INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LIMITED

EIA REPORTFOR THE

PROPOSED BULK LPG STORAGE & BOTTLING FACILITY

“TIRUNELVELI BOTTLING PLANT”AT

SIPCOT INDUSTRIAL GROWTH CENTRE , GANGAIKONDAN VILLAGE,

TIRUNELVELI TALUK & DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU

COMPLIANCE TO TERMS OF REFERENCE

A. GENERIC TERMS OF REFERENCE S.No. Terms of reference (TOR) Compliance

1 Executive summary

Executive summary of the project is given in EIA report.

2

Introduction

Introduction to the project is given in Chapter 1

i. Details of the EIA Consultant including NABET accreditation

Described in Chapter 11 Page 131-135 of EIA Report.

ii. Information about the project proponent Information about the project proponent is given in Chapter 1,

iii. Importance and benefits of the project Given in Chapter 1, Page No.2 and Chapter 8 pg. no. 118-119.

3 i. Cost of project and time of completion. 78.58 crores. Upon obtaining Environmental Clearance, M/s IOCL will commence LPG bottling at the Indane Bottling Plant.

ii. Products with capacities for the proposed project.

LPG throughput of 1,20,000 MTPA through 2 LPG Filling Carousels. Details of the same are given in Chapter 2 , Page no. 32.

iii. If expansion project, details of existing products with capacities and whether adequate land is available for expansion, reference of earlier EC if any.

Not Applicable, Since this is a new project.

iv. List of raw materials required and their source along with mode of transportation.

LPG from M/s Indian Oil Petronas Pvt Ltd (Athipattu, Chennai) will be received through bullet trucks. & stored in mounded bullets of capacity 3 x 600MT (total 1800MT). Details of the same are given in Chapter 2, Section 2.6, Page no. 34.

v. Other chemicals and materials required with quantities and storage capacities

Details of the same are given in Chapter 2, Section 2.6, Page no. 35.

vi. Details of Emission, effluents, hazardous waste generation and their management.

Details are given in Chapter 2, Section 2.11,2.12, Page no.38- 40.

vii. Requirement of water, power, with source of supply, status of approval, water balance diagram, man-power requirement (regular and contract)

Details are given in Chapter 2, Section 2.9, Page no. 37-38.

viii. Process description along with major equipments and machineries, process flow sheet(quantative) from raw material to products to be provided

Details are given in Chapter 2.

ix. Hazard identification and details of proposed safety system

Details of the hazard identification are given in the risk assessment report

enclosed in Annexure 6. Details of the safety system are given in Chapter 2.

x. Expansion/modernization proposals: a. Copy of all the Environmental Clearance(s) including Amendments thereto obtained for the project from MOEF/SEIAA shall be attached as an Annexure. A certified copy of the latest Monitoring Report of the Regional Office of the Ministry of Environment and Forests as per circular dated 30th May, 2012 on the status of compliance of conditions stipulated in all the existing environmental clearances including Amendments shall be provided. In addition, status of compliance of Consent to Operate for the ongoing Iexisting operation of the project from SPCB shall be attached with the EIA-EMP report.

Not Applicable, Since this is a new project.

b. In case the existing project has not obtained environmental clearance, reasons for not taking EC under the provisions of the EIA Notification 1994 and/or EIA Notification 2006 shall be provided. Copies of Consent to Establish/No Objection Certificate and Consent to Operate (in case of units operating prior to EIA Notification 2006, CTE and CTO of FY 2005-2006) obtained from the SPCB shall be submitted. Further, compliance report to the conditions of consents from the SPCB shall be submitted.

Not Applicable, Since this is a new project.

4 Site Details

i. Location of the project site covering village, Taluka/Tehsil, District and State, Justification for selecting the site, whether other sites were considered.

Details of Project location are given in Chapter 2 , Section 2.3 Page no. 21 -23. Justification of site selection is given in Chapter 5 ,Page 109-110 of the EIA report.

ii. A toposheet of the study area of radius of 10km and site location on 1:50,000/1:25,000 scale on an A3/A2 sheet. (including all eco-sensitive areas and environmentally sensitive places)

A toposheet of the study area of radius of 10km is given in Section 2.3.3. page 27 of the EIA report.

iii. Details w.r.t. option analysis for selection of site

Justification of site selection is given in Chapter 5 ,Page 109-110.

iv. Co-ordinates (lat-long) of all four corners of the site.

Details are given in Chapter 2

v. Google map-Earth downloaded of the project site.

Google map-Earth is given in Chapter 2, Figure 2.1, Page 22 of the EIA report.

vi. Layout maps indicating existing unit as well as proposed unit indicating storage area, plant area, greenbelt area, utilities etc. If located within an Industrial area/Estate/Complex, layout of Industrial Area indicating location of unit within the Industrial area/Estate.

Layout map of the project site is given in Chapter 2 , Figure 2.6, Page 31. Of the EIA report.

vii. Photographs of the proposed and existing (if applicable) plant site. If existing, show photographs of plantation/greenbelt, in particular.

Photographs of the project site are given in Chapter 2, Page 36 of the EIA report.

viii. Landuse break-up of total land of the project site (identified and acquired), government/private - agricultural, forest, wasteland, water bodies, settlements, etc shall be included. (not

Landuse break-up of total land of the project site is given in Section 2.3.4, Page 30 of the EIA report

ix. A list of major industries with name and type within study area (10km radius) shall be incorporated. Land use details of the study area

A list of major industries with name is given in Page no. 103 of the EIA report.

x. Geological features and Geo-hydrological status of the study area shall be included.

Geological features and Geo-hydrological status of the study area are given in Section 3.7 Page 59- 64 of the EIA report.

xi. Details of Drainage of the project upto 5km radius of study area. If the site is within 1 km radius of any major river, peak and lean season river discharge as well as flood occurrence

Details of Drainage of the project upto 5km radius of study area are given in Section3.4, Page 58.

xii. Status of acquisition of land. If acquisition is not complete, stage of the acquisition process and expected time of complete possession of the land.

Details of the lease deed with SIPCOT for land ownership is given in Annexure 1

xiii. R&R details in respect of land in line with state Government policy

Not applicable

5 Forest and wildlife related issues (if applicable):

Not Applicable

i. Permission and approval for the use of forest land (forestry clearance), if any, and

Not Applicable

recommendations of the State Forest Department. (if applicable) ii. Landuse map based on High resolution satellite imagery (GPS) of the proposed site delineating the forestland (in case of projects involving forest land more than 40 ha)

Not Applicable

iii. Status of Application submitted for obtaining the stage I forestry clearance along with latest status shall be submitted.

Not Applicable

iv. The projects to be located within 10 km of the National Parks, Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves, Migratory Corridors of Wild Animals, the project proponent shall submit the map duly authenticated by Chief Wildlife Warden showing these features vis-à-vis the project location and the recommendations or comments of the Chief Wildlife Warden-thereon.

Not applicable, since no National Parks, Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves, Migratory Corridors of Wild Animals are located within 10 km from project site.

v. Wildlife Conservation Plan duly authenticated by the Chief Wildlife Warden of the State Government for conservation of Schedule I fauna, if any exists in the study area.

Not applicable, since no Schedule I fauna exists in the study area.

vi. Copy of application submitted for clearance under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, to the Standing Committee of the National Board for Wildlife.

Not applicable.

6 Environmental Status i. Determination of atmospheric inversion level at the project site and site-specific micrometeorological data using temperature, relative humidity, hourly wind speed and direction and rainfall.

Details of site-specific, micrometeorological data using temperature, relative humidity, hourly wind speed and direction and rainfall are given in chapter 3 of the EIA Report.

ii. AAQ data (except monsoon) at 8 locations for PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOX, CO and other parameters relevant to the project shall be collected. The monitoring stations shall be based CPCB guidelines and take into account the pre-dominant wind direction, population zone and sensitive receptors including reserved forests.

Details of AAQ data are given in Chapter 3, section 3.10, page 66-76 of the EIA report .

iii. Raw data of all AAQ measurement for 12 weeks of all stations as per frequency given in the NAQQM Notification of Nov. 2009 along with - min., max., average and 98% values for each of the AAQ parameters from data of all AAQ stations should be provided as an annexure to the EIA Report.

Details of AAQ data are given in Chapter 3, section 3.10, page 66-76 of the EIA report .

iv. Surface water quality of nearby River (100m upstream and downstream of discharge point) and other surface drains at eight locations as per CPCB/MoEF&CC guidelines.

Details of Surface water quality are given in Chapter 3, section 3.12, page 83 of the EIA report .

v. Whether the site falls near to polluted stretch of river identified by the CPCB/MoEF&CC, if yes give details.

No, the site does not fall near to polluted stretch of river identified by the CPCB/MoEF&CC

vi. Ground water monitoring at minimum at 8 locations shall be included.

Details of Ground water quality monitoring are given in Chapter 3 of the EIA report.

vii. Noise levels monitoring at 8 locations within the study area.

Details of noise level monitoring are given in Chapter 3 of the EIA report.

viii. Soil Characteristic as per CPCB guidelines.

Details of Soil Characteristic are given in Chapter 3 of the EIA report.

ix. Traffic study of the area, type of vehicles, frequency of vehicles for transportation of materials,

Details of traffic study are given in Chapter 3 of the EIA report.

x. Detailed description of flora and fauna (terrestrial and aquatic) existing in the study area shall be given with special reference to rare, endemic and endangered species. If Schedule-

Details of description of flora and fauna are given in Chapter 3 of the EIA report.

xi. Socio-economic status of the study area.

Socio-economic status of the study area are given in Chapter 3 of the EIA report.

7 Impact and Environment Management Plan i. Assessment of ground level concentration

of pollutants from the stack emission based on site-specific meteorological features. In case the project is located on a hilly terrain, the AQIP Modelling shall be done using inputs of the specific terrain characteristics for determining the potential impacts of the project on the AAQ. Cumulative impact of all sources of emissions (including transportation) on the AAQ of the area shall be assessed. Details of the model used and the input data used for modelling shall also be provided. The air quality contours shall be plotted on a location map showing the location of project site, habitation nearby, sensitive receptors, if any.

No emissions are generated during the operations as the entire bottling process is carried out through pipelines from Storage Area to Filling Shed. Adequate sensors are provided for detection of any leaks.

ii. Water Quality modelling - in case of discharge in water body

Not applicable as there is no discharge into water body

iii. Impact of the transport of the raw materials and end products on the surrounding environment shall be assessed and provided. In this regard, options for transport of raw materials and finished products and wastes (large quantities) by rail or rail-cum road transport or conveyor cum- rail transport shall be examined.

LPG will be transported through bullet trucks (from M/s IPPL) through roadways to the Bottling Plant bullet trucks and will arrive / depart once the bottling operation commences.

iv. A note on treatment of wastewater from different plant operations, extent recycled and reused for different purposes shall be included. Complete scheme of effluent treatment. Characteristics of untreated and treated effluent to meet the prescribed standards of discharge under E(P) Rules.

Washing water generated from cylinder washing will be diverted to sedimentation traps fitted with separator & purified water will be reused for cylinder washing. There will be no process / trade effluent generated during operations.

v. Details of stack emission and action plan for control of emissions to meet standards.

No emissions are generated during the operations as the entire bottling process is carried out through pipelines from Storage Area to Filling Shed. Adequate sensors are provided for detection of any leaks. D.G sets & Fire Engines have been fitted with stacks of adequate height to disperse the pollutants.

vi. Measures for fugitive emission control Fugitive VOC emissions from cylinder filling & storage area will be drawn through Vapour Extraction Unit & diverted to Cold Flare stack to disperse VOCs.

vii. Details of hazardous waste generation and their storage, utilization and management. Copies of MOU regarding utilization of solid and hazardous waste in cement plant shall also be included. EMP shall include the concept of waste- minimization, recycle/reuse/recover techniques, Energy conservation, and natural resource conservation.

Spent oil generated will be disposed through TNPCB Authorized recyclers.

viii. Proper utilization of fly ash shall be ensured as per Fly Ash Notification, 2009. A detailed plan of action shall be provided.

Not applicable as there is no fly ash generation.

ix. Action plan for the green belt development plan in 33 % area i.e. land with not less than 1,500 trees per ha. Giving details of species, width of plantation, planning schedule etc. shall be included. The green belt shall be around the project boundary and a scheme for greening of the roads used for the project shall also be incorporated.

Action plan for the green belt development plan is given in Chapter 9, Section 9.2.6 , page 121-123

x. Action plan for rainwater harvesting measures at plant site shall be submitted to harvest rainwater from the roof tops and storm water drains to recharge the ground water and also to use for the various activities at the project site to conserve fresh water and reduce the water requirement from other sources.

Action plan for rainwater harvesting measures is given in section 9.2.5, Chapter 9 , page 121.

xi. Total capital cost and recurring cost/annum for environmental pollution control measures shall be included.

Total capital cost and recurring cost/annum for environmental pollution control measures are given in Section 9.5, Chapter 9 , page 126

xii. Action plan for post-project environmental monitoring shall be submitted.

Action plan for post-project environmental monitoring is given in Chapter 6 of the EIA report.

xiii. Onsite and Offsite Disaster (natural and Man-made) Preparedness and Emergency Management Plan including Risk Assessment and damage control. Disaster management plan should be linked with District Disaster Management Plan.

Details of Onsite and Offsite Disaster are given in the risk assessment report Annexure 6 of the EIA report.

8 Occupational health i. Plan and fund allocation to ensure the

occupational health & safety of all contract and casual workers.

Details of the same are given in Chapter 9 of the EIA report.

ii. Details of exposure specific health status Health check-up of working persons, for

evaluation of worker. If the workers' health is being evaluated by pre designed format, chest x rays, Audiometry, Spirometry, Vision testing (Far & Near vision, colour vision and any other ocular defect) ECG, during pre placement and periodical examinations give the details of the same. Details regarding last month analyzed data of above mentioned parameters as per age, sex, duration of exposure and department wise.

identifying occupational Health hazards, will be done during the operation phase. On-site medical officer will be available 3 days/week for periodic health monitoring.

iii. Details of existing Occupational & SafetyHazards. What are the exposure levels of hazards and whether they are within Permissible Exposure level (PEL). If these are not within PEL, what measures the company has adopted to keep them within PEL so that health of the workers can be preserved,

Adequate measures to control the Permissible Exposure level will be done.

iv. Annual report of heath status of workerswith special reference to Occupational Health and Safety.

Annual report of heath status of workers with special reference to Occupational Health and Safety will be done during the operation phase.

9 Corporate Environment Policy i. Does the company have a well laid downEnvironment Policy approved by its Board of Directors? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA report.

Details of the same are given in Chapter 9, section 9.4.

ii. Does the Environment Policy prescribe forstandard operating process / procedures to bring into focus any infringement / deviation / violation of the environmental or forest norms /conditions? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA.

Details of the same are given in Chapter 9,

iii. What is the hierarchical system orAdministrative order of the company to deal with the environmental issues and for ensuring compliance with the environmental clearance conditions? Details of this system may be given.

Details of the same are given in Chapter 9,

iv. Does the company have system ofreporting of non compliances / violations of environmental norms to the Board of Directors of the company and / or shareholders or stakeholders at large? This reporting mechanism shall be detailed in the EIA report

Details of the same are given in Chapter 9,

10 Details regarding infrastructure facilities such as sanitation, fuel, restroom etc. to be provided to the labour force during construction as well as to the casual workers

Adequate facilities will be provided.

including truck drivers during operation phase.

11 Enterprise Social Commitment (ESC) i. Adequate funds (at least 2.5 % of theproject cost) shall be earmarked towards the Enterprise Social Commitment based on Public Hearing issues and item-wise details along with time bound action plan shall be included. Socio-economic development activities need to be elaborated upon.

Public Hearing is Exempted as per 7(i) III Stage (3)(i)(b) of EIA notification , 2006. Details of the CSR activities are given in Chapter 8.

12 Any litigation pending against the project and/or any direction/order passed by any Court of Law against the project, if so, details thereof shall also be included. Has the unit received any notice under the Section 5 of Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 or relevant Sections of Air and Water Acts? If so, details thereof and compliance/ATR to the notice(s) and present status of the case.

Not applicable.

13 A tabular chart with index for point wise compliance of above TOR.

Complied

B. SPECIFIC TERMS

S.No. Terms of reference (TOR) Compliance 1 Details on list of hazardous chemicals to be

stored along with storage quantities at the facility, their category (as per MSIHC Rules), MSDS.

Details of the same are given in Chapter 7 and

Annexure 6 of the EIA report.

2 Mode of receiving hazardous chemicals in isolated storages and mode of their dispatch.

A detailed note on Mode of receiving hazardous chemicals in isolated storages and mode of their dispatch is given in Chapter 2 , section 2.5 page 32 of the EIA report

3 Layout plan of the storage tanks and other associated facilities.

Layout plan of the storage tanks and other facilities are given in Chapter 2 page 31 of the EIA report.

4 Details on types and specifications of the storage facilities including tanks, pumps, piping, valves, flanges, pumps, monitoring equipments, systems for emissions control safety controls including relief systems.

Details on specifications of the storage facilities including tanks, pumps, piping, valves, flanges, pumps, monitoring equipments, systems for emissions control safety controls are given in Chapter 2 , section 2.7 , page no.35 and

Annexure 6 . 5 Arrangements to control loss/leakage of

chemicals and management system in case of leakage.

Leakage of chemicals and management system in case of leakage is done through a gas detector system a Note of the same is enclosed in Chapter 2, Section 2.16.

6 Risk Assessment & Disaster Management Plan

– Identification of hazards Details of the same are given in Chapter 7 and Annexure 6 of the EIA report.

– Consequence Analysis Details of the same are given in Chapter 7 and Annexure 6 of the EIA report.

– Details of domino effect of the storage tanks and respective preventive measures including distance between storage units in an isolated storage facility.

Details of the same are given in Annexure 6.

Onsite and offsite emergency preparedness plan.

Details of the same are given in Annexure 6 of the EIA report.

B. Additional TOR

S.No. Terms of reference (TOR) Compliance 1. Public hearing is exempted as per para 7(i) III

Stage (3)(i)(b) of EIA Notification, 2006 for preparation of EIA/EMP Report, being site is located in the Notified industrial area. Copy of notification of industrial area to be submitted.

A copy of the G.O declaring SIPCOT industrial Growth centre , Gangaikondan as a Notified industrial area is enclosed as Annexure 7.

TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter # Title Page

Table of Contents List of Figures List of Tables Executive Summary

1 Introduction 1 1.1 Purpose of the Report 1 1.2 Identification of Project 1 1.3 Identification of Project Proponent 1 1.4 Brief description of Proposed Project 2

1.4.1 Nature, Location & Size of the Project 2 1.4.2 Need for the Project and its Importance 2 1.5 Approach Methodology 2

1.5.1 Study Period 3 1.6 Need for EIA 3 1.7 Structure of EIA Report 3 1.8 Regulatory Framework and Environmental Legislations 4

1.8.1 Legislative Background 4 1.8.2 Regulatory Framework 4 1.8.3 Environmental Legislations 6 1.8.4 Applicable Environmental Standards 12

2 Project Description 21 2.1 Type Of Project 21 2.2 Need For The Project 21 2.3 Site Characteristics 21

2.3.1 Location 21 2.3.2 Connectivity 24 2.3.3 Environmental Settings 26 2.3.4 Land Requirement 30 2.4 Magnitude of Operation 32 2.5 Description of Process 32 2.6 Raw Material Requirements 34 2.7 Infrastructure at the Facility 34

2.7.1 Description of Mounded Bullets 35 2.8 Power Requirement 37 2.9 Manpower Requirement 37

2.10 Freshwater Requirement 37 2.11 Pollution Control Measures Proposed 38 2.12 Wastewater Generation 39 2.13 Solid Waste Generation & Disposal 39

2.14 Details on Fire Protection System 39 2.15 Rainwater and storm water drainage network 45 2.16 Project Cost 47

3 Description of Environment 48 3.1 Introduction 48 3.2 Scope of baseline study 48 3.3 Rainfall & Climate 50 3.4 Drainage 58 3.5 Geomorphology 59 3.6 Soil 59 3.7 Ground water scenario 59 3.8 Landuse 64 3.9 Seismicity 65

3.10 Air Environment 66 3.11 Noise Environment 76 3.12 Water Environment 82 3.13 Soil Environment 90 3.14 Ecological Environment 95 3.15 Socio-Economic Environment 98

4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures

104

4.1 Introduction 104 4.2 Impacts During Construction Phase 104 4.3 Impacts During Operation Phase 104

4.3.1 Impact on Ambient Air Environment 107 4.3.2 Impact on Water Environment 107

4.3.2.1 Raw Water Consumption 107 4.3.2.2 Domestic Sewage Generation & Disposal 107 4.3.2.3 Effluent Generation & Disposal 107 4.3.3 Impact on Ambient Noise Environment 108 4.3.4 Impact on Land Environment 108 4.3.5 Impact on Socio-Economic Environment 108

5 Analysis of Alternatives (Technology & Site) 109 5.1 Site Selection Criteria 109 5.2 Technology Selection Criteria 109

5.2.1 Mounded Bullets 109 6 Environmental Monitoring Program 112

6.1 Ambient Air Quality 113 7 Risk Assessment Study 115

7.1 Brief Summary of Risk Assessment Study 115 8 Project Benefits 118

8.1 Introduction 118

8.2 Direct Benefits 118 8.3 Indirect Benefits 119 8.4 Corporate Social Responsibility 119 9 Environmental Management Plan 120

9.1 Introduction 120 9.2 Management During Operation Phase 120

9.2.1 Air Environment Management 120 9.2.2 Water Environment Management 120 9.2.3 Noise Environment Management 121 9.2.4 Solid & Hazardous Waste Management 121 9.2.5 Rainwater & Storm Water Drainage Network 121 9.2.6 Green Belt Development 121 9.3 Environmental Management Cell 123 9.4 Safety, Health and Environmental Policy 124 9.5 Environmental Management Costs 126 10 Summary & Conclusion 127

10.1 Salient Features Of The Project 127 10.2 Overall Justification For Implementation Of The Project 129

10.2.1 Explanation On Environmental Mitigation 129 10.3 Conclusion 130 11 Disclosure of Consultant 131

11.1 Introduction 131 11.2 Services Of ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited 131 11.3 Sectors Accredited by NABET 133 11.4 Study Team 134

LIST OF ANNEXURES

Annexure # Title 1 Lease Deed 2 Consent To Establish (CTE) 3 Consent To Operate (CTO) 4 PESO License 5 TN Fire & Rescue Services NOC 6 Risk Assessment Report 7 Notification Declaring SIPCOT,

Gangaikondan as Notified Industrial Area

LIST OF FIGURES Figure # Title Page #

2.1 Google Image of the Project Site 22 2.2 Map showing the location of the project site 23 2.3 Map showing connectivity around the project site 25 2.4 Topo sheet (5km & 10km surrounding project site) 27 2.5 Landuse classification map (5km & 10km surrounding project site) 28 2.6 Site layout 31 2.7 Process flow chart 34 2.8 Photograph of mounded bullet 36 2.9 Photograph of mounded bullet 36

2.10 Water Balance Chart 38 2.11 Firewater storage tanks 39

2.12 Fire Hydrant Layout 44 2.13 Storm Water Layout 46

3.1 Average Rainfall of last five years 51 3.2 Wind rose for the month of February 2015 53 3.3 Wind rose for the month of March 2015 55 3.4 Wind rose for the month of April 2015 57 3.5 Drainage Map (10 km) of the Project 58 3.6 Hydrogeology Map of Tirunelveli District 62 3.7 Map Showing depth to water level in Pre-monsoon 63 3.8 Map Showing depth to water level in Post-monsoon 65 3.9 Land Use/ Land Cover Map within 10 km of the Project Site 65

