Indian textile industy environmental issues ppt
-
Upload
adane-nega -
Category
Business
-
view
7.049 -
download
0
Transcript of Indian textile industy environmental issues ppt
1I I T DelhiDec.7,2002
INDIAN TEXTILE INDUSTY-ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Prof.R.B.CHAVANDEPT. OF TEXTILE TECHNOLOGY
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYHAUZ-KHAS, NEW DELHI
2I I T DelhiDec.7,2002
INDIAN TEXTILE INDUSTRY STATUS• OCCUPIES UNIQUE POSITION IN INDIAN
ECONOMY• 14% OF INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION• 33% OF TOTAL EXPORTS• 1-1.5% IMPORT BILL• SINGLE LARGEST EMPLOYER IN THE
INDUSTRIAL SECTOR• 35 MILLION EMPLOYMENT• 93 MILLION INCLUDING EMPLOYMENT IN
AGRICULTURE, GINNING, PRESSING, COTTON TRADE, JUTE
3I I T DelhiDec.7,2002
PRESENT PAPER
STRUCTURE OF TEXTILE INDUSTRY
PROBLEMS
IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT
POLLUTION CONTROL STRATEGY
GERMAN BAN
RESPONSE OF MINISTRY OF TEXTILES TO COPE WITH GERMAN BAN
4I I T DelhiDec.7,2002
STRUCTURE OF INDIAN TEXTILE INDUSRY
TWO EXTREMES1. KHADI : HANDSPUN , HAND WOVEN FABRIC2. HIGHLY CAPITAL INTENSIVE MODERN SOPHISTICATED
ORGANIZED MILL SECTOR
IN BETWEEN DECENTRALIZED POWERLOOM, KNITTNG AND
GARMENT SECTORSPRODUCTS DIVERSIFIED MANUFACTURE OF TRADITIONAL ITEMS MANUFACTURE OF FASHION ITEMS FOR
SOPHISTICATED NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL MAKETS
5I I T DelhiDec.7,2002
INDIAN TEXTILE INDUSTRY- BROAD DIVISION
NATURAL FIBRES: COTTON, WOOL, SILK, JUTE ETC
MAN MADE AND SYNTHETIC FIBRES AND BLENDS
OUT OF TOTAL TEXTILE PRODUCTION
COTTON >70% MAN MADE AND SYNTHETIC 20% WOOL, SILK, JUTE ETC 10%
Dec.7,2002 I I T Delhi 6
Decentralized Sector
TEXTILE INDUSTRY IN INDIA
NATURAL FIBRES / FABRICS
MAN-MADE FIBRES / FABRICS
Organized Sector(Mills)
Spinning Composites Handloom Powerloom Khadi
WOOL
JUTE
SILK
COTTON
RAYONCellulose / viscose
BLENDED(Synthetic + Natural)
SYNTHETIC(Nylon, PET, PAN)
7I I T DelhiDec.7,2002
NATURAL FIBRES
COTTONCOTTON TEXTILES PRODUCED IN ORGANIZED SECTOR
SPINNING MILLS : YARN PRODUCTIONCOMPOSITE MILLS : YARN, GREY AND
PROCESSED FABRIC PRODUCTION DECENTRALIZED SECTOR POWERLOOM, HANDLOOM, KHADI AND HOSIERY
PRODUCTION
8I I T DelhiDec.7,2002
ORGANIZED MILL SECTOR 1400 SPINNING MILLS 280 COMPOSIT MILLS
SPINNING CAPACITY 11 MILLION SPINDLES IN 1951 33 MILLION SPINDLES IN 1997 (19% OF WORLDS
SPINDLE)
WEAVING CAPACITY 2.1 LAKH LOOMS IN 1951 1.24 LAKH LOOMS IN 1997 REASON : RISE OF POWERLOOM SECTOR PRESENT SHARE OF MILL SECTOR 6% IN THE TOTAL
CLOTH PRODUCTION IN THE COUNTRY
Dec.7,2002 I I T Delhi 9
11
33
0
10
20
30
40N
o. o
f Spi
ndle
s in
m
illio
n
Spinning Capacity
1951 19972.1
1.24
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
No.
