INDIA Last Updated: 2007-12-06...The Vitamin A Deficiency database includes data by country based on...

WHO Global Database on Vitamin A DeficiencyThe Vitamin A Deficiency database includes data by country based on xerophthalmia and/or serum or plasma retinol concentration

INDIA

Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS)

Last Updated: 2007-12-06

Level Date Location and sample descriptor SexSample

size

Prevalence of xerophthalmia (%) Serum / plasma retinol concentration (µmol/l)

Reference

Current XN

PreviousXN

X1B X2 X3A X3B XS <0.35 <0.70MeanAge

(years) < 1.05

Prevalence (%)SD

Notes

General Line

D 3 districts: SAC by sex F 1457 55502005 6.00-15.99 1P *3 districts: SAC by sex M 13806.00-15.99 23 districts: SAC by age B 14666.00-10.99 33 districts: SAC by age B 137111.00-15.99 43 districts: SAC by area: Urban B 14336.00-15.99 53 districts: SAC by area: Rural B 14046.00-15.99 6

L Naxalbari village: Pre-SAC/SAC: Total B 331 3.60 57352004 3.00-12.99 P *Pre-SAC/SAC by sex F 152 4.603.00-12.99 Pre-SAC/SAC by sex M 179 2.803.00-12.99 Pre-SAC/SAC by age B 6 0.003.00-4.99 Pre-SAC/SAC by age B 69 1.405.00-6.99 Pre-SAC/SAC by age B 126 4.807.00-8.99 Pre-SAC/SAC by age B 71 0.009.00-10.99 Pre-SAC/SAC by age B 59 7.0011.00-12.99

D 11 districts: Pre-SAC: Total B 3390 0.09 3.50 0.06 0.03 55112003 -2004 0.00-4.99 *Pre-SAC by district: Nanded B 368 1.100.00-4.99 7Pre-SAC by districts: Goalpara, Dhubri and Guwah B 838 1.80 0.100.00-4.99 8Pre-SAC by districts: Bellary and Bagalkort B 398 2.800.00-4.99 9Pre-SAC by district: Ranchi B 150 10.700.00-4.99 10Pre-SAC by district: Khagaria B 235 7.200.00-4.99 11Pre-SAC by district: Farrukabad B 112 14.300.00-4.99 12Pre-SAC by district: Badaun (1/4) B 140 2.10 9.300.00-4.99 13Pre-SAC by district: Badaun (8/4) B 664 3.00 0.20 0.200.00-4.99 14Pre-SAC by district: Bareilly B 485 1.600.00-4.99 15

D Udham Singh Nagar district: PW F 151 15.90 37872003 NS P *LU Calcutta: Women by group: Controls F 150 32.7 0.98 55082003 NS 16P *

Calcutta: Women by group: Test F 150 34.7 0.92NS Calcutta: Newborns by group: Controls B 150 34.7 0.640.00 17Calcutta: Newborns by group: Test B 150 32.0 0.680.00

DR Medak district: Women F 220 7.00 35.00 5.00 57032003 15.00-NS 18*D Jodhpur district: Pre-SAC: Total B 914 0.00 0.20 58112003 0.00-5.99 *

Pre-SAC by gender F NS 0.00 0.200.00-5.99

© WHO Global Database on Vitamin A Deficiency


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PreviousXN


(years) < 1.05

Prevalence (%)SD

Notes

General Line

D Pre-SAC by gender M NS 0.00 0.20 58112003 0.00-5.99

S National Capital Territory of Delhi: SAC: Total B 7009 1.20 37952002 6.00-11.99 *SAC by age B 945 0.746.00-6.99 SAC by age B 1339 1.047.00-7.99 SAC by age B 1377 1.028.00-8.99 SAC by age B 1236 1.209.00-9.99 SAC by age B 1209 1.0710.00-10.99 SAC by age B 903 2.5011.00-11.99

L Hyderabad: PW F 736 2.90 45462002 NS *Hyderabad: PW F 736 3.5 27.3 0.95NS 65.0 0.40

L Gingee and Karaikudi ADPs: Pre-SAC B 2005 0.30 2.29 51022002 0.50-4.99 *Gingee and Karaikudi ADPs: Women F 1506 1.46NS

SR 8 states: Pre-SAC: Total B 71591 0.30 0.80 58392001 -2003 1.00-4.99 *Pre-SAC by state: Andhra Pradesh B 9327 0.20 1.201.00-4.99 Pre-SAC by state: Karnataka B 8627 0.20 0.701.00-4.99 Pre-SAC by state: Kerala B 8329 0.00 0.001.00-4.99 Pre-SAC by state: Madhya Pradesh B 8777 0.80 1.401.00-4.99 Pre-SAC by state: Maharashtra B 8646 1.10 1.301.00-4.99 Pre-SAC by state: Orissa B 9460 0.10 0.301.00-4.99 Pre-SAC by state: Tamil Nadu B 9197 0.10 0.501.00-4.99 Pre-SAC by state: West Bengal B 9228 0.20 0.601.00-4.99 8 states: Pre-SAC: Total B 3934 62.01.00-4.99 Pre-SAC by sex F NS 62.81.00-4.99 Pre-SAC by sex M NS 60.81.00-4.99 Pre-SAC by age B NS 59.61.00-2.99 Pre-SAC by age B NS 63.13.00-4.99

LU Hyderabad: PW: Total F 129 17.1 3012001 -2002 17.00-30.99 *Hyderabad: PW by group: Control F 62 17.7 0.9318.00-30.99 0.23Hyderabad: PW by group: Experimental F 67 16.4 0.9017.00-28.99 0.19

L Kundam block: Pre-SAC B 1022 1.60 55102000 -2001 0.00-5.99 *S Orissa state: Pre-SAC B 1313 0.50 2842000 2.00-3.99 *



