Indian Polity Notes-contents

7/27/2019 Indian Polity Notes-contents

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Constitution IntroductionSignificance of the ConstitutionConstitutional DevelopmentsRegulating Act of 1773Pitt’s India Act of 1784Charter Act of 1833Charter Act of 1853

Government of India Act of 1858Indian councils Act of 1861Indian Council Act of 1892Indian Councils Act of 1909Government of India Act of 1919Government of India Act of 1935Indian Independence Act of 1947Framing of the Constitution of IndiaDifferent sources of our ConstitutionNature of the Indian ConstitutionWhat is a Federation?Indian situation

Provisions in the Indian Constitution which are not strictly federal in characterThe Preamble

Chapter – 2Purposes of the PreambleSovereignSocialistSecularDemocraticRepublic

JusticeLibertyEquality:Fraternity

The Union and its territoryChapter – 3

Formation of new statesCreating new statesReorganisation of States

CitizenshipChapter – 4

Acquisition of Indian citizenshipTermination of CitizenshipDual Citizenship

FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTSIntroduction:Doctrine of EclipseDoctrine of severabilityClassification of Fundamental RightsRight to Equality (Art 14 - 18)

• Article 14

• Article 15

• Article 16

• Article 17 - Abolition of untouchability

• Article18 - Abolition of Titles

Right to Freedom (Art 19-22)• Article 19

• Article 20 - Protection in respect of conviction for offences

• Ex-post facto legislation

• Double Jeopardy



• Prohibition against self incrimination

• Article 21 - Protection of Life and Personal Liberty

• Article 22 - Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases

• Procedure established by law and the due process of lawRight against Exploitation (Art 23 & 24)

• Article 23 - Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour

• Article 24 - Prohibition of employment of children in factories, etcRights to Freedom of Religion (Art 25 -28)

• Article 25 - Freedom of conscience, profession, practice and propagation of religion

• Article 26 - Freedom to manage religious affairs

• Article 27 - Freedoms as to payment of taxes for promotion of any

particular religion

• Restrictions on Freedom of Religion

• Conversions

• Article 28 - Freedom as to the attendance at religious instruction orreligious worship in certain educational Institutions

Cultural and Educational Rights (Art 29 – 30)

•

Article 29 - Protection of interests of minorities• Article 30 - Right of minorities to establish and administer educational

institutions

• Minority Institutions and regulatory measuresRight to Constitutional Remedies (Art 32)Other Issues related to Fundamental Rights

• Right to Information

• Is there any erosion in the Fundamental Rights since the Commencementof the Constitution?

• Difference between the writ jurisdiction of the SC and the HC

• Public Interest Litigation

FUNDAMENTAL DUTIESFlag Controversy and the New Flag CodeFundamental Duties in other CountriesEnforcement of DutiesEleven Fundamental Duties for Citizens

Directive Principles of State PolicyThe Socialist PrinciplesThe Gandhian PrinciplesThe Western Liberal PrinciplesDirective Principles subsequently added

• 42nd Amendment Act, 1976• 44th Amendment Act, 1978

Implementation of DPSPsDirectives in other parts (not in Part IV) of the ConstitutionRelationship between Fundamental Rights and Directive PrinciplesDifference between FR & DPSPImportance of the DPSP

President of IndiaElection of President (Art. 54,55)Qualifications for the election to the office of the President (Article 58)Impeachment of the President (Art. 61)

Executive powers of the PresidentLegislative powersDiscretionary Powers of the President Bills that require prior recommendation of the President Types of Veto



Emergency PowersFinancial PowersDiplomatic powersMilitary Powers Judicial PowersConstitutional position of the President

Vice –President of IndiaDuties of the Vice-President in extraordinary circumstances

Qualifications to be the Vice-PresidentTerms of the Office of the Vice-President (Article 67)Office of the Vice-PresidentVice-Presidents of IndiaComparison between the President and the Vice-President

ATTORNY – GENERAL OF INDIACOMPTROLLER AND AUDITOR GENERAL

DUTIES OF CAGCAG: Safeguards for impartialityThe central vigilance commissionAppointment of Central Vigilance Commissioner and Vigilance CommissionersTERMS AND CONDITIONS

REMOVAL OF CENTRAL VIGILANCE COMMISSSIONERCouncil of Ministers

Prime MinisterAppointment of the Prime MinisterPowers and Functions

• In relation to the Council of Minister:

• In relation to the President

• In relation to the Parliament

Role Descriptions of PMRole of CabinetCabinet Committees

Council of Ministers Vs CabinetThe Parliament

• Article 79: Constitution of the Parliament

• Functions of the ParliamentThe Rajya Sabha or the Council of States

• Article 80: The Council of /states shall Consist of

• Criteria for nomination

• Special Powers of the Rajya Sabha

• Present allocation of seats in Rajya Sbha

• Federal Features of the Rajya Sabha

• Removal from the office of Chairman or Deputy Chairman• Qualifications for the Membership of Rajya Sabha