of L
oom
s in
lakh
s
weaving Capacity
1951 1997
10I I T DelhiDec.7,2002
DEENTRALIZED SECTORHANDLOOM
PRODUCTION OF NAURAL FIBRE FABRICS, COTTON, WOOL AND SILK SYNTHETIC AND BLENDED FABRICS APPROXIMATELY 3.9 MILLION HANDLOOMS 20% OF TOTAL CLOTH PRODUCTION TILL RECENTLY, PROTECTION FROM GOVT. OF INDIA
TO WITHSTAND COMPETITION FROM MILL AND POWERLOOM SECTOR
LABOUR INTENSIVE PROVIDE SUPPLEMENTARY EARNING TO AGRO
RURAL STRATA OF SOCIETY
11I I T DelhiDec.7,2002
DEENTRALIZED SECTORPOWERLOOM
13 LAKH POWERLOOMS 70% OF TOTAL CLOTH PRODUCTION PLAYING PIVOTAL ROLE DUE TO LOWER COST OF PRODUCTION FLEXIBILITY IN CHANGING THE PRODUCTION
PATTERN TO SUIT THE MARKET DEMAND PROXIMITY TO FABRIC WHOLESALE
MARKETS FAVOURABLE EXCISE DUTY STRUCTURE
Dec.7,2002 I I T Delhi 12
Share of Cloth Production
1990's
6%
74%
20%
1950's
70%
20%
10%
Organized Sector
Power Loom
Handloom
Dec.7,2002 I I T Delhi 13
MATERIAL FLOW ALONG THE TEXTILECLOTHING CHAIN
Synthetic FibreBasic chemicals petrochemistryProduction of monomers /
Production
Fibre, yarn, fabric
Natural Fibre- Cultivation .
. fertilizerspesticides
- Crop auxiliary agents
Textile Processing
e.g. desizing, mercerizing, bleaching, dyeing, printing,
finishing
Garment / Textile industry
UsePacking, washing, dry-cleaning
Disposal
14I I T DelhiDec.7,2002
HOSIERY SECTOR
• SMALL SCALE INDUSTRY
LABOUR INTENSIVE
PRODUCION RANGE
T SHIRTS,CARDIGANNS, JERSEY,
PULLOVERS, POLO SHIRTS, INNER
GARMENTS FO MEN AND WOMEN .
15I I T DelhiDec.7,2002
WET PROCESSING
PROCESS HOUSES SPREAD THROUGHOUT
THE COUNTRY
MOST BEING IN AND AROUND
POWERLOOM CENTRES
CARRIES POST WEAVING/KNITTING
OPERATIONS : BLEACHING, DYEING,
PRINTING AND FINISHING.
16I I T DelhiDec.7,2002
GARMENT MANUFACTURING
GROWN PREDOMINENTLY DUE TO
EXPORT DEMANDS
TILL RECENTLY IN SMALL SCALE
SECTOR
OPEN TO ORGANIZED SECTOR
17I I T DelhiDec.7,2002
SILK
SECOND LARGEST PRODUCER
PRODUCE ALL FOUR
VARIETIES i.e MULBERRY, TUSSAR,
ERI, MUGA
MAJOR CONCENTRATION IN
SMALL SCALE SECTOR
18I I T DelhiDec.7,2002
JUTE HIGHEST JUTE AND JUTE GOODS
PRODUCTION
CONVENTIONAL USE: PACKAGING
MATERIAL
DIVERSIFIED USES: APPAREL,FLOOR COVERINGS, HOME FURNISHING, FIBRE COMPOSITES, GEO TEXTILES, TECHNICL TEXTILES, SOFT LUGGAGE
19I I T DelhiDec.7,2002
MAN MADE FIBRES
PRODUCTION OF VISCOSE,
POLYESTER, ACRYLIC, NYLON,
POLYPROPELENE.