3.10 Map showing seismic tectonic zone 66 3.11 Map Showing Air Quality Monitoring Locations 70 3.12 Map showing the location of Noise level monitoring stations 80 3.13 Map showing Water quality monitoring locations 84 3.14 Map showing the location soil sampling stations 92

9.1 Avenue Plantation at entrance 122 9.2 Greenbelt around Administrative Building 123 9.3 Health, Safety & Environmental Policy of IOCL 125

LIST OF TABLES Table # Title Page #

1.1 Key Organizations and their functions 5 1.2 National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS),2009 12 1.3 Source Emission Discharge Standards 13 1.4 Specification of Diesel fuel for emission related parameters as per EPA rules,

1986 13

1.5 Ambient Air Quality Standards in respect of Noise 14

1.6 Emission Standards for Boiler ( Small) 14

1.7 Emission Limits for new diesel engine, generator sets (DG) up to 800 KW 15

1.8 Effluent Standards for Dyes and Dye Intermediates Industry as EPA rules, 1986

16

1.9 Standards for Industrial & Sewage Effluents 17

2.1 Environmental Settings of the Project Site 30

2.2 Land use breakup 30

2.2 Throughput (Before and After expansion) 32

2.3 Mass balance for LPG bottling throughput (existing & proposed) 34

2.4 List of equipments / facilities & number 35

2.5 Details on D.G sets 37

2.6 Water balance table 38

2.7 Details on existing APCs 38

2.8 List of fire protection Equipment’s 41

3.1 Environmental Attributes 48 3.2 Frequency and monitoring Methodology 49 3.3 Tirunelveli District Weather Report for the month of February 2015 52 3.4 Tirunelveli District Weather Report for the month of March 2015 54 3.5 Tirunelveli District Weather Report for the month of April 2015 56 3.6 Landuse classification 64 3.7 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations 68 3.8 Techniques used for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring 71 3.9 Summary of Ambient Air Quality Result 73 3.10 Noise Quality Monitoring stations 77 3.11 Ambient Noise Level 81 3.12 Ambient Noise Quality Standards 82 3.13 Water quality monitoring locations 83 3.14 Results for Water Analysis 84 3.15 Soil Sampling Locations 91 3.16 Soil Quality Results 93 3.17 Standard Soil Classification 94 3.18 List of Flora observed in the study area 96 3.19 List of Fauna observed in the study area 97

3.20 Reserve Forests within 10 Km Radius of the Project Site 98 3.21 Distribution of population in the study area 100 3.22 Distribution of Population by Social Structure 101 3.23 Distribution of Literate and Literacy Rates 102 3.24 Occupational Structure 102

4.1 Impact Prediction Matrix 105 6.1 Environmental Monitoring Program – Operation Phase 112 6.2 Method of Testing PM10/PM2.5 113 6.3 Method of Testing SO2 113 6.4 Method of Testing NOX 114 7.1 Recommendations of Risk Assessment Study 117 9.1 Details on greenbelt plantation 122 9.2 Responsibilities of Personnel of EMC 124 9.3 EMP Budget 126

10.1 Salient features of the project 127

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

I. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

M/s Indian Oil Corporation Ltd has set up the Tirunelveli Bottling Plant at SIPCOT

Gangaikondan village. The plant will function primarily as LPG receipt, storage & bottling

unit for filling into cylinders. The present proposal has been submitted to MoEF-CC for

obtaining EC for the existing bulk LPG storage capacity of 1800MT to achieve the consented

LPG bottling throughput of 1,20,000MTPA. The throughput will be achieved by installing

two LPG cylinder Filling Carousels each having 24 Filling Machines within the existing

plant.

Indane Bottling Plant at SIPCOT, Gangaikondan village will be operated by M/s. Indian Oil

Corporation Ltd. The plant will function primarily as LPG receipt, storage & bottling unit for

filling into cylinders. The plant operations are categorized as,

1. Receipt of product

• Receipt of bulk LPG from M/s IndianOil Petronas Pvt Ltd (M/s IPPL), a Joint Venture

Company of IOC through bullet trucks of 18 MT capacity each.

• Bullet Truck unloading through 8 Decanting Bays.

• Bulk LPG transfer from 8 bays to LPG storage bullets.

• Storage of bulk LPG in 3 x 600 MT (1800 MT) mounded type LPG bullets.

2. Receipt of empty LPG cylinders & segregation

• Empty cylinders will be received from Indane distributors

• Defective and unfit cylinders will be segregated for rectification/repairs.

• Only sound empty cylinders will be taken for filling.

3. Bottling

• Pumping of bulk LPG to Carousal type LPG filling machines (2x24 machines)

• Bottling of LPG in 5, 14.2, 19 and 47.5 kg capacity LPG cylinders.

• On-line Quality Control Checks like weight, leakage, etc on filled cylinders

4. Loading into trucks

• Sound filled cylinders will be loaded into trucks for distributors

• Statistical Quality Control Checks are carried out before despatches to markets

5. Distribution

• Loaded packed cylinders trucks will carry the filled cylinders to our authorised Indane

Distributors.

• Filled cylinders will be stored in Explosive Licensed LPG godowns.

• Distributors will carry filled cylinders to our customers, deliver the filled cylinders after pre-

delivery quality checks and take back empty cylinders from customers.

• Empty cylinders will be stored in LPG godowns and then brought back to bottling plant for

refilling.

II. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

Primary baseline environmental monitoring studies were conducted during three months

from February 2015 to April 2015 and details are as follows:

METEOROLOGY

The maximum and minimum temperature recorded during the study period is 34°C and

23°C. The relative humidity found varying from 60 to 83%. The predominant winds are

mostly from Northwest, Northeast and Southeast directions. Maximum 63mm rainfall

was recorded during study period.

AIR ENVIRONMENT

To establish the baseline status of the ambient air quality in the study area, the air quality

was monitored at eight (8) locations. The maximum and minimum values of Ambient Air

Quality monitoring are given in the following table:

Locations PM10,µg/m3 PM 2.5,µg/m3 SO2,µg/m3 NOX,µg/m3

Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Project Site(AAQ1) 39 54 17.5 24.2 5.1 6.2 9.7 12.2 Gangaikondan(AAQ2) 43 57 20.4 26.5 6.7 8.3 11.8 16.4 Venkatasalapuram(AAQ3) 37 48 18.5 23.8 BDL(<5) 10.1 13.4 Alavanthankulam(AAQ4) 45 55 21.2 25.3 5.4 6.1 11.5 14.2 Kattalai(AAQ5) 35 46 17 22.8 BDL(<5) 9.1 11.9 Thalaiyuthu(AAQ6) 51 66 24.9 35.7 6.3 8.5 13.5 17.2 Nanjankulam(AAQ7) 40 53 18.8 23.9 BDL(<5) 10.2 12.6 Thathanuthu(AAQ8) 48 59 19.7 27.6 5.6 6.8 13.3 16.2

The results of the monitored data indicate that the ambient air quality of the region in

general is in conformity with respect to the norms of National Ambient Air Quality

standards (NAAQS) of CPCB, with present level of activities.

NOISE ENVIRONMENT

The noise monitoring has been conducted at seven (7) locations in the study area. Project

site recorded highest value of 52.1 dB (A) during day time. The lowest noise level was

found to be 40.9 dB (A) during night time. However the noise levels are found to be well

within the CPCB standards.

WATER ENVIRONMENT

Six (6) groundwater samples and two (2) surface water samples within the study area

were considered for assessment. The water samples were collected and analyzed during

2015. The pH of ground water in the study area varies between 6.66 and 7.82,

Conductivity varies from 1012 to 2450 μS/cm, TDS values were found to be from 588

to1327mg/L and Total Hardness varied from 135 – 570 mg/L. Total alkalinity also varies

from 125 to 410 mg/L. The concentration of sodium in the studied samples varied from

97 to 265 mg/L. The potassium content ranged from 1 to 4.6 mg/L. The chloride content

in the studied area ranged from 139 - 478 mg/L. The sulphate, nitrate and fluoride content

in the ground water are found to be within the IS in all the samples.

SOIL ENVIRONMENT

Seven locations within the study area were selected for soil sampling. It has been

observed that the pH of the soil was ranging from 1.62 to 7.78, Conductivity of the soil

ranges from 0.096 to 0.411 mS/cm. Since the EC value is less than 2mS/cm, the soil is

said to be non-saline in nature. Soil organic content varied from 0.56 to 1.02% which

indicates the low level of organic matter.

ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

There are no endemic and endangered species of flora within the study region. There is no

wild life sanctuary, national park or bird sanctuary with in the 15 km radius of the project

site.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

As per 2011 census the study area consists of 71,148 persons inhabited in the study area

of 10km radial distance from the periphery of the proposed plant. The males and females

constitute 35,476 and 35,672 of the study area population respectively. The average

household size of the study area is 3.72 persons. In the study area, 25.29% of the

population belongs to Scheduled Castes (SC) and 0.15% the population belongs to

Scheduled Tribes (ST). The study area experiences total literacy rate of 73.10%. As per

2011 census records, altogether the main workers works out to be 43.86% of the total

population. The non-workers constitute to 56.13of the total population respectively.

III. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES

IMPACT ON AMBIENT AIR ENVIRONMENT

The only point sources of emissions are D.G sets & Fire Engines. They have been fitted with

stacks of adequate height to disperse the pollutants. Fugitive VOC emissions from cylinder

filling & storage area will be drawn through Vapour Extraction Unit & diverted to Cold Flare

stack to disperse VOCs. No emissions are generated during the bottling operations as the

entire bottling process is carried out through pipelines from Storage Area to Filling

Shed.

IMPACT ON WATER ENVIRONMENT

Total water requirement for the plant is 4KLD which is sourced through SIPCOT Industrial

Growth Centre, Gangaikondan village. There is no requirement for drawal of surface /

groundwater or diversion from other sources.

Domestic sewage generated will be disposed to septic tank & soak pits (3 nos.) of 2m x 1.5m

x 1.5m each.

Washing water generated from cylinder washing will be diverted to sedimentation traps fitted

with separator & purified water will be reused for cylinder washing. There will be no

process / trade effluent generated during operations.

IMPACT ON AMBIENT NOISE ENVIRONMENT

The only source of noise within the Bottling Plant during D.G set operation. DG sets are

placed within acoustic enclosures. 33% of the plot area has been earmarked for greenbelt to

contain the spread of noise emissions.

IMPACT ON LAND ENVIRONMENT

The Bottling Plant is located in the SIPCOT Industrial Growth Centre and the proposed

activities (LPG bottling) will be consistent with the landuse classification of the site

(industrial land).

IMPACT ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

Tirunelveli LPG BP shall be feeding domestic LPG not only to Tirunelveli District, but also

other neighboring Districts of Tuticorin, Nagercoil, Kanniyakumari, Virudunagar in Tamil

Nadu and Trivandrum, Kerala State.

IV. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME

S. No Potential Impact

Action to be Followed Parameters for Monitoring

Frequency of Monitoring

1. Air Emissions Emissions from D.G sets & Fire Engines.

Gaseous emissions (SPM, SO2, NOX,CO)

As per CPCB/SPCB requirement

AAQ within the project premises and nearby habitations to be monitored. All vehicles to be PUC certified.

PM10&PM2.5, SO2& NOX Vehicle logs to be maintained

As per CPCB/SPCB requirement

Meteorological data Wind speed, direction, temperature, relative humidity and rainfall.

Continuous monitoring using automatic weather station

2. Noise Noise generated from operation of Compressor, DG sets to be monitored.

Spot Noise Level recording;

Periodic during operation phase

3. Wastewater Discharge

No industrial or domestic waste water is discharged, hence no monitoring program is envisaged.

-------

--------

4. Solid waste/ Hazardous waste

Check compliance to HWM rules

Quality & quantity monitoring

Periodically

5. Ground Water Quality and Water Levels

Monitoring ground water quality, around plant site and levels

Comprehensive monitoring as per IS 10500 Groundwater level BGL

Periodically

6. Flora and fauna

Vegetation, greenbelt / green cover development

No. of plants, species Once a year

7. Soil quality Checking & Maintenance of good soil quality around

Physico-chemical parameters and metals.

Once a year

8. Health Employees and migrant labours health check up.

All relevant parameters including HIV

Regular checkups as per Factories Act.

V. BENEFITS OF PROPOSED PROJECT

The proposed project shall yield following benefits:

• Presently, there are no IOCL bottling plants in down south of Madurai, i.e. in the districts of

Tirunelveli, Tuticorin, Kanyakumari and Nagercoil. There is a backlog at times during monsoon

season and festival seasons. In order to overcome this problem, a bottling plant is very much

necessary to be established in Tirunelveli to cater to the customers in the above districts so that

there would not be a shortfall in supplies and customers will not be affected on any account.

• Tirunelveli LPG BP shall be feeding this essential commodity (domestic LPG) not only to

Tirunelveli District, but also other neighboring Districts of Tuticorin, Nagercoil, Kanyakumari,

Virudunagar in Tamil Nadu and Trivandrum, Kerala State.

• Improves the quality of life of by overcoming the health implications arising due to the use

biomass fuel like wood, dung and crop residues.

• The overhead costs incurred during LPG cylinder transport through roads ( trucks) from

Madurai will be eliminated.

• There is an estimated saving of Rs. 14.48 Crores/annum to the nation towards logistic cost.

VI. ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN

AIR ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT

Adequate green belt has been developed to mitigate the pollution arising due to movement of

vehicles. Regular monitoring of DG – Stack and Ambient air quality monitoring will be

carried out.

WATER ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT

Sewage generated will be disposed through septic tanks & soak pits. Washing water

generated from cylinder washing will be diverted to sedimentation traps fitted with oil

separator & clarified water will be reused for cylinder washing.

NOISE ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT

All noise generating equipment’s like LPG compressor, DG-Sets etc., will be provided with

acoustic enclosure to help in attenuating the noise levels thereby the ambient noise levels will

be maintained below the CPCB limits of 75 dB(A) for industrial areas.

SOLID & HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT

Municipal Solid waste generated onsite will be disposed will be disposed through local

village body. Damaged cylinders and scraps will be sold to local scrap dealers.Spent oil

generated will be disposed through TNPCB Authorized recyclers.

RAINWATER & STORM WATER DRAINAGE NETWORK

Sizes of rain water harvesting tanks are 2.5 mtr in diameter with depth of 5 mtrs and have

been filled with brick bats to collect the water in case of heavy rain. Size of rain water

harvesting tanks: - 2.5 mtr in diameter with depth of 5 mtrs.

GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT

Green belt is being developed at 33% of total plot area. List of plants and the number of

samplings planted are given in the below table.

Details of greenbelt plantation

S. No. List of tree saplings Nos. 1 Neem Tree 230 2 Flame of the forest 210 3 Cassia Fistula 535 4 Samaneasaman 100 5 Teak 105 6 Indian Almond 150 7 Pongamiapinnata 340

Total 1670

SAFETY, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY OF IOCL

Health, Safety & Environmental Policy of IOCL

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT COSTS

EMP Budget

S. No. Description (Cost in lakhs rupee) Capital cost Recurring cost per annum

1. Gardening / Horticulture 15 3.6 2. Rain water Harvesting 25 0.5 3. Septic tank / soak pits 5.5 0.6 4. Gas monitoring system 46 2.0 5. Vapour extraction unit 11.5 0.5 6. Monitoring of air and noise

pollution (acoustic enclosure) 25 0.5

7. Water management–cylinder washing unit and In line bath

14 0.5

Total 142 Lakhs 8.2 Lakhs

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1.PURPOSE OF THE REPORT

M/s. Indian Oil Corporation Ltd is an Indian state-owned oil and gas corporation with its

headquarters in New Delhi, India. M/s. Indian Oil Corporation Ltd has set up a LPG cylinder

bottling plant i.e. Tirunelveli Bottling Plant with a LPG bottling capacity of 1,20,000 MTPA

at SIPCOT Industrial Growth Centre, Gangaikondan village, Tirunelveli Taluk & District,

Tamil Nadu.

The present proposal has been submitted to MoEF-CC for obtaining EC for the existing bulk

LPG storage capacity of 1800MT to achieve the consented LPG bottling throughput of

1,20,000MTPA. The throughput will be achieved by installing two LPG Cylinder Filling

Carousels each having 24 Filling Machines within the existing plant. The EIA Report has

been preapared as per the TOR given vide Final minutes of meeting for 44th EAC

(Industry-2) Meeting held during 20-21st July,2015.

1.2. IDENTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT

Blended LPG dosed with mercaptan will be transported through bullet trucks from M/s

Indian Oil Petronas Pvt Ltd to the Tirunelveli Bottling Plant. The Bottling Plant has a storage

capacity of 1800 MT (3 x 600MT) installed as mounded bullets. The Bottling Plant will

operate strictly as a storage & packing facility for LPG into 5kg, 14.2kg, 19kg & 47.5kg

cylinders. No by-products / additional products are generated / manufactured during the

operations. The bottling capacity of Tirunelveli IBP will be 1,20,000 MTPA.

1.3 IDENTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT PROPONENT

Indian Oil Corporation Limited is an Indian state-owned oil and gas corporation with its

headquarters in New Delhi, India. It is the world's 88th largest corporation, according to the

Fortune Global 500 list, and the largest public corporation in India when ranked by revenue.

Indian Oil is the highest ranked Indian company in the latest Fortune ‘Global 500’ listings,

ranked at the 96P

thP position.

The company is mainly controlled by Government of India which owns approximately 79%

shares in the company. It is one of the seven Maharatna status companies of India, apart from

Coal India Limited, NTPC Limited, Oil and Natural Gas Corporation, Steel Authority of

India Limited, Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited and Gas Authority of India Limited.

Indian Oil and its subsidiaries account for a 49% share in the petroleum products market,

31% share in refining capacity and 67% downstream sector pipelines capacity in India. The

1

Indian Oil Group of companies owns and operates 10 of India's 22 refineries with a combined

refining capacity of 65.7 million metric tonnes per year. In FY 2012 IOCL sold 75.66 million

tonnes of petroleum products and reported a PBT of Rs.37.54 billion, and the Government of

India earned an excise duty of Rs.232.53 billion and tax of INR10.68 billion.

1.4. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

1.4.1. NATURE, LOCATION & SIZE OF THE PROJECT

M/s. Indian Oil Corporation Ltd has set up the Indane Bottling Plant located at S.F nos.

B37/pt to B43/pt, B50/pt, B51/pt, C30 to C41, C24/pt to C27/pt at SIPCOT Industrial Growth

Centre, Gangaikondan village, Tirunelveli Taluk & District, Tamil Nadu. LPG will be stored

in above ground mounded bullets of 3 x 600MT storage capacity and the final bottling

capacity of plant will be 1,20,000 MTPA.

1.4.2. NEED FOR THE PROJECT AND ITS IMPORTANCE

There is an urgent requirement of setting up a new LPG Bottling Plant in the state of Tamil

Nadu to meet the increasing LPG demand. Presently, there are no IOCL bottling plants in

down south of Madurai, i.e. in the districts of Tirunelveli, Tuticorin, Kanyakumari and

Nagercoil. In order to overcome this problem, a bottling plant is very much necessary to be

established in Tirunelveli to cater to the customers in the above districts so that there would

not be a shortfall in supplies and customers will not suffer for LPG refills on any account.

Tirunelveli LPG BP shall be feeding this essential commodity (domestic LPG) not only

to Tirunelveli District, but also other neighboring Districts of Tuticorin, Nagercoil,

Kanniyakumari, Virudunagar in Tamil Nadu and Trivandrum, Kerala State.

1.5. APPROACH METHODOLOGY

The primary objective of the EIA studies is to internalize and integrate the environmental

concerns / aspects and mitigation measures due to the expansion of the production capacity in

the existing plant.

EIA study has been carried out with the following objectives:

Collection of baseline attributes in study area. The EIA will cover one season baseline

environmental data, as per the guidelines of MoEF, New Delhi. The scope includes

collection of baseline data identify the various environmental parameters such as Air,

Water, Soil, Noise levels, Socio - economic factors, land use factors, the status of the

Flora- Fauna and wildlife in the adjoining areas of the proposed project site.

2

Identification, prediction, evaluation & mitigation of biophysical, social & other relevant

effects of development on the environment during the operational phase of the proposed

project using mathematical / simulation models as per applicable Indian law.

Preparation of Risk Assessment & Emergency Preparedness / Disaster Management Plan

for the project.

Preparation of Environmental Management Plan (EMP) to be adopted for mitigation of

the anticipated adverse impacts of the project during operational phase.

Delineation of the post project environmental quality monitoring program as per the

requirements of the regulatory authorities.

1.5.1 STUDY PERIOD

For preparation of EIA report for the proposed project, the data was collected during the

season (February 2015 to April 2015) of the study area. The micro climatic parameters were

recorded using Automatic Weather Station for the study period. Wind speed, wind direction

and relative humidity were recorded on hourly basis. Minimum & Maximum temperatures

were also recorded during the study period.

1.6. NEED FOR EIA

As per EIA Notification S.O. No 1533 issued on 14th September, 2006 and its subsequent

amendments the proposed project is falling under Schedule 6(b) – Isolated storage &

handling of hazardous chemicals and Category B. Hence this project requires Environmental

Clearance from MoEF. Accordingly the EIA Report has been prepared based on the Standard

Terms of Reference issued by MoEFCC for “Isolated Storage & Handling of Hazardous

Chemicals (as per threshold planning quantity indicated in Column 3 of Schedule 2 & 3 of

MSIHC Rules 1989 amended 2000.

1.7. STRUCTURE OF EIA REPORT

The generic structure of the Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment (REIA) study is as

follows,

Introduction

Project description

Description of the environment – Present scenario of the land, air, water, biology and

socio - economic environment

Anticipated environmental impacts and its mitigation measures

Environmental Monitoring Plan

3

Additional Studies –Risk Assessment and Disaster Management Plan

Project Benefits

Environmental Management Plan

Summary & Conclusion

Disclosure of Consultants

1.8. REGULARY FRAMEWORK AND ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATIONS

1.8.1. LEGISLATIVE BACKGROUND

The 1972 UN Conference on Human Development at Stockholm influenced the need for a

well-developed legal mechanism to conserve resources, protect the environment and ensure

health and well being of the people. Over the years, the Government of India has framed

several policies and promulgated number of Acts, Rules and Notifications aimed at

management and protection of the environment. As a result, India has incorporated a complex

body of environmental legislation aimed at ensuring that development processes meet the

overall objective of promoting sustainability in the long run.

Moreover, at a higher level, the Indian Constitution has also incorporated specific articles to

address environmental concerns through the 42P

ndP Constitutional Amendment of 1976. As

stated in the Constitution of India, it is the duty of the state (Article 48 A) to ‘protect and

improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country’. It imposes

a duty on every citizen (Article 51 A) ‘to protect and improve the natural environment

including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife’. Reference to the environment has also been

made in the Directive Principles of State Policy as well as the Fundamental Rights.

It is important to mention over here that the Central Government framed an ‘umbrella law’,

called the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 to broadly encompass and regulate an array

of environmental issues. The overall purpose of EPA is to establish an overall coherent policy

and provide a basis for coordinated work of various government agencies with operational

responsibility for the protection of environment and natural resources. The legislation also

invests authorities with regulatory powers to address specific issues affecting the

environment. The Act also does not allow any person to carry on an industry, operation or

process that discharge or emit any environmental pollutants in excess of standards prescribed

under specific Rules and Notifications.