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Prevalence (%)SD

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S Orissa state: Pre-SAC B 1811 2.90 2842000 1.00-3.99 Andhra Pradesh state: Pre-SAC B 1183 0.762.00-3.99 Andhra Pradesh state: Pre-SAC B 1664 5.501.00-3.99 Orissa state: Pre-SAC B 318 20.4 63.8 0.621.00-3.99 0.33Andhra Pradesh state: Pre-SAC B 300 5.7 52.3 0.711.00-3.99 0.25

D Bankura district: Pre-SAC B 751 1.15 35892000 1.00-5.99 19P *Bankura district: Pre-SAC B 1830 0.490.50-5.99 20Gumla district: Pre-SAC B 1011 1.781.00-5.99 21Gumla district: Pre-SAC B 1875 0.690.50-5.99 22Jajpur district: Pre-SAC B 985 3.951.00-5.99 23Jajpur district: Pre-SAC B 1755 2.200.50-5.99 24Kamrup district: Pre-SAC B 685 3.061.00-5.99 25Kamrup distric: Pre-SAC B 1050 0.760.50-5.99 26West district: Pre-SAC B 66 3.031.00-5.99 27West district: Pre-SAC B 116 1.700.50-5.99 28Bankura district: PW B 355 10.42NS 29Gumla district: PW B 268 13.43NS 30Jajpur district: PW B 262 3.21NS 31Kamrup distric: PW B 195 15.86NS 32West district: PW B 50 12.00NS 33

S Tripura state: Women F 299 18.30 3780a2000 15.00-49.99 *L Hyderabad: Newborns by group: Control B 52 19.8 83.2 0.51 39132000 0.00 34*

Hyderabad: Newborns by group: Experimental B 50 22.0 80.0 0.530.00 35Hyderabad: Infants by age B 96 0.860.75-0.82 36Hyderabad: Infants by age B 116 0.791.00-1.07 37

N National: Pre-SAC B NS 0.60 45342000 2.00-4.99 38*L Kodaku tribe: Pre-SAC: Total B 182 1.70 0.90 54632000 1.00-5.99 *

Pre-SAC by age B NS 0.00 0.201.00-2.99 Pre-SAC by age B NS 1.70 0.703.00-5.99

D Mahaboobnagar district: Pre-SAC B NS 1.10 46061999 -2000 2.00-3.99 39*Mahaboobnagar district: Pre-SAC B NS 0.401.00-3.99 Mahaboobnagar district: PW B NS 5.20NS



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Prevalence (%)SD

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D Tamil Nadu/2 districts: PW by group: Placebo F 5833 5.50 45391998 -2001 15.00-NS *Tamil Nadu/2 districts: PW by group: Supplementat F 5786 6.10 0.0015.00-NS

N National: Women: Total F 32393 12.10 29721998 -1999 15.00-49.99 *Women by area: Urban F 7191 6.4015.00-49.99 Women by area: Rural F 25202 13.7015.00-49.99 Women by urban area: Andhra Pradesh F 283 2.3015.00-49.99 40Women by urban area: Assam F 66 1.3015.00-49.99 41Women by urban area: Bihar F 258 11.7015.00-49.99 42Women by urban area: Goa F 127 1.7015.00-49.99 43Women by urban area: Gujarat F 483 7.1015.00-49.99 44Women by urban area: Haryana F 246 1.6015.00-49.99 45Women by urban area: Hiamachal Pradesh F 69 2.3015.00-49.99 46Women by urban area: Jammu and Kashmir F 176 13.9015.00-49.99 47Women by urban area: Karnataka F 398 5.1015.00-49.99 48Women by urban area: Kerala F 134 1.2015.00-49.99 49Women by urban area: Madhya Pradesh F 613 10.7015.00-49.99 50Women by urban area: Maharashtra F 707 6.3015.00-49.99 51Women by urban area: Orissa F 153 13.0015.00-49.99 52Women by urban area: Punjab F 207 1.3015.00-49.99 53Women by urban area: Rajasthan F 628 11.5015.00-49.99 54Women by urban area: Sikkim F 53 14.0015.00-49.99 55Women by urban area: Tamil Nadu F 53 2.0015.00-49.99 56Women by urban area: Union Territory of Delhi F 738 3.8015.00-49.99 57Women by urban area: Uttar Pradesh F 713 7.5015.00-49.99 58Women by urban area: West Bengal F 53 5.0015.00-49.99 59Women by rural area: Andhra Pradesh F 846 6.3015.00-49.99 60Women by rural area: Assam F 1063 7.2015.00-49.99 61Women by rural area: Bihar F 2689 20.2015.00-49.99 62Women by rural area: Goa F 201 2.5015.00-49.99 63Women by rural area: Gujarat F 841 13.1015.00-49.99 64Women by rural area: Haryana F 814 0.9015.00-49.99 65Women by rural area: Hiamachal Pradesh F 843 3.9015.00-49.99 66Women by rural area: Jammu and Kashmir F 930 19.4015.00-49.99 67Women by rural area: Karnataka F 882 6.9015.00-49.99 68Women by rural area: Kerala F 572 2.3015.00-49.99 69Women by rural area: Madhya Pradesh F 2224 22.1015.00-49.99 70