BLENDED YARN AND FABRICS
PARTICULARLY POLYESTER/COTTON
20I I T DelhiDec.7,2002
TEXTILE EXPORTS
20 BILLION DOLLARS? LEADING OVERSEAS MARKETS FOR EXPORTS ARE EUROPEAN UNION, USA, MIDDLE EAST, ASEAN
COUNTRIES, JAPAN UNDERGOING RADICAL CHANGE HUGE INVESTMENTS FOR MODERNIZATION TO BECOME COMPETITIVE IN INTERNATIONAL
MARKET VALUE ADDITION PRODUCTS FOR GLOBAL MARKET ASSURED SUPPLY OF GOOD QUALITY RAW MATERIAL,
HUMAN SKILLSPOISED TO BE LEADING PLAYER IN INTERNATIONALMARKET
21I I T DelhiDec.7,2002
INDIAN TEXTILE INDUSTRY AND ITS PROBLEMS
ONE OF THE OLDEST AND SINGLE LARGEST INDUSTRIAL SECTORS SHARE OF TEXTILE PRODUCTION IN 50S ORGANIZED SECTOR >75%
DENCENTRALIZED POWERLOOM 25% PRESENTLY
ORGANIZED SECTOR 6%BALANCE POWERLOOME, HANDLOOM,
HOSIERY
22I I T DelhiDec.7,2002
DIFFICULT PHASE 60S AND 70S
OBSOLETE MACHINERY LACK OF MAINTENANCE LACK OF MODERNIZATION LOW PRODUCTIVITY LOW CAPACITY UTILIZATION STAGNANT DOMESTIC MARKETS SAGGING EXPORTS
WIDE SPREAD SICKNESS
23I I T DelhiDec.7,2002
EMERGING TRENDSEMERGENCE OF SYNTHETIC AND
BLENDED FABRICSPHENOMENAL EXPANSION OF SPINNINGRAPID EXPANSION OF DECENTRALIZED
POWERLOOM SECTORBROUGHT SICKNESS COMPOSIT
ORGANIZED SECTORLARGE NUMBER OF MILLS WENT
BANKRUPT2/3 OF THEM WERE COMPOSIT MILLS
24I I T DelhiDec.7,2002
NATIONALIZATION (1967)SETTING UP OF NATIONAL
TEXTILE CORPORATION (NTC) MAIN OBJECTIVE: EMPLOYMENT
RELIEF TO THOUSANDS OF WORKERS
PRODUCTION OF CONTROLLED CLOTH
EXPERIMENT MISERABLY FAILEDMANY NTC MILLS CLOSED DOWN
25I I T DelhiDec.7,2002
NEW TEXTILE POLICY (1980)
OBJECTIVE: DEVELOP HARMONIOUSLY
MILL, POWERLOOM AND HANDLOOM SECTORS
RECOGNITION OF LACK OF MODERNIZATION AS MAIN CAUSE OF SICKNESS
750 CRORE AS TEXTLE MODERNIZATION FUNDS IN 1986
26I I T DelhiDec.7,2002
SHIFT IN PRODUCTION PATTERN 1987 GLOBAL INCREASE IN COTTON
PRICES SPINNING THOUGH TECHNOLOGICALLY
ADVANCED, LABOUR INTENSIVEDEVELOPED COUNTRIES PREFERRED
TO BYU YARN FROM DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
LED TO YARN EXPORT GROWTH IN INDIA FROM 1987 ONWARDS
5% YARN EXPORT IN 1990 INCREASED TO 22% IN 1997
27I I T DelhiDec.7,2002
LIBERIZATION
DE-LICENSING OF TEXTILE INDUSTRY (1991)
IMPORT OF MODERN MACHINES TO SET UP NEW UNITS
IMPROVEMENT IN YARN QUALITY
INDIA BECAME GLOBAL PLAYER IN YARN EXPORTS
28I I T DelhiDec.7,2002
COLLAPSE OF YARN EXPORTS IN 1990 70% EXPORT TO QUOTA COUNTRIES 30% TO NON-QUOTA COUNTRIES
AFTER LIBERIZATION INCREASE IN PRODUCTION STAGNANT QUOTA EXPORTS SHOT UP IN NON-QUOTA EXPORS 80% DROP IN QUOTA EXPORTS 20% UNINTENTIIONAL EXPORT DEPENDENCE
ON NON-QUOTA COUNTRIES
29I I T DelhiDec.7,2002
COLLAPSE OF YARN EXPORTS
IN 1997 CURRENCY CRISIS IN SOUTH EAST ASIAN
COUNTRIES SEVERE EFFECT ON EXPORTS EXPORT BELOW COST DUMP EXPORT QUALITY YARN IN DOMESTIC
MARKET CRIPPLING EFFECT ON TEXTILE INDUSTRU HUGE OVERSUPPLY POSITION SUNRISE INDUSTRY BECAME SUNSET
INDUSTRY
