalis Sunshine Wattle X X Oct – Nov Winter flowering. Widespread after fire, but short-lived. x x x

Acacia stricta Hop Wattle X X Nov – Jan Good colonising wattle, may sucker. Establishes well by direct seeding. x x x

Acacia verniciflua Varnish Wattle X X Mid Nov – early Jan Ornamental, sticky or shiny leaves as if sprayed with varnish. x x x

Acacia verticillata (P) Prickly Moses X X X Dec – Jan Very prickly tough plant. Establishes well by direct seeding. x x x x

Allocasuarina paludosa Scrub Sheoak X X Year round Compact shrub which performs well in direct seeding. x x x x

Banksia marginata (P) Silver Banksia X Feb – Apr Grows in a wide variety of soil conditions. x x x

Banksia spinulosa Hairpin Banksia X Year round Drought tolerant. Likes well-drained acid soils. Adapted to high fire frequency for regeneration. x x x

Bursaria spinosa (P) Sweet Bursaria X X Late Jan – mid May Masses of summer flowers. Valuable bird habitat. Long lived. x x x x

Cassinia aculeata Common Cassinia X X X Dec – Mar Fast growing, short-lived coloniser. x x x

Wiry BaueraBauera rubioides

Tasman Flax-lilyDianella tasmanica



Cassinia longifolia Shiny Cassinia X X X Jan Bears many flowers. Fast growing coloniser. x x x

Cassinia trinerva Three-nerved Cassinia X X Feb Bearing many flowers, summer flowering dogwood. More fleshy-leaved than other Dogwoods, relatively long-lived species. x x x

Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bush X X X Early Jan Prickly shrub with edible fruit. Valuable bird habitat. Tolerates shade, long-lived, prefers moist conditions. x x x x

Exocarpos strictus # Pale-fruit Ballart X X Dec – Apr Maintain existing populations as propagation is near impossible. x x x x

Hakea decurrens? Bushy Needlewood X Year round Prickly suckering shrub. Useful screening plant. x x x x

Hakea nodosa Yellow Hakea X Year round A yellow flowering Hakea, while the other locals are cream/white. x x x

Hakea sericea Bushy Needlewood X Year round Widely found as an understorey plant in dry open forest. x x x x

Hakea teretifolia ssp. hirsuta Dagger Hakea X Year round Very sharp foliage. Useful for excluding stock. x x x x

Hakea ulicina Furze Hakea X Year round Very prickly. Good stock excluder. x x x x

Hedycarya angustifolia Austral Mulberry X Feb A cool rainforest shrub with bird-attracting fruit. x x x

Kunzea ericoides Burgan X X X Late Feb – Mar Hardy coloniser. Long-lived, seeds freely. Can become a weed and invade poor pastures. x x x x

Lomatia fraseri (P) Tree Lomatia X May – Jun A forest dweller but can grow in exposed conditions. x x x

Lomatia myricoides River Lomatia X July Attractive Grevillia-like shrub. Scented cream flowers in summer. x x

Olearia argophylla Musk Daisy-bush X Dec Best in moist sheltered sites. Very long-lived under good conditions. Large attractive foliage. x x x

Olearia lirata (P) Snow Daisy-bush X X X Nov – Dec Fast growing and flower bearing in spring. Prefers moist sites. x x x x

Ozothamnus cuneifolius Wedge-leaf Everlasting X X Dec-Feb Dense creamy-white flower heads over summer. Needs shelter. x x

Ozothamnus ferrugineus (P) Tree Everlasting X X X Feb Hardy. Not a true “Dogwood”. Relatively long-lived. x x x x

Polyscias sambucifolia Elderberry Panax X X X Jan – Feb Prefers moist conditions where it suckers freely. x x x

Pomaderris aspera (P) Hazel Pomaderris X X X Late Dec – early Jan Grows well in thickets. Prefers moist sites but tolerates dryness. x x x

Pomaderris elliptica Smooth Pomaderris X X Dec – Feb More compact plant and less common than Hazel Pomaderris. x x x x

Prostanthera lasianthos (P) Victorian Christmas-bush X X Jan Best suited to moist sheltered sites. Mauve summer flowers. x x x x

Prostanthera melissifolia Balm Mint-bush X Dec-Feb Very aromatic foliage, with many mauve flowers in spring. x x x

Pultenaea daphnoides Large-leaf Bush-pea X Mid Oct-Feb Frequent after fires. Masses of yellow flowers in spring. x x x

Solanum aviculare (P) Kangaroo Apple X X X Mid Dec – mid Mar Broad shrub with purple flowers and fleshy, orange fruit. x x x x

Tasmannia lanceolata Mountain Pepper X (Cuttings) Leaves used as condiment. Avoid dryness when young. x x x

Zieria arborescens (P) Stinkwood X Nov – Dec White flowers in spring. Strong odour when broken. x x x

Tall Shrubs (2-5m) continued

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Gristle Fern Blechum cartilagineum

Mountain Grey Gum Eucalyptus cypellocarpa


Cassinia longifolia Shiny Cassinia X X X Jan Bears many flowers. Fast growing coloniser. x x x

Cassinia trinerva Three-nerved Cassinia X X Feb Bearing many flowers, summer flowering dogwood. More fleshy-leaved than other Dogwoods, relatively long-lived species. x x x

Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bush X X X Early Jan Prickly shrub with edible fruit. Valuable bird habitat. Tolerates shade, long-lived, prefers moist conditions. x x x x

Exocarpos strictus # Pale-fruit Ballart X X Dec – Apr Maintain existing populations as propagation is near impossible. x x x x

Hakea decurrens? Bushy Needlewood X Year round Prickly suckering shrub. Useful screening plant. x x x x

Hakea nodosa Yellow Hakea X Year round A yellow flowering Hakea, while the other locals are cream/white. x x x

Hakea sericea Bushy Needlewood X Year round Widely found as an understorey plant in dry open forest. x x x x

Hakea teretifolia ssp. hirsuta Dagger Hakea X Year round Very sharp foliage. Useful for excluding stock. x x x x

Hakea ulicina Furze Hakea X Year round Very prickly. Good stock excluder. x x x x