• Utility of the Rajya Sabha

• Official of the Rajya Sabha

• Disqualification of the Members of Parliament

• Joint sitting of the ParliamentThe Lok Sabha or the Lower House

• Special powers of the Lok Sabha

• Representation of States/UTs in the Lok Sabha

• Tenure of the Lok Sabha

•

Qualifications for the membership of the Lok Sabha• Vacation of Seats

• Tenures of the Houses of the People

• Penalty for sitting and voting when not qualified

• Prerogatives of the Parliament



Speaker

• Special position of the Speaker

• Speaker Pro-tem

• Special powers of the Speaker

• Speakers of Lok SabhaCategories and Passage of the Bills

• Ordinary Bills

• Money Bills

• Financial BillsSessions of the parliament

• End of the session

• Dissolution of the House

Constitutional Amendment Bills

• Amendment by simple majority

• GuillotineThe Budget

• Parliamentary Control over Financial System

• Vote on Account

Parliamentary Committees• Details of some of the important Committees are:

Committee on EstimatesCommittee on Public AccountsCommittee on Public UndertakingsCommittee on Welfare of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled TribesPanel of Chairmen

• Departmentally Related Standing Committee

• Leader of the Opposition: Lok SabhaMotions

• Motions and Resolutions

•

Types of MotionsCensure MotionNo-Confidence MotionConfidence MotionCut Motions

Pay CommissionsQuestions in ParliamentTypes of MajorityQuorum in ParliamentParliamentary Control over the ExecutiveAnti-Defection Law

Law against defection to be made stringentCauses of failure

THE STATE EXECUTIVE AND STATE LEGISLATURETHE GOVERNOR

• APPOINTMENT AND CONDITIONS

• SALARY, ALLOWANCES & IMMUNITIES TO THE GOVERNOR

• POWERS AND FUNCTIONS

• EXECUTIVE POWERS

• LEGISLATIVE POWERS

• FINANCIAL POWERS

• JUDICIAL POWERS

• EMERGENCY POWERS

• DISCRETIONARY POWERS OF THE GOVERNORCOMPARISON OF POWERS AND POSITION OF THE PRESIDENT AND THEGOVERNOR



SARKARIA COMMISSION REPORT ON THE OFFICE OF GOVERNOR

THE CHIEF MINISTERPOWERS AND FUNCTIONS:

• IN RELATION TO THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS

• IN RELATION TO THE GOVERNOR

• IN RELATION TO THE STATE LEGISLATURE

• THE ADVOCATE GENERAL

THE STATE LEGISLATURETHE LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL (VIDHAN PARISHAD)THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY (VIDHAN SABHA)FINANCIAL AND ORDINARY BILLS

LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND STATE ADMINISTRATION

PANCHAYATI RAJ (PART IX)THE PANCHYATSBALWANT RAY MEHTA COMMITTEEASHOK MEHTA COMMITTEE

GVK RAO COMMITTEELM SINGHVI COMMITTEECONSTITUTIONALISATION73RD AMENDMENT ACT OF 1992THE SALIENT FEATURES OF THE ACTTHREE-TIER SYSTEM:GRAM SABHA

• DURATION OF PANCHAYATS

• DISQUALIFICATIONS

• RESERVATION OF SEATS

• ELECTION OF THE MEMBERS AND THE CHAIRPERSONS

•

POWERS AND FUNCTIONSSTATE ELECTION COMMISSIONSTATE FINANCE COMMISSION

• Problems in the working of Panchayats

• At political level and administration level

• At social level

• At Economic level

URBAN LOCAL GOVERNMENT (PART IX A)THE MUNICIPALITIESCONSTITUTIONALISATION

STATE ADMINISTRATIONCHIEF SECRETARY Powers and functionsSimilarities between the Chief Secretary and the Cabinet SecretaryDifferences between the Chief Secretary and the Cabinet SecretaryDISTRICT COLLECTORRole and functionsRevenue AdministrationLaw and OrderDevelopment AdministrationEvolution of District and its administration

SUB-DIVISIONTEHSILCIRCLEVILLAGE

JUDICIARY



PART V: The UnionChapter IV: The Union JudiciaryTHE SUPREME COURTSafeguards for Maintaining the Impartiality of Supreme Court JudgesQualifications for the Appointment as a Judge of the Supreme CourtSalary and AllowancesRules of ProcedureNational Judicial Council (NJC) Bill

Jurisdiction of the Supreme CourtOriginal JurisdictionWrit JurisdictionAppellate Jurisdiction

• Plea Bargaining

Advisory JurisdictionRevisory JurisdictionRemoval of the Judges of the Supreme Court Judicial Reforms Judicial Activism & Judicial ReviewRole of the SC in Strengthening the Constitution in the last 50 years