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(years) < 1.05

Prevalence (%)SD

Notes

General Line

N Women by rural area: Maharashtra F 1103 11.90 29721998 -1999 15.00-49.99 71Women by rural area: Orissa F 1359 19.3015.00-49.99 72Women by rural area: Punjab F 693 0.6015.00-49.99 73Women by rural area: Rajasthan F 2448 15.5015.00-49.99 74Women by rural area: Sikkim F 400 22.6015.00-49.99 75Women by rural area: Tamil Nadu F 400 4.6015.00-49.99 76Women by rural area: Union Territory of Delhi F 81 3.8015.00-49.99 77Women by rural area: Uttar Pradesh F 3700 15.2015.00-49.99 78Women by rural area: West Bengal F 400 13.1015.00-49.99 79Women by state: Andhra Pradesh F 1129 5.3015.00-49.99 80Women by state: Arunachal Pradesh F 427 20.2015.00-49.99 81Women by state: Assam F 1129 6.9015.00-49.99 82Women by state: Bihar F 2947 19.4015.00-49.99 83Women by state: Goa F 328 2.2015.00-49.99 84Women by state: Gujarat F 1324 10.9015.00-49.99 85Women by state: Haryana F 1060 1.0015.00-49.99 86Women by state: Hiamachal Pradesh F 912 3.8015.00-49.99 87Women by state: Jammu and Kashmir F 1105 18.5015.00-49.99 88Women by state: Karnataka F 1280 6.3015.00-49.99 89Women by state: Kerala F 707 2.1015.00-49.99 90Women by state: Madhya Pradesh F 2837 19.7015.00-49.99 91Women by state: Maharashtra F 1810 9.7015.00-49.99 92Women by state: Manipur F 666 8.5015.00-49.99 93Women by state: Meghalaya F 610 23.9015.00-49.99 94Women by state: Mizoram F 497 14.6015.00-49.99 95Women by state: Nagaland F 456 21.1015.00-49.99 96Women by state: Orissa F 1512 18.7015.00-49.99 97Women by state: Punjab F 900 0.8015.00-49.99 98Women by state: Rajasthan F 3076 14.7015.00-49.99 99Women by state: Sikkim F 453 21.6015.00-49.99 100Women by state: Tamil Nadu F 453 3.7015.00-49.99 101Women by state: Union Territory of Delhi F 820 3.8015.00-49.99 102Women by state: Uttar Pradesh F 4414 14.0015.00-49.99 103Women by state: West Bengal F 453 11.6015.00-49.99 104

L Calcutta: PW F 300 6.00 41591998 -1999 NS *Calcutta: PW F 300 4.0 1.93NS 14.7 0.94



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Prevalence (%)SD

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S Nine states: Adolescents: Tribal areas B 12789 2.00 57501998 -1999 10.00-17.99 *L Delhi: PW F 829 4.80 2.70 12021998 17.00-40.99 105*D Badaun district: Pre-SAC B 10782 0.00 0.00 35491997 -2000 0.00-5.99 *

Badaun district: Pre-SAC B 8406 0.002.00-5.99 Baramulla district: Pre-SAC B 10766 0.03 0.030.00-5.99 Baramulla district: Pre-SAC B 8526 0.002.00-5.99 Bikaner district: Pre-SAC B 10730 1.10 0.080.00-5.99 Bikaner district: Pre-SAC B 7686 0.962.00-5.99 Bishnupur district: Pre-SAC B 11068 0.06 0.070.00-5.99 Bishnupur district: Pre-SAC B 7840 0.082.00-5.99 Dehradum district: Pre-SAC B 8912 0.00 0.030.00-5.99 Dehradun district: Pre-SAC B 5909 0.102.00-5.99 Dibrugarh district: Pre-SAC B 10754 0.30 0.090.00-5.99 Dibrugarh district: Pre-SAC B 7964 2.132.00-5.99 Gaya district: Pre-SAC B 7563 5.172.00-5.99 Gaya district: Pre-SAC B 10711 4.71 0.500.00-5.99 Kohima district: Pre-SAC B 7441 0.202.00-5.99 Kohima district: Pre-SAC B 11079 0.24 0.090.00-5.99 Lakhimpur district: Pre-SAC B 11026 0.46 0.080.00-5.99 Lakhimpur Kheri district: Pre-SAC B 7494 2.122.00-5.99 Mainpuri district: Pre-SAC B 5562 0.02 0.000.00-5.99 Mainpuri district: Pre-SAC B 4096 0.322.00-5.99 Mandi district: Pre-SAC B 10589 0.00 0.000.00-5.99 Mandi district: Pre-SAC B 6735 0.552.00-5.99 Mehboob Nagar district: Pre-SAC B 10343 0.37 0.160.00-5.99 Mehboob Nagar district: Pre-SAC B 4683 1.282.00-5.99 Nagaon district: Pre-SAC B 7346 0.392.00-5.99 Nagaon district: Pre-SAC B 10696 0.30 0.140.00-5.99 Patna district: Pre-SAC B 6983 1.792.00-5.99 Patna district: Pre-SAC B 10739 3.11 0.390.00-5.99 Raigarh district: Pre-SAC B 11042 0.03 0.100.00-5.99 Raigarh district: Pre-SAC B 7247 0.652.00-5.99 Srinagar district: Pre-SAC B 7283 0.412.00-5.99 Sringagar district: Pre-SAC B 9713 0.04 0.050.00-5.99 Badaun district: PW F 489 0.00NS Baramulla district: PW F 507 0.00NS



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D Bikaner district: PW F 531 0.00 35491997 -2000 NS Bishnupur district: PW F 510 0.59NS Dehradun district: PW F 341 0.00NS Dibrugarh district: PW F 530 19.62NS Gaya district: PW F 526 7.41NS Kahkimpur Kheri district: PW F 595 2.86NS Kohima district: PW F 80 3.75NS Mainpuri district: PW F 254 0.00NS Mehboob Nagar district: PW F 245 2.86NS Nagaon district: PW F 492 0.81NS Patna district: PW F 516 1.16NS Raigarh district: PW F 512 0.00NS Srinagar district: PW F 505 0.00NS

