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Indicators: Where we are at in Canada and New Zealand
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Transcript of Indicators: Where we are at in Canada and New Zealand
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Genuine Progress Index for Atlantic CanadaIndice de progrès véritable - Atlantique
Towards a New Canadian Index of Wellbeing
Social Policy, Research and Evaluation Conference
Wellington, 25 November, 2004
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Indicators: Where we are at in Canada and New
Zealand• Recognized inadequacy, flaws of
conventional GDP-based measures of progress
• Understood potential power of indicators, role in determining policy agenda, and necessity for more accurate, comprehensive indicators
• Developed data sources, methodologies, reporting mechanisms for wide range of social, economic, environmental indicators
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NZ on the leading edge
• Marilyn Waring’s pioneering work
• Quality of Life in NZ’s 8 Largest Cities -> 12
• Monitoring Progress Towards a Sustainable NZ
• Social Reports (MSD)
• Tomorrow’s Manukau: A vision into the future
• Local Government Act 2002
• Linked indicators project
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Reaffirm goal: Good indicators can help
communities: foster common vision and purpose, and
track progress in achieving goals; identify strengths and weaknesses = learn; affect policy and public behaviour = action; hold leaders accountable at election time improve wellbeing and ensure sustainable
future for our children
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Limitations & Next Steps
• Some new social targets, but not yet shifted policy agenda in fundamental ways, nor effectively challenged power and dominance of conventional measures
• Fringe, satellite vs mainstream
• No integrated, coherent system:- NZ – Social Report, QOL in 8 Cities
report, Sustainable NZ report; - Canada – GPI, IEW, PSI, NRTEE –
ESDI, QOLIP, etc.
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In Canada, we’ve concluded four steps are
needed:• New measures can no longer just be
“add-ons” or satellites, but must challenge and critique the still dominant GDP-based measures of progress
• One coherent, integrated framework to become new core measure of progress
• Internationally, regionally comparable
• Beyond indicators to a new set of national accounts – full national wealth
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+ Language / Communication:
“What kind of world are we leaving our children?”
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Canadian Index of Wellbeing
• Partnership of Canada’s foremost indicator practitioners
National Working Group of 20 includes:
• 3 govt. agencies (Statcan, Envt.Can, CIHI) + experts from 8 universities, 7 provinces, 5 non-government research organizations
• The process: Letting go…..
• Independent foundation founding•
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Key purposes of the new Canadian Index of
Wellbeing• To articulate vision of Canada’s future
• To account accurately for both current wellbeing and sustainability so trade-offs are clear and transparent
• To bring key social and environmental issues, often neglected, onto the policy agenda
• To enhance accountability
• To inform policy, improve performance, and evaluate program effectiveness
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Purpose in relation to GDP
• CIW intent – To become Canada’s core, central measure of progress, and to replace misuse of GDP for that purpose (not abolish GDP!)
• To relegate GDP to function for which it was originally designed and intended – as measure of size of economy (Kuznets)
• To redefine ‘healthy economy’ in terms of wellbeing outcomes (e.g. jobs) instead of growth
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CIW Key Principles• Will focus on outcomes for key conditions of
wellbeing
• Will measure wellbeing and sustainability in same reporting framework: Legacy (wellbeing of future generations + ours) = cross-cutting theme within every domain. This is unique (cf NZ, QOL)
• Report on determinants & infrastructural inputs (e.g. health care) within each outcome domain
• Framework = sustainability circle vs 3-legged stool or triple bottom line: Relationship
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Natural
environment
Society
Economy
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Values, elements of wellbeing
• Health
• Security
• Knowledge
• Community
• Freedom
• Ecological integrity
• Equity (+ lit. review)
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Outcome domains in the CIW
• Standard of living
• Time use (and balance)
• Healthy populace
• Educated populace
• Community vitality
• Ecosystem services
• Governance
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Process and reporting
• Disaggregation - geographic (national, provincial, municipal) and demographic
• Multiple audiences: Report limited # of key messages for public, policy audience, but experts can drill down for analysis (iceberg metaphor) + technical rigour
• Double review process, public consultation, “cabinet” approach at release
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Unresolved (parked) issues
• Some domains require further definition, indicator selection, literature review, data and methodology development
– esp. education, community vitality, governance vs democracy, some environmental indicators and natural resource accounts (e.g. forests – qualitative + quantitative depreciation, water resources, waste)
• “Index” and aggregation to single # or sub-indices
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More unresolved issues
• Beyond indicators to accounting framework: FCA and the capital approach (sustainability and monetization)?
• Global dimension - ethical relations w. other nations
• Communications and release strategies: -gradual as early results available or all at once?
• Data challenges – e.g. frequency (time use cf GDP). CIW function = create new data demands
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E.g. Unresolved: Defining community
vitality• Safe communities• Cohesion• Inclusion• Multiculturalism• Identity• Religion/spirituality• Family• Culture, arts, recreation
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Fundamental approach to unresolved challenges
• Not allow the “tyranny of the best” to stand in the way of practical movement towards the “best possible”
• Transparent, open to change – better methodologies and data sources
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Resolved – build on existing work. E.g. Standard of living
• Median income• Income and wealth distribution (GINI,
quintiles, SFS)• Poverty and low income rates• Income volatility (dynamics)• Economic security (incl. social safety net)• Employment, unemployment,
underemployment, job security, work arrangements
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E.g. Population health – health status and health
care• Self-rated health; functional health
• Disability-adjusted life expectancy
• Infant mortality, low birth weight
• Mortality + morbidity: circulatory diseases, cancers, respiratory diseases, diabetes
• Depression, suicide
• BMI, teen smoking, 2nd-hand smoke exposure, physical activity
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Resolved – e.g. 2 sides of sustainability equation
• Production (supply) and consumption (demand): CIW will reflect outcomes (resource supply), but demand (human activity) reported as determinant = the “why”
• Ecological footprint shifts onus, responsibility to consumer -> can mobilize citizens
• Recognizes global consequences of local actions
• Brings together the environmental and social aspects of sustainability (e.g. equity-Brundtland)
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Brundtland definition of sustainable development
• “… physical sustainability implies a concern for social equity between generations, a concern that must logically be extended to equity within each generation.”
• 20% of world’s people account for 86% of world’s consumption - 45% of all meat and fish; 58% of energy; 84% of paper; 87% of vehicles
• Poorest 20% = 1.3% of consumption
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CIW Action on 3 fronts: Research, communication and
policy. E.g.:• NWG Ottawa Nov 8-9: Research has
begun. Announcement in Feb-Mar; next NWG meeting in May to assess progress
• Reality Check, seminars, and press
• International dimension: NZ, Bhutan + Conference June 20-23 2005 on global best practices. Need cooperation sooner rather than later – before systems entrenched
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CIW: Measuring what we value to leave a better world for our children
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Genuine Progress Index for Atlantic CanadaIndice de progrès véritable - Atlantique
www.gpiatlantic.org