1.8.2. REGULATORY FRAMEWORK

The Indian Constitution provides necessary directives and powers for framing and enforcing

environmental legislation. The Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), the Central

4

Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) form the

regulatory and administrative core.

Table1.1 - Key Organizations and their functions

Organizations Main functions

Ministry of Environment & Forest

(MoEF)

Environment Policy Planning

Ensure effective implementation of legislation

Promotion of the Environmental Education, Training

and Awareness

Coordination with concerned agencies at the

national and International levels

Monitoring and Control of Pollution

Environmental Clearances for Industrial and

Developmental project (Category A as per EIA

Notification, 2006). SEIAA (constituted by the

Central Government/MoEF under sub-section (3) of

section 3 of the EPA, 1986) give Environmental

Clearance in case of Category B projects.

Central Pollution Control Board

(CPCB)

Technical guidance for the Central Government on

the matters concerning prevention, control and

abatement of Water and Air pollution

Planning and execution of nationwide programmes

for the prevention, control or abatement of Water

and Air Pollution

Ensure compliance with the provisions of the

Environment (Protection) Act, 1986

Co-ordinate and provide technical and research

assistance to State Boards

Lay down, modify or annul the standards for

environmental attributes

State Pollution Control Board

(SPCB)/ Pollution Control

Committee (PCC) for Union

Territories

Planning and execution of state wide programmes

for the prevention, control or abatement of Water

and Air Pollution

Technical Guidance for State Government on

5

prevention, control and abatement of Water and Air

Pollution and sitting of industries

Ensure compliance with the provisions of the

relevant Acts

Lay down, modify or annul the standards for various

Environmental Attributes

Ensure legal action against defaulters

1.8.3. ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATIONS

The proposed project shall abide the provisions of various environmental legislations. An

outline of important environmental legislations is given below.

1. Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 amended in 1993 and 2002

The act was enacted with the objective of effectively protecting the wild life of this

country and to control poaching, smuggling and illegal trade in wildlife and its

derivatives. The Act was amended in January 2003 and punishment and penalty for

offences under the Act have been made more stringent. The Ministry has proposed

further amendments in the law by introducing more rigid measures to strengthen the

Act. The objective is to provide protection to the listed endangered flora and fauna

and ecologically important protected areas.

In exercise of the powers of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 (53 of 1972), the

following rules have been laid down,

The Wildlife (Transactions and Taxidermy) Rules, 1973.

The Wildlife (Stock Declaration) Central Rules, 1973

The Wildlife (Protection) Licensing (Additional Matters for Consideration) Rules,

1983

The Wildlife (Protection) Rules, 1995.

The Wildlife (Specified Plants - Conditions for possession by licensee) Rules, 1995.

The Wildlife (Specified Plant Stock Declaration) Central Rules, 1995.

The National Board for Wild Life Rules, 2003

The Recognition of Zoo Rules, 2009

2. The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 amended in 1988

Its objective was to ensure that the domestic and industrial pollutants are not

discharged into rivers, and lakes without adequate treatment. The reason is that such a

discharge renders the water unsuitable as a source of drinking water, for the purposes

6

of irrigation and to support marine life. In order to achieve its objective Pollution

Control Boards at Central and State levels were created to establish and enforce

standards for factories discharging pollutants into bodies of water. The State Boards

are empowered to issue Consent for Establishment (CFE) whenever a firm wanted to

establish a new factory and also issue Consent for Operation (CFO) for existing

factories. They were also given the authority to close factories or, in the case of

disconnecting power and water supply, issue directions to the concerned Departments

for enforcement of Boards standards

In exercise of the powers of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,

1974 following rule has been laid down,

The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Rules, 1975 amended in 2011.

3. The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act, 1977 amended in

2003

It was enacted to provide for the levy and collection of a cess on water consumed by

persons operating and carrying on certain types of industrial activities. This cess is

collected with a view to augment the resources of the Central Board and the State

Boards for the prevention and control of water pollution constituted under the Water

(Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974.

4. The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 amended in 1988

This Act provides for the conservation of forests and regulating diversion of

forestlands for non-forestry purposes. When projects fall within forestlands, prior

clearance is required from relevant authorities under the Forest (Conservation) Act,

1980. State governments cannot de-reserve any forestland or authorize its use for any

non-forest purposes without approval from the Central government.

In exercise of the powers of the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980,

The Forest (Conservation) Rules, 2003 has been laid down.

5. The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act , 1981 amended in 1987

The objective of the Air Act of 1981 was to control and reduce air pollution. The

working of this Act and the enforcement mechanisms are similar to that of Water Act.

What was novel is that the Act also called for the abatement of noise pollution.

In exercise of the powers of the Air Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981,

the following rules have been laid down,

The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Rules, 1982.

7

The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) (Union Territories) Rules, 1983.

6. The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 amended in 1991

It was enacted with the objective of providing for the protection and improvement of

the environment. It empowers the Central Government to establish authorities [under

section 3(3)] charged with the mandate of preventing environmental pollution in all its

forms and to tackle specific environmental problems that are peculiar to different

parts of the country.

In exercise of the powers conferred by sections 6 and 25 of the Environment

(Protection) Act, 1906 (29 of 1986), the Central Government makes the Environment

(Protection) Rules, 1986 amended in 1987, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993 and 1998.

The power conferred by the Environment Protection Act are followed under the

following heads of Coastal Regulation Zone, Delegation of Powers, Eco-marks

Scheme, Eco-sensitive Zone, Environmental Clearance, Environmental Labs,

Environmental Standards, Hazardous Substances Management, Loss of Ecology,

Noise Pollution, Ozone Layer Depletion, Water Pollution

Under provisions of EPA, 1986 amended in 1991 – the following rules have been laid

down

6.1. The Manufacture, Storage and import of Hazardous Chemical Rules, 1989

amended in 2000

It defines the terms used in this context, and sets up an authority to inspect, once a

year, the industrial activity connected with hazardous chemicals and isolated storage

facilities.

6.2. The Chemical Accidents (Emergency Planning, Preparedness, and Response)

Rules, 1996

The rules enacted for preparedness and response, during operation of on-site and Off-

site Emergency Plans during chemical disaster. Under these Rules "State Crisis

Group", "District Crisis Groups" and the "Local Crisis groups" should be

constituted. The major functions of the State Crisis Group is to review all District Off-

site Emergency Plans in the State, with a view to examine its adequacy and to assist

the State Government in the planning, preparedness and mitigation during a major

chemical accident, and to continuously monitor the post-accident situation arising out

of major chemical accident in the State and to forward a report to the Central Crisis

Group. The functions of the District Crisis Group are to assist in the preparation of the

8

district Off-Site Emergency Plan, review all the On-Site Emergency Plans and to

assist the district administration in the management of chemical accident at a site and

to continuously monitor chemical accidents. The District Crisis group is also required

to conduct periodically mock-drill of a chemical accident at a site every year and to

forward a report on the strength and the weakness of the Plan to the State Crisis

Group. The "Local Crisis Group" is a body in the industrial pocket, to deal with

chemical accident and to coordinate efforts in planning, preparedness and mitigation

efforts during such an accident. Its duties require preparation of Local Emergency

Plan for industrial pocket, dovetailing of Local Emergency Plan, with the district Off-

site Emergency Plan and to train personnel in management of a chemical disaster and

to educate the people (population) likely to be affected during a chemical accident

about the remedies and existing preparedness and to periodcally conduct mock-drill of

a chemical accident and to forward a report to the District Crisis Group.

6.3. The Environment (Sitting for Industrial Projects) Rules, 1999

It lays down detailed provisions relating to areas to be avoided for siting of industries,

precautionary measures to be taken for site selecting as also the aspects of

environmental protection which should have been incorporated during the

implementation of the industrial development projects.

6.4. The Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000

The MSW Rules provide a framework encompassing collection, transportation,

treatment and disposal of municipal solid waste. These Rules are complemented by

the existing Biomedical Waste Rules of 1998 and Hazardous Waste Rules of 1989

respectively, whereby disposal of these wastes along with usual urban municipal

waste is prohibited. As per these Rules, every municipality is responsible for

providing integrated services and infrastructure facilities for solid waste management

within its jurisdiction. Its responsibilities are defined all the way from preparing the

community for segregated collection to inoffensive storage, transportation,

appropriate processing and safe disposal from environmental and health point of

views.

6.5. The Ozone Depleting Substances (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000

It have been laid down for the regulation of production and consumption of ozone

depleting substances.

6.6. The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) (Amendment) Rules, 2002

9

It lays down such terms and conditions as are necessary to reduce noise pollution,

permit use of loud speakers or public address systems during night hours (between

10:00 p.m. to 12:00 midnight) on or during any cultural or religious festive occasion.

6.7. The Hazardous Wastes (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement)

Rules, 2008 amended in 2009

It is to control the generation, collection, treatment, import, storage, and handling of

hazardous waste.

7. The Biological Diversity Act, 2002

It was born out of India's attempt to realise the objectives enshrined in the United

Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) 1992 which recognizes the

sovereign rights of states to use their own Biological Resources. The Act aims at the

conservation of biological resources and associated knowledge as well as facilitating

access to them in a sustainable manner and through a just process For purposes of

implementing the objects of the Act it establishes the National Biodiversity Authority

in Chennai.

In exercise of the powers conferred by section 62 of the Biological Diversity Act ,

2002, and in supersession of the National Biodiversity Authority (salary, Allowances

and conditions of service of Chairperson and other Members ) Rules, 2003 except as

respect to things done or omitted to be done before such supersession, the Central

Government makes the Biological Diversity Rules, 2004.

8. Charter on Corporate Responsibility for Environmental Protection (CREP)

The Charter on CREP, which was launched in 2002, in a National Seminar at New Delhi,

enlists time-bound action plans in respect of highly polluting categories of various

industries, including dyes and dye intermediates, for progressive upgradation of

technologies and in-plant practices for reduction of pollutants as well as improvement in

waste management systems. An industry specific interaction meet with respect to pulp and

paper industry was organized in December 2002 and the CREP norms came into force in

2003. The charter on CREP requires the following norms for the pharmaceutical industry to

be implemented within the schedule specified.

Wastewater Management

1. Industry Associations will conduct feasibility study for adoptions of cleaner

technologies for H- Acid manufacture (Catalytic hydrogenation and others) within

one year.

10

2. Industries will submit a proposal for recovery and purification by June 2003.

3. Dye intermediate industries will install salt recovery systems in case of sodium

sulphate from dyestuff and reuse recovered salt in the process by December 2003.

4. An action plan for installation /up gradation of incineration systems as per CPCB

guidelines to handle concentrated wastewater and reuse of treated weak wastewater

will be submitted within six months.

5. Industry Associations will encourage waste exchange for proper use of weak acids.

(Action within one year)

6. Wherever possible waste generated from one industry will be utilized by others (e.g

use of effluent generated from Vinly Sulphone plant in H- Acid plant). Action plan

in this regard will be submitted by April 2004.

7. Industries will regularly monitor ground water quality. This will be initiated

immediately.

8. H- Acid industries will examine the feasibility to increases product yield from 1.09

to 1.86 for reducing iron sludge, within six months.

9. In case of dyestuff, wherever possible ( to be decided by the task Force within six

months), industries will use spray drying instead of salting to minimize load on

Effluent Treatment Plants.

10. Industries will submit proposal on adoption of waste minimization practices by June

2003.

11. Existing standards will be reviewed in consultation with industries. Action in this

regard will be taken within six months.

Air Pollution Management

1. Industries will minimize loss of volatile organics (solvent recovery of at lead either

individually or collectively. An action plan will be submitted by June 2003.

2. Scrubbing systems for SOx and NOx emission will be upgraded by July 2003.

Solid Management

Proper on site storage facilities and final disposal of solid waste on secured landfill

will be ensured immediately.

Better Management Practices

Improvement of housekeeping such as concreting of floors, sealing of

breaches/leakages in the system, replacement of corrosive pipe lines, etc to prevent

spillages, leakages, fugitive emissions will be done three months.

11

1.8.4. APPLICABLE ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

The MoEF has the overall responsibility to set policy and standards for the protection of

environment along with Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB).

A) National Ambient Air Quality Standards

In the exercise of powers conferred by Sub-section (2) (h) of section 16 of the Air

(Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 (Act No. 14 of 1981), and in supersession of

the notification No(s). S.O. 384(E) dated 11P

thP April 1994 and S.O. 935 (E) dated 14 P

thP

October, 1998, CPCB notified the following National Ambient Air Quality Standards.

Table1.2 - National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), 2009

S. No Parameters

Concentration in Ambient Air –

Industrial, Residential, Rural and other

area

1 Sulphur Dioxide ( SOR2R) 80 µg/m P

3P (24 hours*)

2 Nitrogen Dioxide (NOR2R) 80 µg/m P

3P (24 hours*)

3 Particular Matter size less than

10µm (PMR10R)

100 µg/m P

3P (24 hours*)

4 Particular Matter size less than 2.5

µm (PMR2.5R)

60 µg/m P

3P (24 hours*)

5 Lead (Pb) 1.0 µg/m P

3P (24 hours*)

6 Carbon Monoxide (CO) 4.0 µg/m P

3P (01 hour*)

7 Ozone (OR3R) 180 µg/m P

3P (1 hour*)

8 Ammonia (NHR3R) 400 µg/m P

3P (24 hours*)

9 Benzene (CR6RHR6R) 5 µg/m P

3P (Annual**)

10 Benzo (α) pyrene (particulate phase

only) – (BaP)

1 ng/m P

3P (Annual**)

11 Arsenic (As) 6 ng/m P

3P (Annual**)

12 Nickel (Ni) 20 ng/m P

3P (Annual**)

** Annual arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year at a particular site taken

twice a week 24 hourly at uniform intervals.

* 24 hourly or 08 hourly or 01 hourly monitored values as applicable shall be compiled with

98% of the time in a year. 2% of the time they may exceed the limits but not on two

12

consecutive days of monitoring.

B) UMaximum Permissible Emission Concentrations

The maximum permissible limits for source emission, as per ‘EPA Notification’ are

presented hereunder.

Table1.3 - USource Emission Discharge Standards

S. No. Parameter Standard (Concentration

not to exceed in mg/NmP

3P)

1. Particulate matter

(PM)

150

2. Total Fluoride 25

3. Asbestos 4 Fibres/cc and dust should

not be more than 2 mg/Nm P

3P

4. Mercury 0.2

5. Chlorine 15

6. Hydrochloric acid

vapour and mist

35

7. Sulphuric acid mist 50

8. Carbon monoxide 1% max. (v/v)

9 Lead 10 mg/Nm P

3

C) USpecification of Diesel fuel for emission related parameters as per EPA rules,

1986

S. No. Characteristics Requirement Method of

Test (Ref: IS-1448)

1 Density at 15 P

oP C, Kg/m P

3 820 to 880

2 Cetane Number, Min 45

3 Distillation 85 percent by volume

recovery at P

oPC Max 95 percent

350

by volume recovery at P

oPC, Max 370

4 Sulphur, percent by mass* 0.50

* (i) 0.50 percent by mass by 1st April 1996 in four metros and Taj Trapezium;

(ii) 0.25 percent by mass by 1st October,1996 in Taj Trapezium;

13

(iii) 0.25 percent by mass by 1st April,1996 throughout the country.

Note :

(a) Above specifications apply to HSD only.

(b) For new refineries coming during or after 1997 specification applicable by

2000 for existing refineries shall be applicable by 1997.

D) UAmbient Noise Standards, 2000

Table Error! No text of specified style in document..4 - Ambient Air Quality Standards in

respect of Noise

Category of Zones Leq in dB(A)

Day * Night P

+

Industrial 75 70

Commercial 65 55

Residential 55 45

Silence Zone ** 50 40

* Day Time is from 6.00 AM and 10.00 PM.

P

+P Note –2 :Night Time is reckoned between 10.00 PM and 6.00 AM

** Silence Zone is defined as an area up to 100 m around premises of Hospitals,

Educational Institutions and Courts. Use of vehicle horn, loudspeaker and bursting of

crackers is banned in these zones.

Note: Mixed categories of areas be declared as one of the four above mentioned

categories by the competent Authority and the corresponding standards shall apply

Source: Central Pollution Control Board

E) UEnvironmental Standards For Boilers as per EPA rules, 2006

Boiler (Small)

9TSteam generation

capacity (tph) 9TPollutant 9TEmission limit(mg/NmP

3P)

9TLess than 2 9TParticulate Matter 9T1200*

9T2 to less than 10 9T-do- 9T800*

9T10 to less than 15 9T-do- 9T600*

9T15 and above 9T-do- 9T150**

14

9T* To meet the respective standards, cyclone/multicyclone is recommended as

control equipment with the boiler

** To meet the standards, bag filter/ESP is recommended as control equipment

with the boiler

9TNote:

• 9T12% of COR2R correction shall be the reference value for particulate matter emission

standards for all categories of boilers

• 9TThese limits shall supersede the earlier limits notified under Schedule I at Sr.

No. (34) of EPA. 1986 ' (GSR 742E dated 30 August. 1990)

9TUStack Height for Small Boilers

9TFor the small boilers using coal or liquid fuels, the required stack height with the boiler shall

be calculated by using the formula

H = 14 Q P

0.3

Where, H -Total Stack Height in metres from ground level

Q- Sulphur dioxide (SOR2R) emission rate in kg/hr

9TIn no case, the stack height shall be less than 11 m, 9Twhere providing tall stacks are not

feasible using above formula. The limit of 400 mg/Nm P

3P for SO R2 R emission shall be met

by providing necessary control equipment with a minimum stack height of 11 m.

F) UEmission Limits for New Diesel Engines (Upto 800 KW) for Generator Sets (DG)

The emission limits for new diesel engines up to 800 KW, for gensets applications as

per EPA rules 1986 shall be as given in the Table below:

Capacity

of Diesel

Engines

Date of

Implementation

Emission Limits

(g/KW-hr) for

Smoke Limit

(Light

Absorption m P

-1P)

at full load

Test Cycle

NOx HC CO PM Torque

(%)

Weighting

factors

Upto 19

KW

1.7.2005 9.2 1.3 3.5 0.3 0.7 100 0.05

75 0.25

>19 kW

up to 176

kW

1.1.2004 9.2 1.3 5.0 0.5 0.7 50 0.30

1.7.2004 9.2 1.3 3.5 0.3 0.7 25 0.30

15

>176 kW

up to 800

kW

1.11.2004 9.2 1.3 3.5 0.3 0.7 10 0.10

G) U Noise Limits For Generator Sets run with Diesel as per EPA rules, 1986

Standard Guidelines for control of Noise Pollution from Stationary Diesel Generator

(DG) Sets

UNoise limit for diesel generator sets (up to 1000 KVA) manufactured on or after the

1 UPU

stUPU January, 2005

The maximum permissible sound pressure level for new diesel generator (DG) sets with

rated capacity upto 1000 KVA, manufactured on or after the 1st January, 2005 shall be

75 dB(A) at 1 metre from the enclosure surface.

The diesel generator sets should be provided with integral acoustic enclosure at the

manufacturing stage itself.

H) UEffluent Standards for Dyes and Dye Intermediates Industry as EPA rules, 1986

S. No. Parameters Standards*

i. Compulsory Parameters

1 pH 6.0 – 8.5

2 Oil & Grease 10

3 BOD (3 days at 27°C)** 100

4 Total Suspended Solids 100

5 Bio-Assay Test 90% survival of fish after

first 96 hours in 100 %

effluent***

ii. Additional Parameters

6 Mercury 0.01

7 Arsenic 0.20

8 Chromium (CrP

6+P) 0.10

9 Lead 0.10

10 Cyanide 0.10

11 Phenolics (CR6RHR5ROH) 1.0

12 Sulphides (as S) 2.0

13 Phosphate (as P) 5.0

16

* All values are given in mg/l except pH

** The BOD and COD limits shall be 30 mg/l and 250 mg/l respectively if treated

effluent is directly discharged in to a fresh water body (i.e) stream, canal, river or

canal

*** The Bioassay Test shall be conducted as per IS:6582-1971.

(i) Parameters listed as “Additional Parameters” shall be prescribed depending upon

the process and product.

(ii) Limits for total dissolved solids in effluent shall be prescribed by the concerned

pollution control board/pollution control committee depending upon the recipient

water body].

I) UIndian Standards For Industrial & Sewage Effluents (IS 2490:1982)

Table 1.5 - Standards for Industrial & Sewage Effluents

S.

No. Characteristics

Tolerance Limits for Discharge of Trade Effluents into

Inland surface

Waters (a)

Public

Sewers (b)

On Land for

Irrigation (c)

Marine Coastal Areas

(d)

1 Colour & Odour - - - -

2 Suspended Solids

mg/l

100 600 200 a) For process waste

water-100

b) For cooling water

effluent 10 percent

above total

suspended matter

of influent cooling

water

3 Particle Size of

Suspended Solids

Shall pass 850

micron I.S.Sieve

- - a) Floatable solids

maximum 3mm.

b) Settlable solids

maximum 850

microns

4 Dissolved Solids

(inorganic) mg/l

2100 2100 2100 -

5 pH Value 5.5 to 9 5.5 to 9 5.5 to 9 5.5 to 9

17

S.

No. Characteristics

Tolerance Limits for Discharge of Trade Effluents into

Inland surface

Waters (a)

Public

Sewers (b)

On Land for

Irrigation (c)

Marine Coastal Areas

(d)

6 Temperature 45°C at the

point of

discharge

45°C at the

point of

discharge

45°C at the point of

discharge

7 Oil & Grease mg/l 10 20 10 20

8 Total Residual

Chlorine mg/l

1.0 - - 1.0

9 Ammonical

Nitrogen (as N)

mg/l

50 50 - 50

10 Total Kjeldahl

Nitrogen (as N)

mg/l

100 - - 100

11 Free Ammonia (as

NH3) mg/l

5.0 - - 5.0

12 Bio Chemical

Oxygen Demand

(3 days at 27°C)

mg/l

30 350 100 100

13 Chemical Oxygen

Demand mg/l

250 - - 250

14 Arsenic (as As)

mg/l

0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

15 Mercury (as Hg)

mg/l

0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01

16 Lead (as Pb ) mg/l 0.1 1.0 1.0 1.0

17 Cadmium (as Cd )

mg/l

2.0 1.0 1.0 2.0

18 Hexavalent

Chromium

(as Cr +6 ) mg/l

0.1 2.0 1.0 1.0

18

S.

No. Characteristics

Tolerance Limits for Discharge of Trade Effluents into

Inland surface

Waters (a)

Public

Sewers (b)

On Land for

Irrigation (c)

Marine Coastal Areas

(d)

19 Total Chromium

(as Cr) mg/l

2.0 2.0 2.0 1.0

20 Copper (as Cu)

mg/l

3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0

21 Zinc (as Zn) mg/l 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.5

22 Selenium (as Se)

mg/l

0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05

23 Nickel (as Ni)

mg/l

3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0

24 Boron (as B) mg/l 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0

25 Percent Sodium % - 60 60 -

26 Residual Sodium

Carbonate mg/l

- - 5.0 -

27 Cyanide (as CN)

mg/l

0.2 2.0 0.2 0.2

28 Chloride (as Cl )

mg/l

1000 1000 600 -

29 Fluoride (as F)

mg/l

2.0 1.5 2.0 1.5

30 Dissolved

Phosphates (as P)

mg/l

5.0 - - -

31 Sulphates (as

SO4) mg/l

1000 1000 1000 1000

32 Sulphides (as S)

mg/l

2.0 - 2.0 5.0

33 Pesticides Absent Absent Absent Absent

34 Phenolic

Compounds (as

CR6RHR5ROH) mg/l

1.0 5.0 5.0 5.0

19

S.