Hedycarya angustifolia Austral Mulberry X Feb A cool rainforest shrub with bird-attracting fruit. x x x

Kunzea ericoides Burgan X X X Late Feb – Mar Hardy coloniser. Long-lived, seeds freely. Can become a weed and invade poor pastures. x x x x

Lomatia fraseri (P) Tree Lomatia X May – Jun A forest dweller but can grow in exposed conditions. x x x

Lomatia myricoides River Lomatia X July Attractive Grevillia-like shrub. Scented cream flowers in summer. x x

Olearia argophylla Musk Daisy-bush X Dec Best in moist sheltered sites. Very long-lived under good conditions. Large attractive foliage. x x x

Olearia lirata (P) Snow Daisy-bush X X X Nov – Dec Fast growing and flower bearing in spring. Prefers moist sites. x x x x

Ozothamnus cuneifolius Wedge-leaf Everlasting X X Dec-Feb Dense creamy-white flower heads over summer. Needs shelter. x x

Ozothamnus ferrugineus (P) Tree Everlasting X X X Feb Hardy. Not a true “Dogwood”. Relatively long-lived. x x x x

Polyscias sambucifolia Elderberry Panax X X X Jan – Feb Prefers moist conditions where it suckers freely. x x x

Pomaderris aspera (P) Hazel Pomaderris X X X Late Dec – early Jan Grows well in thickets. Prefers moist sites but tolerates dryness. x x x

Pomaderris elliptica Smooth Pomaderris X X Dec – Feb More compact plant and less common than Hazel Pomaderris. x x x x

Prostanthera lasianthos (P) Victorian Christmas-bush X X Jan Best suited to moist sheltered sites. Mauve summer flowers. x x x x

Prostanthera melissifolia Balm Mint-bush X Dec-Feb Very aromatic foliage, with many mauve flowers in spring. x x x

Pultenaea daphnoides Large-leaf Bush-pea X Mid Oct-Feb Frequent after fires. Masses of yellow flowers in spring. x x x

Solanum aviculare (P) Kangaroo Apple X X X Mid Dec – mid Mar Broad shrub with purple flowers and fleshy, orange fruit. x x x x

Tasmannia lanceolata Mountain Pepper X (Cuttings) Leaves used as condiment. Avoid dryness when young. x x x

Zieria arborescens (P) Stinkwood X Nov – Dec White flowers in spring. Strong odour when broken. x x x


SPECIES COMMON NAME SEED TIME COMMENTS A B C DAcacia gunnii Ploughshare Wattle X Late Nov- Early Jan Flowers late winter to early spring. Sharp foliage. x xAcacia myrtifolia Myrtle Wattle X Late Oct – mid Jan Compact small shrub. Grows well in poor soils. Winter/spring flowering. x xAcrotriche prostrata Trailing Ground-berry X X Late Jan – Mar Groundcover requiring shade. Suits rockeries. x x xAcrotriche serrulata # Honey-pots X Jan – Mar Unusual flowers with honey fragrance. Hardy. x x x xAmperea xiphoclada Broom Spurge X Dec Hardy plant in wide variety of conditions but most common on sandy soils. x x xAstroloma humifusum Cranberry Heath X Sep – Mar Groundcover with bright red tubular flowers and red fruit. x x xBauera rubioides (P) Wiry Bauera X X X (Cuttings) Grows in a range of conditions and will tolerate wet sites. x x xBoronia muelleri (P) Forest Boronia X (Cuttings) Widely available in several forms. Sold as a cut flower in the 1920’s. x xBossiaea prostrata Creeping Bossiaea X Late Nov – mid Feb Yellow/brown pea flowers in spring. Suitable container plant. x x xCoprosma hirtella Rough Coprosma X Late Dec-Early Jan For damper shaded sites. Small, bird-attracting red berries. x x x xCorrea reflexa (P) Common Correa X Nov – Feb (or by cuttings) Many forms available. Prefers semi-shade. x x xCrowea exalata Small Crowea X (Cuttings) Ornamental shrub, flowering over many months. x xDaviesia latifolia Hop Bitter-pea X Dec – Jan Regenerates profusely after fire. Yellow pea flowers in spring. x x xDaviesia leptophylla Narrow-leaf Bitter-pea X Late Dec-Feb Many yellow/red flowers over spring. Seed shed quickly in hot weather. x x xDaviesia ulicifolia Gorse Bitter-pea X Nov – Jan Many yellow and red flowers early spring. Spiny branchlets x x xDillwynia glaberrima (P) Smooth Parrot-pea X Nov – Feb Floriferous hardy legume. Ideal for dry poorer soils. x x xDillwynia phylicoides Small-leaf Parrot-pea X Late Oct-Feb Ornamental shrub with many yellow/red flowers over spring. x x xEpacris impressa Common Heath X Oct – Feb Appears in many colour forms on lighter dry soils. x x xEuryomyrtus ramosissima Rosy Baekea X Jan – Mar Flower bearing shrub widely cultivated. Suitable for rockeries and containers. x x xGoodenia ovata Hop Goodenia X X X Dec – Jan Good coloniser. Grows best in moist semi-shaded position. x x x xHibbertia empetrifolia Tangled Guinea-flower X X (Cuttings- difficult from seed) Vigorous rambling shrub with bright yellow flowers over spring. x x xHibbertia obtusifolia Grey-leaf Guinea-flower X X Late Nov – mid Mar Attractive yellow flowers over long period. x x xHovea heterophylla Common Hovea X Oct-Dec Masses of striking violet pea flowers in spring. x x xIndigofera australis Austral Indigo X Mid Nov-early Feb Deep pink pea flowers in spring. Responds well to pruning. x x x xLeptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-tree X X X Year round Good coloniser often used in direct seeding. Prolific seeder. x x x xLomatia ilicifolia Holly Lomatia X July Attractive long cream flower spikes in summer. x x xMonotoca scoparia Prickly Broom-heath X Dec – Feb Slow growing hardy plant for well-drained site. x x xOlearia phlogopappa (P) Dusty Daisy-bush X X Dec Quick growing, moisture loving, has many flowers in spring. x x xOlearia rugosa Wrinkled Daisy-bush X X Late Nov- early Jan Open shrub with white daisy flowers in spring. Needs shelter. x xOzothamnus rosmarinifolius (P) Rosemary Everlasting X Mar - May Masses of small, cream flowers in spring/ autumn. x x xPersoonia confertiflora Cluster-flower Geebung X Feb – May Yellow flowers late spring and summer. x x x