30I I T DelhiDec.7,2002
WTO REGIME
MEMBER OF WTOSIGNATORY TO GATT( GENERAL AGREEMENT
ON TRADE AND TARRIF)END OF ATC (AGREEMENT OF TEXTILES AND
CLOTHING) BY DECEMBER 2004.END OF QUOTA ERATO FACE THE GLOBAL COMPETITIONLIMITED TIME FOR INDUSTRY RESTRUCTURE IMPROVED QUALITY PRODUCTS AT
COMPETITIVE PRICE
31I I T DelhiDec.7,2002
NEED OF THE HOURMODERNIZE TO COMPETE GLOBALLYWITHSTAND CHEAPER IMPORTS FROM CHINA,
PAKISTAN AND OTHER SOUTH-EAST ASIAN COUNTRIES
TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION FUND SCHEME (TUFS)Rs 25 000 CRORE FOR MODERNIZATION5% RE-IMBERSEMENT OF INTEREST
CHARGED BY FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONSIN OPERATION FOR FIVE YEARS FROM APRIL
1999 – MARCH 2004
32I I T DelhiDec.7,2002
INDIA IS FIRST COUNTRY TO HAVE CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISION FOR ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION.
NO SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL NORMS FOR TEXTILE SECTOR
INDUSTRY SPECIFIC STANDARDS EXIST STRINGENT ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION POORLY EMFORCED JUDICIARY HAS TO INTERVENE TO ENFORCE
ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES JUDICIARY HAS GOT ITS OWN LIMITATIONS AND CAN
NOT ACT AS ENFORCING AGENCY. MAKING LAW ONLY DOES NOT HELP ENVIRONMENT IS A SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY DESIRABLE COMPLIENCE SHOULD COME VOLUNTARILY
FROM INDUSTRY AND NOT BY POLICING
ENVIRONMENT LEGISLATION
33I I T DelhiDec.7,2002
IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENTINDUSTRIAL ACTIVITY IS ASSOCIATED
WITH POLLUTIONEXTENT VARIESCONCEPT: TO KEEP POLLUTION LEVEL AS
LOW AS POSSIBLEANOTHER DIMENSION: SOCIAL
ACCOUNTABILITY STANDARDS SAS 800NO CHILD LABOURMINIMUM LABOUR WAGESPROVISION OF HYGIENIC CONDITIONS AT
WORK PLACECOMPLIANCE WITH GERMAN BAN
INTRODUCED IN 1996
34I I T DelhiDec.7,2002
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS TEXTILE WET PROCESSING POSES SERIOUS ENVIRONMENTAL
PROBLEMS
USE OF LARGE NUMBER OF CHEMICALS (ESTIMATE 8000) AND IN LARGE QUANTITIES IN WET PROCESSING
DYES AND FINISHING AGENTS REMAIN ATTACHED TO TEXTILES SOME OF THEM POSE HEALTH HAZARDS (CARCINOGENIC
DYES, FORMALDEHYDE BASED INISHES) ‘POISON IN WARDROBE’ SUBSTANTIAL PROPORTION OF THESE CHEMICALS REMAIN IN
THE PROCESSED WATER WATER POLLUTION AIR POLLUTION DURING DRYING AND POLYMERIZATION OF
FINISHING OPERATION AND PIGMENT PRINTING WHEN KEROSENE IS USED FOR EMULSION THICKENING
Dec.7,2002 I I T Delhi 35
Input / output analysis of Textile Finishing Processes
Textile Auxiliaries
Dyes
Base chemicals(e.g. acid, Alkali, sodium chloride)
Textile EnergyNatural Fibres; 10-20 MJ/kgSynthetic Fibres: 5-50 MJ/kg
Water60-360 l/kg textile
Polluted Air
Water Effluent
WasteSewage sludge:
60-70 g/kg textile
Wet Processing (pre-treatment,
dyeing, printing,
finishing.)