No. Characteristics

Tolerance Limits for Discharge of Trade Effluents into

Inland surface

Waters (a)

Public

Sewers (b)

On Land for

Irrigation (c)

Marine Coastal Areas

(d)

35 Radio Active

Materials

a. Alpha emitters

micro curie/ml

10P

-7 10P

-7 10P

-8 10P

-7

b. Beta emitters

micro curie/ml

10P

-6 10P

-6 10P

-6 10P

-7

20

CHAPTER 2

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 TYPE OF PROJECT

M/s Indian Oil Corporation Ltd has set up the Tirunelveli Bottling Plant at SIPCOT

Gangaikondan village. The plant will function primarily as LPG receipt, storage & bottling

unit for filling into cylinders. The present proposal has been submitted to MoEF-CC for

obtaining EC for the existing bulk LPG storage capacity of 1800MT to achieve the consented

LPG bottling throughput of 1,20,000MTPA. The throughput will be achieved by installing

two LPG cylinder Filling Carousels each having 24 Filling Machines within the existing

plant.

2.2 NEED FOR THE PROJECT

The present demand for packed LPG of IOC in Tamil Nadu is 1065 TMTPA as against the

available bottling capacity of 909 TMTPA as on 1st April 2015 thereby deficit of 156

TMTPA. Demand is growing at 7% per annum. MOP&NG has mandated coverage of 75%

population with LPG connection by the year 2014-15 across the Country including release of

LPG connection in rural markets under RGGLV Scheme. The packed LPG demand

projections in the State of Tamil Nadu for Indian Oil Corporation Ltd are estimated to be

1396 TMTPA by the year 2019-20. Even after exhausting the available possibilities of

additional capacity generation of 60 TMTPA in the existing LPG Bottling Plant in Tamil

Nadu, the available LPG capacity would not be sufficient to meet the increased demand of

1065 TMTPA during the year 2015-16.

Presently, there are no IOCL bottling plants in down south of Madurai, i.e. in the districts of

Tirunelveli, Tuticorin, Kanyakumari and Nagercoil. There is a backlog at times during

monsoon season and festival seasons. In order to overcome this problem, a bottling plant is

very much necessary to be established in Tirunelveli to cater to the customers in the above

districts so that there would not be a shortfall in supplies and customers will not be affected

on any account.

2.3 SITE CHARACTERISTICS

2.3.1 Location

The Google Earth image showing the project site is given in Figure 2.1. The location of

project site is represented in the Figure 2.2.

21

Figure 2.1 Google Image of the Project Site

22

Figure 2.2 Map showing the location of the project site

23

2.3.2 CONNECTIVITY

The project site is well connected by road and rail network. The project site is located

adjacent to NH 7 which connects Varanasi & Kanyakumari. Gangaikondan Railway Station

is located at the distance of 4km (E). Tuticorin Airport is located at the distance of 33.55km

(SW). Map showing the road network around the site is given in Figure 2.3.

24

Figure 2.3 Map showing the connectivity around the project site

25

2.3.3 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTINGS

The existing area of the Bottling Plant is around 42 acres. The topography and land use of the

project site and its surroundings area covering 10 km radius are given in Figures 2.4 & 2.5

respectively. Environmental settings are presented in Table 2.1.

26

Figure 2.4 Topo sheet (5km & 10km surrounding project site)

27

Figure 2.5 Landuse classification map (5km & 10km surrounding project site)

28

Table 2.1 - Environmental Settings of the Project Site

S. No. Particulars Details

1 Latitude 8°49'50.10"N

2 Longitude 77°44'41.27"E

3 Site Elevation above MSL 0 m

4 Topography Plain

5 Present land use at the site Industrial

6 Nearest highway National Highway 7 – 850m (SE)

7 Nearest railway station Gangaikondan Railway Station –

4km (E)

8 Nearest airport Tuticorin Airport – 33.55 km (SW)

9 Nearest town / city Tirunelveli city – 13km (S)

10 Water body Tamirabarani river – 5.9km (SSE)

Gangaikondan kulam – 3.8km (ENE)

Indira kulam – 7km (NE)

Mannur pond – 11.3km (W)

Nainarkulam lake – 11.2km (SSW)

11 Nearest Port Tuticorin Port – 46km (ESE)

12 Hills / valleys Nil in 15km radius

13 Archaeologically important

places

Nil in 15km radius

14 National parks / Wildlife

Sanctuaries/Eco sensitive

zones as per Wild Life

Protection Act, 1972

Nil in 15 Km radius

15 Reserved / Protected Forests Gangaikondan RF – 91m (E)

Talaiyuthu RF – 919m (W)

Melpattam RF – 6.6km (S)

16 Seismicity Zone II according to the Indian

Standard Seismic Zoning Map

17 Defense Installations Nil in 15km radius

29

2.3.4 LAND REQUIREMENT

The total area occupied by Indane Bottling Plant is approximately 42 acres & has been leased

to M/s Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. Land vide documents enclosed as Annexure 1. The

existing infrastructure layout for the project is represented in Figure 2.6. The land use

break-up is given in Table 2.2.

Table 2.2 Land use breakup

S. No. Land use parameter Area

1 Plant building area 1.73 acres

2 Non-plant building area 2.26 acres

3 LPG Storage area 0.8 acres

4 Truck Parking Area 6.7 acres

5 Driveway & pathway area 1.48 acres

6 Future expansion area 8 acres

7 Green belt development area 13.86 acres

8 Open area 7.17 acres

9 Total Area 42 acres

30

Figure 2.6 Site Layout

31

2.4 MAGNITUDE OF OPERATION

The Indane Bottling Plant has a consented LPG bottling throughput of 1,20,000MTPA and

bulk storage capacity is 1800MT (3 mounded bullets x 600MT capacity).

Table 2.2 – Throughput (Before and After expansion)

Bulk LPG storage facility (Existing) LPG bottling throughput (Existing)

3 x 600MT (mounded bullets) 1,20,000MTPA

Prior to commencing construction activities M/s IOCL have obtained Consent to Establish

from Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board (TNPCB) vide Consent Order No. 6045 &

5985 dtd. 18.09.2012 (enclosed as Annexure 2). Subsequently they have obtained

Consent to Operate from TNPCB vide Consent Order No. 23108 & 19145 dtd.

07.04.2015 and valid upto 31.03.2016 (enclosed as Annexure3).

M/s IOCL have obtained Petroleum & Explosives Safety Organization (PESO) License for

the mentioned quantity of LPG storage (enclosed as Annexure 4) and NOC from Tamil

Nadu Fire & Rescue Services, Tirunelveli Circle (enclosed as Annexure 5).

2.5 DESCRIPTION OF PROCESS

Indane Bottling Plant at SIPCOT Gangaikondan village will be operated by M/s Indian Oil

Corporation Ltd. The plant will function primarily as LPG receipt, storage & bottling unit for

filling into cylinders. The plant operations are categorized as,

1. Receipt of product

a. Transfer of LPG from M/s IndianOil Petronas Pvt Ltd (M/s IPPL) through bullet trucks

b. Truck unloading

c. LPG transfer to storage bullets

d. Storage of LPG in bullets

2. Receipt of empty LPG cylinders & segregation

3. a. Bottling

i. Pumping of LPG to filling shed

ii. Bottling of LPG cylinders

iii. Quality check on filled cylinders

b. Loading into Trucks

32

4. Dispatch

a. Loading of packed cylinders in trucks

b. Supply & distribution to markets (through Authorized Vendors)

1. Receipt of Product

LPG dosed with mercaptan will be received from M/s IPPL through bullet trucks. There are 8

nos of Tank Lorry Decantation Bays for the purpose of unloading bullet trucks and the

product will be stored in mounded vessels (3 x 600MT storage capacity).

2. Receipt of Empty LPG Cylinders & Segregation

Empty LPG cylinders are received from vendor trucks & faulty cylinders are segregated at

the point of receipt and diverted towards valve refitting section.

3 a. Bottling

LPG from storage bullets will be pumped to LPG Filling Shed (2 carousels having 24 filling

machines each). Cylinder bottling will be the primary process carried out. After filling, each

cylinder is subjected to quality check i.e. to check for leaks.

4. Dispatch

Filled cylinders are loaded into respective Authorized Vendor trucks and dispatched.

Cylinders that are damaged are stored separately and subsequently sold as scrap metal to

Authorized Dealers.

33

Figure 2.7 Process flow chart

2.6 RAW MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS

LPG is received from M/s IPPL through bullet trucks. The mass balance for the existing

bottling capacity has been detailed below,

Table 2.3 Mass balance for LPG bottling throughput (existing & proposed)

Flowrate

(cum/hr)

Hours of

operation

(day-1)

LPG bottling

(Tons /day)

Number of

days working

(month-1)

Total

throughput

(MTPA)

85 8 374 26 1,20,000

2.7 INFRASTRUCTURE AT THE FACILITY

The list of equipments present at the Indane Bottling Plant are

34

Table 2.4 List of equipments / facilities & number

S.no EQUIPMENT TOTAL NUMBER CAPACITY

1 LPG PUMPS 2 85 CUM/HR 2 LPG COMPRESSORS 2 3.85CUM/MIN

3 SCREW AIR COMPRESSORS 2 500 CUM/HR

4 MOUNDED BULLETS 3x600 MT 1800MT 5 DG SET-1 1 750KVA 6 DG SET-2 1 250KVA

7 AUTOMATIC FILLING TYPE CARAOSAL 2 24 POINT—1600-1800

CYL/HR 8 FIRE ENGINES 3 615CUM/HR 9 JOCKEY PUMPS 2 10CUM/HR 10 LOADING ARMS 8 - 11 AIR DRYER 1 540NM3/HR

12 EVACUATION COMPRESSOR 1 165NM3/HR

13 EVACUATION VESSEL 2 1CUM

14 VALVE CHANGING WITHOUT EVACUATION 2 -

15 AIR RECEIVER-1 1 1.5CUM 16 AIR RECEIVER-2 1 0.5CUM

17 SECURITY AIR COMPRESSOR 2 -

2.7.1 DESCRIPTION OF MOUNDED BULLETS

The mounded storage of LPG has proved to be safer compared to above ground storage

vessels since it provides intrinsically passive and safe environment and eliminates the

possibility of Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion (BLEVE). The cover of the

mound protects the vessel from fire engulfment, radiation from a fire in close proximity and

acts of sabotage or vandalism. The area of land required to locate a mounded system is

minimal compared to conventional storage. Excavation up to a depth of 0.75 M was done for

construction of mounded bullet foundation (Below FGL). Cathodic protection through

sacrificial anode method has been provided for all the three bullets for their protection.

35

Figure 2.8 Photograph of mounded bullet

Figure 2.9 Photograph of mounded bullet

36

2.8 POWER REQUIREMENT

Power required for the existing operations is 450kVA sourced from Tamil Nadu Electricity

Board. D.G sets are used & their specifications are detailed below,

Table 2.5 Details on D.G sets

S. No. Capacity Number Fuel used Stack height

(m)

Stack

diameter (in)

1 750 1 HSD BS III 13.5

12

2 250 1 HSD BS III 6

2.9 MANPOWER REQUIREMENT

The total manpower requirement will be 75 persons which includes,

S. No. Grade Number

1. Officers 6

2. Workmen (Blue collar) 9

3. Contract labourers 40

4. Security 15

5. Electrical personnel 5

Total 75

2.10 FRESH WATER REQUIREMENT Total water requirement for the plant is 4KLD which is sourced through SIPCOT Industrial

Growth Centre, Gangaikondan village. Permission letter is enclosed as Annexure 1. Water

balance table & diagram are given below

37

Table 2.6 Water balance table

S. No.

Domestic water requirement

(KLD)

Industrial water requirement (KLD)

Domestic sewage generation (KLD)

Wastewater from process / cylinder washing (KLD)* Cylinder washing

1 3 1 2.4 0.8

Total 4 3.2

* Note – Wastewater generated from cylinder washing will be primarily dirty water with

suspended solids. After sedimentation, this water will be reused for cylinder washing.

There will be no process / trade effluent generated during operations.

Figure 2.10 Water balance chart

2.11 POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES PROPOSED

No emissions are generated during the operations as the entire bottling process is carried out

through pipelines from Storage Area to Filling Shed. The only point sources of emissions are

D.G sets & Fire Engines. They have been fitted with stacks of adequate height to disperse the

pollutants.

Table 2.7 Details on existing APCs

S. No. Source of emission Control measure Material of construction

Top diameter (m)

Height above GL (m)

1 750kVA D.G set & 250kVA D.G set

Stack MS Pipe 12” & 6” 13.5

2 Fire engines (3 nos.) Stack MS Pipe 6” 11

38

2.12 WASTEWATER GENERATION

Sewage is disposed through septic tanks & soak pits (1 nos.) of dimensions 2m x 1.5m x

1.5m. Washing water generated from cylinder washing will be diverted to sedimentation traps

fitted with oil separator & clarified water will be reused for cylinder washing. The dimension

of the sump is 2m x 1.5m x 1.5m.

2.13 SOLID WASTE GENERATION & DISPOSAL

No industrial solid waste will be generated during the bottling process. Damaged cylinders

will be segregated & stored on site prior to disposal as scrap metal. Hazardous waste

generated from D.G set operation will be disposed to TNPCB Authorized Recyclers.

2.14 DETAILS ON FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

The leakage of LPG is monitored through gas monitoring sensors (GMS) that are installed at

strategic points inside the plant premises. At present there are 35 Nos GMS sensors installed

which is connected to a PC in the control room for monitoring the leak levels. The sensors

will give initial alarm at 20% LEL and continuous alarm at 60% LEL so that the leakage can

be controlled before the concentration of LPG reaches its lower explosive limit.

Figure 2.11 Fire water storage tanks (3 x 2500KL)

39

The records are analyzed on daily basis by the concerned officer and faults are rectified on

immediate basis. All the persons working inside the plant premises are mandatorily required

to wear protection devices such as safety shoes and safety helmets in order to protect them

from fatal injuries. Safety week is celebrated every year to create awareness among persons

in order to develop a good culture. To monitor the health of people working in plant a doctor

is also appointed who visits the plant three times a week and free checkups are carried out

for all the persons in the plant.

40

Table 2.8 List of Fire Protection Equipments

Sl.No Descprition Requirement as per OISD

Availability at site

Balance Required

1

Portable 10 kg DCP fire extinguishers LPG storage vessel (2 per vessel)+water

drain 7 7

LPG cylinder shed (2 per 200 sqm) 64 64 LPG pump house (2 per 50 sqm) 10 10

T.L.D (1 per bay) 8 8 Other pump houses (FPH & ACH) 2 2

Office 2 2 Canteen 3 3 Security 1 1

Fire trolley 2 2 Stores 2 2 Total 101 101

2

4.5 kg CO2 F.E. PMCC(2 per 100 m2) 4 4

DG room 2 2 HT room 2 2

Transformer room 2 2 Battery Room 2 2

S&D and Control Room 2 2 Fire trolley 1 1

Total 15 15

3 Sand bucket with stand in PMCC 1 1

Sand bucket with stand in DG room 1 1 Sand bucket with stand in HT yard 1 1

41

Total 3 3

4

100% spare CO2 cartridge-200g 101 101 100% spare CO2 cartridge-2kg 5 5

50% Min. spare DCP bags-10kg DCP 505 510 50% Min. spare DCP bags-75kg DCP 188 190

Sl.No

5

75 KG DCP fire extinguishers Filling Shed 1 1

LPG Pump House 1 1 Mounded storage Bullet 1 1

TLD 1 1 Evacuation area 1 1

Total 5 5

6 Trolley with suitable first-aid fire preventive accessoris 1 1

7 Reinforced Rubber-lined hoses 63 mm 52 52

50% spare hoses 13 17 Total 65 69

8

Jet Nozzles 26 26 Jet Nozzles in stores 2 2

Spare jet nozzles with branch pipes 2 2 Spare fog nozzles 2 2

Spare universal nozzles 2 2 Spare water curtainn nozzles 2 2

Spare spray nozzles 2 2 Multi purpose nozzles 2 2

9 Safety Helmets 15 15 10 Hose Boxes (Alternative hydrant points) 26 26 11 Strecher with blankets 2 2 12 First Aid Boxes 5 3

42

13 Rubber Hand Gloves (Electrical) 2 pairs 2 pairs 14 Low temp. rubber hand gloves (LPG) 4 pairs 4 Pairs 15 Low temp. protective clothing (LPG) 2 sets Nil 2 sets 16 Explosimeter 2 2 17 Fire Proximity Suit 1 1 18 Resuscitator 2 2 19 Red & Green Flags 2 sets 2 sets 20 Self Containing Breathing Aparatus 1 1 21 Water Jet Blanket 2 2 22 Hand operated siren 8 8 23 FLP torches 4 4 24 ETB 6 6 25 MCP 10 10 26 GMS 35 35

43

Figure 2.12 Fire Hydrant Layout

44

2.15 RAINWATER & STORM WATER DRAINAGE NETWORK

Rain water harvesting system for Tirunelveli LPG Project has been designed to utilize the

Under-ground water system sustainably. Keeping in mind the depleting Water Table across

the country, storm water drains has been engineered in such a way that rain water can be

collected into two rain water harvesting tanks placed at strategic locations so that

underground water can be recharged and underground water table can be maintained.

Sizes of rain water harvesting tanks are 2.5 mtr in diameter with depth of 5 mtrs and have

been filled with brick bats to collect the water in case of heavy rain. Since much of the plant

area including Truck Parking area has been covered with RCC Roads and Bitumen roads,

Drains have been maintained to collect the storm water & rain water and using the natural

slope of Plant, waters will be collected to Rain water Harvesting Tank. Size of rain water

harvesting tanks: - 2.5 mtr in diameter with depth of 5 mtrs. The total cost of rain water

harvesting system is Rs.25.0 Lacs. Excluding the cost of drains.

Three recharge pits (2 on-site & 1 truck parking area) have been set up at the site to harvest

run-off water. The storm water layout is shown in the following figure.

45

Figure 2.13 Storm water layout

46

2.16 PROJECT COST

Cost for setting up the Indane Bottling Plant at SIPCOT, Gangaikondan village is estimated

at 78.58 crores.

47

CHAPTER 3

DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT

3.1 INTRODUCTION

Baseline Environmental Studies have been conducted to determine the existing status of

various Environmental attributes viz., Climate and Atmospheric conditions, Air, Water,

Noise, Soil, Hydro geological, Land use pattern, Ecological and Socio-Economical

environment, prior to setting up of the proposed project. This study would help to undertake

corrective mitigation measures for protection of the environment on account of any change

deviation of attributes due to activities of the proposed project.

3.2 SCOPE OF BASELINE STUDY

An area, covering a 10 km radial distance from the project site is considered as the study area

for the purpose of the baseline studies. Primary data on Water, Air, Land, Flora, Fauna &

Socio-Economic data were collected by a team of Engineers and Scientists. Secondary data

was collected from various Departments of State/Central Government Organizations, Semi-

Government and Public Sector Organizations. Table 3.1 gives various environmental

attributes considered for formulating environmental baseline and Table 3.2 gives the

frequency and monitoring methodology for various environmental attributes.

Table 3.1 Environmental Attributes

S. No. Attribute Parameter Source of Data

1 Climatology & Meteorology

Wind Speed, Wind direction, Relative humidity, Rainfall and Temperature

Indian Meteorological Department and Site specific information

2 Water Quality Physical and Chemical parameters

Monitored Data (Surface water – 8 locations and ground water- 8 locations)

3 Ambient Air Quality

PM10, PM 2.5, SO2, Nox, NH3, O3, CO, Pb, Benzene, Benzo(a) pyrene, Arsenic & Nickel

Monitored Data (8 locations)

4 Noise levels Noise levels in dB (A) Monitored Data (8 locations)

5 Ecology

Existing terrestrial flora and fauna within the study area

Field survey and Secondary sources

6 Geology Geological history Secondary sources 7 Soil Soil types and samples analyzed Analysis of soil samples at six

48

for physical and chemical parameters.

locations

8 Socio-economic Aspects

Socio-Economic characteristics of the affected area

Based on field survey and data collected from secondary sources

9 Land Use Trend of land use change for different categories Secondary data

Table 3.2 Frequency and Monitoring Methodology

Attributes Sampling Measurement Method Remarks Network Frequency

A. Meteorology Wind Speed, Wind direction, Relative humidity, Rainfall and Temperature

Project site Continuous for 3 months

Weather monitor with data base

A. Air Environment Particulate Matter (PM 10)

Requisite locations in the project influence area

24 hourly-Twice a week for 3 months in Non- Monsoon season

Gravimetric (High- Volume with Cyclone)

As per CPCB standards under 18th November 2009 Notification for National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)

Particulate Matter (PM 2.5)

Gravimetric (High- Volume with Cyclone)

Oxides of Sulphur (SO2)

EPA Modified West &Gaeke method

Oxides of Nitrogen (Nox)

Arsenite Modified Jacob &Hochheiser

Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOC)

--

EPA Method TO 17

Hydrocarbon -- IS 5182: Pt 12: 1991 Benzene (C6H6) 24 hourly-

Twice a week for 3 months in Non- Monsoon season

IS 5182: Pt 11: 2006 Benzo (a) Pyrene (BaP) IS 5182: Pt 12: 1991

Lead (Pb) IS 5182 P 22: 2004 Arsenic (As) IS 5182 P 22: 2004 Nickel (Ni) IS 5182 P 22: 2004 Ammonia (NH3) Indophenols blue

method Ozone (O3) KI Absorption Method Carbon Monoxide Gas Analyser (NDIR)

B. Noise Hourly equivalent noise levels

Requisite locations in the project influence area

Once

Instrument : Noise level meter

IS: 4954 1968

49

C. Water Parameters for water quality: pH, temp, turbidity, Total hardness, total alkalinity, chloride, sulphate, nitrate, fluoride, sodium, potassium, Electrical Conductivity, Ammonical nitrogen, Nitrate-Nitrogen total phosphorus, BOD, COD, Calcium, Magnesium, Total Dissolved Solids, Total Suspended Solids

Set of grab samples At requisite locations for ground and surface water

Once Samples for water quality collected and analyzed as per IS : 2488 (Part 1-5) methods for sampling and testing of Industrial effluents Standard methods for examination of water and wastewater analysis published by American Public Health Association.

D. Land Environment Parameter for soil quality: pH, texture, electrical conductivity, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphate, sodium, calcium, potassium and Magnesium.

Requisite soil samples be collected as per BIS specification within project influence area

Once in season

Collected and analyzed as per soil analysis reference book, M.L.Jackson

E. Biological Environment Terrestrial & Aquatic Flora and Fauna

Requisite locations in the project influence area

Once in season

Collected and analyzed as per IUCN Red Data book.

3.3 RAINFALL & CLIMATE

The district receives the rain under the influence of both southwest and northeast monsoons.

The northeast monsoon chiefly contributes to the rainfall in the district. Rainfall data from

IMD stations over the period 1901-2000 were utilized and a perusal of the data shows that the

normal annual rainfall over the district is 879 mm. It is the maximum around Senkottai,

Sankarankoil and all along the coast and it decreases towards inland. The areas around

Ambasamudram, Tirunelveli and Kadayanallur receive minimum rainfall.

50

The district enjoys a Sub tropical climate. The period from May to June is generally hot and

dry. The weather is pleasant during the period from December to January. The relative

humidity is on an average between 79 and 84%. The mean minimum temperature is 22.9°C

and means maximum daily temperature is 33.5°C respectively.