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SPECIES COMMON NAME SEED TIME COMMENTS A B C DAcacia gunnii Ploughshare Wattle X Late Nov- Early Jan Flowers late winter to early spring. Sharp foliage. x xAcacia myrtifolia Myrtle Wattle X Late Oct – mid Jan Compact small shrub. Grows well in poor soils. Winter/spring flowering. x xAcrotriche prostrata Trailing Ground-berry X X Late Jan – Mar Groundcover requiring shade. Suits rockeries. x x xAcrotriche serrulata # Honey-pots X Jan – Mar Unusual flowers with honey fragrance. Hardy. x x x xAmperea xiphoclada Broom Spurge X Dec Hardy plant in wide variety of conditions but most common on sandy soils. x x xAstroloma humifusum Cranberry Heath X Sep – Mar Groundcover with bright red tubular flowers and red fruit. x x xBauera rubioides (P) Wiry Bauera X X X (Cuttings) Grows in a range of conditions and will tolerate wet sites. x x xBoronia muelleri (P) Forest Boronia X (Cuttings) Widely available in several forms. Sold as a cut flower in the 1920’s. x xBossiaea prostrata Creeping Bossiaea X Late Nov – mid Feb Yellow/brown pea flowers in spring. Suitable container plant. x x xCoprosma hirtella Rough Coprosma X Late Dec-Early Jan For damper shaded sites. Small, bird-attracting red berries. x x x xCorrea reflexa (P) Common Correa X Nov – Feb (or by cuttings) Many forms available. Prefers semi-shade. x x xCrowea exalata Small Crowea X (Cuttings) Ornamental shrub, flowering over many months. x xDaviesia latifolia Hop Bitter-pea X Dec – Jan Regenerates profusely after fire. Yellow pea flowers in spring. x x xDaviesia leptophylla Narrow-leaf Bitter-pea X Late Dec-Feb Many yellow/red flowers over spring. Seed shed quickly in hot weather. x x xDaviesia ulicifolia Gorse Bitter-pea X Nov – Jan Many yellow and red flowers early spring. Spiny branchlets x x xDillwynia glaberrima (P) Smooth Parrot-pea X Nov – Feb Floriferous hardy legume. Ideal for dry poorer soils. x x xDillwynia phylicoides Small-leaf Parrot-pea X Late Oct-Feb Ornamental shrub with many yellow/red flowers over spring. x x xEpacris impressa Common Heath X Oct – Feb Appears in many colour forms on lighter dry soils. x x xEuryomyrtus ramosissima Rosy Baekea X Jan – Mar Flower bearing shrub widely cultivated. Suitable for rockeries and containers. x x xGoodenia ovata Hop Goodenia X X X Dec – Jan Good coloniser. Grows best in moist semi-shaded position. x x x xHibbertia empetrifolia Tangled Guinea-flower X X (Cuttings- difficult from seed) Vigorous rambling shrub with bright yellow flowers over spring. x x xHibbertia obtusifolia Grey-leaf Guinea-flower X X Late Nov – mid Mar Attractive yellow flowers over long period. x x xHovea heterophylla Common Hovea X Oct-Dec Masses of striking violet pea flowers in spring. x x xIndigofera australis Austral Indigo X Mid Nov-early Feb Deep pink pea flowers in spring. Responds well to pruning. x x x xLeptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-tree X X X Year round Good coloniser often used in direct seeding. Prolific seeder. x x x xLomatia ilicifolia Holly Lomatia X July Attractive long cream flower spikes in summer. x x xMonotoca scoparia Prickly Broom-heath X Dec – Feb Slow growing hardy plant for well-drained site. x x xOlearia phlogopappa (P) Dusty Daisy-bush X X Dec Quick growing, moisture loving, has many flowers in spring. x x xOlearia rugosa Wrinkled Daisy-bush X X Late Nov- early Jan Open shrub with white daisy flowers in spring. Needs shelter. x xOzothamnus rosmarinifolius (P) Rosemary Everlasting X Mar - May Masses of small, cream flowers in spring/ autumn. x x xPersoonia confertiflora Cluster-flower Geebung X Feb – May Yellow flowers late spring and summer. x x x



Philotheca myoporoides Long-leaf Wax-flower X (Cuttings) Found on shallow, stony soils. Aromatic foliage. Previously know as Eriostemon myoporoies. x

Pimelea axiflora Bootlace Bush X Nov – Dec A forest dweller with open foliage. Flowers in winter/ spring. x x x

Pimelea humilis (P) Common Rice Flower X (Cuttings) Suit rockeries and containers. Floriferous. x x x x

Pimelea linifolia Slender Rice-flower X Oct – early Mar Also known as ‘Queen of the bush’. Widely grown. x x x x

Platylobium formosum (P) Handsome Flat-pea X Nov – Dec Masses of yellow/orange pea flowers in spring. x x x

Pultenaea gunnii (P) Golden Bush-pea X Mid Oct – Feb Floriferous in spring with yellow-red pea flowers. x x x

Pultenaea juniperina Prickly Bush-pea X Oct – Feb Yellow-orange pea flowers in spring. Tolerates dryness. x x x

Pultenaea muelleri Mueller’s Bush-pea X Mid Oct – Feb Terminal yellow/brown pea flowers in spring x x x

Pultenaea scabra Rough Bush-pea X Mid Oct – Feb Masses of yellow/brown pea flowers in spring. x x x

Spyridium parvifolium Dusty Miller X (Cuttings) A moist? forest floor dweller. Flowers over winter/spring. x x x

Tetratheca bauerifolia (P) Heath Pink-bells X Jan – Mar Compact shrub, widespread on rocky shallow soils. x x x

Tetratheca ciliata (P) Pink-bells X Jan – Feb Masses of pink flowers in spring. Best in clumps. x x x

