India Pakistan

Agenda

• Cross Border Terrorism

• Water Sharing

• Siachin

• Sir Creek area

• Trade

WARS- INDIA vs. PAKISTAN

• AN UNANOUNCED WAR IN 1947.

• SECOND WAR WAS HAPPENED IN 1965

• BANGLADESH LIBERATION WAR IN 1971.

• KARGIL WAR IN 1999

SIR CREEK

• 96 KM LONG STRIP OF WATER in the Rann of Kutch marshland.

• opens up into the Arabian Sea

• India sticks to its position that the boundary lies mid-channel as depicted in

another map drawn in 1925, and implemented by the installation of mid-

channel pillars back in 1924.

• The Thalwegdoctrine:a river can be divided from its mid channel if

two nations are agreed upon the dividence.

• After the Indo-Pak was of 1965, a UN tribunal the tribunal supported India’s claim to 90 per cent of the Rann, fixed the land border up to a point called the Western Terminus, but left the westernmost part of the border fluid. This includes the stretch of water under Sir Creek, now under dispute.

SIACHEN: highest battleground on earth

Siachin Issue

• 1984: Operation Meghdoot , India gained control of the Siachen Glacier (unoccupied and undemarcated area).

• Control on three main passes – Sia La

– Bilafond La

– Gyong La.

• India controls more than 1,000 square miles (3,000 km2) of territory.

Indus Water Treaty

• Brokered by the World Bank signed in 1960.• Western rivers (For Pakistan’s Use)

– Indus– Jhelum– Chenab

• Eastern rivers (For India’s Use)– Sutlej– Beas– Ravi• The countries agree to exchange data and co-operate in matters

related to the treaty thru Permanent Indus Commission, with a commissioner appointed by each country.

Kishanganga

• The Kishanganga riveris a tributary of the Jhelum. • Since 2009, a hydro-electric project is being constructed by

India with a planned capacity of 330 MW by diverting the waters of the Kishanganga/Neelum river through a 23-km-long tunnel.

• Being executed at a cost of Rs.3,642 crore, the project is expected to be completed by 2016.

• In 2010, Pakistan approached the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) for arbitration under IWT raising two major observations: – one, whether or not inter-tributary diversion was

permitted by the IWT– second, whether or not India was allowed to use draw-

down flushing to tackle sedimentation.

The award

• India may accordingly divert water from the Kishanganga/Neelum River for power generation by the KHEP in the manner envisaged.

• India is under an obligation to maintain a minimum flow of water in the Kishanganga/Neelum River.

• It is thus obvious that India’s stance has been upheld, however, the court decided that its right to divert the Kishanganga/Neelum is not absolute - it is subject to the constraints specified in the Treaty.

• And the other laws like environmental laws. <Please read the class notes now>

Trade

• MFN :abolishing the negative list altogether while maintaining a list of prohibited items that cannot be imported.

• It restricts imports from India by allowing only 137 items through the land route via the Wagah-Attari border.

• The formal trade is about USD 3 Bn whereas the informal trade is about 10 Bn.

Russia- Pakistan

• Russia’s own restive northern Caucasian territories.

• The need for stability in South and Central Asia.

• Central Asia-South Asia (CASA-1000)

• Russia and Central Asian countries getting an access to the Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean through the Gwadar port.

• India Russia has time tested relationship.

Remember: We are culturally connected

Thank you