THE HIGH COURTS

PART VI: The StatesChapter V: The High Courts in the StatesCHAPTER VI: Subordinate CourtsAppointment of the JudgesQualifications for Appointment as a Judge of a High CourtProvision for Independence of the Judges of the High CourtTransfer of a Judge from one High Court to another Jurisdiction of the High Court

• Original Jurisdiction

• Appellate Jurisdiction

• Writ Jurisdiction

Administrative functions of the High CourtsComparison between the Supreme Court and the High CourtsSupreme Court Verdict on Judicial interference Judges Inquiry Bill 2006NATIONAL E-COURTS PROJECTLok AdalatsThe High Courts: Seats and Jurisdiction

THE CENTRE – STATE RELATIONSLEGISLATIVE RELATIONSADMINISTRATIVE RELATIONSFINANCIAL RELATIONSPART XIIFINANCE, PROPERTY, CONTRACTS, AND SUITSCentre – State Financial RelationsTaxing Power of Centre and StatesTaxes Levied and Collected and Retained by the CentreTaxes Levied by the Centre but Collected and Appropriated by the States:Taxes Levied and Collected by the Centre but Assigned to the StatesTaxes Levied and Collected by the Centre and Compulsorily Distributed betweenthe Centre and the StatesTaxes Levied and Collected by the Centre and may be distributed between theCentre and StatesTaxes Levied and Collected and Retained by States

Irritants in the Centre-State Fiscal RelationshipINTER - STATE COUNCILSARKARIA COMMISSIONZONAL COUNCILSNORTH-EASTERN COUNCIL



INTER-STATE RIVER WATER DISPUTE TRIBUNALEMERGENCY PROVISIONSNATIONAL EMERGENCY (ART 352)Effects of the Proclamation of EmergencySTATE EMERGENCY (ART 356)

• The 42nd and the 44th Amendment Acts in relation to Art. 356.

• Relation Between Articles 355, 356 and 365

• Art 356 and Judicial Review

• Federalism, Article 356 and its misuse• Recommendations of S R Bommai Judgment

• Recommendation of Sarkaria Commission

• NCRWC recommendationsFINANCIAL EMERGENCY (ART 360)SCHEDULES OF THE CONSTITUTION

ELECTIONS & ELECTION COMMISSIONPART XV - ELECTIONSELECTORAL SYSTEMSINGLE MEMBER CONSTITUENCY SYSTEMSYSTEM OF PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION

Single Transferable Vote or Order of ChoiceList SystemDisadvantagesTwo—ballot systemELECTION COMMISSIONConstitutional Safeguards to the Office of the CECTHE ELECTORAL ROLLMODEL CODE OF CONDUCTPOLITICAL PARTIES AND ELECTIONSREGISTRATION WITH ELECTION COMMISSIONRECOGNITION AND RESERVATION OF SYMBOLSMEDIA COVERAGESTATE FUNDING OF ELECTIONSTHE VOTERS IDENTITY CARDDELIMITATIONELECTORAL REFORMS

• The Representation of the People (Second Amendment) Act, 2003

• The Election and Other Related Laws (Amendment) Act, 2003

• Campus Elections: Lyngdoh Panel recommendationsPUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSIONS

PLANNING COMMISSIONNational Development Council

FINANCE COMMISSIONSIXTH CENTRAL PAY COMMISSIONUNIVERSITY GRANT COMMISSIONTHE CENTRAL VIGILANCE COMMISSIONCENTRAL INFORMATION COMMISSIONTHE NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR SAFAI KARAMCHARISTHE CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT ACTS (1951 – 2007)

Constitutional evolution under British ruleActs

1. Regulating Act 17732. Pitt’s India Act 17843. Charter Act 18134. Charter Act 18335. Charter Act 18536. Indian Council Act 1861



7. Indian Council Act 18928. Government of India Act 18989. Indian Council Act 1909 (Minto-Morley Reforms)10. Government of India Act 1909 (Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms)11. Government of India Act 193512. Indian Independence Act 1947

The Constituent Assembly (1946 – 1950)

STRUCTURE OF THE CONSTITUTIONPreamble to the ConstitutionParts of the ConstitutionSchedules of the ConstitutionMODIFYING THE CONSTITUTIONAmendments to the ConstitutionImportant of Amendments to the Constitution

THE PRESIDENT OF INDIAELECTION OF THE PRESIDENTQualifications of the PresidentConditions of service

POWERS OF THE PRESIDENT1. Administrative powers2. Legislative Powers3. Financial Powers4. Judicial Powers5. Emergency Powers6. Military Powers7. Diplomatic Powers8. President’s Rule9. Discretionary Powers

PRESIDENT’S RULE IN INDIATHE PRESIDENT’S OF INDIATHE VICE-PRESIDENT OF INDIAElection of the Vice-PresidentPowers and functions of the Vice-President

