Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage: 2016€¦ · Income in thousands (2016 dollars)...

Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage: 2016

September 2017

URL: http://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-kits/2017/income_poverty.html

Presenters

Host Michael C. Cook, Sr.Chief, Public Information Office

Presenter David G. WaddingtonChief, Social, Economic, and Housing Statistics Division

Go to www.census.gov and click on the slider at the top to access –

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• Median household income for the nation was $59,000 in 2016, an increase in real terms of 3.2 percent from the 2015 median of $57,200.

• The official poverty rate in 2016 was 12.7 percent, down 0.8 percentage points from 2015. In 2016, there were 40.6 million people in poverty, 2.5 million fewer than in 2015.

• The Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM) rate in 2016 was 14.0 percent, 0.5 percentage points lower than the SPM estimate for 2015.

• The percentage of people without health insurance coverage for the entire calendar year was 8.8 percent, or 28.1 million people. This was a decrease of 0.3 percentage points from 2015.

Highlights

Income rounded to nearest $100.Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2016 and 2017 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

4

Erratum Note: The U.S. Census Bureau identified an error in the input of Supplemental Poverty Measure thresholds for renters used in the 2016 Supplemental Poverty Measure data products. The base threshold should have been $26,104 and was erroneously entered as $26,014. This error affected the Supplemental Poverty Measure poverty status for 109 unweighted observations. As a result, the overall Supplemental Poverty Measure poverty rate was understated by 0.06 percentage points—13.91 in published tables compared to 13.97 percent. Corrected tables, research files, and a revised report will be available on our website.

Real Median Household Income: 1967 to 2016

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1967 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2016

Income in thousands (2016 dollars) Recession

$59,000$44,900

Note: The data for 2013 and beyond reflect the implementation of the redesigned income questions. Income rounded to nearest $100.Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1968 to 2017 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

6

Real Median Household Income by Age of Householder: 2015 and 2016

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

15 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older

No significant difference+13.9%

Income in thousands (2016 dollars) 20162015

+3.2%

+4.9%

+3.0%No significant difference

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2016 and 2017 Annual Social and Economic Supplements. 7

Real Median Household Income by Race and Hispanic Origin of Householder: 1967 to 2016

Income in thousands (2016 dollars) Recession

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1967 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2016

Hispanic (any race)

Asian

Black

$81,400

$65,000

$39,500$47,700

Non‐Hispanic White

$65,200

$53,000

$39,400

$27,200

Note: The data for 2013 and beyond reflect the implementation of the redesigned income questions. Income rounded to nearest $100.Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1968 to 2017 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

8

Real Median Household Income by Region: 2015 and 2016

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

U.S. Northeast Midwest South West

No significant difference

+3.2%

Income in thousands (2016 dollars) 20162015

No significant difference

+3.9%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2016 and 2017 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

+3.3%

9

Real Household Income at Selected Percentiles: 1967 to 2016

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

220

240

1967 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2016

Income in thousands (2016 dollars)

10th

50th (median)

90th

$94,500

$10,200

$44,900

Recession

$170,500

$13,600

$59,000

95th

$119,400

$225,300

Note: The data for 2013 and beyond reflect the implementation of the redesigned income questions. Income rounded to nearest $100.Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1968 to 2017 Annual Social and Economic Supplements. 10

Gini Index of Money Income: 1967 to 2016

0.300

0.320

0.340

0.360

0.380

0.400

0.420

0.440

0.460

0.480

0.500

1967 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2016

0.481

0.397

Gini Index

Note: The data for 2013 and beyond reflect the implementation of the redesigned income questions. In 1993 there was a change in data collection methodology.Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1968 to 2017 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

11

0

20

40

60

405060708090100

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2016

Real Median Earnings and Female‐to‐Male Earnings Ratio: 1960 to 2016

(Full‐time, year‐round workers, aged 15 and older)

Earnings of men$38,100 $51,600

Earnings of women$23,100

$41,600

Female‐to‐maleearnings ratio

60.7%

80.5%

RecessionEarnings in thousands (2016 dollars)

Percent

Note: The data for 2013 and beyond reflect the implementation of the redesigned income questions. Earnings rounded to nearest $100.Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1961 to 2017 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

12

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1967 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2016

