India & India’s · PDF fileThe Ganges & ... India’s economy-Farming Ranges from...
Transcript of India & India’s · PDF fileThe Ganges & ... India’s economy-Farming Ranges from...
Landforms & Rivers
Himalayas—includes
Kashmir Valley
The fertile Gangetic Plain
Deccan Plateau bordered by the
Eastern & Western Ghats (mountains)
Major Rivers—
The Ganges &
The Brahmaputra
Himalayas
Mt. Everest
Climates & Resources
Climates are varied from tropical, semi-
arid and highlands
Monsoons have a
strong influence
on climate
26 inches of rain in
Mumbai (Bombay), India
Monsoons
Key
resources
are the soil &
rivers
Various
mineral
deposits—
coal,
iron ore, oil,
bauxite &
uranium
History
Aryans drove the Dravidians South in
1500 BC
Hinduism & Buddhism
developed
Muslims empire
formed at Delhi in
the 1200s
Mughal empire
established
in the 1520s Varanasi, or Benaras, is one of the
oldest living cities in the world.
European Influence
Traders from Portugal, France &
Britain arrived in 1490
Britain defeated France for control of
India
The British built the infrastructure,
taught English, influenced education,
law & government
Britain partitioned India at
independence
Britain's Lord Mountbatten
reveals partition plan to the
Indian nationalist leader
Nehru (l) and Muslim League
President Jinnah (r).
India’s Religions
Hinduism is the main
faith=80%
Islam practiced by a
large minority in the
north
Christianity followed
by 20 million
Buddhism by less
than 1%
Culture
Very diverse ethnically: Aryan & Dravidian
More than 1000 languages and dialects —Hindi is the main language but English is widely spoken
Typical clothing is designed for hot weather
India’s economy-Farming
Ranges from subsistence
agriculture to modern technology
Farming is key-more than ½ the
land area. Many farms are small
Major crops are
rice, wheat, tea,
sugarcane &
sorghum
India’s Industrial Base Rank 10th in industrial
production
Many cottage
industries-weaving
Large scale production
of textiles & steel
High-tech computer
industry in Bangalore
Roads, traffic, and driving is a real experience in
Bangalore, India. No rules, no regulations.
Challenges Most Indians live in villages with traditional lifestyles & few services.
Cities are growing rapidly—smog, noise & congestion. Both are poor
Problems: poverty, health & education
Tensions with Pakistan (Kashmir, water) & China (borders)
Ethnic conflicts—Hindus, Muslims & Sikhs
Slum city outside of Mumbai (Bombay),
India
India’s Perimeter Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan,
Bangladesh, Sri Lanka & Maldives
Climates are varied from arid to
tropical
Monsoons promote lush forests are
varied wildlife (tigers, elephants)
Tropical cyclones in the Bay of
Bengal
Pakistan-mainly arid & semi-arid
Highlands in Pakistan, Nepal &
Bhutan have some forests & wildlife
(bears & deer)
Central Nepal
The Indus River in
northern areas of
Pakistan
Resources
Generally not rich
in resources
Pakistan & Sri
Lanka have most
of the resources
Sri Lanka has
gemstones
Nepal & Bhutan
have hydroelectric
potential Sri Lanka
History
Persians, Greeks, &
Indians occupied the
region
Turkic Muslims brought
Islam in AD 1000
Europeans colonized the region
Partition divided India from East & West
Pakistan. East Pakistan became
Bangladesh (1971)
Mosque in Bangladesh
Culture
The cultures of the Indian Perimeter are Multiethnic & Multilingual
Three major religions—Buddhism & Hinduism in Nepal, Bhutan & Sri Lanka---Islam in Pakistan, Bangladesh & Maldives
Religious practice is very important to this region
A Sikh man at the Golden Temple
of Amritsar, Punjab
Economic Foundations Industrialization is limited by
scarce resources
Heavy reliance on agriculture
throughout the region
Pakistan—nearly ½ work in
agriculture, some manufacturing
Bangladesh—farming, clothing,
logging
Sri Lanka—crops (tea, rubber) &
mining
Nepal & Bhutan—farming &
timber, some tourism
Karachi—the financial
capital of Pakistan
Tea Picker in Sri Lanka
Settlement Patterns
Mainly Rural, some growing cities
Pakistan-1/3rd Urban in the Indus Valley
Nepal & Bhutan-low population density
Bangladesh & Sri Lanka-mostly rural & densely populated
Villages in fertile farming areas are close together
The Valley of Hunza in Pakistan. —
Agricultural terracing
Challenges
They are dealing
with developing
country issues—
poverty, health,
population growth
Environmental-
deforestation,
effects of tourism,
flooding & global
warming
The worst floods to hit South Asia for a decade
have left more than 1,000 people dead and
millions homeless. Two thirds of Bangladesh
are under water while the floodwaters in the
capital Dhaka have reached waist height