AIR EMMISSION SOURCES
FOUR GENERAL CATEGORIES
OIL AND ACID MISTS
SOLVENT VAPOURS
ODOUR
DUST AND LINT
37I I T DelhiDec.7,2002
OIL AND ACID MISTS
MOST COMMON SOURCE IS STENTER EVAPORATION OF SPINNING OILS,
PLASTICIZERS, AND VOLATILE FINISHING AGENTS
ACID MISTS (CORROSIVE) DURING WOOL CARBONIZATION VOLATILIZATION OF ORGANIC ACIDS
LIKE ACETIC ACID
38I I T DelhiDec.7,2002
SOLVENT VAPOURS
INCLUDE LARGE NUMBER OF TOXIC CHEMICALS
KEROSENE OR MINERAL TURPENTINE OIL
FORMALDEHYDE
CARRIERS FOR POLYESTER DYEING
CHLOROFLUORO HYDROCARBONS
39I I T DelhiDec.7,2002
ODOUR
ASSOCIATED WITH
OIL MIST OR SOLVENT VAPOURS
SULPHUR DYEING
BLEACHING WITH SODIUM
HYPOCHLORITE
40I I T DelhiDec.7,2002
DUST AND LINT
PRODUCED DURING
SPINNING AND WEAVING
CARPET SHEARING
CAUSE RESPIRATORY DISEASES
41I I T DelhiDec.7,2002
EFFLUENT CHARACTERISTICSTEXTILE EFFLUENTS GENERALLY ARE
COLOUREDHIGH BODHIGH TDSHIGH RATIO BETWEEN BOD AND CODRATIO OF 1:2 TO 1:3 INDICATES
GOOD BIODEGRADABILITYIN WOOL RATIO 1:5 INDICATING
DIFFICULT BIODEGRADABILITY DUE TO GREASE CONTENT
42I I T DelhiDec.7,2002
DETERGENTS AND SURFACTANTS
RISK TO AQUATIC LIFE
HEALTH RISK TO LARGE POPULATION IF DISCHARGED IN RIVER USED FOR DRINKING
43I I T DelhiDec.7,2002
METAL POLLUTANTS
METAL COMPLEX DYES
CHROMIUM SALTS USED FOR
SULPHUR DYE OXIDATION
CHROME DYEING OF WOOL
• MORDANTS FOR NATURAL
DYES
44I I T DelhiDec.7,2002
ORGANIC WASTES
SIZES
VARIOUS ORGANIC SOLVENTS AND ACIDS
45I I T DelhiDec.7,2002
CLASSIFICATION OF TEXTILE WASTES
HARD TO TREAT
HAZARDOUS OR TOXIC
DISPERSIBLE
• HIGH VOLUME
46I I T DelhiDec.7,2002
HARD TO TREAT WASTES
COLOURS METALS PHENOL TOXIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDS PHOSPHATES NON-BIODEGRADABLE SURFACTANTSTOXIC TO AQUATIC LIFE
47I I T DelhiDec.7,2002
TOXIC WASTES
SUB GROUP OF HARD TO TREAT
WASTES
METALS
CHLORINATED SOLVENTS
BOILER CHEMICALS
48I I T DelhiDec.7,2002
DISPERSIBLE WASTES
PRINT PASTES
COATING CHEMICALS
UNUSED PROCESS CHEMICALS
HIGH VOLUME WASTES
WASH WATER FROM • PREPARATORY
• DYEING
• PRINTING
• EXHAUSTED DYEBATHS
50I I T DelhiDec.7,2002
POLLUTION CONTROL STRATEGIES
CLEANER PRODUCTION
TECHNIQUES
• END OF PIPE TREATMENTS
51I I T DelhiDec.7,2002
CLEANER PRODUCTION TECHNIQUES
WASTE MINIMIZATIONHIGHEST PRIORITY FOR REDUCTION IN WASTE
WATER COUNTER CURRENT WASHING OPERATIONS OPTIMUM USE OF PROCESS CHEMICALSSUBSTITUTION OF TOXIC CHEMICALS BY ECO