L Kumbakonam town: Pre-SAC B 1000 0.40 3.20 0.30 29911997 NS P *LR PW by group: Iron and vitamin A F 13 1.01 58131997 NS P 46.1 0.22 *

PW by group: Iron (60 mg) F 40 1.09NS 50.0 0.19PW by group: Iron (120 mg) F 29 0.98NS 51.7 0.19PW by gestational age: controls: 13-16 weeks F 28 7.1 1.08NS 46.4 0.22PW by gestational age: controls: 17-20 weeks F 84 4.8 1.03NS 47.6 0.21PW by gestational age: controls: 21-24 weeks F 65 4.6 1.07NS 50.8 0.22PW by gestational age: controls: 25-28 weeks F 47 8.5 1.02NS 55.3 0.27PW by gestational age: controls: 29-32 weeks F 23 8.7 1.11NS 56.5 0.30PW by gestational age: controls: 33-36 weeks F 27 14.8 0.93NS 70.4 0.23

L Delhi: Pre-SAC B 330 1.20 41051996 2.00-5.99 P *Delhi: Pre-SAC B 552 0.000.00-5.99

L New Delhi: Women group: Supplementation F 460 2.00 47321995 -1997 NS *New Delhi: Women by group. Placebo F 464 2.00NS New Delhi: Infants by group: Supplementation B 92 76.5 0.570.12 0.24New Delhi: Infants by group: Placebo B 86 81.1 0.550.12 0.23

L Kedar village: SAC B 1349 39721995 -1996 5.00-15.99 106*L Bombay: Pre-SAC/SAC: Total B 1956 5.0 20.0 20241995 0.00-12.99 P *

Pre-SAC by age B NS 0.470.00-5.99 0.13



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L SAC by age B NS 0.50 20241995 6.00-12.99 P 0.18

L North Acrot Ambedkar district: Pre-SAC/SAC/Adole B 4843 1.10 28081993 1.00-18.99 P *Pre-SAC/SAC/Adolescents by sex F 2320 0.701.00-18.99 Pre-SAC/SAC/Adolescents by sex M 2523 1.501.00-18.99 Pre-SAC by age B 174 0.601.00-2.99 Pre-SAC by age B 986 0.603.00-5.99 SAC by age B 1338 1.106.00-8.99 SAC by age B 1270 1.309.00-11.99 Adolescents by age B 831 1.3012.00-14.99 Adolescents by age B 244 1.2015.00-18.99

L Bhankheda village: Pre-SAC/SAC: Total B 366 5.10 8.70 0.50 20231990 1.00-15.99 P *Pre-SAC by age B 105 2.70 7.40 1.801.00-4.99 SAC by age B 258 6.20 9.30 0.005.00-15.99

L Trichy district: Pre-SAC B 15419 3.70 7.20 0.07 2801990 0.00-4.99 107P *Trichy district: Pre-SAC B 280 21.4 37.50.00-4.99

L Rhajasthan: Jodpur: Pre-SAC/SAC/Adolescents: To B 5135 4.50 2.20 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.02 29631989 0.00-16.99 108P *Pre-SAC/SAC/Adolescents by sex F 1492 7.60 4.30 0.30 0.00 0.00 0.070.00-16.99 Pre-SAC/SAC/Adolescents by sex M 3643 2.30 1.30 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.000.00-16.99 Pre-SAC by age B 994 9.60 3.50 0.30 0.00 0.00 0.100.00-6.99 SAC by age B 2455 4.60 2.60 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.007.00-12.99 Adolescents by age B 1686 1.30 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0013.00-16.99

L Aligarh urban area: Pre-SAC: Total B 498 3.60 2.40 0.40 0.20 0.20 0.40 30491988 -1989 0.00-4.99 *Pre-SAC by age B 115 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00-0.99 Pre-SAC by age B 56 0.00 1.80 0.00 0.00 1.80 0.001.00-1.99 Pre-SAC by age B 69 0.00 2.90 2.90 0.00 0.00 1.502.00-2.99 Pre-SAC by age B 104 0.96 7.70 0.00 0.96 0.00 0.003.00-3.99 Pre-SAC by age B 154 11.00 0.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.604.00-4.99

L Kashi Vidyapeeth Block: Pre-SAC B 2304 6.90 8.20 0.20 0.70 2831988 0.00-5.99 109P *L Andhra Prahdesh state/84 villages: Pre-SAC B 15775 2821987 -1989 1.00-5.99 110*L Gorakhpur: Pre-SAC B 1376 0.58 1.70 0.29 0.07 2811987 0.00-5.99 111P *



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D Panchmahals district: Pre-SAC: Total B 4302 0.50 3.30 29641986 -1987 0.00-6.99 112*Pre-SAC by age B NS 0.10 0.700.00-0.99 113Pre-SAC by age B NS 0.50 1.201.00-1.99 114Pre-SAC by age B NS 0.70 3.902.00-2.99 115Pre-SAC by age B NS 0.70 3.603.00-3.99 116Pre-SAC by age B NS 0.60 5.404.00-4.99 117Pre-SAC by age B NS 0.40 7.305.00-5.99 118

L Gujarat state/urban area: SAC: Total B 1922 16.00 9.00 29791986 5.00-15.99 P *SAC by sex F 789 5.00 3.005.00-15.99 SAC by sex M 1133 23.00 14.005.00-15.99 Gujarat state/urban area: SAC M 183 8.0 81.08.00-15.99

L Barasat Block II: Pre-SAC B 3905 4.05 3.12 0.18 0.18 2691985 0.00-4.99 119*L Karda and Javala villages: SAC B 392 3.60 7.10 0.50 2661984 5.00-13.99 P *

