• Mission critical communications over 4G and 5G Vertical applications

architecture characteristics • 4G / 5G capabilities • 4G / 5G availability

• Use cases • Public safety scenarios

• Defense Scenarios • Industry Scenarios • Transportation Scenarios

• Conclusions

Index

Networks for critical communications and vertical markets

The Critical Communications mobile services require specific network services which can be performed considering network architecture often not usually provided by the traditional Public Communication networks. The evolution of the 3GPP networks, starting from the 4G, provides some features which can encounter the requirements of vertical applications. We can briefly concentrate on two important main aspects of the network architecture: • Network slicing, • Separation of User Plane and Control Plane (i.e. Edge computing), which are able to promote the implementation of vertical applications. Is out of scope of this presentation analyzing the aspect of the availability of spectrum for vertical market, even if it’s important for the implementation of dedicated networks when required.

AMF PCF

UE (R)AN UPF

Operator’s IPServices

(e.g. IMS, MCX, etc)

N13

N7

N3 N6

N2 N4N1

AFN5SMFN11

N9

AUSF

N8N12

UDM

N10

N14 N15

NSSF

N22

Network slicing Network slicing provides to vertical flexibility on network configuration in term of specific requirements. Network slicing is based on ETSI NFV and it can be applied to 4G of 5G. • In 5g it is a native concept and provide several possibilities of network service customization • In 4G it is applicable with some limitation mainly on 4G RAN which is less flexible than 5G RAN

In 5G the architecture of the core functions favor the customization of the services. Even the 5G RAN can be customized (with some limitation). Create a slice in 4G is possible implementing a dedicated Core Network and applications and sharing the RAN, defining QoS parameters and SLA. Several implementation in the world are available.

5G RAN

Control and User Plane Separation Vertical applications wish to have the possibility to handle information (User Plane) locally, to reduce latecy, traffic in the network, security, …, while the Control Plane core network functions can be centralized. • This feature is native in 5G; • The virtualization techniques make it possible also in the 4G eco-system.

AMF PCF

UE (R)AN UPF

Operator’s IPServices

(e.g. IMS, MCX, etc)

N13

N7

N3 N6

N2 N4N1

AFN5SMFN11

N9

AUSF

N8N12

UDM

N10

N14 N15

NSSF

N22

User Plane (data plane)

Control Plane

5G architecture

4G architecture (CUPS)

4G and 5G 4G • Density of access to Internet with mobiles • On-demand services • Higher and higher definition of video sources • Internet of things arising • Remote interactions with high reliability • Autonomous vehicles

5G Promises • Dramatic upsurge in device scalability • Massive data streaming and high data rate • Higher and higher definition of video sources • Spectrum utilization • Ubiquitous connectivity • “Zero” Latency

Real 5G penetration 2018-2025

GSMA report: «The Mobile economy 2019»

Public safety scenarios Video and multimedia in operations in an secure and reliable way Taking advantage of new way of working without compromising with security and operational efficiency Infrastructural / tactical applications First Responders, Police Forces, Medical Emergencies

• Video communications • Multimedia chat • Large data sharing/access • Precise location • Backward compatibility with previous

PPDR networks • Multi agency interoperation • Sensors / wearable devices

• Reliability • Throughput • Mobility • Security • Low Latency • Coverage

eMBB

uRLLC mMTC

Urban chase operations • Multimedia communications among vehicles

and control room • Advanced group communications even multi

agency • High definition video/image sharing • Sensor management (including drones) • Accurate location management • Automated (image) recognition • Database access

• Dense urban deployment – High throughput

• Low Latency QoS (Mission Critical QCI)

• CUPS

4G

5G 1

Wearable sensors for Police • Smart sensors • Wearable cams / smartphones • Biometric data transmission • Context /danger data transmission • Video feeds • PTT communications

• Large coverage • NB-IoT • Low latency (MC QCI) • CUPS to improve latency

4G

5G Urban network infrastructure

M2M – IoT Platform

Application layer

eMBB

uRLLC mMTC

2

Defense scenarios Interest for “lowcost” COTS broadband solution Leverage civil-like ecosystem (APPs,…) Big Security/privacy issues prevent usage in high impact contexts Infrastructural applications / logistics / surveillance Peace keeping operations Border surveillance / coastal control

• Video communications • Multimedia chat • Large data sharing/access • Precise location • Blue Force Situation Awareness • Mil radio integration

• Reliability • Throughput • Mobility • Security • Low Latency • Simplicity

Naval operations • Ship to shore (broadband) connectivity • Cooperating boat connectivity • Range extension • Video support in patrolling operations

