Incredible invaders: How bark and ambrosia beetles are colonizing the world
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Incredible Invaders: how wood boring beetles are colonizing the world Caroline Storer Jiri Hulcr Craig Bateman Martin Kostovcik School of Forest Resources and Conservation University of Florida
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purple swamphen
hydrilla
fire ants
lionfish
wild pigs
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The wood boring ambrosia beetles
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The redbay ambrosia beetle
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Are avocados
next?
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Cumulative number of established invasive bark and ambrosia beetles species in the U.S.
Lee et al. 2007
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Why are bark and ambrosia beetles incredible invaders?
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Ambrosia beetles build galleries in the xylem of dying trees for farming their symbiotic fungus
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They carry fungus in specialized tissue called mycangia
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Ambrosia beetles push excavated material out of galleries for fungus farming
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Ambrosia beetles have bizarre genetics
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Ambrosia beetles have bizarre genetics
diploid mother
haploid son
Haplo-diploid: Females produce many diploid
daughters and one haploid son
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Ambrosia beetles have bizarre genetics
diploid mother
haploid son
Haplo-diploid: Females produce many diploid
daughters and one haploid son
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Ambrosia beetles have bizarre genetics
diploid mother
haploid son
Haplo-diploid: Females produce many diploid
daughters and one haploid son
Inbreed: The haploid son mates with its sisters
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A single female can start a new population
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Provide new insights into the ecology of the ambrosia beetles using emerging molecular tools
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Diversity and specificity of fungal symbionts in Ambrosia beetles
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Diversity and specificity of fungal symbionts in Ambrosia beetles
Fungal cultures from exotic and native beetles
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Diversity and specificity of fungal symbionts in Ambrosia beetles
Xylosandrus crassiusculus
Xyleborus ferrugineus
Xyleborus affinis
High-throughput sequencing of exotic and native beetle fungal communities
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Diversity and abundance of fungal communities is variable and sometimes beetle species specific
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Patterns of symbiont diversity
Xyleborus diverse, less specific
Xylosandrus less diverse, more specific
Euwallacea diverse, less specific
Beetle Fungus community
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Patterns of symbiont diversity
Xyleborus diverse, less specific
Xylosandrus less diverse, more specific
Euwallacea diverse, less specific
Beetle Fungus community Mycangia
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Population structure and inbreeding in Ambrosia beetles
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Xylosandrus crassiusculus
1 mm
o Abundant
o Exotic (in the US)
o Sometimes pest
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Xylosandrus crassiusculus
1 mm
o Abundant
o Exotic (in the US)
o Sometimes pest
Maryland
Northern NC
Southern NC
North Florida
South Carolina
Central Florida
2-3 beetles sequenced from 6 locations
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genotype-by-sequencing
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genotype-by-sequencing
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genotype-by-sequencing
o Fast - No marker development - Sample prep takes days
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o Fast - No marker development - Sample prep takes days
o High-throughput
- 100s of individuals - 100s of genotypes
genotype-by-sequencing
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o Fast - No marker development - Sample prep takes days
o High-throughput
- 100s of individuals - 100s of genotypes
o Robust - High-quality sequence data - Biological signals are recoverable (Buerkle & Gompert 2013)
genotype-by-sequencing
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o Fast - No marker development - Sample prep takes days
o High-throughput
- 100s of individuals - 100s of genotypes
o Robust - High-quality sequence data - Biological signals are recoverable (Buerkle & Gompert 2013)
genotype-by-sequencing
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restriction-site associated sequencing (RADseq)
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restriction-site associated sequencing (RADseq)
Petterson et al. 2012
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restriction-site associated sequencing (RADseq)
Petterson et al. 2012
ddRADseq enables the sequencing of the same genomic region in many taxonomically related individuals
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No population structure associated with geographic location
Central Florida North Florida South Carolina Southern North Carolina Northern North Carolina Maryland
Principal coordinate 1 (35.34%)
Principal coordinate 2
(14.54%)
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-‐1
-‐0.8
-‐0.6
-‐0.4
-‐0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
FIS
locus
FIS > 0 inbreeding
FIS < 0 outbreeding
Inbreeding detected at most loci
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o Genotype-by-sequencing is possible
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o Genotype-by-sequencing is possible o High inbreeding (>0.8) at most loci, but
some outbreeding may occur
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o Genotype-by-sequencing is possible o High inbreeding (>0.8) at most loci, but
some outbreeding may occur o No genetic structure associated with
geographic location
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o Genotype-by-sequencing is possible o High inbreeding (>0.8) at most loci, but
some outbreeding may occur o No genetic structure associated with
geographic location o High genetic similarity between some
individuals, but not clonal
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o What is the global population structure ambrosia beetles?
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o What is the global population structure ambrosia beetles?
o How does population structure differ between outbreeding and inbreeding ambrosia beetles?
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o What is the global population structure ambrosia beetles?
o How does population structure differ between outbreeding and inbreeding ambrosia beetles? Native and exotic?
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o What is the global population structure ambrosia beetles?
o How does population structure differ between outbreeding and inbreeding ambrosia beetles? Native and exotic?
o Is population structure correlated with fungal symbiont biodiversity?
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o What is the global population structure ambrosia beetles?
o How does population structure differ between outbreeding and inbreeding ambrosia beetles? Native and exotic?
o Is population structure correlated with fungal symbiont biodiversity?
o Are species complexes a phenotypically plastic single species or distinct cryptic species?
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Why are bark and ambrosia beetles incredible invaders?
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Why are bark and ambrosia beetles incredible invaders? o Fungal community diversity and specificity may
facilitate colonization
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Why are bark and ambrosia beetles incredible invaders? o Beetle fungal community diversity and specificity
may facilitate colonization o Some outbreeding may increase genetic
variation, increasing the chances of establishing populations in a new environment
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www.backyardbarkbeetles.org/
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The Forest Entomology Lab at University of
Florida
Dr. Jiri Hulcr
Martin Kostovcik
Craig Bateman
Andrew Johnson
Polly Harding (not shown)
UF Graduate Student Council
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Sequences are sorted by an individual’s unique barcode... 1
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Sequences are sorted by an individual’s unique barcode...
Stack 1 Stack 2
then assembled into locus stacks based on sequence similarity
Stack X
1
2
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89,429 stacks in catalog
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89,429 stacks in catalog
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89,429 stacks in catalog
21,860 stacks shared across
individuals
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89,429 stacks in catalog
2,984 SNP loci
genotyped
21,860 stacks shared across
individuals