Karda and Javala villages: SAC B 3185.00-13.99 120

L Seloo and Bhidi: SAC B 1608 6.00 41171984 6.00-14.99 P *SAC by sex F 769 4.406.00-14.99 SAC by sex M 839 7.506.00-14.99

L Hyderbad: PW F 25 0.96 39231983 -1986 NS 121*Hyderbad: PW F 38 1.11NS 122Hyderbad: PW F 22 1.14NS 123Hyderbad: PW F 36 1.21NS 124Hyderbad: PW F 49 1.19NS 125Hyderbad: PW F 39 1.03NS 126Hyderbad: NPNLW F 8 1.42NS 127

L Jasra block/rural areas: SAC B 400 11.75 3.25 18471983 5.00-12.99 P *L Pandharpur and Solapur city: Pre-SAC B 2590 0.35 3.90 0.54 30461982 -1983 0.00-5.99 *L Sevagram/4 villages: Pre-SAC: Total B 1180 5.80 3.80 2851981 -1982 0.00-5.99 *

Pre-SAC by sex F 560 7.10 4.100.00-5.99 Pre-SAC by sex M 620 4.50 3.500.00-5.99



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S Haryana: All: Total B 47793 0.18 0.17 0.03 30511972 -1979 0.00-70.99 128*Pre-SAC by age B 163830.00-5.99 129SAC by age B 119486.00-14.99 130Adults by age B 1090715.00-29.99 131Adults by age B 855530.00-70.99 132All by district: Bhiwani B 32500.00-70.99 133All by district: Faridabad B 21680.00-70.99 134All by district: Gurgaon B 57240.00-70.99 135All by district: Hissar B 79010.00-70.99 136All by district: Jind B 80950.00-70.99 137All by district: Karnal B 27950.00-70.99 138All by districtict: Mohindergarh B 26100.00-70.99 139All by districtict: Rohtak B 113510.00-70.99 140All by district: Sirsa B 16830.00-70.99 141All by district: Sonepat B 22160.00-70.99 142

L Taluk of Ankola: Pre-SAC B 756 0.00 40711960 0.00-5.99 P *


NOTESINDIA

Reference No: 5550General notes: Cross-sectional surevy with multi-stage sampling of 3 (Baroda, Ahmedabad and Rajkot) of 19 districts in Gujarat state. Districts together represented 25% of state's total population and

represent urban, rural, and tribal talukas. Baseline results prior to implementation of school-based program.Total xerophthalmia (XN, X1B, X2, X3A): 9.30%Note 1Total xerophthalmia (XN, X1B, X2, X3A): 10.40%Note 2Total xerophthalmia (XN, X1B, X2, X3A): 9.20%Note 3Total xerophthalmia (XN, X1B, X2, X3A): 10.50%Note 4Total xerophthalmia (XN, X1B, X2, X3A): 6.30%Note 5Total xerophthalmia (XN, X1B, X2, X3A): 13.50%Note 6

Reference No: 5735General notes: Facility-based study conducted in two primary schools in Naxalbari village of Naxalbari Block in the Darjeeling district of West Bengal. Children mainly belonged to families of tea garden

workers with poor socio-economic status.

Reference No: 5511General notes: Pre-SAC assessed during pulse polio immunization rounds conducted in 11 districts from 5 states (Assam, Bihar, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh). In 162 clusters 10

households randomly selected, each cluster comprised 20-25 children. Areas selected considered high risk for circulation of wild poliovirus.Maharashtra state.Note 7Assam state.Note 8Karnataka state.Note 9Jharkhand state.Note 10Bihar state.Note 11Uttar Pradesh state.Note 12Uttar Pradesh state.Note 13Uttar Pradesh state.Note 14Uttar Pradesh state.Note 15

Reference No: 3787General notes: Sample comprised all adolescent pregnant mothers in 5 randomly selected villages in Udhar Singh Nagar district, Uttaranchal state. 89% of PW were 16-19 years.

Reference No: 5508General notes: Baseline (pre-intervention) data for randomized, controlled prospective trial designed to evaluate effect of single oral dose of vitamin A on breastmilk concentrations, infant's serum retinol

and infant morbidity. Study excluded preterm infants. Subjects represent low income section of urban population.Sample taken within 24 hours of delivery.Note 16

Cord blood.Note 17

Reference No: 5703General notes: Sample comprised of Dalit mothers (81% LW, 6% PW and 13% NPNLW) with children 6-39 months recuited from 37 villages in 6 townships in Medak district, Andhra Pradesh state. 1

mother per household included, if the household had 2 eligble mothers, one who was at home chosen. Mothers aged last than 15 years and/or with twins excluded. Survey conducted during the rainy season. Local terms for night blindness used (terms in Telegu). Previous XN is XN during last pregnancy.Mean age: 24.3 (SD 3.9) years.Note 18


NOTESINDIA

Reference No: 5811General notes: Three-stage sampling. First stage, Jodhpur district selected at random; second stage, all 6 district sub-units selected; third stage, 4 villages selected per district sub-unit. Western

Rajasthan is often affected by drought, with Jodhpur district being one of the worst affected in terms of nutritional deficiencies.

Reference No: 3795General notes: PPS cluster sampling - 30 clusters. Sample selected from primary schools in the National Capital Territory of Delhi.Reference No: 4546General notes: PW in 3rd trimester attending antenatal clinic (Niloufer Hospital) or private nursing home (Swapna Nursing home) in Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh state.Reference No: 5102General notes: Two-stage PPS cluster sampling. Survey conducted in Karaikudi Area Development Program (ADP) of the Sivaganga district and Gingee ADP of the Villupuram district. Night blindness

assessed by asking mothers whether they or their child had difficulty seeing at dusk/night time. Note that findings in children are difficult to explain, but likely due to a combination of an incorrect age group used for assessment of night blindness and improper identification of Bitot's spots during clinical examination.

