Independent Organizations

No two exactly alike

Hierarchical

Chain of command

Potential Problems?

Personnel changes

Internal reorganization

Problems with the:

Time-in-Rank System

Officers cannot skip rank

Restrict administrative flexibility

Minor disturbances Service calls Administrative

duties

Books, Movies &

T.V.

Real Police WorkVs.

COPS

“Crime Fighting”:

Questions:

• In what ways does the role of policing differ

in reality from what is seen in the media?

• What is a “typical” day for police officers?

• Is there a “typical” day or does the police

role differ on a daily basis?

Patrol Activities

Deter crime

Maintain public order

Respond quickly

Identify and apprehend law violators

Provide aid

Facilitate the movement of traffic and people

Create a feeling of security in the community

Analyzing Criminal Justice Issues:

SWAT Teams and Paramilitary Units

History and growth

Overkill?

Walking a fine line?

Evidence-Based Justice

The Police Presence and Deterrence

The Kansas City Experiment

Improving Patrol

Order maintenance

Peacekeeping

Aggressive Patrol

Proactive policing

Targeting specific crimes

Improving Patrol:

Broken windows policing

Neighborhood disorder creates fear

Neighborhoods can give out crime-promoting signals

Police need to aggressively target low-level “quality of

life” crimes

Improving Patrol:

Increases in arrests

Rapid response

Procedural justice

Use of technology

Criminal Justice and Technology: In-Car Cameras

Officer Safety

Professionalism and

performance

Defense against complaints

Leadership benefits

Training

Distraction from the job

Too much reliance on the camera

Too much information

Stress and job performance

Criticisms OfReasons For

Analyzing Criminal Justice Issues

Street stories: the world

of police detectives

How Do Detectives Detect?

Informants

Undercover

Interviews

Forensic evidence

Specific focus

General coverage

Informative data gathering

Sting Operations

Organized groups of detectives

Undercover Work

Pose as criminals or as victims

Psychological problems

“War on Drugs: Somalia”:

Questions:

• How organized is the smuggling of khat?

• What are some of the problems with

trying to catch khat smugglers?

Evaluating Investigations

Criticisms: Paperwork, Inefficiency

Improving Investigations

Patrol officers

Specialized units

Collection of physical evidence

Witness identification

Using Technology

Coplink

“Bait Cars”:

Questions:

• In the case of bait cars, how does

technology help catch offenders committing

a crime that is especially difficult to catch?

• Are bait cars a good idea? Why? Why not?

• What problems do you see with bait car

operations?

Careers in Criminal Justice:

Private Detectives and Investigators

Duties and characteristics of the job

Job outlook

Salary

Opportunities

Qualifications

Education and training

Implementing Community Policing

Foot patrol

Federal funding

The Challenges of Community Policing

Defining community

Defining roles

Changing supervisor attitudes

Reorienting police values

Revising training

Reorienting recruitment

Reaching out to every community

Overcoming Obstacles

Criminal Acts, Criminal Places

Combating auto theft

Reducing violence

Gang tactical detail unit

Operation ceasefire

Analyzing Criminal Justice Issues:

The displacement problem Types of displacement

Temporal

Spatial

Target

Tactical

Offense

Intelligence and the Intelligence

Process:

Tactical intelligence

Strategic intelligence

Intelligence sharing

Intelligence-led policing

Blueprint

Intelligence process

principles and policies

Individuals’ privacy and

civil rights

National Criminal Intelligence Sharing Plan

Sharing of information

National model for

intelligence training

Timely and credible

intelligence sharing

Leverage existing systems

and networks, yet allows

flexibility

Fusion Centers

Support for a range of law enforcement activities

Help for major incident operations and support for

units charged with interdiction and criminal

investigations

Provide the means for community input, often

through “tip lines”

Assistance to law enforcement executives

Personnel Service

Internal Affairs Division

Administration and Control

of Budgets

Maintenance and

Dissemination of

Information

Dispatch

Training

Citizen Police Interactions

Forensics

Planners

Police Support Functions

Consolidation

Informal Arrangements

Sharing

Pooling

Differential Police

Responses

Service Districts

Civilian Employees

Multiple Tasking

Special Assignments

Contracting