Figure 3.1 – Average Rainfall of last Five years

51

Table 3.3 – Tirunelveli District Weather Report for the month of February 2015

Summary Air Temp. (⁰C) Relative

Humidity (%) Wind

Speed (m/s) Max Min 2/1/2015 32 25 71 3 2/2/2015 32 24 67 3 2/3/2015 33 25 61 3 2/4/2015 33 26 62 3 2/5/2015 33 26 67 3 2/6/2015 33 25 69 3 2/7/2015 32 26 73 3 2/8/2015 33 26 70 3 2/9/2015 32 24 70 2 2/10/2015 33 27 71 2 2/11/2015 33 26 74 2 2/12/2015 32 26 74 3 2/13/2015 33 26 74 3 2/14/2015 32 26 76 3 2/15/2015 32 25 74 3 2/16/2015 32 25 69 3 2/17/2015 32 23 69 2 2/18/2015 32 23 68 3 2/19/2015 32 24 69 3 2/20/2015 32 23 69 3 2/21/2015 32 24 65 4 2/22/2015 33 23 60 3 2/23/2015 33 23 67 3 2/24/2015 33 25 64 3 2/25/2015 33 25 69 3 2/26/2015 32 25 76 3 2/27/2015 32 26 74 3 2/28/2015 34 25 74 3

Wind rose for the month of February, March & April are given in Figure 3.2, 3.3 & 3.4.

52

Figure 3.2 – Wind rose for the month of February 2015

53

Table 3.4 – Tirunelveli District Weather Report for the month of March 2015

Summary Air Temp. (⁰C) Relative

Humidity (%)

Wind Speed (m/s) Max Min

3/1/2015 33 24 73 4 3/2/2015 33 26 75 2 3/3/2015 32 26 76 1 3/4/2015 33 26 78 2 3/5/2015 33 25 74 2 3/6/2015 33 26 75 2 3/7/2015 34 26 72 2 3/8/2015 34 26 70 2 3/9/2015 33 26 70 2 3/10/2015 32 25 73 3 3/11/2015 33 25 73 2 3/12/2015 33 25 71 2 3/13/2015 33 26 70 2 3/14/2015 32 25 80 3 3/15/2015 33 24 78 2 3/16/2015 33 25 77 2 3/17/2015 32 25 76 1 3/18/2015 33 26 70 3 3/19/2015 32 25 75 3 3/20/2015 31 25 73 2 3/21/2015 33 25 71 2 3/22/2015 33 24 70 2 3/23/2015 33 26 71 5 3/24/2015 33 26 74 6 3/25/2015 33 25 73 3 3/26/2015 33 26 74 3 3/27/2015 33 26 72 4 3/28/2015 34 26 67 3 3/29/2015 33 25 73 3 3/30/2015 33 26 75 3 3/31/2015 33 26 74 4

54

Figure 3.3 – Wind rose for the month of March 2015

55

Table 3.5 – Tirunelveli District Weather Report for the month of April 2015

Summary

Air Temp. (⁰C)

Relative Humidity (%)

Wind Speed (m/s) Max Min

4/1/2015 32 25 77 4 4/2/2015 33 26 78 2 4/3/2015 33 25 75 5 4/4/2015 33 25 74 6 4/5/2015 33 26 69 4 4/6/2015 33 25 73 4 4/7/2015 33 26 75 4 4/8/2015 28 25 81 4 4/9/2015 33 26 75 3 4/10/2015 33 25 76 5 4/11/2015 32 25 73 4 4/12/2015 32 25 76 4 4/13/2015 31 25 78 4 4/14/2015 33 25 72 6 4/15/2015 32 26 75 4 4/16/2015 32 26 74 5 4/17/2015 33 25 74 6 4/18/2015 33 25 74 7 4/19/2015 32 25 75 7 4/20/2015 32 25 79 4 4/21/2015 31 24 83 5 4/22/2015 32 23 76 3 4/23/2015 32 25 76 6 4/24/2015 32 25 78 6 4/25/2015 32 25 74 4 4/26/2015 32 24 79 3 4/27/2015 31 24 81 3 4/28/2015 33 25 79 3 4/29/2015 32 26 70 6 4/30/2015 32 25 74 6

56

Figure 3.4 – Wind rose for the month of April 2015

57

3.4 DRAINAGE

Thamarabarani, Nambiar, Chittar and Karamaniar are the important rivers draining the

district. Tamarabarani originating from Papanasam flows thorough the district. The Nambiyar

river originates in the eastern slopes of the Western ghats near Nellikalmottai about 9.6 km

west of Tirukkurugundi village at an altitude of about 1060 m amsl At the foot of the hills,

the river is divided into two arms. The main arm is joined by Tamarabarani at the foothills.

Chittar originates near Courtallam and flows through Tenkasi and confluences with

Tamarabarani. The hilly terrains have resulted in number of falls in the district. There are

three major falls in Manimuttar Reservoir catchments area and there are few falls in the

Tamarabarani river also. A series of falls in Chittar river in Courtallam comprising Five Falls,

Honey Falls, Main falls and Old Courtallm Falls are some of the important falls in the area.

The drainage pattern in general is dendritic. In addition, there are eight dams at the places as

given below for irrigation and power generation purposes.

Source: District Ground Water Brochure, Tirunelveli District, Tamilnadu, Ministry of Water

Resources, Central Ground Water Board, 2007.

The Drainage Map (10 km) of the project site is given as Figure 3.5.

Figure 3.5 – Drainage Map (10 km) of the Project

58

3.5 GEOMORPHOLOGY

Tirunelveli district is bordered by Western Ghats (Ridge and valley complex) in the West. A

major part of the district constitutes a plain terrain with a gentle slope toward East and

Southeast, except for the hilly terrain in the west. The general elevation of the area varies

from less than 10 to 1408 m amsl (Tulukkaparai hill range)

The prominent geomorphic units identified in the district through interpretation of Satellite

imagery are Structural Hill, Bazada Zone, Valley Fill, Flood Plain, Pediment, Shallow buried

pediment, Deep buried pediment and Coastal Plain.

3.6 SOIL

Soils have been classified into

1) Deep red soil

2) Red sandy soil

3) Black cotton soil

4) Saline coastal Alluvium

5) River Alluvium

Major parts of the area are covered by Deep Red soil and are found in Sivakasi, Tenkasi,

Senkottai and Sankarankoil blocks and it is suitable for cultivating coconut and palmyrah

trees. Red sandy soil also in reddish yellow in colour and are found in Nanguneri,

Ambasamudram, and Radhapuram blocks and it is suitable for cultivating groundnut, millets

and pulses etc., The Block Cotton Soil is found in Tirunelveli, Palayankottai and

Sankarankoil blocks, and it is suitable for cultivating Paddy, Ragi, and Cholam etc., The

Saline Coastal Alluvium are dark grey to deep brown in colour and spread over the

Nanguneri and Radhapuram blocks. The River alluvial soils occur along the river courses of

Tamrabarani and Chittar river covering in the blocks Tirunelveli and Palayankottai and it is

suitable for cultivating Groundnut, Chillies and Cumbu.

3.7 GROUND WATER SCENARIO

3.7.1 Hydrogeology

The district is underlain by both porous and fissured formations. The important aquifer

systems in the district are constituted by i) Weathered and fractured hard rock formations of

Archaean age. ii) Porous sedimentary formations ranging in age from Tertiary and Recent.

59

The porous formations are found as small patch in the southeastern part of the district and

include sandstones, Limestones, Laterite and Clays from Tertiary to Quaternary. Isolated

occurrence of calcareous sandstone and fossiliferous limestone are seen in coastal area on the

southeastern side. The fossiliferous limestone is found south west of Kudankulam covering

an area of 3 sq.km. Laterites are exposed as patches along Radhapuram-Edakkadu,

Vijayanarayanam-Kumarapuram, Ittamoli, Nanguneri and Uramozi area. Beach sand occurs

as a patch along the coast with a width varying from 50-250m in Idindakarai-Ovari Belt. The

river alluvium is found along the river courses and the thickness of alluvium is restricted to 5-

6m.

The exploration in sedimentary tract has revealed that the depth to basement occurs at a depth

of 120m bgl and granular zones are encountered between the depths of 20 to 92 m bgl. The

yield of bore wells varies from 1-4.5 lps. The aquifer at the shallow depth is under

unconfined condition and aquifer at depth is under semi-confined to confined condition. The

shallow aquifer is developed through dug wells and deeper aquifer through tube wells. The

dug well can sustain a pumping of 4 to 6 hours while the tube wells can sustain a pumping of

6-8 hours.

The water-bearing properties of crystalline formations, which lack primary porosity, depend

on the extent of development of secondary intergranular porosity. These aquifers are highly

heterogeneous in nature due to variation in lithology, texture and structural features even

within short distances. Ground water generally occurs under phreatic conditions in the

weathered mantle and under semi-confined conditions in the fissured and fractured zones at

deeper levels. The thickness of weathered zone in the district is in the ranges up to 30m bgl.

The yield of large diameter wells in the district, tapping the weathered mantle of crystalline

rocks ranges from 50 to 250 lpm and are able to sustain pumping for 3 to 5 hours per day.

The Specific capacity of large diameter wells tested in crystalline rocks ranges from 25 to

300 lpm / m. of drawdown. The yield characteristics of wells vary considerably depending on

the topographic set-up, lithology and nature of weathering.

The groundwater exploration in the district down to a depth of 200m bgl has revealed that in

the western part of the district potential fractures are encountered beyond 100m bgl while in

the rest of the area, potential fractures are restricted to 100m bgl. The yield of the wells varies

from 1 to 3.6 lps. In general, the wells drilled by various State agencies mainly for domestic

purposes have yield in the range of 63 to 270 lpm.

60

The depth to water level in the district varied between 1.19 to 13.35 m bgl during

premonsoon depth to water level (May 2006) and varied between 0.18 to 7.97 m bgl during

post monsoon depth to water level (Jan 2007). The seasonal fluctuation shows a fall in water

level, which ranges from –0.12 to –2.14 m bgl, and rise in water level, which ranges from

0.33 to 11.24 m bgl. The piezometric head varied between 1.72 to 13.65 m bgl (May 2006)

during pre monsoon and 0.47 to 13.25 m bgl during post monsoon.

4.1.1 Long Term Fluctuation (1998-2007)

The long-term water level fluctuation for the period 1998-2007 indicates both rise and fall in

different parts of the district. The rise in water level is in the range of 0.0021 to 1.1284

m/year, while the fall is the water level varies between 0.0169 and 0.6893 m/year.

4.1.2 Aquifer Parameters

Formation Yield of wells

(lps)

Transmissivity

(m2/day)

Hydraulic

Conductivity

(m/day)

Specific

Yield

(%)

Porous Formation 1.0 – 4.5 50 – 250 20 -65 3 – 6

Weathered Rock <1 – 4.0 25 – 150 <1 – 15 1.5

Fractured Rock 1.0 – 3.6 25 - 250 <1 - 25 -

61

Figure 3.6 Hydrogeology Map of Tirunelveli District

Source: District Ground Water Brochure, Tirunelveli District, Tamilnadu, Ministry of Water

Resources, Central Ground Water Board.

62

Figure 3.7 Map Showing depth to water level in Pre-monsoon

Figure 3.8 Map Showing depth to water level in Post-monsoon

63

Source: District Ground Water Brochure, Tirunelveli District, Tamilnadu, Ministry of Water

Resources, Central Ground Water Board.

3.8 LAND USE

The Land use classification is given in Table 3.6

Land Use/Land Cover Map within 10 km of the Project Site is given below in Figure 3.9.

64

Figure 3.9 – Land Use/ Land Cover Map within 10 km of the Project Site

3.9 Seismicity

There are 4 major seismic zones (zones II, III, IV and V) in India, based on the seismo-

tectonic parameters, history of seismicity and certain geophysical parameters. The project site

SIPCOT Industrial Growth Centre, Gangaikondan village, Tirunelveli Taluk & District

comes under Seismic zone III.

65

Figure 3.10 - Map showing seismic tectonic zone

3.10 AIR ENVIRONMENT

The prime objective of baseline air monitoring is to evaluate the existing air quality of the

area. This will also be useful for assessing the conformity to standards of the ambient air

quality during the construction and operation of the proposed project. This section describes

the selection of sampling locations, methodology adopted for sampling, analytical techniques

and frequency of sampling. The results of ambient air monitoring carried out during the study

during February, March and April 2015. The methodology adopted for Air quality survey is

given below.

3.10.1 Selection of Sampling Locations

The locations for air quality monitoring were scientifically selected based on the following

considerations using climatologically data.

• Topography / Terrain of the study area

• Human Settlements

• Health status

66

• Accessibility of monitoring site

• Resource Availability

• Representativeness of the region for establishing baseline status

• Representativeness with respect to likely impact areas.

The Ambient Air Quality monitoring locations are given in the Table 3.7and shown in

Figure 3.11.

67

Table 3.7 – Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations

Air sampling location code Location Geographical

location

Direction with the respect to project

site

Distance with respect to

project site ( km)

Elevation in feet Environmental Setting

AAQ1 Project Site N-08º49’49.93”

E-77º44’41.10” - - 191 Industrial Area

AAQ2 Gangaikondan N-13º15’03.48”

E-80º18’14.65” NE 5.29 132 Residential Area

AAQ3 Venkatasalapuram N-13º16’12.74”

E-80º16’47.04” N 5.16 170 Residential & Rural Area

AAQ4 Alavanthankulam N-13º11’49.36”

E-80º16’45.32” NW 6.21 225 Residential & Rural Area

AAQ5 Kattalai N-13º12’54.92”

E-80º19’10.75” SE 4.32 137 Residential & Rural Area

AAQ6 Thalaiyuthu N-13º12’51.89”

E-80º16’12.05” SSW 5.76 155 Residential & Industrial Area

AAQ7 Nanjankulam N-13º14’30.43”

E-80º16’20.26” WSW 7.24 286 Residential & Rural Area

68

*With respect to site

3.10.2 Parameters for Sampling

The parameters chosen for assessment of ambient air quality were Particulate Matter<10 (PM10), Particulate Matter<2.5 (PM2.5), Sulphur di-

oxide (SO2), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx),Ammonia (NH3), Ozone (O3), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Benzene (C6H6), BenzonePyrene (BaP), Lead,

Nickel and Arsenic.

3.10.3 Instruments used for Sampling

Respirable Dust Samplers APM- 460 BL of Envirotech were used for monitoring Particulate matter (PM-10), gaseous pollutants like SO2 and

Nox. Fine Particulate Samplers APM 550 of Envirotech was used for monitoring PM 2.5.

AAQ8 Thathanuthu N-13º11’19.10”

E-80º18’20.93” S 3.11 150 Residential & Rural Area

69

Figure 3.11 – Map Showing Air Quality Monitoring Locations

AAQ4 AAQ3

AAQ7

AAQ2

AAQ1

AAQ6

AAQ8 AAQ5

70

3.10.4 Sampling and Analytical Techniques

PM 10 and PM 2.5 have been estimated by gravimetric method. In RDS, ambient air is

sucked through a cyclone. Coarse and non-respirable dust is separated from the air stream by

centrifugal forces acting on the solid particles, these particles fall through the cyclone’s

conical hopper and gets collected in the sampling cap placed at the bottom. The fine dust

(<10 microns) forming the respirable particulate matter (PM 10) passes the cyclone and is

retained on the filter paper. A tapping is provided on the suction side of the blower to provide

suction for sampling air through a set of impingers which contains absorbing solutions for

SO2 and Nox. Samples of gases are drawn at a flow rate of 0.2 lpm.

PM 2.5 was determined by Fine Particulate Sampler. The air inlet has a circular symmetry so

that air entry is unaffected by wind direction and is designed to keep out rain, insects and

very large particles. The inlet section immediately leads to an impactor stage designed to trap

particles with an aerodynamic diameter larger than 10 microns. Thus the air stream in the

down tube consists of only medium and fine particulates. The streamlined air flow of the

down tube is accelerated through the nozzle of the well shapedimpactor designed to trap

medium size particulates with an aerodynamic diameter between 2.5 and 10 microns. To

avoid sampling errors due to the tendency of small particles to bounce off the impaction

surface a 37mm diameter GF/A paper immersed in silicone oil is used as an impaction

surface. The air stream leaving the WINS impactor consists of microns. These fine particles

are collected on a special Teflon membrane filter of 47 mm diameter.

Modified West and Gaeke method (IS-5182 part-II, 1969) has been adopted for estimation of

SO2 and Jacobs-Hochheiser method (IS-5182 part-IV, 1975) has been adopted for the

estimation of Nox. The techniques for sampling and analysis of parameters are presented in

theTable 3.8.

Table 3.8 - Techniques used for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

S. No Parameters Technique 1 Particulate Matter (PM 10), µg/m3 Gravimetric (High- Volume with Cyclone) 2 Particulate Matter (PM 2.5), µg/m3 Gravimetric (Fine particulate Sampler) 3 Oxides of Sulphur (SO2), µg/m3 EPA Modified West &Gaeke method 4 Oxides of Nitrogen (Nox), µg/m3 Arsenite Modified Jacob &Hochheiser 5 Total Volatile Organic Compounds

(TVOC), µg/m3 EPA METHOD TO 17

6 Hydrocarbon, µg/m3 IS 5182: Pt 12: 1991

71

7 Benzene (C6H6), µg/m3 IS 5182: Pt 11: 2006 8 Benzo Pyrene (BaP), ng/m3 IS 5182: Pt 12: 1991 9 Lead (Pb), µg/m3 IS 5182 P 22: 2004 10 Arsenic (As), ng/m3 IS 5182 P 22: 2004 11 Nickel (Ni), ng/m3 IS 5182 P 22: 2004 12 Ammonia (NH3), µg/m3 Indophenols blue method 13 Ozone (O3), µg/m3 KI Absorption Method 14 Carbon Monoxide, mg/m3 Gas Analyser (NDIR)

3.10.5 Results

Various parameters like maximum, minimum and average have been computed from the

monitored data for all the locations and summary of Ambient Air Quality test results are

presented in Tables 3.9.

72

Table 3.9 – Summary of Ambient Air Quality Result

Code Location PM10,µg/m3 PM 2.5,µg/m3 SO2,µg/m3 NOX,µg/m3

Min Max Avg 98 Per Min Max Avg 98

Per Min Max Avg 98

Per Min Max Avg 98 Per

AAQ1 Project Site 39 54 47.2 53.6 17.5 24.2 20.8 24 5.1 6.2 5.6 6.1 9.7 12.2 10.9 12.1

AAQ2 Gangaikondan 43 57 50.1 56.7 20.4 26.5 23.4 26.3 6.7 8.3 7.5 8.2 11.8 16.4 14.1 16.2

AAQ3 Venkatasalapuram 37 48 42.6 47.7 18.5 23.8 21.1 23.5 BDL(<5) 10.1 13.4 11.6 13.2

AAQ4 Alavanthankulam 45 55 45.8 54.7 21.2 25.3 23.3 25.1 5.4 6.1 5.7 6.0 11.5 14.2 12.8 14

AAQ5 Kattalai 35 46 40.4 45.5 17 22.8 19.9 22.6 BDL(<5) 9.1 11.9 10.4 11.7

AAQ6 Thalaiyuthu 51 66 57.5 65.6 24.9 35.7 30.2 35.4 6.3 8.5 6.8 8.4 13.5 17.2 15.3 17

AAQ7 Nanjankulam 40 53 46.4 52.8 18.8 23.9 21.4 23.7 BDL(<5) 10.2 12.6 11.3 12.4

AAQ8 Thathanuthu 48 59 54.5 58.6 19.7 27.6 23.2 27.5 5.6 6.8 6.1 6.7 13.3 16.2 14.4 16

CPCB / MoEF Standards

Industrial /Residential / Rural and Other Area

100

60

80

80

73

Code Location Ammonia

µg/m3

Ozone

µg/m3 CO,mg/m3

Lead µg/m3

Min Max Avg 98

Per Min Max Avg 98 Per

AAQ1 Project Site BDL(<5) 8.4 13.3 10.9 13.1 BDL(<0.1) BDL(<0.1)

AAQ2 Gangaikondan BDL(<5) 9.2 14.6 11.8 14.4 0.11 0.16 0.13 0.15 BDL(<0.1)

AAQ3 Venkatasalapuram BDL(<5) 7.7 11.3 9.5 11.2 BDL(<0.1) BDL(<0.1)

AAQ4 Alavanthankulam BDL(<5) 8.8 12.8 10.9 12.6 BDL(<0.1) BDL(<0.1)

AAQ5 Kattalai BDL(<5) 6.7 10.5 8.3 10.3 BDL(<0.1) BDL(<0.1)

AAQ6 Thalaiyuthu BDL(<5) 10.7 18.4 14.8 18.2 0.17 0.25 0.20 0.24 BDL(<0.1)

AAQ7 Nanjankulam BDL(<5) 8.2 13.2 10.7 13 BDL(<0.1) BDL(<0.1)

AAQ8 Thathanuthu BDL(<5) 9.7 14.6 12.1 14.4 BDL(<0.1) BDL(<0.1)

CPCB / MoEF Standards

Industrial /Residential / Rural and

Other Area 400 100 2 1

74

Code Location Benzene, µg/m3 Benzo[a]pyrene

ng/m3

Arsenic

ng/m3

Nickel

ng/m3

AAQ1 Project Site BDL (<0.1) BDL (<0.01) BDL (<1) BDL (<1)

AAQ2 Gangaikondan BDL (<0.1) BDL (<0.01) BDL (<1) BDL (<1)

AAQ3 Venkatasalapuram BDL (<0.1) BDL (<0.01) BDL (<1) BDL (<1)

AAQ4 Alavanthankulam BDL (<0.1) BDL (<0.01) BDL (<1) BDL (<1)

AAQ5 Kattalai BDL (<0.1) BDL (<0.01) BDL (<1) BDL (<1)

AAQ6 Thalaiyuthu BDL (<0.1) BDL (<0.01) BDL (<1) BDL (<1)

AAQ7 Nanjankulam BDL (<0.1) BDL (<0.01) BDL (<1) BDL (<1)

AAQ8 Thathanuthu BDL (<0.1) BDL (<0.01) BDL (<1) BDL (<1)

CPCB Standards

Industrial/ Residential/ Rural

and Other Area 5 1 6 20

3.10.6 Observations

PM10: The maximum and minimum concentrations for PM10 were recorded as

66µg/m3 and 35µg/m3 respectively. The maximum concentration was recorded at Thalaiyuthu

and the minimum concentration was recorded at Kattalai. The average concentrations were

ranged between 40.4 and 57.5µg/m3.

PM2.5: The maximum and minimum concentrations for PM2.5 were recorded as 35.7µg/m3 and

17µg/m3 respectively. The maximum concentration was recorded at Thalaiyuthu and the

minimum concentration was recorded at Kattalai. The average values were observed to be in

the range of 19.9 and 30.2µg/m3.

75

SO2: The maximum and minimum SO2 concentrations were recorded as 8.5µg/m3 and BDL.

The maximum concentration was recorded at Thalaiyuthu. The average values were observed

to be in the range of BDL and 7.5µg/m3.

NOx: The maximum and minimum NOx concentrations were recorded as 17.2µg/m3 and

9.1µg/m3. The maximum concentration was recorded at Thalaiyuthu and the minimum

concentration was recorded at Kattalai. The average values were observed to be in the range of

10.4 and 15.3µg/m3.