Reference No: 5839General notes: Two-stage cluster sampling, stratified. Sample comprised of 75 600 households within 633 villages in the States of Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra,

Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, and West Bengal. Sample selected from rural populations. Pregnant women were at least 24 weeks gestation and lactating mother were less than six months of delivery. Retinol data obtained from reference no 5840. Retinol converted from µg/dL to µmol/L.

Reference No: 301General notes: Facility-based study (Niloufer Hospital, Hyderadbad, Andhara Pradesh state) with women residing in the city and participating in a randomized clinical trial assessing effect of red palm oil

supplementation during pregnancy. Data presented are pre-supplementation values taken at 26-28 weeks gestation. Data obtained during screening conducted at 16-24 weeks gestation not included in the database. Data for Total PW, age, and prevalence of serum retinol less than 0.70 µmol/L obtained by personal communication with author.

Reference No: 5510General notes: Community based cross-sectional survey among Gond tribe in Kundam block of Jabalpur district, Madhya Pradesh state. 27 of 197 tribal villages selected by PPS sampling.Reference No: 284General notes: Baseline survey for vitamin A supplementation with NID campaign. Orissa: PPS Sampling. Sample comprised 6/30 districts, 5 blocks within each selected district. Andhra Pradesh: PPS

sampling. Sample comprised of 1 cluster from each of 10 blocks selected randomly from the 3 districts in the state. Same survey as in reference No. 5131.Reference No: 3589General notes: Baseline survey for National Pilot Programme on Control of Micronutrient Malnutrition. Survey conducted in one district of each of 5 states (Assam, Bihar, Orissa, Tripura and West

Bengal states). Sample comprised randomly selected households from all the blocks in each district and 5 villages from each block selected at random. Sampling described in reference No. 3807.West Bengal state.Note 19West Bengal state.Note 20Bihar state.Note 21Bihar state.Note 22Orissa state.Note 23Orissa state.Note 24Assam state.Note 25Assam state.Note 26Tripura state.Note 27Tripura state.Note 28West Bengal state.Note 29


NOTESINDIA

Bihar state.Note 30Orissa state.Note 31Assam state.Note 32Tripura state.Note 33

Reference No: 3780aGeneral notes: Household survey to provide state level information, part of the national survey 1998-1999. The rural sample selected using two-stage PPS cluster sampling and the urban sample

selected using three-stage PPS cluster sampling. Previous XN is XN in "ever-married" women for the 2 most recent births during the 3 years preceding the survey. Sample size is presented as number of births.

Reference No: 3913General notes: Facility based study of 2 components: 1) baseline data for prospective study examining effect of maternal postpartum supplementation on vitamin A status of infants exclusively

breastfed for up to 6 months, study conducted at Niloufer Hospital, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh state; 2) cross-sectional data on breastfed infants (9 and 12 months) attending immunization clinic, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh state.Cord blood. Standard error of the mean: 0.15 µmol/LNote 34Cord blood. Standard error of the mean: 0.25 µmol/LNote 35Standard error of the mean: 0.30 µmol/LNote 36Standard error of the mean: 0.27 µmol/LNote 37

Reference No: 4534General notes: Two-stage PPS sampling, stratified by rural/urban strata. National figures adjusted for non-response and weighted to the proportion of projected population in rural and urban areas.

XN prevalence is an approximate figure.Note 38Reference No: 5463General notes: Sample comprised pre-SAC from the Kodaku tribe, Sarguja district, Chhattisgarh state. 25 of 131 villages selected by stratified proportionate sampling method.

Reference No: 4606General notes: Cluster sampling used. Baseline survey for micronutrient control programme. Mahoobnagar district, Andhra Pradesh state. Sample comprised 10 521 households from 29 selected

clusters."About 10 300 pre-SAC surveyed".Note 39

Reference No: 4539General notes: PW recruited from villages in 2 rural districts of Tamil Nadu. Baseline data from supplementation trial of infants. Previous XN is XN during pregnancy ending with a live birth in the

previous 6 months preceding the survey.Reference No: 2972General notes: Household survey to provide state and national level information, covering more than 99% of India's population living in all 26 states. Survey does not cover all the union territories. The

rural sample selected using two-stage PPS cluster sampling and the urban sample selected using three-stage PPS cluster sampling. Previous XN is XN in "ever-married" women for the 2 most recent births during the 3 years preceding the survey. Sample size is presented as number of births. Survey conducted in Tripura state in year 2000.Dissaggregated data obtained from reference No. 2584.Note 40Dissaggregated data obtained from reference No. 3773.Note 41Dissaggregated data obtained from reference No. 2586.Note 42Dissaggregated data obtained from reference No. 3774.Note 43Dissaggregated data obtained from reference No. 2971.Note 44


