Increasing Aquaculture Productivity: Shrimp · Robins McIntosh has been involved in shrimp...
Transcript of Increasing Aquaculture Productivity: Shrimp · Robins McIntosh has been involved in shrimp...
Increasing Aquaculture Productivity: Shrimp
Robins McIntoshCharoen Pokphand Foods
Bangkok , Thailand
ROBINS MCINTOSHCP Group, Thailand
Robins McIntosh has been involved in shrimp aquaculture for 30 years. In 1996, he helped establish Belize Aquaculture, the first zero‐water‐exchange commercial farm in Belize.In 2002, McIntosh joined Charoen Pokphand Foods to assist in the restructuring of shrimp culture in Thailand and Southeast Asia. He continues his work in increasing the efficiency of both white and black tiger shrimp culture
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What Led To The ExplosionIn Shrimp Production?
In the Beginning….
Thailand Shrimp Productions
Pre‐ 1990
Healthy Shrimp‐Most of the Time
Gambler Mentality
“High Market Prices”Lead To Shrimp Fever
Then Stagnation!1994‐2002
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1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
Thailand Shrimp Productions
1992‐2002
Deteriorating shrimp stocks made farming less predictable,and often unprofitable
Followed By The Explosion In Shrimp Production!
2002‐Current
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1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
+100%
Thailand Shrimp Productions
Post 2002
Domesticate, Healthy
Transition to “Industrial Mentality”
• Domestication, Genetic Selection.
• Modernization of Hatcheries.
• Installation of“Controlled Pond” Systems.
• Systemization of Farm Management.
Technology Has Been Key To Increasing Sustainable Production
Species 2002Monodon
2009Vannamei
Cycles/yr 1.8 2.95Stock Density /m2 65 116Harvest Size (g) 16.5 14.2
Yield (kg/ha/yr) 11,952 44,651Survival (%) 62 91
Growth Rate (g/wk) 0.95 1.16FCR 1.73 1.34
Sustainable Increased Efficiencies Have Resulted In Lower
Production Costs
Species 2002
Monodon
2009
Vannamei
Harvest pcs/kg 60 71
Farm Gate Value (USD/kg) 5.70 3.40
Cost of Production/kg (USD) 5.27 2.71Profit/kg (USD) 0.43 0.69
% Profit 7.8 25.4
Domestication, Selective Breeding
“SPF” Shrimp
Sustainable Production Has Been:Increasing Survivorship, Reduced Pond FailuresIncreasing Survivorship, Reduced Pond Failures
(> 6,000 harvests/yr)
5052545658606264666870727476788082848688909294
JULY NOV MAR JULY NOV MAR JULY NOV MAR JULY NOV Mar
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Growth Rate ImprovementKey to cost reduction:
FCR, Time to Harvest, Survival
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2004
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2010
Days of Culture
0.12
0.17
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0.27
0.32
0.37G
row
th (A
DG
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AugOct DecFebAprJunAugOct DecFebMayJulSeptNovJanMarMayJulSeptNovJanMar May
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
1.6 1.5 1.3 FCR
(> 6,000 harvests/yr)
Genetic Gains Have Contributed To Annual Gains In Pond Efficiency
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1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
MJ/
kg
Pond Energy Cost
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1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
FI:F
O R
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Fish In: Fish Out
Genetics Is The Driver For More Efficient Production
Modernization of Hatcheries
• Low Survivals
• Carriers of Disease
• Poor Performance Consistency
Pre‐ 2002
Sanitary
High Survival
Healthy PLs
Consistent Operations
Healthy ShrimpDo Not Require Antibiotics
• Post‐Domestication• Pre‐Domestication
Realization of Genetic Improvement Requires Control Of The Pond
Environment
enetics nvironment
Open Systems Move To Closed, Controlled Systems
• Risk Reduction
Controlling the Pond EnvironmentKey To Realizing Genetic Improvements
• Biosecurity.
• Oxygen.
• Predator and Competitor Exclusion.
• Pond Bottoms.
• Controlled• Uncontrolled
Control Means Reduced Risk
Development Of Technologies That Result In Healthier Environments
Microbes that create a healthier pond environment
Pond Prep
Feeding
OxygenSediments
ProblemsFailure
Consistent Farm Management : Follow the Yellow Brick Road to Success
• Vietnam • China
Implementation OfNew Sustainable Technologies
Requires Education and Investment
The Future: Sustainably More From Less
Production (tons)
Pond Area (Ha)
Yield/Ha/Yr
2002 308,000 85,000 3,625
2009 560,000 55,000 10,200
Lamae Farm (2010)
900 18 50,000
From The Producers:Can The Established Markets Be Increased?