• Dedicated RAN (specific phisical-layer configuration), high power eNB

• Usually private network • CUPS

4G

5G

eMBB

uRLLC mMTC

3

Peace keeping infrastructure • Broadband connectivity in bases • Not tactical operations • Logistics / training / surveillance • Police operation in peace keeping • Video cameras • Smartphones / tablets • Possible PTT

• Private Network • Mission Critical

features/applications • Spectrum availability

4G

5G

eMBB

uRLLC mMTC

4

Industrial scenarios Changes in processes are determining an increase in wireless networking role Network resource optimization and new requirements generated by Industry 4.0 models Increasing sensor numbers generating need of rethink connectivity options Manufacturing, automotive, mining/oil&gas, energy&power

• Process control • Real time surveillance • Worker safety and monitoring • Asset management and uptime

assurance • Remote diagnostic and preventive

maintenance • Operations visibility and optimization

• Reliability • Throughput • Mobility • Security • Low Latency • Simplicity

eMBB

uRLLC mMTC

Industrial factory automation • Closed loop control applications (e.g. robot

manufacturing) • Manufacturing units (islands)

• In close proximity each other ( about 100 m) • Large number of sensors and actuators (300 +) • High density of sensors/actuators • Small message size ( < 50 bytes)

• Cycle time 2- 20 ms • Controller: Downlink transaction (command) • Device: processing • Device: Synchronous uplink transaction (feedback)

• Isochronous message delivery • Very low latency (1 ms)

• Very low latency (MC QCIs) • NB-IoT • Possible private RAN/good

coverage indoor • CUPS

4G

5G 5

eMBB

uRLLC mMTC

Industrial process automation • Supervision and open loop applications • Controlled initiated or device initiated

asynchronous transactions • Large number of sensors (> 10000) • Distributed on an extended plant ( about 10 Km2) • Small message size ( < 100 bytes) • Low but non critical latency (100ms / 1 s)

5G 6

• NB-IoT • Possible private RAN/good

coverage indoor • CUPS

4G

Open air mine • Control of fleet of trucks, shovels, drills, loaders • Control of wells and water pumps • Sensors management and telemetry • CCTV operations • Access control • Operational communications

5G

• Low latency (MC QCIs) • NB-IoT • High Throughput • Private RAN needed • CUPS

4G

eMBB

uRLLC mMTC

7

Digital oilfield • Sensor management along the whole

process chain • Sensors management and telemetry • Oilfield security (CCTV access control,…) • Augmented reality for maintenance

operations • Operational communications

5G

• Private Network needed • Mission Critical

features/applications • Spectrum availability • Multi slice architecture (Low

Latency, High Throughput, …)

4G

eMBB

uRLLC mMTC

8

eMBB

uRLLC mMTC

Smart Grids – Smart Metering

• Substations measurements and communications • Fixed line replacement / integration • Intensive signalling exchange in micro grids

including production and storage • Massive metering aggregation • Realtime (more frequent) metering for grid

optimization • Power distribution control

5G 9

• Low latency (MC QCIs) • NB-IoT • Coverage 4G

Transportation Scenarios Projected increased automation and train density in railways operations Vital and not vital operations supported by the same “macro aggregated” infrastructure Security and control issues boosting video in public transportation

• Video communications • Heterogeneous networking • Large data sharing/access • Precise location • Previous generation radio integration

• Reliability • Throughput • Mobility • Security • Low Latency • Simplicity

eMBB

uRLLC mMTC

• FRMCS : Obsolescence of GMS-R and longer term ETCS life

• Network defined in terms of (heterogeneous) applications

• Application classification determining network requirement

• Strong role of video • Heterogeneous radio access

• FRMCS/ETCS (signalling) features • Specific coverage • Low latency for ETCS • Multi Slicing (FRMCS slice, ETCS

slice)

4G

5G

Railways communications evolution

10

eMBB

uRLLC mMTC

• Data connectivity to cranes, vehicles, staff • Broadband ship-to shore communications • Video surveillance / analytics • Gate automation • Sensors IoT, asset (container) tracking? • Multimedia group communications • Unattended gates

5G

Smart port

11

• Mission Critical features/applications

• Multi slice architecture (Low Latency, High Throughput, …)

4G

eMBB

uRLLC mMTC

• Broadband is becoming a viable option in critical communications

• Technology is progressively satisfying “blocking” requirements

• 4G can support several scenarios

• 5G is adding value in “extreme conditions”

Conclusions

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