Total and Full‐Time, Year‐Round Workers with Earnings by Sex: 1967 to 2016

All male workers

Females, full‐timeyear‐round

Males, full‐time year‐round

14.8 million

Numbers in millions

53.2 million

36.6 million

34.4 million

Recession

48.3 million

86.9 million

77.7 million

65.0 millionAll femaleworkers

Note: The data for 2013 and beyond reflect the implementation of the redesigned income questions. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1968 to 2017 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

13

0

5

10

15

20

25

20253035404550

1959 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2016

Number in poverty

Numbers in millions

Poverty Rate and Number in Poverty: 1959 to 2016

Percent

40.6 million

Recession

Poverty rate22.4%

12.7%

39.5 million

12.7%

14Note: The data for 2013 and beyond reflect the implementation of the redesigned income questions. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1960 to 2017 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

Poverty Rates by Race and Hispanic Origin: 1959 to 2016

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1959 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2016

Percent

Non‐Hispanic White

Hispanic (any race) Asian

Black

55.1%

22.8%

16.1%

7.5%

Recession

19.4%

10.1%8.8%

22.0%

15Note: The data for 2013 and beyond reflect the implementation of the redesigned income questions. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1960 to 2017 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

Poverty Rates by Age: 1959 to 2016

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

1959 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2016

Percent

Aged 18 to 64

Under age 18

17.0%

27.3%

35.2%

Aged 65 and older

Recession

18.0%

11.6%9.3%

16Note: The data for 2013 and beyond reflect the implementation of the redesigned income questions. Data for people aged 18 to 64 and 65 and older are not available from 1960 to 1965.Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1960 to 2017 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

Comparison of Female‐to‐Male Poverty Rates: 1966 and 2016

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

All People Under age 18 Aged 18 to 64 Aged 65 and older

Percentage‐point difference (female minus male) 20161966

17Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1967 and 2017 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

3.32.7

1.20.8

3.7 3.7

8.5

3.0

Average Per Capita Income Deficit for Families and Unrelated Individuals in Poverty: 2016

‐$3,058‐$2,749

‐$3,313 ‐$3,031

‐$6,815‐8,000

‐7,000

‐6,000

‐5,000

‐4,000

‐3,000

‐2,000

‐1,000

0

All families Married‐couplefamilies

Families with afemale

householder

Families with amale householder

Unrelatedindividuals

2016 dollars

18Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2017 Annual Social and Economic Supplement.

38.7% Below 50% of poverty threshold 45.6%

61.3% 50% to 99% of poverty threshold 54.4%

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

All People All People People in poverty

Percent

12.7% 5.8%Income below 100 percent of poverty

Income below 50 percent of poverty

Income below 50 percent of poverty

Income from 50 percent to below 100 percent of poverty

45.6%

People with Income at Various Levels of Poverty: 2016


People Below 50 Percent of Their Threshold Among Those in Poverty by Selected Characteristics: 2016

39.451.949.346.5

35.447.745.545.6

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Hispanic(any race)

AsianBlackWhite, notHispanic

Aged 65and over

Aged 18 to64

Under age18

All people

Percent


Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2017 Annual Social and Economic Supplement. www2.census.gov/library/publications/2017/demo/p60‐261.html.

Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM)

21

Official and SPM Thresholds for Units with Two Adults and Two Children: 2016

$24,339 $26,336

$22,298

$26,104

Officialpovertymeasure

Ownerswith a

mortgage

Ownerswithout amortgage

Renters

Supplemental Poverty MeasureThresholds

Source: Official Poverty Thresholds, <www.census.gov/data/tables/time‐series/demo/income‐poverty/historical‐poverty‐thresholds.html>, Supplemental Poverty Measure Thresholds, Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), <https://stats.bls.gov/pir/spmhome.htm>,Geographic adjustments based on housing costs from the American Community Survey 2011‐2015.

2016 Dollars

Note: Thresholds are for renters living in units with two adults and two children

22

Note: Thresholds are for renters living in units with two adults and two children

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

All People Under 18years

18 to 64years

65 yearsand older

Comparison of SPM Poverty Estimates: 2015 and 2016

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2016 and 2017 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.