O3: The maximum and minimum O3 concentrations were recorded as 18.4µg/m3 and

6.7µg/m3. The maximum concentration was recorded at Thalaiyuthu and the minimum

concentration was recorded at Kattalai. The average values were observed to be in the range of

8.3 and 14.8µg/m3.

The concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOx, are observed to be well within the standards

prescribed by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) for Industrial, Rural, Residential and

Other area. All the values of NH3, heavy metals (Pb, Ar,Ni & Hg), CO, Benzene and BaP were

found to be below detection limits.

3.11 Noise Environment

The main objective of monitoring of ambient noise levels was to establish the baseline noise

levels in the surrounding areas and to assess the total noise level in the environment of the

study area.

3.11.1 Identification of Sampling Locations

A preliminary reconnaissance survey was undertaken to identify the major noise sources in

the area. The sampling location in the area was identified considering the location of industry,

residential area, Highways and Institutional areas. The noise monitoring locations are

presented in Table 3.10and shown in Figure 3.12

76

Table 3.10 – Noise Quality monitoring stations

Location Code Sample location Geographical

location

Direction with respect to

project site

Distance with respect to

project site ( km)

Environmental Setting

N1 Project Site N-08º49’49.93” E-77º44’41.10” - - Industrial Area

N2 Gangaikondan N-08º51’36.12” E-77º46’22.65” NE 4.46 Residential Area

N3 Pallikottai N-08º51’36.26” E-77º42’48.39” NW 4.76 Residential & Rural Area

N4 Thalaiyuthu N-08º47’33.77” E-77º43’23.64” SSW 4.83 Residential Area &

Industrial Area

N5 Alangaraperi N-08º43’23.26” E-77º46’32.93” SE 4.31 Residential & Rural Area

N6 Thenkalam N-08º49’15.34” E-77º41’59.05” WSW 5.11 Residential & Rural Area

N7 Palamadai N-08º47’29.00” E-77º45’32.36” SSE 4.62 Residential & Rural Area

77

3.11.2 Instrument used for Sampling

Noise levels were measured using a sound level meter. The sound level meter measures the

equivalent continuous noise level (Leq) by switching on the corresponding function mode.

3.11.3 Method of Monitoring

Noise, in general, is sound which is composed of many frequency components of various

types of loudness distributed over the audible frequency range. Various noise scales have

been introduced to describe, in a single number, the response of an average human to a

complex sound made up of various frequencies at different loudness levels. The most

common and universally accepted scale is the ‘A’ weighted Scale which is measured as dB

(A). This is more suitable for audible range of 20 to 20,000 Hz. The scale has been designed

to weigh various components of noise according to the response of a human ear.

Sound Pressure Level (SPL) measurements were measured at all locations. The readings were

taken for every hour for 24 hours. The day noise levels have been monitored during 6 am to

10 pm and night levels during 10 pm to 6 am at all the locations covered in 10-km radius of

the study area. The noise levels were measured once during the study period. These readings

were later tabulated and the frequency distribution table was prepared. Finally, hourly and 24

hourly values for various noise parameters viz. Lday and Lnight were calculated.

For noise levels measured over a given period of time, it is possible to describe important

features of noise using statistical quantities. This is calculated using the percent of the time

certain noise levels exceed the time interval. The notations for the statistical quantities of

noise levels are described below:

L10 is the noise level exceeded 10 per cent of the time

L50 is the noise level exceeded 50 per cent of the time and

L90 is the noise level exceeded 90 per cent of the time

Equivalent Sound Pressure Level (Leq)

The Leq is the equivalent continuous sound level, which is equivalent to the same sound

energy as the actual fluctuating sound measured in the same period. This is necessary because

sound from noise source often fluctuates widely during a given period of time.

This is calculated from the following equation:

Leq = L50 + (L10 - L90)2/60

78

Parameters Measured During Monitoring

For noise levels measured over a given period of time interval, it is possible to describe

important features of noise using statistical quantities. This is calculated using the percent of

the time, certain noise levels are exceeded during the time interval. The notation for the

statistical quantities of noise levels id described below:

Hourly Leq day: Equivalent noise levels between 6.00 hours to 22.00 hours.

Leq night: Equivalent noise levels between 22.00 hours to 6.00 hours.

79

Figure – 3.12 Map showing the location of Noise level monitoring stations

3.11.4 Results

The summary of computed ambient noise level parameters like Lday and Lnight are presented

in Table 3.11 and compared to the standards specified by CPCB mentioned below in Table

3.12.

80

Table 3.11 – Ambient Noise Level

Location Code Sample location Geographical location

Direction with respect to project

site

Distance with respect to project

site (km) Environmental Setting Leq day

[dB(A)] Leq Night

[dB(A)]

Leq

[dB(A)]

N1 Project Site N-08º49’49.93”

E-77º44’41.10” - - Industrial Area 50.7 42.8 49.2

N2 Gangaikondan N-08º51’36.12”

E-77º46’22.65” NE 4.46 Residential Area 51.8 43.6 50.3

N3 Pallikottai N-08º51’36.26”

E-77º42’48.39” NW 4.76 Residential & Rural Area 48.2 41.6 46.8

N4 Thalaiyuthu N-08º47’33.77”

E-77º43’23.64” SSW 4.83 Residential Area & Industrial Area 52.1 44.2 50.6

N5 Alangaraperi N-08º43’23.26”

E-77º46’32.93” SE 4.31 Residential & Rural Area 47.2 40.9 45.9

N6 Thenkalam N-08º49’15.34”

E-77º41’59.05” WSW 5.11 Residential & Rural Area 48.4 41.7 47

N7 Palamadai N-08º47’29.00”

E-77º45’32.36” SSE 4.62 Residential & Rural Area 49.2 42.5 47.8

81

Table 3.12 – Ambient Noise Quality Standards

Category of Area / Zone Limits in dB (A) Leq

Day Time Night Time

Industrial Area 75 70

Commercial Area 65 55

Residential Area 55 45

Silence Zone 50 40

Source: CPCB

Note: Daytime shall mean from 6.00 a.m. to 10.00 p.m.

Night time shall mean from 10.00 p.m. to 6.00 a.m.

3.11.5 Observations

Day time Noise Levels

Noise levels during day time were found to be in the range 47.2 to 52.1dB (A). The maximum

noise level was observed to be 52.1dB (A) at Thalaiyuthu and a minimum of 47.2dB (A) was

observed at Alangaraperi.

Night time Noise Levels

Noise levels observed to fall in the range 40.9 to 44.2dB (A) during the night time. A

maximum of 40.9dB (A) was observed at Thalaiyuthu and a minimum of 44.2dB (A) was

observed at Alangaraperi. Measured noise levels are observed to be in compliance with

prescribed standards for ambient noise for the respective applicable categories.

3.12 Water Environment

Water sampling has been conducted to establish baseline water quality in the area. Water

analysis was carried out for physical and chemical parameters as per the methods prescribed

in IS and “Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (American

Public Health Association)”.

3.12.1 Sampling Locations

The details of the water sampling stations are presented in the Table 3.13 and shown in

Figure 3.13.

82

Table – 3.13 Water quality monitoring locations

Location Code Location Geographical location

Direction with respect to project site

Distance with respect to project site (km) Type of water

GW1 Project Site N-08º49’50.603”

E-77º44’43.39” - - Ground Water

GW2 Gangaikondan N-08º51’26.75”

E-77º46’52.14” NE 4.18 Ground Water

GW3 Thalaiyuthu N-08º47’42.04”

E-77º45’17.27” SSW 4.67 Ground Water

GW4 Palamadai N-08º47’23.73”

E-77º45’24.82” SSW 4.68 Ground Water

GW5 Alavanthan kulam N-08º52’18.71”

E-77º42’16.01” NW 6.38 Ground Water

GW6 Thenkalampudur N-08º50’01.50”

E-77º42’10.94” W 4.61 Ground Water

SW1 Gangaikondan kulam N-08º50’20.69”

E-77º47’05.95” ENE 4.54 Surface Water

SW2 Tamarabarani River N-08º45’29.09”

E-77º41’29.21” S 7.98 Surface Water

Figure – 3.13 Map showing Water quality monitoring locations

3.12.2 Results

The physicochemical characteristics of water in the study area are presented in the Tables 3.14 and is compared with the standards (IS 10500:

Indian Standards/Specifications for Drinking Water) reference values.

Table 3.14 – Results for Water Analysis

Ground Water

S. No

Parameters

Unit

Test method

Limit as per

IS 10500 : 2012

W1

W2

W3

1 Colour Hazen APHA 22nd EDITION 5 Nil Nil Nil

2 Odour - APHA 22nd EDITION Unobjectionable No Odour Observed

No Odour Observed

No Odour Observed

3 pH at 25°C - IS : 3025 Part 11- 1983 (Reaff: 2002) 6.5-8.5 7.09 7.41 7.82

4 Electrical Conductivity, μS/cm IS : 3025 Part 14- 1984 (Reaff: 2002) Not Specified 1086 1320 2450

5 Turbidity NTU IS : 3025 Part 10-1984 (Reaff: 2002) 1 BDL (<0.5) 0.6 BDL (<0.5)

6 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l IS : 3025 Part 16-1984 (Reaff: 2003) 500 633 726 1327

7 Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l IS : 3025 Part 21-2009 200 135 420 570

8 Total Alkalinity as mg/l IS : 3025 Part 23- 1986(Reaff:2003) 200 170 362 400

BDL –Below Detectable Limit

CaCO3

9 Chloride as Cl mg/l IS : 3025 Part 32-1988 (Reaff: 2003) 250 175 164 478

10 Sulphate as SO4 mg/l APHA 22nd EDN-4500- SO42- E 200 48 72 47

11 Fluoride as F mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -4500-F B&D 1.0 0.59 0.68 1.17

12 Nitrate as NO3 mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -4500- NO3- B 45 2 12 15

13 Ammonia as N mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -4500- NH3 B&C 0.5 BDL(<0.05) BDL(<0.05) 0.20

14 Phosphate as PO4 mg/l IS : 3025 Part 31-1988 (Reaff:2002) Not Specified 0.11 0.12 0.18 15 Sodium as Na mg/l IS : 3025 Part 45-1993 (Reaff:2003) Not Specified 126 97 265

16 Potassium as K mg/l IS : 3025 Part 45-1993 (Reaff:2003) Not Specified 46 2.2 3.9

17 Calcium as Ca mg/l IS : 3025 Part 40-1991 (Reaff:2003) 75 30 118 160

18 Magnesium as Mg mg/l APHA 22nd EDN-3500,Mg - B 30 15 30 41

19 Iron as Fe mg/l IS : 3025 Part 53-2003 0.3 BDL (<0.05) 0.13 BDL (<0.05)

20 Chemical Oxygen Demand

mg/l IS:3025:Part-58:2006 Not Specified 4.7 BDL(<4) 8.3

S. No

Parameters

Unit

Test method

Limit as per

IS 10500 : 2012

W4 W5 W6

1 Colour Haze

n APHA 22nd EDITION 5 Nil Nil Nil

2 Odour - APHA 22nd EDITION Unobjectionable No Odour Observed

No Odour Observed

No Odour Observed

3 pH at 25°C - IS : 3025 Part 11- 1983 (Reaff: 2002)

6.5-8.5 7.16 7.30 6.66

4 Electrical Conductivity, μS/c

m IS : 3025 Part 14- 1984 (Reaff: 2002)

Not Specified 1186 1390 1012

5 Turbidity NTU IS : 3025 Part 10-1984 (Reaff: 2002)

1 BDL(<0.5) 0.9 BDL(<0.5)

6 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l IS : 3025 Part 16-1984 (Reaff: 2003)

500 675 734 588

7 Total Hardness as CaCO3

mg/l IS : 3025 Part 21-2009 200 320 405 235

8 Total Alkalinity as CaCO3

mg/l IS : 3025 Part 23- 1986(Reaff:2003)

200 410 230 125

9 Chloride as Cl mg/l IS : 3025 Part 32-1988 (Reaff: 2003)

250 139 200 179

10 Sulphate as SO4 mg/l APHA 22nd EDN-4500- SO42- E 200 24 80 30

11 Fluoride as F mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -4500-F B&D 1.0 1.41 0.50 0.49

12 Nitrate as NO3 mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -4500- NO3- B 45 BDL(<1) 28 84

13 Ammonia as N mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -4500- NH3 B&C 0.5 BDL(<0.05) BDL(<0.05) BDL(<0.05)

14 Phosphate as PO4 mg/l IS : 3025 Part 31-1988 (Reaff:2002) Not Specified 0.07 0.01 0.22

15 Sodium as Na mg/l IS : 3025 Part 45-1993 (Reaff:2003) Not Specified 140 110 108

16 Potassium as K mg/l IS : 3025 Part 45-1993 (Reaff:2003) Not Specified 2.9 1 4.5

17 Calcium as Ca mg/l IS : 3025 Part 40-1991 (Reaff:2003)

75 76 88 60

18 Magnesium as Mg mg/l APHA 22nd EDN-3500,Mg - B 30 32 45 21

19 Iron as Fe mg/l IS : 3025 Part 53-2003 0.3 BDL(<0.05) 0.10 BDL(<0.05)

20 Chemical Oxygen Demand

mg/l IS:3025:Part-58:2006 Not Specified BDL(<4) BDL(<4) BDL(<4)

Surface Water

S. NO PARAMETERS UNIT TEST METHOD SW1 SW2

1 Colour Hazen APHA 22nd EDITION 11 4

2 Odour - APHA 22nd EDITION No Odour Observed No Odour Observed

3 pH at 25°C - IS : 3025 Part 11- 1983 (Reaff: 2002) 7.12 7.17

4 Electrical Conductivity, μS/cm IS : 3025 Part 14- 1984 (Reaff: 2002) 624 307

5 Turbidity NTU IS : 3025 Part 10-1984 (Reaff: 2002) 9.2 2.2

6 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l IS : 3025 Part 16-1984 (Reaff: 2003) 358 163

7 Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l IS : 3025 Part 21-1983 (Reaff: 1998) 180 106

8 Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l IS : 3025 Part 23- 1986(Reaff:2003) 312 126

9 Chloride as Cl mg/l IS : 3025 Part 32-1988 (Reaff: 2003) 25 16.6

10 Sulphate as SO4 mg/l APHA 22nd EDN-4500- SO42- E 8 3.4

11 Fluoride as F mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -4500-F B&D 1.07 0.44

12 Nitrate as NO3 mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -4500- NO3- B 1.8 BDL(<1)

13 Ammonia as NH3 mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -4500- NH3 B&C 0.31 0.06

14 Phosphate as PO4 mg/l IS : 3025 Part 31-1988 (Reaff:2002) 0.39 0.02 15 Sodium as Na mg/l IS : 3025 Part 45-1993 (Reaff:2003) 76 22

16 Potassium as K mg/l IS : 3025 Part 45-1993 (Reaff:2003) 2.3 BDL(<1)

17 Calcium as Ca mg/l IS : 3025 Part 40-1991 (Reaff:2003) 14.4 26

18 Magnesium as Mg mg/l APHA 22nd EDITION 35 10

19 Iron as Fe mg/l IS : 3025 Part 53-2003 0.41 0.23

20 Anionic Surfactants as MBAS mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -5540 C BDL(<0.025) BDL(<0.025)

21 Total Suspended Solids mg/l IS : 3025 Part 17-1984 (Reaff: 2002) 16 8

22 Dissolved Oxygen as O2 mg/l IS:3025:Part-38:1989 (Reaff:2003) 6.1 6.7

23 Chemical Oxygen Demand mg/l IS:3025:Part-58:2006 52 22

24 Bio-Chemical Oxygen Demand at 27°C for 3 days

mg/l IS:3025:Part-44:1993 (Reaff:2003) 6.8 2.6

25 Total Coliforms MPN/100ml IS 1622 (1981) (Reaff – 2003) >1600/100ml 546/100ml

26 Faecal Coliforms MPN/100ml IS 1622 (1981)(Reaff – 2003) >1600/100ml 35 /100ml

3.12.3 Observations

Ground Water

The analysis of ground water results indicate that the average pH ranges in between 6.66-

7.82, TDS ranges from 588mg/l - 1327mg/l, Total Hardness ranges from 135mg/l - 570mg/l,

iron content ranges from BDL – 0.13mg/l, nitrate content ranges from BDL – 84mg/l was

observed.

Surface Water

The analysis of Surface water results indicate that the average pH ranges in between 4–11 ,

TDS ranges from 163mg/l - 358mg/l, Total Hardness ranges from 106mg/l - 180mg/l, DO

ranges from 6.1mg/l – 6.7mg/l was observed.

3.13 Soil Environment

3.13.1 Soil analysis

The present study of the soiltively quality establishes the baseline characteristics and this will

help in future in identifying the incremental concentrations if any, due to the operation of the

proposed Project. The sampling locations have been identified with the following objectives;

• To determine the baseline soil characteristics of the study area and

• To determine the impact of proposed project on soil characteristics

Five locations within the study area were selected for soil sampling. At each location, soil

samples were collected from three different depths viz., 30 cm, 60 cm and 100 cm below the

surface. The samples were analyzed for physical and chemical characteristics. The details of

the soil sampling location are presented in Table 3.15and shown in Figure 3.14. The results

are presented in Table 3.16 and compared with Standard Soil Classification presented in

Table 3.17.

90

Table 3.15 - Soil Sampling Locations

Location Code Location Geographical

Location

Direction with the respect to project

site

Distance with respect to project

site in km

S1 Project Site N-08º49’49.93”

E-77º44’41.10” - -

S2 Gangaikondan N-08º51’36.12”

E-77º46’22.65” NE 4.46

S3 Pallikottai N-08º51’36.26”

E-77º42’48.39” NW 4.76

S4 Thalaiyuthu N-08º47’33.77”

E-77º43’23.64” SSW 4.83

S5 Alangaraperi N-08º43’23.26”

E-77º46’32.93” SE 4.31

S6 Thenkalam N-08º49’15.34”

E-77º41’59.05” WSW 5.11

S7 Palamadai N-08º47’29.00”

E-77º45’32.36” SSE 4.62

91

Figure – 3.14 Map showing the location soil sampling stations

92

Presentation of Results

The results of the soil analysis are tabulated in Table 3.16. Standard soil classification is given in Table 3.17.

Table 3.16 - Soil Quality Results

S.

No

Parameters S1 S2 S3 S4

S5

S6

S7

1 pH 7.78 8.41 8.25 8.01 8.62 7.81 8.14

2 Electrical conductivity, mS/cm 0.096 0.174 0.245 0.336 0.411 0.112 0.246

3 Available Nitrogen, mg/kg 21.4 30.2 41.4 18.6 33.8 36.8 25.4

4 Available Phosphorous, mg/kg 45.8 63.4 112.3 63.7 85.6 95.4 62.4

5 Available Potassium, mg/kg 205 311 252 275 302 172 227

6 Exchangeable Calcium as Ca, m.eq / 100g 4.78 6.78 7.05 8.08/ 6.65 5.84 6.17

7 Exchangeable Magnesium as Mg, m.eq/100g 3.36 3.11 4.36 3.03 3.58 3.25 3.76

8 Exchangeable Sodium as Na, m.eq / 100g 0.42 0.74 0.93 0.81 1.22 0.57 1.01

9 Organic Matter (%) 0.68 0.91 0.83 1.02 0.74 0.56 0.77

10 Texture Classification Sandy Clay Loam Clay Clay Clay Sandy Clay Sandy Clay

Loam Sandy Clay

93

TABLE 3.17 - Standard Soil Classification

Chemical Parameters

Ranking Very Low Low Moderate High Very High

pH <4, very Strongly Acidic

4-5, Strongly Acidic

5-8, Ideal for Plant Growth

8-9 Strongly Basic >9 Very Strongly Basic

Electrical conductivity (μS/cm)

<2000, Non saline

2000-4000 Saline

4000-8000 Moderately Saline

8000-16000 Highly Saline

>16000 Extremely Saline

Total Nitrogen (%) <0.05 Very Low

0.05-0.15 Low 0.15-0.25 Moderate

0.25-0.5 High >0.5 Very High

Total Phosphorous (mg/kg)

<5 Very Low

5-10 Low

10-30 Moderate 30-60 High >60 Very High

Sodium (mg/kg)

- <200 Non Sodic 200-500 Moderate >500 Sodic

Potassium (mg/kg)

- <150 Low 150-250 Moderate

250-800 High >800 Very High

Calcium (mg/kg)

- <1000 Low

1000-2000 Moderate

>2000 High -

11 Sand (%) 53.7 36.2 39.2 28.8 51.7 56.8 42.3

12 Clay (%) 23.8 44.7 41.3 45.6 37.2 27.5 36.4

13 Silt (%) 22.5 19.1 19.5 25.6 11.1 15.7 21.3

94

Chemical

Parameters Ranking

Very Low Low Moderate High Very High Magnesium (mg/kg)

<40 Very Low 40-100 Low

100-300 Moderate >300 High -

% Organic Matter 0.5-1.0 Very Low

1.0-2.0 Low

2.0-3.0 Moderate 3.0-5.0 High >5 Very High

Observation

The soil results were compared with soil standards. It has been observed that the pH of the soil was ranging from 7.78 to 1.62 indicating the

soils are basic in nature. Conductivity of the soil ranges from 0.096 to 0.411 mS/cm. Since the EC value is less than 2000 µS/cm, the soil is

said to be Non saline in nature.

Texture of the soil sample is predominantly loam. Soil organic content varied from 0.56 to 1.02% which indicates the very low level of

organic matter.

The available nitrogen content ranges between 18.6 to 41.4mg/kg in the locality and the value of phosphorus content varies between 45.8 to

112.3mg/kg. This indicates that the soil have very high quantities of Nitrogen and Phosphorus.

The potassium content varies from 172 to 311mg/kg which indicates that the soils have high quantities of potassium.

From the above observations it was found that the soil in the Study area shows moderate fertility.

3.14 Ecological Environment

Flora and fauna studies were conducted to assess the existing floral and faunal composition of the area.

3.14.1 Objectives of Ecological Studies

The present study was undertaken with the objective of understanding the ecosystem on the following lines:

95

• To assess the nature and distribution of vegetation in and around proposed

project site; and

• To assess the distribution of animal life spectra

3.14.2 Methodology Adopted for the Study

Assessment of the existing vegetation types in the core and buffer zones has been done using

standard procedures. The terrain of the impact zone is chiefly plain.

The Biodiversity studies were already carried out in the entire study area of 10 km radius.

The study of flora is conducted as per the guidelines of the Ministry of Environment and

Forests, Government of India, with respect to the scope and objectives. The study involved in

collection of primary data by conducting survey in the field, examination of floral and faunal

records in previously published reports and records, and analysis of the information in view

of the possible alteration in environment of the proposed project site. For the survey of fauna

both direct and indirect observation methods were used.

3.14.3 Flora in the Study Area

The list of flora observed in the buffer zone is given below:

Table 3.18 – List of Flora observed in the study area

S.No. Botanical Name Local Name

1. Mangifera indica Maa

2. Ixora coccinea Idlipoo

3. Aegle marmelos Vilvam

4. Pongamia glabra Vent Pungam

5. Psidium guajava Koyya

6. Azadirachta indica Vembu

7. Annona squamosa Pangiee

8. Bambusa arundinacae Mungil

9. Albizia amara Usilai

96

3.14.3 Fauna in the study area

Field studies are conducted to assess fauna in the study area. List of animals present in the

study area are given below:

Table 3.19 – List of Fauna observed in the study area

Environmental Sensitivity

As per MoEF guideline, 10 Km radius from the project site is considered as study area for

evaluating environmental sensitivity. The description of the environmental sensitivity of the

proposed site is given below;

National Parks and Wild Life Sanctuaries

There is no wild life sanctuary, national park or bird sanctuary with in the 15 km radius of the

project site.