Tall Shrubs (2-5m)Adiantum aethiopicum Maiden-hair Fern X X X - Needs moist conditions to succeed. x x x

Asplenium bulbiferum ssp. gracillimum

Mother Spleenwort X - Easy to cultivate and hardy in sheltered position. x x

Asplenium flabellifolium Necklace Fern X - Prostrate fern sometimes growing on Tree-fern trunks. Needs shelter. x x

Asplenium flaccidum Weeping Spleenwort X - Needs very sheltered moist conditions x x

Blechnum cartilagineum (P) Gristle Fern X - Hardy fern able to withstand dry conditions. x x

Blechnum chambersii Lance Water-fern X - Needs sheltered, moist conditions. Avoid drying out. x x

Blechnum fluviatile Ray Water-fern X - Needs moist sheltered conditions. x x

Blechnum minus Soft Water-fern X X - Found in wetter areas on a wide range of soil types. x x x

Blechnum nudum Fishbone Water-fern X X - Naturally occurs in damp, semi-shade. x x

Blechnum wattsii Hard Water-fern X X - Fairly common and one of the hardier Blechnums. x x

Calochlaena dubia Common Ground-fern X X X - Readily cultivated. Shade dweller but tolerates sun. x x

Crepidomanes venosum Veined Bristle-fern X - Grows on trunks of tree-ferns in wet, shaded gullies of hilly country. x x

Cyathea australis Rough Tree-fern X X - Tolerates harsher conditions than the Soft Tree-fern. x x

Cyathea cunninghamii Rv Slender Tree-fern X - Needs sheltered position. x x

Cyathea x marcescens v Skirted Tree-fern X - Requires moist sheltered conditions. x x

Low Shrubs (<2m) continued

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Philotheca myoporoides Long-leaf Wax-flower X (Cuttings) Found on shallow, stony soils. Aromatic foliage. Previously know as Eriostemon myoporoies. x

Pimelea axiflora Bootlace Bush X Nov – Dec A forest dweller with open foliage. Flowers in winter/ spring. x x x

Pimelea humilis (P) Common Rice Flower X (Cuttings) Suit rockeries and containers. Floriferous. x x x x

Pimelea linifolia Slender Rice-flower X Oct – early Mar Also known as ‘Queen of the bush’. Widely grown. x x x x

Platylobium formosum (P) Handsome Flat-pea X Nov – Dec Masses of yellow/orange pea flowers in spring. x x x

Pultenaea gunnii (P) Golden Bush-pea X Mid Oct – Feb Floriferous in spring with yellow-red pea flowers. x x x

Pultenaea juniperina Prickly Bush-pea X Oct – Feb Yellow-orange pea flowers in spring. Tolerates dryness. x x x

Pultenaea muelleri Mueller’s Bush-pea X Mid Oct – Feb Terminal yellow/brown pea flowers in spring x x x

Pultenaea scabra Rough Bush-pea X Mid Oct – Feb Masses of yellow/brown pea flowers in spring. x x x

Spyridium parvifolium Dusty Miller X (Cuttings) A moist? forest floor dweller. Flowers over winter/spring. x x x

Tetratheca bauerifolia (P) Heath Pink-bells X Jan – Mar Compact shrub, widespread on rocky shallow soils. x x x

Tetratheca ciliata (P) Pink-bells X Jan – Feb Masses of pink flowers in spring. Best in clumps. x x x

Tall Shrubs (2-5m)Adiantum aethiopicum Maiden-hair Fern X X X - Needs moist conditions to succeed. x x x

Asplenium bulbiferum ssp. gracillimum

Mother Spleenwort X - Easy to cultivate and hardy in sheltered position. x x

Asplenium flabellifolium Necklace Fern X - Prostrate fern sometimes growing on Tree-fern trunks. Needs shelter. x x

Asplenium flaccidum Weeping Spleenwort X - Needs very sheltered moist conditions x x

Blechnum cartilagineum (P) Gristle Fern X - Hardy fern able to withstand dry conditions. x x

Blechnum chambersii Lance Water-fern X - Needs sheltered, moist conditions. Avoid drying out. x x

Blechnum fluviatile Ray Water-fern X - Needs moist sheltered conditions. x x

Blechnum minus Soft Water-fern X X - Found in wetter areas on a wide range of soil types. x x x

Blechnum nudum Fishbone Water-fern X X - Naturally occurs in damp, semi-shade. x x

Blechnum wattsii Hard Water-fern X X - Fairly common and one of the hardier Blechnums. x x

Calochlaena dubia Common Ground-fern X X X - Readily cultivated. Shade dweller but tolerates sun. x x

Crepidomanes venosum Veined Bristle-fern X - Grows on trunks of tree-ferns in wet, shaded gullies of hilly country. x x

Cyathea australis Rough Tree-fern X X - Tolerates harsher conditions than the Soft Tree-fern. x x

Cyathea cunninghamii Rv Slender Tree-fern X - Needs sheltered position. x x

Cyathea x marcescens v Skirted Tree-fern X - Requires moist sheltered conditions. x x

White Elderberry Sambucus gaudichaudiana

Pink-bells Tetratheca ciliata

�0INDIGENOUS PLANTS OF BAW BAW SHIREINDIGENOUS PLANTS OF BAW BAW SHIRE


Dicksonia antarctica (P) Soft Tree-fern X X - The popular garden variety. Prefers sheltered position. x x

Gleichenia microphylla Scrambling Coral-fern X X X - Found in scrambling colonies in sheltered areas. x x

Grammitis billardierei Common Finger-fern X - Grows on rocks and tree trunks. Not often cultivated. x x

Histiopteris incisa Bat’s Wing Fern X - Easy to cultivate if extended dry periods are avoided. x x x

Hymenophyllum australe Austral Filmy-fern X - All filmy-ferns need very moist, sheltered conditions. x x

Hypolepis rugosula Ruddy Ground Fern X - Fairly common and easy to cultivate. Avoid drying out. x x x

Lastreopsis acuminata Shiny Shield-fern X - Relatively hardy. Can be container grown. x x

Lindsaea linearis # Screw Fern X - Small fern of damp areas. Difficult to cultivate. x x