NOTESINDIA

Dissaggregated data obtained from reference No. 2970.Note 45Dissaggregated data obtained from reference No. 3775.Note 46Dissaggregated data obtained from reference No. 3776.Note 47Dissaggregated data obtained from reference No. 3777.Note 48Dissaggregated data obtained from reference No. 3778.Note 49Dissaggregated data obtained from reference No. 2585.Note 50Dissaggregated data obtained from reference No. 3779.Note 51Dissaggregated data obtained from reference No. 2587.Note 52Dissaggregated data obtained from reference No. 3781.Note 53Dissaggregated data obtained from reference No. 2969.Note 54Dissaggregated data obtained from reference No. 3782.Note 55Dissaggregated data obtained from reference No. 3783.Note 56Dissaggregated data obtained from reference No. 3772.Note 57Dissaggregated data obtained from reference No. 2583.Note 58Dissaggregated data obtained from reference No. 3784.Note 59Dissaggregated data obtained from reference No. 2584.Note 60Dissaggregated data obtained from reference No. 3773.Note 61Dissaggregated data obtained from reference No. 2586.Note 62Dissaggregated data obtained from reference No. 3774.Note 63Dissaggregated data obtained from reference No. 2971.Note 64Dissaggregated data obtained from reference No. 2970.Note 65Dissaggregated data obtained from reference No. 3775.Note 66Dissaggregated data obtained from reference No. 3776.Note 67Dissaggregated data obtained from reference No. 3777.Note 68Dissaggregated data obtained from reference No. 3778.Note 69Dissaggregated data obtained from reference No. 2585.Note 70Dissaggregated data obtained from reference No. 3779.Note 71Dissaggregated data obtained from reference No. 2587.Note 72Dissaggregated data obtained from reference No. 3781.Note 73Dissaggregated data obtained from reference No 2969.Note 74Dissaggregated data obtained from reference No. 3782.Note 75Dissaggregated data obtained from reference No. 3783.Note 76Dissaggregated data obtained from reference No. 3772.Note 77Dissaggregated data obtained from reference No. 2583.Note 78Dissaggregated data obtained from reference No. 3784.Note 79Dissaggregated data obtained from reference No. 2584.Note 80Dissaggregated data obtained from reference No. 3780b.Note 81Dissaggregated data obtained from reference No. 3773.Note 82


NOTESINDIA

Dissaggregated data obtained from reference No. 2586.Note 83Dissaggregated data obtained from reference No. 3774.Note 84Dissaggregated data obtained from reference No. 2971.Note 85Dissaggregated data obtained from reference No. 2970.Note 86Dissaggregated data obtained from reference No. 3775.Note 87Dissaggregated data obtained from reference No. 3776.Note 88Dissaggregated data obtained from reference No. 3777.Note 89Dissaggregated data obtained from reference No. 3778.Note 90Dissaggregated data obtained from reference No. 2585.Note 91Dissaggregated data obtained from reference No. 3779.Note 92Dissaggregated data obtained from reference No. 3780b.Note 93Dissaggregated data obtained from reference No. 3780b.Note 94Dissaggregated data obtained from reference No. 3780b.Note 95Dissaggregated data obtained from reference No. 3780b.Note 96Dissaggregated data obtained from reference No. 2587.Note 97Dissaggregated data obtained from reference No. 3781.Note 98Dissaggregated data obtained from reference No. 2969.Note 99Dissaggregated data obtained from reference No. 3782.Note 100Dissaggregated data obtained from reference No. 3783.Note 101Dissaggregated data obtained from reference No. 3772.Note 102Dissaggregated data obtained from reference No. 2583.Note 103Dissaggregated data obtained from reference No. 3784.Note 104

Reference No: 4159General notes: Sample selected from attendants at antenatal clinic RG Kar Medical College and hospital, Calcutta.

Reference No: 5750General notes: Multi-stage PPS cluster sampling of tribal areas in nine states (Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Tamilnadu and West Bengal). Tribe

people constitute about 8% of the total population in India and live in unique physical, socio-economic and cultural environment, isolated from the general population. They form a distinct group compared to other populations.

Reference No: 1202General notes: Sample selected from women in 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy attending Antenatal Clinic, Rural Health Training centre Najafgarh, New Delhi.

XN in both current and previous pregnancy: 1.20%Note 105Reference No: 3549General notes: 30-cluster sampling. Sample comprised children from 16 districts of 11 states and PW from 15 districts of 11 states. Mothers asked questions to assess night blindness in children.

Reference No: 2991General notes: Children randomly selected from 33 childcare centers in the town of Kumbakonam, Tamil Nadu.


NOTESINDIA

Reference No: 5813General notes: Baseline data of intervention study on the effect of vitamin A and iron supplementation on the serum vitamin A and hemoglobin levels. Subjects were pregnant women attending rural

health centres. Subjects in intervention study were 17-24 weeks gestational age. Serum retinol converted from µg/L to µmol/L.Reference No: 4105General notes: Sample selected from 2 urban slums of National Capital Territory of Delhi. All families with children 0-5 years enlisted. Every alternate family surveyed.Reference No: 4732General notes: Sample comprised of women and their newborns identified in urban slums (Dakshinpuri and Tigri) in New Delhi who agreed to participate. Study designed to assess the safety and

efficacy of postpartum maternal vitamin A supplementation. Study methods in reference No. 3627. Previous XN is XN during last pregnancy, which ended with delivery 6 weeks prior to the start of the study.

Reference No: 3972General notes: Sample comprised of all school-aged children in government schools in the village of Kedar, Tamil Nadu state.

Combined prevalence (X2, X1B): 3.10%Note 106Reference No: 2024General notes: Sample selected from families of low SES in slum areas of Bombay and its suburbs. No sampling description. Serum retinol concentrations converted µg/dL to µmol/L.

Reference No: 2808General notes: Sample comprised of 10 randomly selected Panachayats from 4 ecological zones in North Acrot Ambedkar district, K.V. Kuppan Block, Tamil Nadu state. Droughtprone and economically

disadvantaged area.Reference No: 2023General notes: Sample selected from Bhankheda village, Warda district, Maharashtra state.Reference No: 280General notes: Sample selected from 3 panchayat unions in Trichy district, Tamil Nadu. Blood samples taken from randomly selected 2% of children. Baseline for supplementation trial.

Combined prevalence (X2, X3A, X3B): 0.05%Note 107

Reference No: 2963General notes: No sampling discription. Disaggregated data by religion and SES group not included in the database.

Prevalence calculated from sample size.Note 108

Reference No: 3049General notes: Survey carried out in urban slum area (total poulation of 9000) of Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh state by door to door visits.Reference No: 283General notes: Survey covered 13 villages of Kashi Vidyapeeth Block, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh state selected by purposive sampling.