COUNCIL OF MINISTERS

Conditions of serviceCollective ResponsibilityFunctions of the Council of MinistersCATEGORIES OF MINISTERSTHE PRIME MINISTER OF INDIA

OverviewELECTION TO OFFICEAppointmentConditions of serviceFUNCTIONS OF THE PRIME MINISTERLIST OF PRIME MINISTERS OF INDIATHE DEPUTY PRIME MINISTER

THE PARLIAMENT OF INDIA

OverviewTHE RAJYA SABHA (COUNCIL OF STATES)About the Rajya Sabha

Membership to the Rajya SabhaTenure of the Rajya SabhaFunctions of the Rajya SabhaTHE LOK SABHA (HOUSE OF THE PEOPLE)About the Lok Sabha



Membership to the Lok SabhaTenure of the Lok SabhaFunctions of the Lok SabhaSPEAKER OF THE LOK SABHATerms of serviceFunctions of the SpeakerImportant Speakers of the Lok SabhaFUNCTIONS OF PARLIAMENT

LEGISLATIVE PROCEDURES IN PARLIAMENTOrdinary BillsMoney BillsTYPES OF MONEY BILLSAnnual Financial Statement:Appropriation Bill:IMPORTANT PARLIAMENTARY PROCEEDINGS

• Point of Order

• Vote on Account

• Guillotine

• Quorum

•

Question Hour• Zero Hour

TYPES OF MOTIONS

• Adjournment Motion:

• Calling Attention Motion

• Priviledge Motion

• Censure Motion

• No Confidence Motion

• Cut MotionTERMINATION OF A SESSION OF PARLIAMENT

SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

OverviewAbout the Supreme Court buildingCOMPOSITION OF THE SUPREME COURT Judges of the Supreme CourtTerms of serviceAd hoc JudgesThe office of the Chief JusticeNoteworthy Chief JusticesINDEPENDENCE OF JUDGES JURISDICTION OF THE SUPREME COURT

1. Original Jurisdiction2. Appellate Jurisdiction3. Advisory Jurisdiction

POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE SUPREME COURT1. Court of Record2. Judicial Review3. Other powers

HIGH COURTS IN INDIAOverview Jurisdiction of High Courts Judges and BenchesImportant High Courts and their Jurisdictions

THE STATE EXECUTIVE

THE GOVERNOR OF A STATEOverviewConditions of servicePOWERS OF THE GOVERNOR



• Executive powers

• Legislative powers

• Financial powers

• Discretionary powersTHE STATE LEGISLATUREOverviewThe Legislative AssemblyThe Legislative Council

Conditions of servicePresiding officersFunctions of the state Legislature

LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN INDIA

OverviewEvolution of local governmentLOCAL GOVERNMENT IN RURAL AREASOverviewCommittees to study Panchayat system73rd Constitutional Amendment Act 1992

VILLAGE LEVEL GOVERNMENTThe Gram SabhaConstitution of Gram PanchayatsResponsibilities of the PanchayatSources of incomeBLOCK LEVEL GOVERNMENTConstitution of Panchayat SamitiFunctions of the Panchayat SamitiDISTRICT LEVEL GOVERNMENTConstitution of the Zilla ParishadSources of incomeFunctions of the Zilla Parishad

LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN URBAN AREASOverviewMUNICIPAL CORPORATIONSources of incomeFunctions of Municipal CorporationsMUNICIPALITY CITY COUNCIL

ELECTIONS IN INDIAOverviewConstitutional provisions for electionsElection processPolitical parties Judicial Review of election disputesELECTION COMMISSION OF INDIAAbout the Election CommissionPowers of the Election CommissionFunctions of the Election CommissionComposition of the Election CommissionTerms of serviceChief Election Commissioners of IndiaDELIMITATION COMMISSION

ATTORNEY GENERAL OF INDIAOverview

Terms of servicePowers and functions of the Attorney GeneralSolicitor General for IndiaThe Advocate GeneralCOMPTROLLER AND AUDITOR GENERAL OF INDIA



OverviewTerms of serviceThe Indian Audits and Accounts Service (IA&AS)

PARLIAMENTARY COMMITTEES IN INDIA

OverviewFunctions of the CommitteesTYPES OF COMMITTEES

Ad hoc CommitteesStanding CommitteesIMPORTANT COMMITTEESDepartmentally Related Standing CommitteesCommittee on EstimatesCommittee on Public AccountsCommittee on Public UndertakingsOther important committees

CIVIL SERVICES IN INDIAOverviewCivil Services under British ruleAll India Services

Central Civil ServicesState Civil ServicesUNION PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION (UPSC)Membership to the CommissionFunctions of the UPSC

Constitution Introduction

Significance of the Constitution

Constitutional Developments Regulating Act of 1773 1.3Pitt’s India Act of 1784 1.3Charter Act of 1833 1.4Charter Act of 1853 1.4Government of India Act of 1858 1.5