Microsorum pustulatum Kangaroo Fern X - Found growing on rocks or trunks of trees and tree-ferns in moist gullies and on shaded slopes. x x

Pellaea falcata Sickle Fern X - A coloniser on moist forest floor. Readily cultivated. x x

Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fern X - Often the dominant understorey in damp forests. x x

Rumohra adiantiformis Leathery Shield-fern X - Often grows on tree-fern trunks in moist, dark sites. x

Sticherus tener Silky Fan-fern X - Found along creek banks and moist gullies. x x

Todea barbara Austral King-fern X X - Large fern up to 2m across. Suits moist sheltered gullies or edges of sheltered swampy areas. x x x

Grasses/Sedges/RushesAustrodanthonia penicillata Slender Wallaby-grass X X Late Nov – early Apr Taller than most Austrodanthonias. Tolerates shade. Wallaby grasses in general grow on the drier sites. x x x

Austrodanthonia pilosa Velvet Wallaby-grass X Late Nov- early Apr As with most native grasses, massed plantings are most effective and sustainable. x x x

Austrodanthonia racemosa Stiped Wallaby-grass X Late Nov – early Apr Widespread tufted perennial of open forest. Palatable to stock. Ornamental value in massed plantings. x x x

Austrodanthonia setacea Bristly Wallaby-grass X Late Nov – early Apr As for A. racemosa. x x x

Austrostipa muelleri # Wiry Spear-grass X Late Nov-early Feb Sparse, tufted perennial grass to 1m. Amongst grassy forest floor. x x x x

Baloskion tetraphyllum Tassel Cord-rush X Mar – May (or by division) Attractive rush with arched stems and feathery tasselled foliage, suited to waterlogged and often shaded sites. x x

Baumea tetragona # Square Twig-sedge X Feb – Mar (or by division) Ornamental sedge to 1metre. For poorly drained sites. x x

Carex appressa (P) Tall Sedge X X Dec – Jan Useful wetland plant for boggy conditions. x x x

Carex fascicularis Tassel Sedge X Dec – Jan Useful wetland plant. Common on stream or swamp margins. x x

Eleocharis acuta # Common Spike-sedge X Jan Spreads readily in wetland situation. Protect from stock. x x x x

Gahnia radula # (P) Thatch Saw-sedge X X X Jan Good for erosion control. Rosellas attracted to seeds. x x x x

Gahnia sieberiana Red-fruit Saw-sedge X X X Oct – Mar Highly ornamental large sedge. Sharp-edged straplike leaves. Tolerates wide habitat. x x x x

Isolepis inundata Swamp Club-sedge X X X (division or from plantlets) Useful wetland or riparian plant in semi-shade. x x x

Joycea pallida Silvertop Wallaby-grass X Dec- early Apr Tussock forming grass species, normally in clumps of half a metre in diameter. x

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Dicksonia antarctica (P) Soft Tree-fern X X - The popular garden variety. Prefers sheltered position. x x

Gleichenia microphylla Scrambling Coral-fern X X X - Found in scrambling colonies in sheltered areas. x x

Grammitis billardierei Common Finger-fern X - Grows on rocks and tree trunks. Not often cultivated. x x

Histiopteris incisa Bat’s Wing Fern X - Easy to cultivate if extended dry periods are avoided. x x x

Hymenophyllum australe Austral Filmy-fern X - All filmy-ferns need very moist, sheltered conditions. x x

Hypolepis rugosula Ruddy Ground Fern X - Fairly common and easy to cultivate. Avoid drying out. x x x

Lastreopsis acuminata Shiny Shield-fern X - Relatively hardy. Can be container grown. x x

Lindsaea linearis # Screw Fern X - Small fern of damp areas. Difficult to cultivate. x x

Microsorum pustulatum Kangaroo Fern X - Found growing on rocks or trunks of trees and tree-ferns in moist gullies and on shaded slopes. x x

Pellaea falcata Sickle Fern X - A coloniser on moist forest floor. Readily cultivated. x x

Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fern X - Often the dominant understorey in damp forests. x x

Rumohra adiantiformis Leathery Shield-fern X - Often grows on tree-fern trunks in moist, dark sites. x

Sticherus tener Silky Fan-fern X - Found along creek banks and moist gullies. x x

Todea barbara Austral King-fern X X - Large fern up to 2m across. Suits moist sheltered gullies or edges of sheltered swampy areas. x x x

Grasses/Sedges/RushesAustrodanthonia penicillata Slender Wallaby-grass X X Late Nov – early Apr Taller than most Austrodanthonias. Tolerates shade. Wallaby grasses in general grow on the drier sites. x x x

Austrodanthonia pilosa Velvet Wallaby-grass X Late Nov- early Apr As with most native grasses, massed plantings are most effective and sustainable. x x x

Austrodanthonia racemosa Stiped Wallaby-grass X Late Nov – early Apr Widespread tufted perennial of open forest. Palatable to stock. Ornamental value in massed plantings. x x x

Austrodanthonia setacea Bristly Wallaby-grass X Late Nov – early Apr As for A. racemosa. x x x

Austrostipa muelleri # Wiry Spear-grass X Late Nov-early Feb Sparse, tufted perennial grass to 1m. Amongst grassy forest floor. x x x x

Baloskion tetraphyllum Tassel Cord-rush X Mar – May (or by division) Attractive rush with arched stems and feathery tasselled foliage, suited to waterlogged and often shaded sites. x x

Baumea tetragona # Square Twig-sedge X Feb – Mar (or by division) Ornamental sedge to 1metre. For poorly drained sites. x x

Carex appressa (P) Tall Sedge X X Dec – Jan Useful wetland plant for boggy conditions. x x x

Carex fascicularis Tassel Sedge X Dec – Jan Useful wetland plant. Common on stream or swamp margins. x x

Eleocharis acuta # Common Spike-sedge X Jan Spreads readily in wetland situation. Protect from stock. x x x x

Gahnia radula # (P) Thatch Saw-sedge X X X Jan Good for erosion control. Rosellas attracted to seeds. x x x x

Gahnia sieberiana Red-fruit Saw-sedge X X X Oct – Mar Highly ornamental large sedge. Sharp-edged straplike leaves. Tolerates wide habitat. x x x x

