India. Early India The first settlements 3000 B.C.E., when farmers settled along the Indus River in...
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Transcript of India. Early India The first settlements 3000 B.C.E., when farmers settled along the Indus River in...
India
Early India The first settlements 3000 B.C.E., when farmers
settled along the Indus River in what is now Pakistan.
By 2500 B.C.E. the entire region was dominated by two cities called;• Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro
Caste System
• The Caste System is India’s rigid social stratification based on Religion.
Social division of the Caste System:• Brahmins - Priests/Rulers• Kshatriyas - Warriors• Vaishyas - Merchants• Shudras - Farmers• Untouchables; Non-Aryans
India’s First Empires
Ashoka
The Buddhist King of India• Buddhism turned
Ashoka, the bloodthirsty king of ancient India’s Mauryan Empire, into a peace-loving ruler.
The Mauryan Empire is Established
Chandragupta Maurya Seizes Power• In 321 B.C.
Chandragupta Maurya seizes power, starts Mauryan Empire
Chandragupta Maurya Unifies North India• Chandragupta defeats
Seleucus I; north India is united for the first time
• Chandragupta uses taxes to support his large army
The Mauryan Empire is Established
Running the Empire• Chandragupta’s chief adviser is Kautilya,
a priest• Chandragupta creates a bureaucratic
government• He divides the government to make it
easier to rule
The Mauryan Empire is Established
Life in the City and the Country• A Greek ambassador
writes glowing praise of the empire
• Chandragupta’s son rules from 301 to 269 B.C., (32 years)
• Ashoka—Chandragupta’s grandson, brings the empire to its height
Mahabodhi Temple, site of first temple built by Asoka (3rd century B.C.) on spot of Buddha’s enlightenment. Bihar, India
The Mauryan Empire is Established
Asoka Promotes Buddhism• After a bloody war with Kalinga, Asoka
promotes Buddhism and peace• Preaches religious toleration—accepting
people of different religions• Builds roads, with wells along them
A Period of Turmoil
The Breakup of the Mauryan Empire• Asoka dies in 232 B.C.; kingdoms in
central India soon break away• The Andhra Dynasty dominates central
India for centuries• Northern India receives immigrants from
Greece and other parts of Asia• Tamils—a people living in southern
India—remain separate and frequently war with rival peoples.
The Gupta Empire is Established
Chandra Gupta Builds an Empire• Chandra Gupta
marries into kingship in north India in A.D. 320
• Starts Gupta Empire—India’s second empire; flowering of Indian civilization, especially Hindu culture (see next slide)
• His son Samudra Gupta expands empire with conquest
Radha and Krishna in the grove.
Painting (about 1780)
The Gupta Empire is Established
Daily Life in India• Majority of Indians are farmers; entire
family raises crops together• Families are patriarchal—headed by
the eldest male• Farmers have to contribute work to
government and pay heavy taxes• Some Tamil families are matriarchal—
led by mother rather than father
The Gupta Empire is Established
Height of the Gupta Empire• Chandra Gupta II rules from A.D. 375-
415• He defeats the Shakas and adds western
coast to empire• Gupta Empire sees flourishing of arts,
religion, and science• After Chandra Gupta II dies, the empire
declines