FRIENDLY CHEMICALSGOOD HOUSE KEEPINGRECOVERY OF CHEMICALS SUCH AS SIZE, CAUSTIC
SODA, DYES AND GREASEREPLACEMENT OF HIGH BOD CHEMICALS BY LOW
BOD ONESUSE OF LOW LIQUOR RATIO DYEING EQUIPMENTSIMPROVED PRODUCTION PROCESSES TO ELIMINATE
AND REDUCE WASTE AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE
52I I T DelhiDec.7,2002
CLEANER PRODUCTION TECHNIQUES
END OF PIPE TREATMENTSSEGREGATION AND SEPARATE
TREATMENT OF SPECIFIC EFFLUENT STREAM IS MORE EFFICIENT COMPARED TO
COMBINED AND COMPLEX EFFLUENTS
SUCH STRATEGY PROVIDE OPPORTUNITY TO
RE-USE WATER RECOVER CHEMICALS
• REDUCE SIZE OF TREATMENT PLANT
EFFLUENT TREATMENT
COMMON PROCESSPRIMARY SETTLING FLOCULATION/CHEMICAL
COAGULATION BIOLOGICAL TRETMENT SECONDARY PHYSICAL ADSORPTION TERTIARY TREATMENT IF
NECESSARY
54I I T DelhiDec.7,2002
SLUDGE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL
FORMATION OF LARGE QUANTITIES OFSLUDGE DURING
BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT
SUBJECT SLUDGE TO AEROBIC DIGESTION
DEWATER BY CENTRIFUGE
DISPOSE OFF TO LAND FILL
55I I T DelhiDec.7,2002
SOLID WASTES
INCLUDE
CANS
REJECTED FABRIC PIECES
CART AWAY TO LAND FILL OR
INCINERATE ON OR OFF SITE
DURING INCINERATION ADEQUATE AIR
POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES
56I I T DelhiDec.7,2002
AIR EMMISSION CONROL
OIL MISTS AND VOLATILE ORGANIC CARBON (VOC) MORE DIFFICULT TO CONTROL
CONTROL THE APPLICATION OF SPINNING
OILS AND FINISHING AGENTS
PROPER AIR DUCTING
INSTALLATION OF MIST ELIMINATORS
CONDENSATION OF VAPOURS BY COOLING THE CONTAMINATED AIR
57I I T DelhiDec.7,2002
MANAGING AND AUDITING RESOURCE CONSUMPTION
RESEARCH ASSOCIATIONS DEVELOPED MANUFACTURING NORMS FOR
DESIRABLE USAGE OF RESOURCES SUCH AS WATER, LABOUR, ELECTRICITY AND COMMON CHEMICALS
NORMS NOT IMPOSED LEGALLY ACT AS GUIDELINES MEMBERMILLS ARE ENCOURAGED TO FOLLOW THESE
NORMS RECORD OF SIMPLE MATERIAL BALANCE WORTH EXAMINING THE RECORD OF STORE KEEPER AND
PROCESSING DEPRTMENTS TO TRACK LOSSES OF EXPENSIVE AND/OR HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS DURING HANDLING AND PROCESSING
Dec.7,2002 I I T Delhi 58
MANAGING AND AUDITING RESOURCE CONSUMPTION
• ASSESSMENT AT INTERVALS THE PERFORMANCE OF EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT AND AIR POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENTS
IT IS NECESSARY TO EMPLOY A FULL TIME PROFESSIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL TEAM OR TRAIN