Combined prevalence (X3A, X3B): 0.34%Note 109Reference No: 282General notes: Baseline data for study on the effect of vitamin A supplement on morbidity and mortality. Survey carried out in 5 primary health centres covering 84 villages in a district of Andhra

Pradesh state. Mothers asked about night blindness using local term.Combined prevalence (XN, X1B): 6.00%Note 110


NOTESINDIA

Reference No: 281General notes: Study carried out in 10/100 childcare centres in urban slum areas of Gorakhpur, Uttar Prasdesh state. Repeated survey carried out 6 months after initial survey. Disaggregated data for

total xerophthalmia prevalence by sex and age not includd in the database.Initial survey. Combined prevalence (X3A, X3B): 0.07%Note 111

Reference No: 2964General notes: Sample comprised of pre-SAC from all 11 blocks (sub-district administrative units) of Panchmahals district, Gujarat state. 3 to 7 villages per block randomly selected.

Combined prevalence (X2, X3A, X3): 0.50%Note 112Combined prevalence (X2, X3A, X3): 0.10%Note 113Combined prevalence (X2, X3A, X3): 0.00%Note 114Combined prevalence (X2, X3A, X3): 0.70%Note 115Combined prevalence (X2, X3A, X3): 0.40%Note 116Combined prevalence (X2, X3A, X3): 0.50%Note 117Combined prevalence (X2, X3A, X3): 1.50%Note 118

Reference No: 2979General notes: Sample comprised of all children present on examination day at 7 randomly selected muncicipal schools (out of 163) in urban slum, Gujarat state. Rose bengal dye used to identify X1A.

Local term for night blindness used.

Reference No: 269General notes: Sample selected from Madhyamgram PHC area, Barasat Block II, 24 Parganas district, West Bengal state. Sample comprised 88 villages and 1 urban slum. Same survey reported in

reference No. 268.Combined prevalence (X3A, X3B): 0.05%Note 119

Reference No: 266General notes: Sample selected from Karda and Javala villages, Maharashtra state. Drought affected area. Serum retinol concentrations converted from µg/mL to µmol/L.

SR concentration range: 0.07-1.01 µmol/L, median: 0.40 µmol/LNote 120Reference No: 4117General notes: Sample comprised of all children attending primary school in 17 villages, randomly selected from the 36 villages with primary schools in the primary health center blocks of Seloo and

Bhidi, Wardha district, Maharashtra state.

Reference No: 3923General notes: Baseline data for supplementation trial of mother/infant pairs. Sample comprised low-income women attending clinics on an out-patient basis in 2 local hospitals in Hyderbad, Andhra

Pradesh state. Plasma retinol concentrations converted from µg/L to µmol/L.Gestational age 12-14 weeks. Standard error of the mean: 0.05 µmol/LNote 121Gestational age 16-18 weeks. Standard error of the mean: 0.06 µmol/LNote 122Gestational age 20-22 weeks. Standard error of the mean: 0.04 µmol/LNote 123Gestational age 24-26 weeks. Standard error of the mean: 0.06 µmol/LNote 124Gestational age 28-32 weeks. Standard error of the mean: 0.05 µmol/LNote 125Gestational age 34-38 weeks. Standard error of the mean: 0.05 µmol/LNote 126Standard error of the mean: 0.12 µmol/LNote 127


NOTESINDIA

Reference No: 1847General notes: Sample selected from 5 schools in rural areas of Jarsa block, Allahabad district, Uttar Pradesh state. Area mainly inhabited by "Kol" tribes. Sample comprised 88% male and 12% female.

Reference No: 3046General notes: Survey conducted in Pandharpur rural area and Solapur city slum area, Solapur district, Maharashtra state. Sample comprised all children from 14 village childcare centers (Anganwadis)

in rural areas and 15 childcare centers in urban slum areas. Random non-selective sampling.Reference No: 285General notes: Sample comprised of pre-SAC from 4 villages around Sevagram (Sevagram, Warud, Karanji Kaji and Paunar), Maharashtra state.Reference No: 3051General notes: Sample comprised of individuals from schools and households in randomly selected blocks from each district in Haryana state. For children, only those who sought care through

organized eye-camps and those examined in school surveys included in the analysis.Combined prevalence: (X1B, XN, X2, X3A, X3B): 0.97%Note 128Combined prevalence: (X1B, XN, X2, X3A, X3B): 2.03%Note 129Combined prevalence: (X1B, XN, X2, X3A, X3B): 0.70%Note 130Combined prevalence: (X1B, XN, X2, X3A, X3B): 0.36%Note 131Combined prevalence: (X1B, XN, X2, X3A, X3B): 0.09%Note 132Combined prevalence: (X1B, XN, X2, X3A, X3B): 0.74%Note 133Combined prevalence: (X1B, XN, X2, X3A, X3B): 0.73%Note 134Combined prevalence: (X1B, XN, X2, X3A, X3B): 1.06%Note 135Combined prevalence: (X1B, XN, X2, X3A, X3B): 0.88%Note 136Combined prevalence: (X1B, XN, X2, X3A, X3B): 0.97%Note 137Combined prevalence: (X1B, XN, X2, X3A, X3B): 0.36%Note 138Combined prevalence: (X1B, XN, X2, X3A, X3B): 2.14%Note 139Combined prevalence: (X1B, XN, X2, X3A, X3B): 1.03%Note 140Combined prevalence: (X1B, XN, X2, X3A, X3B): 0.53%Note 141Combined prevalence: (X1B, XN, X2, X3A, X3B): 0.90%Note 142

Reference No: 4071General notes: Sample comprised of 9 villages selected from 83 in Taluk of Ankola, North Canara district, Myosore state (now Karnataka state).


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