Indian councils Act of 1861 1.5Indian Council Act of 1892 1.6

Indian Councils Act of 1909 1.6Government of India Act of 1919 1.6Government of India Act of 1935 1.7

Indian Independence Act of 1947 1.7Framing of the Constitution of India

Chapter 2& 3

Different sources of our ConstitutionNature of the Indian ConstitutionWhat is a Federation?Indian situation

Provisions in the Indian Constitution which are not strictly federal incharacter

The Preamble

Chapter – 2 Chapter 4Purposes of the Preamble

Sovereign Socialist

Secular Democratic



Republic

Justice

Liberty

Equality:

Fraternity

The Union and its territory

Chapter – 3 Chapter 5

Formation of new states Creating new states Reorganisation of States

Citizenship Chapter 6

Chapter – 4

Acquisition of Indian citizenship Termination of Citizenship

Dual Citizenship

FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS Introduction:

Doctrine of Eclipse

Doctrine of severability Classification of Fundamental Rights Right to Equality (Art 14 - 18)

• Article 14 7.5

• Article 15 7.6

• Article 16 7.7

• Article 17 - Abolition of untouchability 7.9

• Article18 - Abolition of Titles 7.10Right to Freedom (Art 19-22)

• Article 19 7.10

• Article 20 - Protection in respect of conviction for offences 7.12

• Ex-post facto legislation

• Double Jeopardy

• Prohibition against self incrimination

• Article 21 - Protection of Life and Personal Liberty 7.13

• Article 22 - Protection against arrest and detention in certaincases 7.14

• Procedure established by law and the due process of law Right against Exploitation (Art 23 & 24)

• Article 23 - Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forcedlabour 7.16

• Article 24 - Prohibition of employment of children in factories,etc 7.16Rights to Freedom of Religion (Art 25 -28)

• Article 25 - Freedom of conscience, profession, practice andpropagation of religion 7.17

• Article 26 - Freedom to manage religious affairs 7.17

• Article 27 - Freedoms as to payment of taxes for promotion of any particular religion 7.17

• Restrictions on Freedom of Religion

• Conversions

• Article 28 - Freedom as to the attendance at religious instructionor religious worship in certain educational Institutions 7.18

Cultural and Educational Rights (Art 29 – 30)

• Article 29 - Protection of interests of minorities 7.18

• Article 30 - Right of minorities to establish and administer 7.18



educational institutions

• Minority Institutions and regulatory measures Right to Constitutional Remedies (Art 32) 7.19Other Issues related to Fundamental Rights

• Right to Information

• Is there any erosion in the Fundamental Rights since theCommencement of the Constitution?

• Difference between the writ jurisdiction of the SC and the HC

• Public Interest Litigation

FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES Chapter 9Flag Controversy and the New Flag Code Fundamental Duties in other Countries Enforcement of Duties Eleven Fundamental Duties for Citizens

Directive Principles of State Policy Chapter 8The Socialist Principles The Gandhian Principles The Western Liberal Principles

Directive Principles subsequently added• 42nd Amendment Act, 1976

• 44th Amendment Act, 1978 Implementation of DPSPs Directives in other parts (not in Part IV) of the Constitution Relationship between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles Difference between FR & DPSP Importance of the DPSP

President of IndiaChapter

18Election of President (Art. 54,55)

Qualifications for the election to the office of the President (Article58) Impeachment of the President (Art. 61) Executive powers of the President Legislative powers Discretionary Powers of the President Bills that require prior recommendation of the President Types of Veto Emergency Powers Financial Powers Diplomatic powers Military Powers Judicial Powers Constitutional position of the President

Vice –President of IndiaChapter

19Duties of the Vice-President in extraordinary circumstances Qualifications to be the Vice-President Terms of the Office of the Vice-President (Article 67) Office of the Vice-President Vice-Presidents of India Comparison between the President and the Vice-President

ATTORNY – GENERAL OF INDIA

COMPTROLLER AND AUDITOR GENERALChapter

41DUTIES OF CAG CAG: Safeguards for impartiality



The central vigilance commissionChapter

48Appointment of Central Vigilance Commissioner and VigilanceCommissioners TERMS AND CONDITIONS REMOVAL OF CENTRAL VIGILANCE COMMISSSIONER

Council of Ministers

Prime Minister

Chapter

20 & 21Appointment of the Prime Minister Powers and Functions

• In relation to the Council of Minister:

• In relation to the President

• In relation to the Parliament Role Descriptions of PM Role of Cabinet Cabinet Committees Council of Ministers Vs Cabinet