Isolepis inundata Swamp Club-sedge X X X (division or from plantlets) Useful wetland or riparian plant in semi-shade. x x x

Joycea pallida Silvertop Wallaby-grass X Dec- early Apr Tussock forming grass species, normally in clumps of half a metre in diameter. x


Grasses/Sedges/Rushescontinued


Juncus pauciflorus Loose-flower Rush X X Dec-Feb Can be invasive in damp poorly drained soils. x x

Juncus procerus Tall Rush X Dec – Feb One of the larger Juncus species. Useful for damp sites. x x

Lepidosperma elatius # Tall Sword-sedge X X X Year round Large, attractive sedge requiring moisture all year. x x x x

Lepidosperma laterale # Variable Sword-sedge X X X Year round Suited for wetland planting but will tolerate some dryness. x x x x

Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rush X X Late Jan – Feb Grows in dry sites. Bird-attracting seed heads. x x x x

Lomandra longifolia (P) Spiny-headed Mat-rush X X X Dec – Feb Tough, attractive sedge, widely used along metropolitan freeways. x x x x

Microlaena stipoides Weeping Grass X X X Dec Attractive pendulous flower heads. Prefers semi-shade. x x x x

Phragmites australis Common Reed X Apr – Jun Useful for wet sites for erosion control and wildlife habitat. x x

Poa labillardierei Common Tussock-grass X X X Mid Dec – early Mar Commonly grown ornamental. Adaptable. x x x x

Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grass X X Mid Dec – early Jan Now locally uncommon but readily cultivated. x x x x

Poa ensiformis Sword Tussock-grass X X X Dec – Feb Grows well in riparian environments. Butterfly food plant. Used by the aboriginal people for string and basket making. x x

Schoenus apogon Common Bog-sedge X (Division) Tufted sedge found in the damper areas of dry open forest. x x x x

Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grass X X X Late Nov- early Jan Sometimes not appreciated due to rasp-like extensively spreading stems and leaves. May form almost impenetrable thickets. x x x x

Herbs/Orchids/Lilies/GroundcoversAjuga australis Austral Bugle X Late Dec – Jan Widely grown groundcover with masses of blue flowers. x x x xArthropodium milleflorum # Pale Vanilla-lily X Late Noe- early Feb Tufted perennial herb, dying back to tuberous bulb in summer. x xBrachyscome multifida Cut-leaf Daisy X Most of year (or by cuttings) Popular rockery plant as it spreads by suckers. Variable flower colour, white/pink to blue. x xBrunonia australis Blue Pincushion X Mid Dec – mid Mar Attractive blue flowers over extended period. Suited to massed plantings or containers. x xBurchardia umbellata (P) Milkmaids X Late Nov – early Feb Widespread in drier forests. Ornamental, slightly fragrant. x x x xCaesia parviflora Pale Grass-lily X Late Dec – Jan Pale lilac flowers from spring to summer on stems to 40cm. x xCentella cordifolia Centella X Dec – Mar (or by division) Grows in moist sheltered areas. Herbal use for arthritis. x xChiloglottis gunnii # Common Bird-orchid X X - Often found in colonies in moist, weed-free areas of forest floor. x xChrysocephalum semipapposum Clustered Everlasting X X Dec-Mar Widely cultivated. Attractive grey foliage and yellow flowers. x xDampiera stricta (P) Blue Dampiera X X Late Dec – Mar Suit rockeries or containers. Floriferous. x x x xDianella admixta syn. revoluta (P) Black-anther Flax-lily X Dec – Feb Widely grown. Many blue berries in summer. x x x xDianella tasmanica (P) Tasman Flax-lily X X X Jan – early Feb Forms colonies from creeping rhizomes. Attractive blue flowers and fruit. x x x xDichondra repens Kidney Weed X X X (Division) Good ground cover for moist conditions. Useful for suburban lawns. x x x xDipodium punctatum # Hyacinth Orchid X - Protect existing colonies as virtually impossible to propagate. x xDrosera peltata ssp. auriculata # Tall Sundew X X X Dec Carnivorous plant widespread on moister soils. Occurs on unimproved pasture. x x x xGeranium potentilloides Cinquefoil Cranesbill X X X Jan – April Small spreading herb of sheltered sites, with single white to pink flowers. x x x x

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Juncus pauciflorus Loose-flower Rush X X Dec-Feb Can be invasive in damp poorly drained soils. x x

Juncus procerus Tall Rush X Dec – Feb One of the larger Juncus species. Useful for damp sites. x x

Lepidosperma elatius # Tall Sword-sedge X X X Year round Large, attractive sedge requiring moisture all year. x x x x

Lepidosperma laterale # Variable Sword-sedge X X X Year round Suited for wetland planting but will tolerate some dryness. x x x x

Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rush X X Late Jan – Feb Grows in dry sites. Bird-attracting seed heads. x x x x

Lomandra longifolia (P) Spiny-headed Mat-rush X X X Dec – Feb Tough, attractive sedge, widely used along metropolitan freeways. x x x x

Microlaena stipoides Weeping Grass X X X Dec Attractive pendulous flower heads. Prefers semi-shade. x x x x

Phragmites australis Common Reed X Apr – Jun Useful for wet sites for erosion control and wildlife habitat. x x

Poa labillardierei Common Tussock-grass X X X Mid Dec – early Mar Commonly grown ornamental. Adaptable. x x x x

Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grass X X Mid Dec – early Jan Now locally uncommon but readily cultivated. x x x x

Poa ensiformis Sword Tussock-grass X X X Dec – Feb Grows well in riparian environments. Butterfly food plant. Used by the aboriginal people for string and basket making. x x

Schoenus apogon Common Bog-sedge X (Division) Tufted sedge found in the damper areas of dry open forest. x x x x

Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grass X X X Late Nov- early Jan Sometimes not appreciated due to rasp-like extensively spreading stems and leaves. May form almost impenetrable thickets. x x x x