SENIOR STAFF AND WORKERS TO UNDERTAKE ENVIRONMENT MONITORING AND AUDIT TASKS
COMMITMENT BY TO MANAGEMENT TO ESTABLISH SOUND ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM
THIS WOULD ALSO IMPROVE THE PRODUCTIVITY AND PROFITABILITY OF THE ORGANIZATION
59I I T DelhiDec.7,2002
SIMPLE OPTIONSIMPROVED HOUSEKEEPINGBETTER EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCEOPTIMIZATION OF VARIOUS PROCESS
SEQUENCESTHE MANAGERS MUST HAVE BASELINE
DATA FOR SIMILAR OPERATIONA IN OTHER INDUSTRIES
COMPARE AND INTERPRET THE RESULTS WITH OPEN MIND
ALLOW DISCUSSION BETWEEN STAFF AND ENCOURAGE TEAM MEMBERS TO BRING FORWARD INNOVATIVE IDEAS
EVALUATE THE IDEAS FROM TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE
60I I T DelhiDec.7,2002
POLICY MANAGEMENT BY GOVT OF INDIA
GERMAN BAN AND GOVERNMENT RESPONSE• RECOGNITION THAT NUMBER OF DYES AND
CHEMICALS ARE HAZARDOUS• AFFECT THE CONSUMER HEALTH• CAUSE IRREPARABLE DAMAGE TO ENVIRONMENT
• GERMANY IMPOSED BAN ON THE USE OF AZO DYES BASED ON CARCINOGENIC AMINE
• ABOUT 300 AZO DYES SUSPECTED TO BE CARCINOGENIC HAVE BEEN WITHDRAWN
• ENVIRONMENTAL PERMISSIBILITY NORMS FOR HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS ARE AVAILABLE FROM VARIOUS INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
61I I T DelhiDec.7,2002
ECO STANDARDS AND ECO LABLES CONCEPT OF ECO FRIENDLY TEXTILES IS
PROMOTED BY ECO STANDARDS AND ECO LABLES
ECO LABLES ARE BASED ON ENVIRONMENT
FRIENDLY NORMS FOR VARIOUS CHEMICALS STIPULATED ON THE BASIS OF CRADLE TO GRAVE APPROACH
USE OF ECO LABLES IS VOLUNTARY IN
NATURE
62I I T DelhiDec.7,2002
ECO STANDARDS AND ECO LABLES
CHEMICALS CONSIDERED FOR ECO NORMS
FORMALDEHYDE
TOXIC PESTICIDES
PENTACHORO PHENOL
HEAVY METAL TRACES
CARCINOGENIC AZO DYES
HALOGEN CARRIERS
CHLORINE BLEACHING
63I I T DelhiDec.7,2002
EFFORTS MADE BY GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
REGULATORY MEASURES• PROHIBITION ON THE USE OF
BANNED DYES• EVOLUTION OF ECO STANDARDS
AND LOGO FOR ECO FRIENDLY TEXTILES
64I I T DelhiDec.7,2002
EFFORTS MADE BY GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
DEVELOPMENTAL MEASURES• ORGANIZATION OF EDUCATIVE SEMINARS,
WORKSHOPS FOR THE AWARENESS OF ECO FRIENDLY CONCEPTS
• ASSISTANCE TO INDUSTRY FOR THE SECURING ISO 9000 AND EMS 14000 CERTIFICATION
• FINACIAL ASSISTANCE THROUGH TUFS FOR MODERNIZATION
• MASSIVE PROGRAMME ON SETTING ECO TESTING FACILITIES
•