The Parliament

Chapter

22• Article 79: Constitution of the Parliament

• Functions of the Parliament The Rajya Sabha or the Council of States

• Article 80: The Council of /states shall Consist of

• Criteria for nomination

• Special Powers of the Rajya Sabha

• Present allocation of seats in Rajya Sbha

• Federal Features of the Rajya Sabha

• Removal from the office of Chairman or Deputy Chairman

• Qualifications for the Membership of Rajya Sabha • Utility of the Rajya Sabha

• Official of the Rajya Sabha

• Disqualification of the Members of Parliament

• Joint sitting of the Parliament The Lok Sabha or the Lower House

• Special powers of the Lok Sabha

• Representation of States/UTs in the Lok Sabha

• Tenure of the Lok Sabha

• Qualifications for the membership of the Lok Sabha

• Vacation of Seats • Tenures of the Houses of the People

• Penalty for sitting and voting when not qualified

• Prerogatives of the Parliament

Speaker

• Special position of the Speaker

• Speaker Pro-tem

• Special powers of the Speaker

• Speakers of Lok Sabha Categories and Passage of the Bills

• Ordinary Bills • Money Bills

• Financial Bills Sessions of the parliament

• End of the session



• Dissolution of the House Constitutional Amendment Bills

• Amendment by simple majority

• Guillotine The Budget

• Parliamentary Control over Financial System

• Vote on Account

Parliamentary Committees • Details of some of the important Committees are:

Committee on Estimates

Committee on Public Accounts

Committee on Public Undertakings Committee on Welfare of the Scheduled Castes and ScheduledTribes

Panel of Chairmen

• Departmentally Related Standing Committee

• Leader of the Opposition: Lok Sabha

Motions

• Motions and Resolutions

• Types of Motions

Censure Motion

No-Confidence Motion

Confidence Motion

Cut Motions Pay Commissions Questions in Parliament Types of Majority Quorum in Parliament

Parliamentary Control over the Executive Anti-Defection Law Law against defection to be made stringent Causes of failure

THE STATE EXECUTIVE AND STATE LEGISLATURE

THE GOVERNORChapter

24

• APPOINTMENT AND CONDITIONS

• SALARY, ALLOWANCES & IMMUNITIES TO THE GOVERNOR

• POWERS AND FUNCTIONS

• EXECUTIVE POWERS

• LEGISLATIVE POWERS • FINANCIAL POWERS

• JUDICIAL POWERS

• EMERGENCY POWERS

• DISCRETIONARY POWERS OF THE GOVERNOR COMPARISON OF POWERS AND POSITION OF THE PRESIDENT ANDTHE GOVERNOR SARKARIA COMMISSION REPORT ON THE OFFICE OF GOVERNOR

THE CHIEF MINISTERChapter

25POWERS AND FUNCTIONS:

• IN RELATION TO THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS

• IN RELATION TO THE GOVERNOR

• IN RELATION TO THE STATE LEGISLATURE

• THE ADVOCATE GENERAL



THE STATE LEGISLATUREChapter

26 & 27THE LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL (VIDHAN PARISHAD) THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY (VIDHAN SABHA) FINANCIAL AND ORDINARY BILLS

LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND STATE ADMINISTRATION

PANCHAYATI RAJ (PART IX)Chapter

30

THE PANCHYATS BALWANT RAY MEHTA COMMITTEE ASHOK MEHTA COMMITTEE GVK RAO COMMITTEE LM SINGHVI COMMITTEE CONSTITUTIONALISATION 73RD AMENDMENT ACT OF 1992 THE SALIENT FEATURES OF THE ACT THREE-TIER SYSTEM: GRAM SABHA

• DURATION OF PANCHAYATS

• DISQUALIFICATIONS • RESERVATION OF SEATS

• ELECTION OF THE MEMBERS AND THE CHAIRPERSONS

• POWERS AND FUNCTIONS STATE ELECTION COMMISSION STATE FINANCE COMMISSION

• Problems in the working of Panchayats

• At political level and administration level

• At social level

• At Economic level

URBAN LOCAL GOVERNMENT (PART IX A) Chapter31THE MUNICIPALITIES CONSTITUTIONALISATION

STATE ADMINISTRATION CHIEF SECRETARY Powers and functions Similarities between the Chief Secretary and the Cabinet Secretary Differences between the Chief Secretary and the Cabinet Secretary DISTRICT COLLECTOR Role and functions

Revenue Administration Law and Order Development Administration Evolution of District and its administration SUB-DIVISION

TEHSIL

CIRCLE VILLAGE

JUDICIARY PART V: The Union Chapter IV: The Union Judiciary

THE SUPREME COURT Chapter23Safeguards for Maintaining the Impartiality of Supreme Court Judges Qualifications for the Appointment as a Judge of the Supreme Court



Salary and AllowancesRules of Procedure National Judicial Council (NJC) Bill Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court Original Jurisdiction Writ Jurisdiction Appellate Jurisdiction

• Plea Bargaining

Advisory Jurisdiction Revisory Jurisdiction Removal of the Judges of the Supreme Court Judicial Reforms Judicial Activism & Judicial Review Role of the SC in Strengthening the Constitution in the last 50 years