Herbs/Orchids/Lilies/GroundcoversAjuga australis Austral Bugle X Late Dec – Jan Widely grown groundcover with masses of blue flowers. x x x xArthropodium milleflorum # Pale Vanilla-lily X Late Noe- early Feb Tufted perennial herb, dying back to tuberous bulb in summer. x xBrachyscome multifida Cut-leaf Daisy X Most of year (or by cuttings) Popular rockery plant as it spreads by suckers. Variable flower colour, white/pink to blue. x xBrunonia australis Blue Pincushion X Mid Dec – mid Mar Attractive blue flowers over extended period. Suited to massed plantings or containers. x xBurchardia umbellata (P) Milkmaids X Late Nov – early Feb Widespread in drier forests. Ornamental, slightly fragrant. x x x xCaesia parviflora Pale Grass-lily X Late Dec – Jan Pale lilac flowers from spring to summer on stems to 40cm. x xCentella cordifolia Centella X Dec – Mar (or by division) Grows in moist sheltered areas. Herbal use for arthritis. x xChiloglottis gunnii # Common Bird-orchid X X - Often found in colonies in moist, weed-free areas of forest floor. x xChrysocephalum semipapposum Clustered Everlasting X X Dec-Mar Widely cultivated. Attractive grey foliage and yellow flowers. x xDampiera stricta (P) Blue Dampiera X X Late Dec – Mar Suit rockeries or containers. Floriferous. x x x xDianella admixta syn. revoluta (P) Black-anther Flax-lily X Dec – Feb Widely grown. Many blue berries in summer. x x x xDianella tasmanica (P) Tasman Flax-lily X X X Jan – early Feb Forms colonies from creeping rhizomes. Attractive blue flowers and fruit. x x x xDichondra repens Kidney Weed X X X (Division) Good ground cover for moist conditions. Useful for suburban lawns. x x x xDipodium punctatum # Hyacinth Orchid X - Protect existing colonies as virtually impossible to propagate. x xDrosera peltata ssp. auriculata # Tall Sundew X X X Dec Carnivorous plant widespread on moister soils. Occurs on unimproved pasture. x x x xGeranium potentilloides Cinquefoil Cranesbill X X X Jan – April Small spreading herb of sheltered sites, with single white to pink flowers. x x x x

Lovecreeper Comesperma volubile

Swamp Paper-bark Melaleuca ericifolia


SPECIES COMMON NAME SEED TIME COMMENTS A B C DGonocarpus tetragynus Common Raspwort X X (Division) Perennial herb, widespread on drier sites. x x xGoodenia lanata Trailing Goodenia X X X (Cuttings or division) A forest floor groundcover. Easy to cultivate. x x x xHelichrysum leucopsideum Satin Everlasting X X Dec-Feb Perennial herb with white papery daisy flowers with yellow centres. x xHelichrysum scorpioides (P) Button Everlasting X Dec – mid Feb Perennial herb of open forests. Yellow daisy flowers. x x x xHydrocotyle hirta Hairy Pennywort X X X (Division) Groundcover for moist shaded sites. x x x xLagenophora stipitata Common Bottle-daisy X X Jan – Mar Perennial herb with a white daisy flower. x x x xLobelia anceps Angled Lobelia X (Division) A herb of sheltered, wet or waterlogged sites. x x x xPatersonia fragilis Short Purple-flag X X Jan – Mar Purple flowers in terminal clusters in spring. Suit containers. xPatersonia occidentalis (P)-SG Long Purple-flag X X Jan – Mar Tufted perennial with purple/ white flowers. Does best in moist sites. xPterostylis longifolia # Tall Greenhood X X - Preserve existing colonies as difficult to propagate. x x x xPterostylis pedunculata # Maroonhood X X - Terrestrial orchid requiring moist, shaded conditions. x x xSambucus gaudichaudiana (P) White Elderberry X Late Jan – early Feb Herbaceous plant for moist shaded sites. Spread by birds. . x x x xStackhousia monogyna Creamy Candles X Dec Tufted perennial with large, cream flower spikes. Used in containers and rockeries. x x x xStellaria flaccida Forest Starwort X Dec – Mar Masses of star-shaped flowers over extended period. x x x xStylidium graminifolium (P) Grass Trigger-plant X X Mid Dec – mid Feb Good rockery or container plant. Pink flowers in spring. x x xThysanotus tuberosus Common Fringe-lily X Nov – early Dec Bright mauve flowers over summer. Dies back to a tuber. x x xTriglochin procera Water-ribbons X Late Jan – May Grows in permanent or ephemeral wetlands. x xViola hederacea (P) Ivy-leaf Violet X X X Late Dec – early Jan Good ground cover for moist sites. Propagate by division. x x x xWahlenbergia gracilis Sprawling Bluebell X Dec – Jan Many attractive blue flowers over spring. Suit rockeries and containers. x x xWahlenbergia stricta Tall Bluebell X Late Dec – Jan Many attractive blue flowers over spring. x x xXanthorrhoea minor ssp. lutea Small Grass-tree X Late Nov – early Jan Lacks the conspicuous trunk of related larger species but develops large flower spike. x x

Creepers/ VinesBillardiera longifolia Purple Apple-berry X Dec – Jan Purple flowers in spring/ summer, followed by purple berries. x xBillardiera scandens Common Apple-berry X X Dec – Mar Ornamental creeper easy to cultivate. x x x xClematis aristata (P) Mountain Clematis X X X Jan – Mar Fast growing rampant creeper. Attractive flowers and seeds. x x x xClematis glycinoides Forest Clematis X X Nov Ornamental flowers in spring. x x xComesperma volubile (P) Love Creeper X X X Dec Blue flowers in spring. Difficult to cultivate. x x xGlycine clandestina (P) Twining Glycine X X X Oct – Feb A delicate climbing plant with mauve flowers. x x x xHardenbergia violacea Purple Coral-pea X Dec – Jan Commonly used in horticulture for rockeries and groundcover. x x x xPandorea pandorana(P) Wonga Vine X X Nov – Dec Masses of attractive flowers variable in colour. Moisture loving. x x x xParsonsia brownii (P) Twining Silkpod X X (Cuttings) Fast growing climber for moist sheltered sites. x xRubus parvifolius Native Raspberry X X X Dec-Jan Often mistaken for blackberry, but it is not greatly invasive. Edible berries. x x x x