Reserve Forests

S.No. Common Name Zoological

Family/Order

1. Cat Felis catus

2. Dog Cannis familiaris

3. Frog Cannis vulpes

4. Goat Capra hircus

5. Mouse Rodentia muridae

6. Squirrel Rodentia sciurus

7. Crow Corvous corone

8. Sparrow Ploceidae passer

9. Buffalo Bison bonasus

10. Lizard Sauria lacertidae

97

List of the reserve forests along with distance and direction with respect to the project site is

given in Table 3.20.

Table 3.20 - Reserve Forests within 10 Km Radius of the Project Site

S.No. Name of Reserve

Forest Distance

Direction wrt Project

site

1. Gangaikondan RF 91 Metres East

2. Thalaiyuthu RF 919 Metres West

3. Melpattam RF 6.6 Km South

Airport

The Tuticorin airport in Chennai is situated at a distance of 33.55 Km (SW) from the project

site. Proposed site is not falling in Aviation path.

Archaeological protected sites

There are no archaeological protected sites falling within the 10km radius of the proposed

site.

3.15 Socio-Economic Environment

The assessment of socio economic environment forms an integral part of an EIA study. Socio

-Economic status of the population is an indicator for the development of the region. Any

developmental project of any magnitude will have a bearing on the living conditions and on

the economic base of population in particular and the region as a whole. Similarly, the

proposed activities will have its share of socio-economic influence in the study area. The

section delineates the overall appraisal of society relevant attributes. The data collection for

evaluation of impact of proposed project on socioeconomic aspects in the study area has been

done through primary household survey and through the analysis of secondary data available

for study area.

3.15.1 Methodology

The methodology adopted in assessment of socio-economic condition is as given below;

98

• To assess Socio-Economic conditions of the Population

• Analysis of the identified social attributes like population distribution,

availability of public utilities etc., through Census of India 2011

• Primary household survey to assess the present status of population of the study

area

3.15.2 Sources of Information

As per the scope of this study, the information on socio-economic aspects has been gathered

and compiled from several secondary sources. These include Taluk Office, Collectorate,

Agriculture Department, Irrigation Department, Central Ground Water Board, Directorate of

Census Operation, Tamil Nadu etc. The demographic data has mainly been compiled from

the Census of India 2011. The socio-economic details are briefly described in following

sections.

This section includes the present status of the Socio-Economic Environment in the study area.

To determine the baseline socio-economic pattern, at and around the project site, the required

data have been obtained from the published data. Socio-economic base line data were

collected for the following indicators:

• Demographic Structure

• Economic Structure

• Availability of Basic Amenities

The major demographic and economic structure of the study area are classified into

population, literacy rate and workers details.

3.15.3 Settlement Pattern

The proposed project site is at Gangaikondan village, Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu. The

area within 10 km radius from the proposed area has been considered as study area.

3.15.3.1 Population

According to the 2011 census, Tirunelveli district has a population of 30,77,233. The district

has a population density 460 people per square kilometer. Its population growth rate over the

decade 2001-2011 was 12.97%. Tirunelveli has a sex ratio of 1023 females for every 1000

males and a literacy of 82.50 %.

99

3.15.3.2Demography

Almost all villages in the study area are experiencing a rapid growth of population, which

may be due to the process of urbanization and industrialization. According to 2011 census,

Tirunelveli district had a population of 30,77,233. With a sex-ratio of 1023 females for every

1,000 males. A total of 3,21,687 were under the age of six, constituting 1,64,157 males and

1,57,530 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 5,69,714 and 10,270

of the population respectively. Average literacy rate of Tirunelveli in 2011 were 82.50

compared to 76.09 of 2001. The district had a total of 8,15,528 households. There were a

total of 12,71,407 main workers, comprising 1,07,943 main cultivators, 3,21,083 main

agricultural laborer’s, 6,26,714 other workers, 1,65,047 marginal workers, 7,772 marginal

cultivators, 58,680 marginal agricultural laborers. The district has a population density of 460

inhabitants per square kilometer.

3.15.3.3 Distribution of Population

The distribution of population in the study area is given in Table 3.21.

Table 3.21- Distribution of population in the study area

Particulars Study

Area

No. of Households 19,111

Male Population 35,476

Female Population 35,672

Total Population 71,148

Average Household Size 3.72

Sex ratio 1005

The males and females constitute about 49.86% and 50.13% respectively of the total

population in the study area.

3.15.3.4 Average Household Size

The study area had a family size of 3.72 as per census records. This lower family size could

be attributed to a high degree of urbanization with migration of people with higher literacy

100

levels who generally opt for smaller family size with family welfare measures and also due to

the prevalence of single member families, a common phenomenon in mining and industrial

areas.

3.15.3.5 Sex Ratio

The configuration of male and female indicates that the males constituted about 51.15%

population while the females worked out to be 48.84% of the population. The sex ratio i.e.

the number of females per 1000 males, which indirectly reveals certain sociological aspects

in relation with female births, infant mortality among female children and single person

family structure, a resultant of migration of industrial workers, was found at 1005.

3.15.3.6 Social Structure

Census records show that about 25.29% of the population belonged to Scheduled Castes (SC)

and 0.15% to Scheduled Tribes (ST). This indicates that the weaker section people work out

to about 25.45% of the total population and the remaining 74.54% people belong to Other

Backward Castes and forward castes. The distribution of population by social structure in the

study area is presented in Table 3.22.

Table 3.22 - Distribution of Population by Social Structure

S.

No. Particulars Study Area

1 Scheduled Castes 18,000

2 % to total population 25.29

3 Scheduled Tribes 109

4 % to total population 0.15

5 Total SC and ST 18,109

6 % to total population 25.45

7 Other Castes 53,039

8 % to total population 74.54

3.15.3.7 Literacy Levels

The distribution of literate and literacy rate in the study area is given in Table 3.23.

101

Table 3.23 - Distribution of Literate and Literacy Rates

S. No. Particulars Study

Area

1 Total literate 52,012

2 Average literacy (%) 73.10

3 Total illiterates 19,136

4 Average illiteracy

(%) 26.89

The literacy rate works out to 73.10%. The rate of illiteracy was observed to be 26.89% in the

study area. This indicates a major sociological development in the region. This can be

attributed to the Tamil Nadu Government's literacy improvement schemes.

3.15.3.8 Occupational Structure

The occupational structure of residents in the study area is studied with reference to main

workers and non-workers. The main workers include 10 categories of workers defined by the

Census Department consisting of cultivators, agricultural labourers, those engaged in live-

stock, forestry, fishing, mining and quarrying; manufacturing, processing and repairs in

household industry; and other than household industry, construction, trade and commerce,

transport and communication and other services. As per census records altogether the

workers works out to be 43.86% of the total population. The occupational structure of the

study area is given in Table 3.24.

Table 3.24 - Occupational Structure

S. No. Occupation

Study Area

No. % to

Population

1 Total workers 31,210 43.86

2 Total non-workers 39,938 56.13

102

3.15.4 Availability of Infrastructure

Availability of infrastructure and facilities denote the level of overall development in the

study area. The list of industries, schools, colleges and hospitals located near the study area

are given below:

Industries

• Elcot IT Park

• Alliance Tire Group

• M/s.BOSCH Limited.

• M/s.Ramco Industries Ltd.

• M/s.South India Bottling Company Pvt Ltd.

• India Cements Limited

Institutions

• Sankar Polytehnic College

• Tamirabarani Engineering College

• Sri Jayendra Golden Jubilee School

Tourist & Pilgrim

• Fire Flame Church

• St. Luke Church

• St. Theresa’s Church

• Chepparai Natarajar Temple

103

CHAPTER 4

ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION

MEASURES

4.1 INTRODUCTION

Prediction of impacts aims to identify the adverse impacts on environmental quality during each

stage of project development & provide adequate mitigation measures for the same. Such

predictions are superimposed over the baseline status of environmental quality to derive the

ultimate scenario of environmental conditions. This chapter identifies and appraises various

impacts likely to arise upon commencement of LPG bottling in the “Tirunelveli BP”.

The environmental impacts on air, water, soil, noise and socio-economic conditions are

systematically examined and evaluated. The details on impact of the project activity on each of

the above environmental attributes are discussed below.

4.2 IMPACTS DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE

The current proposal has been submitted to Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change

for issuance of Environmental Clearance for Tirunelveli BP. The unit has obtained Consent

Orders from Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board for setting up the facility.

Hence the identification of impacts & suggestion of mitigation measures has been restricted

to the Operation Phase of the project.

4.3 IMPACTS DURING OPERATION PHASE

Upon obtaining environmental clearance for the present proposal the throughput of LPG will be

1,20,000MTPA through 2 LPG Filling Stations / Carousels.. Potential impacts of the project

during Operation Phase have been assessed through Leopold Matrix.

104

Table 4.1 Impact prediction matrix – Operation Phase

S. No. Environmental Attributes

Developmental Activities 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Operation Phase

Tran

spor

tatio

n of

raw

m

ater

ials

Stor

age

and

hand

ling

of

raw

mat

eria

ls

Ove

rall

man

ufac

turin

g pr

oces

s (LP

G p

rodu

ctio

n)

Com

bust

ion

of F

ossi

l Fu

els

Wat

er A

bstra

ctio

n

Was

tew

ater

gen

erat

ion

&

Dis

posa

l

Gen

erat

ion

& D

ispo

sal o

f M

unic

ipal

Sol

id W

aste

Gen

erat

ion

and

Dis

posa

l of

Haz

ardo

us S

olid

Was

tes

Gre

en B

elt D

evel

opm

ent

Stor

m w

ater

dra

in

deve

lopm

ent &

rain

wat

er

harv

estin

g

Empl

oym

ent

1 Topography O O O O O O O O SB SB NA 2 Drainage O O O O O O O O SB SB NA 3 Hydrogeology O O O O O O O O SB SB NA 4 Ground water quality O a O O O a /M A /M SA /M SB SB NA 5 Surface water quality O O O O O O O O O O NA 6 Air Quality A/M a a A /M NA a a a SB NA NA

7 Noise Level A/M O a A /M NA NA NA NA SB NA NA 8 Vibration Level A/M O a A /M NA NA NA NA SB NA NA 9 Soil Quality O a O O O a /M a SA /M SB SB NA

10 Terrestrial Flora O O O O O O O O SB O NA 11 Terrestrial Fauna O O O O O O O O SB O NA 12 Aquatic Ecology NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

13 Land Use O O O O O O O O SB SB NA 14 Socio-Economic O O SB O O O O O O O SB

105

S. No. Environmental Attributes

Developmental Activities 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Operation Phase

Tran

spor

tatio

n of

raw

m

ater

ials

Stor

age

and

hand

ling

of

raw

mat

eria

ls

Ove

rall

man

ufac

turin

g pr

oces

s (LP

G p

rodu

ctio

n)

Com

bust

ion

of F

ossi

l Fu

els

Wat

er A

bstra

ctio

n

Was

tew

ater

gen

erat

ion

&

Dis

posa

l

Gen

erat

ion

& D

ispo

sal o

f M

unic

ipal

Sol

id W

aste

Gen

erat

ion

and

Dis

posa

l of

Haz

ardo

us S

olid

Was

tes

Gre

en B

elt D

evel

opm

ent

Stor

m w

ater

dra

in

deve

lopm

ent

Empl

oym

ent

15 Risk to Public Health & Safety SA / M SA / M SA / M O NA O O A / M O NA NA 16 Occupational Health & Safety SA / M SA / M SA / M O NA O O A / M O NA NA 17 Traffic A NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

1. A = Adverse impact; 2. M = mitigation measure planned for adverse impact; 3. a = small adverse impact; 4. O = no anticipated impact; 5. NA = environmental factor not applicable; 6. SA = significant adverse impact; 7. b = small beneficial impact; 8. B = beneficial impact; 9. SB = significant beneficial impact

106

4.3.1 IMPACT ON AMBIENT AIR ENVIRONMENT

LPG will be transported through bullet trucks (from M/s IPPL) through roadways to the Bottling

Plant. On an average, around 16 bullet trucks and 60 vendor trucks will arrive / depart once the

bottling operation commences. The spread of fugitive emissions will be minimized through

avenue plantation along the entrance (already in place).

No emissions are generated during the operations as the entire bottling process is carried out

through pipelines from Storage Area to Filling Shed. The only point sources of emissions are

D.G sets & Fire Engines. They have been fitted with stacks of adequate height to disperse the

pollutants. Fugitive VOC emissions from cylinder filling & storage area will be drawn through

Vapour Extraction Unit & diverted to Cold Flare stack to disperse VOCs.

Table 4.2 Existing APC measures

S. No. Source of Emission Control

Measure Material of Construction

Top Diameter (m)

Height above GL (m)

1 750kVA D.G set & 250kVA D.G set Stack MS Pipe 12” & 6” 13.5

2 Fire engines (3 nos. of 615 cu.m/hr) Stack MS Pipe 6” 11

4.3.2 IMPACT ON WATER ENVIRONMENT

4.3.2.1 RAW WATER CONSUMPTION

Total water requirement for the plant is 4KLD which is sourced through SIPCOT Industrial

Growth Centre, Gangaikondan village. There is no requirement for drawal of surface /

groundwater or diversion from other sources.

4.3.2.2 DOMESTIC SEWAGE GENERATION & DISPOSAL

Domestic sewage generated will be disposed to septic tank & soak pits (3 nos.) of 2m x 1.5m x

1.5m each.

4.3.2.3 EFFLUENT GENERATION & DISPOSAL

Wastewater generated from cylinder washing will be primarily dirty water with suspended

solids. After sedimentation, this water will be reused for cylinder washing. Washing water

generated from cylinder washing will be diverted to sedimentation traps fitted with separator &

107

purified water will be reused for cylinder washing. The dimension of the sump is 5m x 2.5m x

1.5m. There will be no process / trade effluent generated during operations.

4.3.3 IMPACT ON AMBIENT NOISE ENVIRONMENT

The only source of noise within the Bottling Plant during D.G set operation. DG sets are placed

within acoustic enclosures. 33% of the plot area has been earmarked for greenbelt to contain the

spread of noise emissions.

4.3.4 IMPACT ON LAND ENVIRONMENT

The Bottling Plant is located in the SIPCOT Industrial Growth Centre and the proposed activities

(LPG bottling) will be consistent with the landuse classification of the site (industrial land).

4.3.5 IMPACT ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

There is an urgent requirement of setting up a new LPG Bottling Plant in the state of Tamil Nadu

to meet the increasing LPG demand. Presently, there are no IOCL bottling plants in down south

of Madurai, i.e. in the districts of Tirunelveli, Tuticorin, Kanyakumari and Nagercoil.

There is market backlog for LPG refills at times during monsoon season and festival seasons. In

order to overcome this problem, a bottling plant is very much necessary to be established in

Tirunelveli to cater to the customers in the above districts so that there would not be a shortfall in

supplies and customers will not suffer for LPG refills on any account.

Tirunelveli LPG BP shall be feeding this essential commodity (domestic LPG) not only to

Tirunelveli District, but also other neighboring Districts of Tuticorin, Nagercoil,

Kanniyakumari, Virudunagar in Tamil Nadu and Trivandrum, Kerala State.

108

CHAPTER 5

ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES (TECHNOLOGY & SITE)

5.1 SITE SELECTION CRITERIA

The reasons favorable to setting up the Indane Bottling Plant at SIPCOT, Gangaikondan village

are,

1. The Plant is located in the SIPCOT Industrial Growth Centre hence basic infrastructure

of roads, power, water etc. is readily available.

2. Presently, there are no IOCL bottling plants in down south of Madurai, i.e. in the districts

of Tirunelveli, Tuticorin, Kanyakumari and Nagercoil. Hence this plant can cater to the

demands of the above districts and Trivandram, Kerala.

3. There is an estimated saving of Rs. 14.48 Crores/annum towards logistic cost.

4. The site is located near high demand area.

5. There is no likelihood of any residentialdevelopment in the vicinity of the Plant.

6. Possible mutual aid in emergency will be available in the Industrial Area.

7. There is potential for future growth in. demand

8. Adequate availability of land within the existing Bottling Plant for future expansion.

Owing to the various advantages listed above, SIPCOT Industrial Growth Centre,

Gangaikondan was chosen and no alternative sites were considered.

5.2 TECHNOLOGY SELECTION CRITERIA

5.2.1 MOUNDED BULLETS

Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) handling has many challenges due to its inherent dangerous

properties. Some of the major fires/explosions have underlined the need for total in depth review

of design, procedures maintenance fire fighting and safety aspects in LPG handling. The

conventional method of storage of LPG in India is in a pressurised vessel installed aboveground.

The mounded storage of LPG has proved to be safer compared to above ground storage vessels

since it provides intrinsically passive and safe environment and eliminates the possibility of

Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion (BLEVE). The cover of the mound protects the

vessel from fire engulfment, radiation from a fire in close proximity and acts of sabotage or

109

vandalism. The area of land required to locate a mounded system is minimal compared to

conventional storage.

Mounded tanks are semi-conventional pressure vessels, covered by a layer of sand and stone

aggregates. The cover of the mound protects the vessel from fire engulfment, radiation from a

fire in close proximity and acts of sabotage or vandalism.

MOC for Bullets : MS - IS 2041/2062 Fr Steel Plates.

The dimensions of the mound are 9.11m (H) & 50m (L) x 64m (B).

Excavation up to a depth of 0.75 M is done for construction of mounded bullet

foundation (Below FGL).

Bullets are fabricated at site and positioned on sand bed

Total quantity of sand required is approximately 16,500 cu.m.

i. SAFETY ASPECTS

• The mounded storage of LPG has proved to be safer compared to above ground storage

vessels since it provides intrinsically passive and safe environment and eliminates the

possibility of Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion (BLEVE).

• The cover of the mound protects the vessel from fire engulfment, radiation from a fire in

close proximity and acts of sabotage or vandalism.

• Mounded vessel(s) placed on a firm foundation will not suffer from flotation. Thus mounded

tanks have the advantage over underground LPG tanks, which require protection against

possible floatation.

• Mounding allows safety distances around the facility to be considerably reduced, compared

to an equivalent unprotected design.

• 1000 micron PU Paint (Poly Urethane) is painted on bullet surface.

• Cathodic Protection (CP) through sacrificial anode method is provided for all the three

bullets for their corrosion protection.

• LPG tanks are totally protected from all weather conditions.

110

ii. ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS

• Large volume of water required for the fire systems of conventional storage are eliminated

thus reducing the demand on valuable water sources, and problems associated with the

drainage and disposal of the water.

• The extra cost associated with a mounded system is offset by the lower cost of the land

required, and the virtual exclusion of fire fighting systems.

• Mounded LPG gas tanks can be landscaped to blend with the environment.

111

CHAPTER 6

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM

The main objective of environmental monitoring program is to check the efficiency of the EMP

(Environmental Management Plan) and mitigation measures implementation and take corrective

action needed. A well defined environmental monitoring program would be followed for the

proposed project. It would be ensured that trained and qualified staff supervises the monitoring

of ambient air, stack gases, effluents, noise etc. to see that prescribed standards laid down are

obtained.

Table 6.1 Environmental Monitoring Program – Operation Phase

S. No Potential Impact

Action to be Followed Parameters for Monitoring

Frequency of Monitoring

1. Air Emissions

Emissions from D.G sets & Fire Engines.

Gaseous emissions (SPM, SO2, NOX,CO)

As per CPCB/SPCB requirement

AAQ within the project premises and nearby habitations to be monitored. All vehicles to be PUC certified.

PM10&PM2.5, SO2& NOX Vehicle logs to be maintained

As per CPCB/SPCB requirement

Meteorological data Wind speed, direction, temperature, relative humidity and rainfall.

Continuous monitoring using automatic weather station

2. Noise Noise generated from operation of Compressor, DG sets to be monitored.

Spot Noise Level recording;

Periodic during operation phase

3. Wastewater Discharge

No industrial or domestic waste water is discharged, hence no monitoring program is envisaged.

-------

--------

4. Solid waste/ Hazardous waste

Check compliance to HWM rules

Quality & quantity monitoring

Periodically

112

5. Ground Water Quality and Water Levels

Monitoring ground water quality, around plant site and levels

Comprehensive monitoring as per IS 10500 Groundwater level BGL

Periodically

6. Flora and fauna

Vegetation, greenbelt / green cover development

No. of plants, species Once a year

7. Soil quality Checking & Maintenance of good soil quality around

Physico-chemical parameters and metals.

Once a year

8. Health Employees and migrant labours health check up.

All relevant parameters including HIV

Regular checkups as per Factories Act.

6.1 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY

The ambient air quality shall be monitored for PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOx and frequency of

monitoring shall be as per Terms of Reference (TOR) Guidelines and the results shall be

compared with the CPCB norms.

Table 6.2: Method of Testing PM10/PM2.5

Name of Pollutant PM10/PM2.5

Instrument Respirable Dust Sampler (RDS) Duration 24 Hourly Basis

Mode Continuous Unit μg/m3

Method EPA - 40 CFR (PART-50)

Table 6.3: Method of Testing SO2

Name of Pollutants Sulphur Dioxide

Frequency 24 Hourly Basis Mode Continuous

Unit μg/m3

Method Modified West & Geake Method

113

Table 6.4: Method of Testing NOX

Name of Pollutants Oxides of Nitrogen

Frequency 24 Hourly Basis Mode Continuous

Unit μg/m3

Method Modified Jacob & Hochheiser Modified

114

CHAPTER 7

RISK ASSESSMENT STUDY

7.1 BRIEF SUMMARY OF RISK ASSESSMENT STUDY

• Good Engineering design in the equipment locations, Maintenance area, Emergency Exit

Ways, Assembly areas and other risk mitigation measures are well planned and constructed

in the plant.

• All the possible risks are taken into account and analyzed and mitigation measures have been

implemented for the proposed project.

• Fire Fighting and Protection systems are well planned to mitigate the fire emergency

situations.

• Fire fighting vehicle access is available outside the compound wall as the plant is surrounded

by three side road access and one side vacant land.

• Risk involved in the offsite also considered and safety distances have been well defined and

adequate distances have been allocated as per the Static and Mobile Pressure Vessels Rules

requirements.

• Minimum Safety distances (87 meters ) between Truck unloading bay to the Mounded

storage bullet pipe manifold area is well maintained. Risk Analysis, Pool fire model results

Red Zone is about 51 meters .Hence adequate space is available in the plant for fire fighting

with safe distances.

• LPG Truck Unloading Shed shall be provided with proper drain systems to prevent

stagnation of LPG Liquid causing Unconfined vapor cloud Explosion.

• LPG pump house monorail resting on the steel columns of the roof adequate structural

stability shall be ensured.

• Vapor line to the mounded storages requires proper rigid support .

• Mounded storage manifold pipes shall be properly clamped with rigid supports.

• Emergency Access road from Cylinder filling shed to Emergency gate to be provided .

• TLD – Bay number 7, Water spray nozzle to be fixed 5 inch away from the bay so that

damage could be prevented.

115

• Wooden packing is used in the LPG main Pipe line from the mounded storage shall be

removed

The complete RA study report has been enclosed as Annexure 6. Recommendations of RA

study are detailed in the following table.

116

7.2 RECOMMENDATIONS OF RISK ASSESSMENT STUDY

Table 7.1 Recommendations of Risk Assessment Study

Sl no Recommendations

1) As per the Risk contour map for the LPG relief from SRV is to be considered as a major accident with the jet fire radiation distance

of 150 Meters from the storages and hence Necessary onsite mock drill to be planned and conducted periodically.