THE HIGH COURTSChapter

28PART VI: The States Chapter V: The High Courts in the States CHAPTER VI: Subordinate Courts

Appointment of the Judges Qualifications for Appointment as a Judge of a High Court Provision for Independence of the Judges of the High Court Transfer of a Judge from one High Court to another Jurisdiction of the High Court

• Original Jurisdiction

• Appellate Jurisdiction

• Writ Jurisdiction Administrative functions of the High Courts Comparison between the Supreme Court and the High Courts Supreme Court Verdict on Judicial interference

Judges Inquiry Bill 2006 NATIONAL E-COURTS PROJECT Lok Adalats

The High Courts: Seats and Jurisdiction

THE CENTRE – STATE RELATIONSChapter

13LEGISLATIVE RELATIONS ADMINISTRATIVE RELATIONS FINANCIAL RELATIONS PART XII FINANCE, PROPERTY, CONTRACTS, AND SUITS

Centre – State Financial Relations Taxing Power of Centre and States Taxes Levied and Collected and Retained by the Centre Taxes Levied by the Centre but Collected and Appropriated by theStates: Taxes Levied and Collected by the Centre but Assigned to the States Taxes Levied and Collected by the Centre and CompulsorilyDistributed between the Centre and the States Taxes Levied and Collected by the Centre and may be distributedbetween the Centre and States Taxes Levied and Collected and Retained by States

Irritants in the Centre-State Fiscal Relationship

INTER - STATE COUNCILChapter

14SARKARIA COMMISSION ZONAL COUNCILS



NORTH-EASTERN COUNCIL INTER-STATE RIVER WATER DISPUTE TRIBUNAL

EMERGENCY PROVISIONSChapter

15NATIONAL EMERGENCY (ART 352) Effects of the Proclamation of Emergency STATE EMERGENCY (ART 356)

• The 42nd and the 44th Amendment Acts in relation to Art. 356.

• Relation Between Articles 355, 356 and 365 • Art 356 and Judicial Review

• Federalism, Article 356 and its misuse

• Recommendations of S R Bommai Judgment

• Recommendation of Sarkaria Commission

• NCRWC recommendations FINANCIAL EMERGENCY (ART 360) SCHEDULES OF THE CONSTITUTION

ELECTIONS & ELECTION COMMISSION

PART XV - ELECTIONS

Chapter

34ELECTORAL SYSTEM SINGLE MEMBER CONSTITUENCY SYSTEM SYSTEM OF PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION Single Transferable Vote or Order of Choice List System Disadvantages Two—ballot system ELECTION COMMISSION Constitutional Safeguards to the Office of the CEC THE ELECTORAL ROLL

MODEL CODE OF CONDUCT

POLITICAL PARTIES AND ELECTIONS REGISTRATION WITH ELECTION COMMISSION RECOGNITION AND RESERVATION OF SYMBOLS MEDIA COVERAGE STATE FUNDING OF ELECTIONS THE VOTERS IDENTITY CARD DELIMITATION ELECTORAL REFORMS

• The Representation of the People (Second Amendment) Act,2003

• The Election and Other Related Laws (Amendment) Act, 2003

• Campus Elections: Lyngdoh Panel recommendations

PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSIONSChapter

35 & 36PLANNING COMMISSION

National Development CouncilChapter

45

FINANCE COMMISSIONChapter

37SIXTH CENTRAL PAY COMMISSION UNIVERSITY GRANT COMMISSION THE CENTRAL VIGILANCE COMMISSION CENTRAL INFORMATION COMMISSION THE NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR SAFAI KARAMCHARIS THE CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT ACTS (1951 – 2007)

Constitutional evolution under British rule



Acts

1. Regulating Act 1773

2. Pitt’s India Act 1784

3. Charter Act 1813

4. Charter Act 1833

5. Charter Act 1853

6. Indian Council Act 1861

7. Indian Council Act 1892 8. Government of India Act 1898

9. Indian Council Act 1909 (Minto-Morley Reforms) 10. Government of India Act 1909 (Montagu-Chelmsford

Reforms)

11. Government of India Act 1935

12. Indian Independence Act 1947

The Constituent Assembly (1946 – 1950) 2.1 – 2.6

STRUCTURE OF THE CONSTITUTION

Preamble to the Constitution

Parts of the Constitution

Schedules of the Constitution

MODIFYING THE CONSTITUTIONChapter

10

Amendments to the Constitution

Important of Amendments to the Constitution

THE PRESIDENT OF INDIA

ELECTION OF THE PRESIDENT

Qualifications of the President

Conditions of service

POWERS OF THE PRESIDENT

1.