Herbs/Orchids/Lilies/Groundcovers continued

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SPECIES COMMON NAME SEED TIME COMMENTS A B C DGonocarpus tetragynus Common Raspwort X X (Division) Perennial herb, widespread on drier sites. x x xGoodenia lanata Trailing Goodenia X X X (Cuttings or division) A forest floor groundcover. Easy to cultivate. x x x xHelichrysum leucopsideum Satin Everlasting X X Dec-Feb Perennial herb with white papery daisy flowers with yellow centres. x xHelichrysum scorpioides (P) Button Everlasting X Dec – mid Feb Perennial herb of open forests. Yellow daisy flowers. x x x xHydrocotyle hirta Hairy Pennywort X X X (Division) Groundcover for moist shaded sites. x x x xLagenophora stipitata Common Bottle-daisy X X Jan – Mar Perennial herb with a white daisy flower. x x x xLobelia anceps Angled Lobelia X (Division) A herb of sheltered, wet or waterlogged sites. x x x xPatersonia fragilis Short Purple-flag X X Jan – Mar Purple flowers in terminal clusters in spring. Suit containers. xPatersonia occidentalis (P)-SG Long Purple-flag X X Jan – Mar Tufted perennial with purple/ white flowers. Does best in moist sites. xPterostylis longifolia # Tall Greenhood X X - Preserve existing colonies as difficult to propagate. x x x xPterostylis pedunculata # Maroonhood X X - Terrestrial orchid requiring moist, shaded conditions. x x xSambucus gaudichaudiana (P) White Elderberry X Late Jan – early Feb Herbaceous plant for moist shaded sites. Spread by birds. . x x x xStackhousia monogyna Creamy Candles X Dec Tufted perennial with large, cream flower spikes. Used in containers and rockeries. x x x xStellaria flaccida Forest Starwort X Dec – Mar Masses of star-shaped flowers over extended period. x x x xStylidium graminifolium (P) Grass Trigger-plant X X Mid Dec – mid Feb Good rockery or container plant. Pink flowers in spring. x x xThysanotus tuberosus Common Fringe-lily X Nov – early Dec Bright mauve flowers over summer. Dies back to a tuber. x x xTriglochin procera Water-ribbons X Late Jan – May Grows in permanent or ephemeral wetlands. x xViola hederacea (P) Ivy-leaf Violet X X X Late Dec – early Jan Good ground cover for moist sites. Propagate by division. x x x xWahlenbergia gracilis Sprawling Bluebell X Dec – Jan Many attractive blue flowers over spring. Suit rockeries and containers. x x xWahlenbergia stricta Tall Bluebell X Late Dec – Jan Many attractive blue flowers over spring. x x xXanthorrhoea minor ssp. lutea Small Grass-tree X Late Nov – early Jan Lacks the conspicuous trunk of related larger species but develops large flower spike. x x

Creepers/ VinesBillardiera longifolia Purple Apple-berry X Dec – Jan Purple flowers in spring/ summer, followed by purple berries. x xBillardiera scandens Common Apple-berry X X Dec – Mar Ornamental creeper easy to cultivate. x x x xClematis aristata (P) Mountain Clematis X X X Jan – Mar Fast growing rampant creeper. Attractive flowers and seeds. x x x xClematis glycinoides Forest Clematis X X Nov Ornamental flowers in spring. x x xComesperma volubile (P) Love Creeper X X X Dec Blue flowers in spring. Difficult to cultivate. x x xGlycine clandestina (P) Twining Glycine X X X Oct – Feb A delicate climbing plant with mauve flowers. x x x xHardenbergia violacea Purple Coral-pea X Dec – Jan Commonly used in horticulture for rockeries and groundcover. x x x xPandorea pandorana(P) Wonga Vine X X Nov – Dec Masses of attractive flowers variable in colour. Moisture loving. x x x xParsonsia brownii (P) Twining Silkpod X X (Cuttings) Fast growing climber for moist sheltered sites. x xRubus parvifolius Native Raspberry X X X Dec-Jan Often mistaken for blackberry, but it is not greatly invasive. Edible berries. x x x x

Common Rice-flowerPimelea humilis

Thatch Saw-sedgeGahnia radula

��

Please note: • Care should be taken when planting

close to infrastructure such as buildings, powerlines, drains and paths.

• This plant list is intended as a guide only, plant heights will vary depending on soil type, aspect, wind etc.

Wonga VinePandorea pandorana

Kangaroo AppleSolanum aviculare

Button EverlastingHelichrysum scorpioides

For Further Advice ... Baw Baw Shire Council 5624-2411 Website www.bawbawshire.vic.gov.auDepartments of Primary Industries and Sustainability & EnvironmentFlora and Fauna advice, Ecological Vegetation Class mapping, seed banks, native vegetation establishment and protection. Ellinbank 5624-2222 Leongatha 5662-9900 Traralgon 5172-2111 DPI/DSE Customer Service Centre 136 186 Website www.nre.vic.gov.auVictorian Resources OnlineRegional EVC maps and species lists, soil mapping and natural resource information. Website www.nre.vic.gov.au/vroGreening AustraliaTechnical advice, incentive schemes for remnant protection, seed banks. Leongatha 5662-5201 Heidelberg 9457-3024West Gippsland Catchment Management AuthorityFunding advice, strategic community bids, Landcare contacts. Leongatha 5662-4555 Traralgon 5175-7800 West Gippsland CMA Website www.wgcma.vic.gov.auLandcare West Gippsland (Ellinbank DPI) Landcare Co-ordinator Phone 5624-2222 Website www.landcare.net

AcknowledgmentsCompiled by Angela Robb, and David Ziebell,Department of Primary Industries and Sustainability and Environment, with technical assistance from Paul Devlin, West Gippsland CMA and Greening Australia.

Photos courtesy of John Davies, David Ziebell, Rawdon Sthradher and Viridans biological databases – Australia, unless otherwise stated.

Wild Plants of Victoria 2003. An atlas and photographic guide to Victorian Plants on CD-ROM, Viridans Pty Ltd, Brighton East, Victoria.

Indigenous Plants of Baw Baw Shire

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