2) Effectiveness of the Fire and Explosion mitigation measures shall be periodically measured , recorded and reviewed.

3) Necessary first aid measures to be adopted and followed for the persons who affected during fire / explosion emergency situations as

a life saving measure in the site itself.

4) LPG Truck Unloading Shed Slope Shall be maintained in such a way that LPG Liquid causing Unconfined vapor cloud Explosion

will be drained outside the periphery of the Trucks.

5) LPG pump house monorail resting on the steel columns of the roof system -adequate structural stability shall be ensured.

6) Vapor line to the mounded storages requires proper rigid support.

7) Mounded storage manifold pipes shall be properly clamped with rigid supports.

8) Emergency Access road from Cylinder filling shed to Emergency gate to be provided

9) Wooden packing is used in the LPG main Pipe line from the mounded storage shall be removed

10) TLD - Bay number 7, Water spry nozzle to be fixed 5 inch away from the bay so that damage could be Prevented.

11) As the Fire & Explosion Index for the Facility is Severe in the calculations , necessary Fire and Explosion protection measures shall

always be ensured.

12) Offsite mock drill have to be conducted in consultation with district DRO and Directorate of Industrial Safety and Health ( DISH )

Tamilnadu.

117

CHAPTER 8

PROJECT BENEFITS

8.1 INTRODUCTION The present demand for packed LPG in Tamil Nadu is 1065 TMT as against the rated bottling

capacity of 909 TMTPA as on 1st April 2015 a thereby deficit of 156 TMTPA. Demand is

growing at 7% per annum. MOP&NG has mandated coverage of 75% population with LPG

connection by the year 2014-15 including LPG connection in rural markets under RGGLV

Scheme. The packed LPG demand projections in the State of Tamil Nadu are estimated to be

1396 TMTPA by the year 2019-20. Even after exhausting the available possibilities of additional

capacity generation of 60 TPTMA in the existing LPG Bottling Plants in Tamil Nadu, the

available LPG capacity would not be sufficient to meet the increased demand of 1065 TMT

during the year 2015-16. Therefore there is a requirement of setting up a new LPG Bottling Plant

in the state of Tamil Nadu.

8.2 DIRECT BENEFITS

• Presently, there are no IOCL bottling plants in down south of Madurai, i.e. in the districts

of Tirunelveli, Tuticorin, Kanyakumari and Nagercoil. There is a backlog at times during

monsoon season and festival seasons. In order to overcome this problem, a bottling plant

is very much necessary to be established in Tirunelveli to cater to the customers in the

above districts so that there would not be a shortfall in supplies and customers will not be

affected on any account.

• Tirunelveli LPG BP shall be feeding this essential commodity (domestic LPG) not only

to Tirunelveli District, but also other neighboring Districts of Tuticorin, Nagercoil,

Kanyakumari, Virudunagar in Tamil Nadu and Trivandrum, Kerala State.

• Improves the quality of life by overcoming the health implications arising due to the use

biomass fuel like wood, dung and crop residues.

• The overhead costs incurred during LPG cylinder transport through roads (trucks) from

Madurai will be eliminated.

• There is an estimated saving of Rs. 14.48 Crores/annum to the nation towards logistic

cost.

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8.3 INDIRECT BENEFITS

• Decreased movement of trucks conveying LPG cylinders from Madurai to southern

district will have a direct impact on the ambient air quality (i.e. fugitive emissions will be

eliminated) & the existing traffic scenario.

8.4 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

List of CSR activities that will be taken up by M/s IOCL as a part of CSR are,

Timeframe (year) Activity

2015-16

Construction of Toilet Facility for Government Girls High School, Gangaikondan village at a cost of Rs 7.5 lacs

2015-16

School students sitting benches and desks for Gangaikondan village at a cost of Rs. 7.0 Lacs

2016-17

Construction of bore well and pipeline facility Chirancherry village at cost of Rs. 9.5 Lacs

2016-17. Provision of RO plant at Uraiyur village at a cost of Rs 9.5 Lac in

2017-18

Renovation of of Toilet Facility for Government High School, Chirancherry village at a cost of Rs 8.0 lacs

Total 42 lakhs (0.5% of project cost)

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CHAPTER 9

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

9.1 INTRODUCTION

EMP has been prepared taking into account the mitigation measures in order to synchronize the

economic development of the study area with the environmental protection of the region. In

accordance with the proposal submitted for obtaining fresh Environmental Clearance for the

existing bulk LPG storage (1800MT) and the LPG throughput of 1,20,000MTPA through 2 LPG

Filling Stations / Carousels, the EMP has been described only for Operation Phase of the project.

9.2 MANAGEMENT DURING OPERATION PHASE

9.2.1 AIR ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT

No emissions are generated during the operations as the entire bottling process is carried out

through pipelines from Storage Area to Filling Shed. The only point sources of emissions are

D.G sets & Fire Engines.

A. POINT SOURCES OF EMISSIONS

i. D.G sets – 1 x 750 kVA & 1 x 250 kVA

ii. Fire engine – 3 nos.

Fitted with stacks of adequate height to disperse the pollutants.

B. NON-POINT SOURCES OF EMISSIONS

i. Bullet trucks

ii. Vendor trucks

Adequate green belt has been developed to mitigate the pollution arising due to movement

of vehicles. Regular monitoring of DG – Stack and Ambient air quality monitoring will be

carried out.

9.2.2 WATER ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT

Sewage generated will be disposed through septic tanks & soak pits. Washing water generated

from cylinder washing will be diverted to sedimentation traps fitted with oil separator & clarified

water will be reused for cylinder washing.

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9.2.3 NOISE ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT

All noise generating equipment’s like LPG compressor, DG-Sets etc., will be provided with

acoustic enclosure to help in attenuating the noise levels thereby the ambient noise levels will be

maintained below the CPCB limits of 75 dB(A) for industrial areas.

9.2.4 SOLID & HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT

Municipal Solid waste generated onsite will be disposed will be disposed through local village

body. Damaged cylinders and scraps will be sold to local scrap dealers. Spent oil generated will

be disposed through TNPCB Authorized recyclers.

9.2.5 RAINWATER & STORM WATER DRAINAGE NETWORK

Rain water harvesting system for Tirunelveli LPG Project has been designed to utilize the Under-

ground water system sustainably. Keeping in mind the depleting Water Table across the country,

storm water drains has been engineered in such a way that rain water can be collected into two

rain water harvesting tanks placed at strategic locations so that underground water can be

recharged and underground water table can be maintained.

Sizes of rain water harvesting tanks are 2.5 mtr in diameter with depth of 5 mtrs and have been

filled with brick bats to collect the water in case of heavy rain. Since much of the plant area

including Truck Parking area has been covered with RCC Roads and Bitumen roads, Drains have

been maintained to collect the storm water & rain water and using the natural slope of Plant,

waters will be collected to Rain water Harvesting Tank. Size of rain water harvesting tanks: - 2.5

mtr in diameter with depth of 5 mtrs. The total cost of rain water harvesting system is Rs.25.0

Lacs. Excluding the cost of drains.

9.2.6 GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT

Green belt is being developed at 33% of total plot area. List of plants and the number of

samplings planted are given in the below table.

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Table 9.2 Details on greenbelt plantation

S. No. List of tree saplings Nos. 1 Neem Tree 230 2 Flame of the forest 210 3 Cassia Fistula 535 4 Samaneasaman 100 5 Teak 105 6 Indian Almond 150 7 Pongamiapinnata 340

Total 1670

Figure 9.1 Avenue Plantation at entrance

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Figure 9.2 Greenbelt around Administrative Building

9.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CELL

Environment Management Cell (EMC) will look after the environment related matters during the

operation phase of the project. EMC will perform the following assignments.

• Periodic monitoring of GMS and report any abnormalities for immediate corrective

measures.

• Periodic monitoring of ambient air quality, ground and surface water quality.

• Periodic noise monitoring of the building zone and surrounding area.

• Regular monitoring of storm water drains.

• Green belt plantation, maintenance, development of other forms of greenery.

• Regular monitoring of garbage wastes.

• Development & maintenance of schemes for water conservation.

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The Environmental Management Cell (EMC) will take the overall responsibility for coordination

of the actions required for environmental management and mitigation, and for monitoring the

progress of the proposed management plans and actions to be taken.

Table 9.3 Responsibilities of Personnel of EMC

Designation Responsibility Sr. Plant Manager Overall planning, execution and management of environmental

protective measures and monitoring of parameters and various Socio-economic measures, disaster management measures and training programs regularly.

Safety Incharge To ensure the activities are carried out as per the OSHAS standard and all the employed given safety a primary importance while working at the Plant

Manager-Incharge Overall in-charge of Monitoring of Environmental parameters and effectiveness of environmental protective measures taken and decide about the additional protective measures in safe guarding the overall ecology and environment.

Medical Officer (Part-time)

Health check-up of working persons, for identifying occupational Health hazards, if any. The doctor will be available 3 days/week for periodic health monitoring.

9.4 SAFETY , HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY OF IOCL

Indian Oil Corporation is committed to conduct business with strong environment conscience

ensuring sustainable development, safe workplaces and enrichment of quality of life of

Employees, Customers and the Community. M/s IOCL believes that good S, H &E performance

is an integral part of efficient and profitable business management.

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Figure 9.3 Health, Safety & Environmental Policy of IOCL

Accordingly, the Corporation's endeavor is to:

• Establish and maintain good standards for safety of the people, the processes and the

assets.

• Comply with all Rules and Regulations on Safety, Occupational Health and Protection.

• Plan, design, operate and maintain all facilities, processes and procedures to secure

sustained Safety, Health and Environmental Protection.

• Remain trained, equipped and ready for effective and prompt response to accidents

and emergencies.

• Welcome audit of our S, H & E conduct by external body, so that stakeholderconfidence

is safeguarded.

• Adopt and promote industry best practices to avert accidents and improve our S, H&E

performance.

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• Remain committed to be a leader in Safety, Occupational Health and Environmental

Protection through continuing improvement.

• Make efforts to preserve ecological balance and heritage.

9.5 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT COSTS

Table 9.3 EMP Budget

S. No. Description (Cost in lakhs rupee) Capital cost Recurring cost per annum

1. Gardening / Horticulture 15 3.6 2. Rain water Harvesting 25 0.5 3. Septic tank / soak pits 5.5 0.6 4. Gas monitoring system 46 2.0 5. Vapour extraction unit 11.5 0.5 6. Monitoring of air and

noise pollution (acoustic enclosure)

25 0.5

7. Water management–cylinder washing unit and In line bath

14 0.5

Total 142 Lakhs 8.2 Lakhs

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CHAPTER 10

SUMMARY & CONCLUSION

An Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) study report has been prepared for this project

based on ToR and baseline environmental quality data collected for the study area.

Identification and prediction of significant environmental impacts due to the proposed project

with an Environmental Impact Statement followed by delineation of appropriate impact

mitigation measures in an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) are included in the EIA

report.

The proposed project intends to ensure that the developmental activities related to the project

are environmentally sound and does not have any adverse effects on the natural environment

in the surroundings of the site. The purpose of this Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

study is to provide information on the nature and extent of environmental impacts arising

from the construction and operation of the proposed project and related activities taking place

concurrently.

10.2 SALIENT FEATURES OF THE PROJECT

The salient features of the project are discussed below:

Item Description Details

Project Proposal The proponent M/s Indian Oil Corporation Limited has set up a LPG Bottling Facility “Tirunelveli Bottling Plant”. The existing bulk LPG storage capacity is 1800MT (3 x 600MT) above ground mounded bullets. The consented LPG bottling throughput of 1,20,000 MTPA will be achieved by installing two LPG cylinder Filling Carousels each having 24 Filling Machines.

Location S.F nos. B37/pt to B43/pt, B50/pt, B51/pt, C30 to C41 and C24/pt to C27/pt at SIPCOT Industrial Growth Centre, Gangaikondan village, Tirunelveli Taluk & District, Tamil Nadu

Land Requirement & its break up for land use

S. No. Land use parameter Area 1 Plant building area 1.73 acres 2 Non-plant building area 2.26 acres 3 LPG Storage area 0.8 acres 4 Truck Parking Area 6.7 acres 5 Driveway & pathway area 1.48 acres 6 Future expansion area 8 acres 7 Green belt development area 13.86 acres 8 Open area 7.17 acres 9 Total Area 42 acres

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Man power requirement 75 nos

Power requirement & Source

450 KVA (through TANGEDCO)

Backup power supply DG set (Capacities – 750 kVA & 250 kVA)

Water requirement & Source of supply

4 KLD (through SIPCOT)

Wastewater generation, treatment & disposal

S. No.

Domestic water requirement (KLD)

Industrial water requirement (KLD)

Domestic sewage generation (KLD)

Wastewater from process / cylinder washing (KLD)

Cylinder washing

1 3 1 2.4 (to septic tank & soak pits)

0.8 (reused)

Total 4 3.2

Air Pollution Sources and Control Measures

Source Air Pollution Control Measures Fugitive emissions (vehicular movement)

Well developed paved internal roads & avenue plantation are present at the BP

Greenbelt of adequate area has been established at the site

Point source of emissions (DG sets)

Stacks of adequate height will be provided for DG sets

There will be no emissions generated during the bottling operation. 35 nos. of gas monitoring systems are already installed to detect leaks in the storage vessels.

Solid waste generation & Management

Description of waste Management Municipal solid waste

MSW will be segregated at source and disposed through local body.

Other solid wastes Damaged cylinders will be sold to local scrap dealers

Hazardous waste Hazardous wastes generated onsite shall be disposed to TNPCB authorized TSDF / Recyclers

Environmental Management Costs

S. No

Environmental Parameter

Capital costs in Rs.

Recurring costs in Rs (Annual )

1 Gardening / Horticulture 15 Lac 3.6 Lac 2 Rain water Harvesting 25 Lac 0.5 Lac 3 Septic tank / soak pits 5.5 Lac 0.6 Lac 4 Gas monitoring system 46 Lac 2.0 Lac 5 Vapour extraction unit 11.5 Lac 0.5 Lac 6 Monitoring of air and

noise pollution (acoustic enclosure)

25 Lac 0.5 Lac

7 Water management–cylinder washing unit and In line bath

14 Lac 0.5 Lac

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Total 142 Lac 8.2 Lac

Project Cost Rs. 78.58 Crores

10.3 OVERALL JUSTIFICATION FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROJECT

The present demand for packed LPG in Tamil Nadu is 1065 TMT as against the rated bottling

capacity of 909 TMTPA as on 1st April 2015 a thereby deficit of 156 TMTPA. Demand is

growing at 7% per annum. MOP&NG has mandated coverage of 75% population with LPG

connection by the year 2014-15 including LPG connection in rural markets under RGGLV

Scheme. The packed LPG demand projections in the State of Tamil Nadu are estimated to be

1396 TMTPA by the year 2019-20. Even after exhausting the available possibilities of

additional capacity generation of 60 TPTMA in the existing LPG Bottling Plants in Tamil

Nadu, the available LPG capacity would not be sufficient to meet the increased demand of

1065 TMT during the year 2015-16. Therefore there is a requirement of setting up a new

LPG Bottling Plant in the state of Tamil Nadu.

Presently, there are no IOCL bottling plants in down south of Madurai, i.e. in the districts of

Tirunelveli, Tuticorin, Kanyakumari and Nagercoil. There is a backlog at times during

monsoon season and festival seasons. In order to overcome this problem, a bottling plant is

very much necessary to be established in Tirunelveli to cater to the customers in the above

districts so that there would not be a shortfall in supplies and customers will not be affected

on any account. There is an estimated saving of Rs. 14.48 Crores/annum to the nation

towards logistic cost.

10.3.1 EXPLANATION ON ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION

Adequate Environmental Management measures will be incorporated during the entire

operating phase of the project to minimize any adverse environmental impact and assure

sustainable development of the area. The EMP planned for the operating stage of the project

will include the following elements:

• Air Pollution Control and Management

• Noise Control and Management

• Storm Water Management

• Hazardous and Solid Waste Management

• Plantation and Landscaping

• Risk Assessment & Disaster Management Plan

• Emergency Response Plans for emergency scenarios

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• Environmental Monitoring

• Environmental Management Cell

For the effective implementation of the EMP, an Environmental Management Cell (EMC)

will be established at the proposed project. The EMC will implement the following:

• Environmental Monitoring Program

• Personnel Training

• Regular Environmental Audits and Corrective Action

• Documentation – Standard operating procedures Environmental Management Plans and other

records.

10.4 CONCLUSION

This Environmental Impact Assessment Report has addressed all possible impacts the

“Tirunelveli BP” could have on the surrounding environment. Relevant mitigation measures

have been adequately assessed and formulated to meet with statutory requirements.

This project is a public utility project that is aimed at curbing the shortage of LPG in the

Southern Districts of Tamil Nadu State. Tirunelveli LPG BP shall be feeding domestic LPG

not only to Tirunelveli District, but also other neighboring Districts of Tuticorin, Nagercoil,

Kanyakumari, Virudunagar in Tamil Nadu and Trivandrum, Kerala State.

Thus, the proposed project is a welcome development and may be accorded environmental

clearance.

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CHAPTER 11

DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANT

This chapter describes about the environmental consultant engaged in preparationof EIA report

for LPG Bulk Storage & Bottling Facility at SIPCOT Industrial Growth Centre, Gangaikondan

village, Tirunelveli Taluk& District, Tamil Nadu by IOCL.

11.1 INTRODUCTION

ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited (formerly ABC Environ Solutions Pvt. Ltd.) isan ISO

9001, ISO 14001 & OHSAS 18001 Certified Company & leading Environmental Engineering &

Consultancy Company constantly striving towards newer heights since its inception in 2006. Our

Company is dedicated to provide strategic services in the areas Environment, Infrastructure,

Energy, Engineering and Multilab.

It is the first firm to be accredited by NABET (National Accreditation Board for Education and

Training), Quality Council of India, as an EIA Consultant, approved for carrying out EIA

studies and obtaining environmental clearance for various sectors such as Thermal Power Plants,

Infrastructure, Industrial Estates / Complexes/ Areas, Mining, Township & area development and

Building construction projects etc. ABC Techno Labs is equipped with in-house, spacious

laboratory, accredited by NABL (National Accreditation Board for Testing & Calibration

Laboratories), Department of Science & Technology, Government of India.

Since establishment ABC Techno Labs focus on sustainable development of Industry and

Environment based on sound engineering practices, innovation, quality, R&D and most

important is satisfying customers need. The company has successfully completed more than

100 projects of variety of industries, in the field of pollution control and environmental

management solutions. The company is also dealing in the projects of waste minimization

and cleaner production technology.

The team of technocrats and scientist are well experienced to deal with the design,Manufacture,

Fabrication,Installation, commissioning of Effluent/Wastewater treatment plants, Sewage

Treatment plants, Combined Treatment plants.

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The company is having well experienced team of Scientists & Engineers who are looking after

environmental projects & well equipped analytical laboratory with a facility including analysis of

physical, chemical and biological parameters as per the requirements of the State Pollution

Control Board and our clients.

11.2 Services of ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited

11.2.1 Environmental Services

• Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

• Environmental Management Plan (EMP)

• Social Impact Assessment (SIA)

• Environmental Baseline data collection for Air, Meteorology, Noise, Water, Soil,

Ecology, Socio-Economic and Demography etc;

• Environmental Monitoring

• Socio Economic Studies

• Resettlement & Rehabilitation Plan

• Ecological & Human Health Risk Assessment Studies

• Ecological Impact Assessment

• Environmental Management Framework

• Solid Waste Management

• Hazardous Waste Management

• Internship & Training

11.2.2 Turnkey projects

• Water Treatment Plants

• Sewage Treatment Plant

• Recycling & Water Conservation Systems

• Zero Discharge System

11.2.3 Other services

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• Operation & Maintenance of Water & Waste Water Plants

• Water & Waste Water Treatment Chemicals

• Pilot Plant studies

• Feasibility studies & preparation of budgetary estimates

11.2.4 Laboratory services

• Chemical Testing

• Environmental Testing

• Microbiological Testing

• Food Testing

• Metallurgical Testing

11.3 Sectors Accredited by NABET

S. No.

Sectors Name

1. Mining of minerals (Opencast only) Mining (Open cast and Underground) 2. Irrigation projects only 3. Thermal Power Plant 4. Metallurgical industries (sec. ferrous only) 5. Cement Plants 6. Petroleum refining industry 7. Leather/skin/hide processing industry 8. Chemical Fertilizers 9. Synthetic organic chemicals industry (dyes & dye intermediates; bulk drugs and

intermediates excluding drug formulations; synthetic rubbers; basic organic chemicals, other synthetic organic chemicals and chemical intermediates)

10. Distilleries 11. 24 Pulp & paper industry excluding manufacturing of paper from wastepaper

and manufacture of paper from ready pulp without bleaching 12. Isolated storage & handling of hazardous chemicals (As per threshold planning

quantity indicated in column 3 of Schedule 2 & 3 of MSIHC Rules 1989 amended 2000)

13. Airports 14. Industrial estates/ parks/ complexes/ Areas, export processing zones(EPZs),

Special economic zones (SEZs), Biotech parks, Leather complexes 15. Ports, harbours, jetties, marine terminals, break waters and dredging 16. Highways, Railways, transport terminals, mass rapid transport systems 17. Common effluent treatment plants (CETPs)

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18. Common municipal solid waste management facility (CMSWMF) 19. 38 Building and large construction projects including shopping malls,

multiplexes, commercial complexes, housing estates, hospitals, institutions 20. Townships and Area development Projects

11.4 Study Team

ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited has carried out this Environmental Impact Assessment

(EIA) study. The multidisciplinary team included expertise in Environmental Impact

Assessment, Air & Water pollution & Control measures, Noise Control measures, Ecology &

bio-diversity, Land use, Geology, Environmental Chemistry and Socio-Economic planner. The

team members involved in EIA study area:

S. No. Name Role 1. Mr. V.K.Gautam EIA coordinator Isolated Storage & Handling

of Hazardous Chemicals & FAE – Meteorology, Air Quality Modelling & Prediction

2. Dr. R.K. Jayaseelan Functional Area Expert – Land use, Water Pollution, Prevention & Control and Hydrogeology

3. Mr.Bipin Prakash Chari AFAE-Water Pollution Project Engineer (Report Analysis and Documentation)

4. Dr.Muthiah Mariappan FAE – Solid Waste Management 5. Mr. Mohammed Assain AFAE- Air Pollution, Solid and Hazardous

Waste Junior Project Engineer

6. Dr. N. Sukumaran FAE – Ecology & Biodiversity 7. Dr.Thillai Govindarajan FAE – Geology 8. Mr. M. Senthil Kumar FAE – Risk Assessment & Hazard

management 9. 10. Mr. R. Rajendran FAE – Air Pollution, Prevention and Control

and Noise & Vibration 11. Mrs.Geetha Shreeneevasakam FAE – Socio-Economic Expert 12. Mrs. K. Vijayalakshmi Manager - Environment 13. Mr. Bharat P. Junior Project Engineer– Report Analysis and

Documentation 14. Ms. R. Akshaya Junior Project Engineer– Report Analysis and

Documentation 15. Mr. G. Vineeth Pethu Junior Engineer – Report Analysis and

Documentation

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S. No. Name Role

16. Mr. Mukund Ramesh Junior Project Engineer– Report Analysis and Documentation

17. Mr. Robson Chinnadurai Senior Chemist 18. Mr. M. Muruganantham Junior Chemist 19. Mr. Satish Field Technician

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