Administrative powers 2. Legislative Powers

3. Financial Powers

4. Judicial Powers

5. Emergency Powers

6. Military Powers

7. Diplomatic Powers

8. President’s Rule

9. Discretionary Powers

PRESIDENT’S RULE IN INDIA

THE PRESIDENT’S OF INDIA

THE VICE-PRESIDENT OF INDIA

Election of the Vice-President

Powers and functions of the Vice-President

COUNCIL OF MINISTERS


Collective Responsibility

Functions of the Council of Ministers

CATEGORIES OF MINISTERS

THE PRIME MINISTER OF INDIA

Overview

ELECTION TO OFFICE Appointment


FUNCTIONS OF THE PRIME MINISTER



LIST OF PRIME MINISTERS OF INDIA

THE DEPUTY PRIME MINISTER

THE PARLIAMENT OF INDIA

Overview

THE RAJYA SABHA (COUNCIL OF STATES)

About the Rajya Sabha

Membership to the Rajya Sabha

Tenure of the Rajya Sabha Functions of the Rajya Sabha

THE LOK SABHA (HOUSE OF THE PEOPLE)

About the Lok Sabha

Membership to the Lok Sabha

Tenure of the Lok Sabha

Functions of the Lok Sabha

SPEAKER OF THE LOK SABHA

Terms of service

Functions of the Speaker

Important Speakers of the Lok Sabha

FUNCTIONS OF PARLIAMENT

LEGISLATIVE PROCEDURES IN PARLIAMENT

Ordinary Bills

Money Bills

TYPES OF MONEY BILLS

Annual Financial Statement:

Appropriation Bill:

IMPORTANT PARLIAMENTARY PROCEEDINGS

• Point of Order

• Vote on Account

• Guillotine • Quorum

• Question Hour

• Zero Hour

TYPES OF MOTIONS

• Adjournment Motion:

• Calling Attention Motion

• Priviledge Motion

• Censure Motion

• No Confidence Motion

• Cut Motion

TERMINATION OF A SESSION OF PARLIAMENT

Loading ...SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

Overview

About the Supreme Court building

COMPOSITION OF THE SUPREME COURT

Judges of the Supreme Court

Terms of service

Ad hoc Judges

The office of the Chief Justice

Noteworthy Chief Justices

INDEPENDENCE OF JUDGES

JURISDICTION OF THE SUPREME COURT



1. Original Jurisdiction

2. Appellate Jurisdiction

3. Advisory Jurisdiction

POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE SUPREME COURT

1. Court of Record

2. Judicial Review

3. Other powers

HIGH COURTS IN INDIA Overview

Jurisdiction of High Courts

Judges and Benches

Important High Courts and their Jurisdictions

THE STATE EXECUTIVE

THE GOVERNOR OF A STATE

Overview


POWERS OF THE GOVERNOR

• Executive powers

• Legislative powers

• Financial powers

• Discretionary powers

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

Overview

The Legislative Assembly

The Legislative Council


Presiding officers

Functions of the state Legislature

LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN INDIA Overview

Evolution of local government

LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN RURAL AREAS

Overview

Committees to study Panchayat system

73rd Constitutional Amendment Act 1992

VILLAGE LEVEL GOVERNMENT

The Gram Sabha

Constitution of Gram Panchayats

Responsibilities of the Panchayat Sources of income

BLOCK LEVEL GOVERNMENT

Constitution of Panchayat Samiti

Functions of the Panchayat Samiti

DISTRICT LEVEL GOVERNMENT

Constitution of the Zilla Parishad

Sources of income

Functions of the Zilla Parishad

LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN URBAN AREAS

Overview MUNICIPAL CORPORATION

Sources of income

Functions of Municipal Corporations

MUNICIPALITY



CITY COUNCIL

ELECTIONS IN INDIA

Overview

Constitutional provisions for elections

Election process

Political parties

Judicial Review of election disputes

ELECTION COMMISSION OF INDIA About the Election Commission

Powers of the Election Commission

Functions of the Election Commission

Composition of the Election Commission

Terms of service

Chief Election Commissioners of India

DELIMITATION COMMISSION

ATTORNEY GENERAL OF INDIA

Overview

Terms of service

Powers and functions of the Attorney General

Solicitor General for India

The Advocate General

COMPTROLLER AND AUDITOR GENERAL OF INDIA

Overview

Terms of service

The Indian Audits and Accounts Service (IA&AS)

PARLIAMENTARY COMMITTEES IN INDIA

Overview

Functions of the Committees

TYPES OF COMMITTEES Ad hoc Committees

Standing Committees

IMPORTANT COMMITTEES

Departmentally Related Standing Committees

Committee on Estimates

Committee on Public Accounts

Committee on Public Undertakings

Other important committees

CIVIL SERVICES IN INDIA

Overview Civil Services under British rule

All India Services

Central Civil Services

State Civil Services

UNION PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION (UPSC)

Membership to the Commission

Functions of the UPSC

Indian Polity Notes-contents

Documents

Transcript of Indian Polity Notes-contents