Percent 20162015

‐0.5 percentage points



+0.8 percentage points

23

Comparison of SPM and Official Poverty Estimates: 2016

*Includes unrelated individuals under age 15.Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2017 Annual Social and Economic Supplement.Erratum Note: The U.S. Census Bureau identified an error in the input of Supplemental Poverty Measure thresholds for renters used in the 2016 Supplemental Poverty Measure data products. The base threshold should have been $26,104 and was erroneously entered as $26,014. This error affected the Supplemental Poverty Measure poverty status for 109 unweighted observations. As a result, the overall Supplemental Poverty Measure poverty rate was understated by 0.06 percentage points—13.91 in published tables compared to 13.97 percent. Corrected tables, research files, and a revised report will be available on our website.

12.7

18.0

11.6

9.3

14.015.2

13.314.5

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

All People Under 18years

18 to 64years

65 yearsand older

Percent SPMOfficial*

24

Change in Number of People in Poverty After Including Each Element: 2016

‐8.1‐3.6‐3.4‐3.1

‐1.3‐0.8‐0.7‐0.6‐0.3‐0.2‐0.2

0.41.5

4.76.0

Refundable tax creditsSNAP

SSIHousing subsidies

School lunchChild support received

Unemployment insuranceTANF/general assistance

WICWorkers' compensation

LIHEAPChild support paidFederal income tax

FICAWork expenses

Medical expenses

‐26.1

10.5

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2017 Annual Social and Economic Supplement. Erratum Note: The U.S. Census Bureau identified an error in the input of Supplemental Poverty Measure thresholds for renters used in the 2016 Supplemental Poverty Measure data products. The base threshold should have been $26,104 and was erroneously entered as $26,014. This error affected the Supplemental Poverty Measure poverty status for 109 unweighted observations. As a result, the overall Supplemental Poverty Measure poverty rate was understated by 0.06 percentage points—13.91 in published tables compared to 13.97 percent. Corrected tables, research files, and a revised report will be available on our website.

Numbers in millions

25

Under 18 years 18 to 64 years 65 years and over

Social Security

‐8.1‐3.6‐3.4‐3.1

‐1.3‐0.8‐0.7‐0.6‐0.3‐0.2‐0.2

0.41.5

4.76.0







FICAWork expenses

Medical expenses

‐26.1

10.5

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2017 Annual Social and Economic Supplement.Erratum Note: The U.S. Census Bureau identified an error in the input of Supplemental Poverty Measure thresholds for renters used in the 2016 Supplemental Poverty Measure data products. The base threshold should have been $26,104 and was erroneously entered as $26,014. This error affected the Supplemental Poverty Measure poverty status for 109 unweighted observations. As a result, the overall Supplemental Poverty Measure poverty rate was understated by 0.06 percentage points—13.91 in published tables compared to 13.97 percent. Corrected tables, research files, and a revised report will be available on our website.

Numbers in millions

25


Social Security


‐8.1‐3.6‐3.4‐3.1

‐1.3‐0.8‐0.7‐0.6‐0.3‐0.2‐0.2

0.41.5

4.76.0







FICAWork expenses

Medical expenses

‐26.1

10.5


Numbers in millions

25


Social Security


‐8.1‐3.6‐3.4‐3.1

‐1.3‐0.8‐0.7‐0.6‐0.3‐0.2‐0.2

0.41.5

4.76.0

Social Security

SNAPSSI

Housing subsidiesSchool lunch

Child support receivedUnemployment insuranceTANF/general assistance



FICAWork expenses

Medical expenses

‐26.1

10.5


Numbers in millions

25


Refundable tax credits


‐8.1‐3.6‐3.4‐3.1

‐1.3‐0.8‐0.7‐0.6‐0.3‐0.2‐0.2

0.41.5

4.76.0

Social SecurityRefundable tax credits






FICAWork expenses

Medical expenses

‐26.1

10.5

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2017 Annual Social and Economic Supplement.Erratum Note: The U.S. Census Bureau identified an error in the input of Supplemental Poverty Measure thresholds for renters used in the 2016 Supplemental Poverty Measure data products. The base threshold should have been $26,104 and was erroneously entered as $26,014. This error affected the Supplemental Poverty Measure poverty status for 109 unweighted observations. As a result, the overall Supplemental Poverty Measure poverty rate was understated by 0.06 percentage points—13.91 in published tables compared to 13.97 percent. Corrected tables, research files, and a revised report will be available on our website.

Numbers in millions

25


SNAP


‐8.1‐3.6‐3.4‐3.1

‐1.3‐0.8‐0.7‐0.6‐0.3‐0.2‐0.2

0.41.5

4.76.0

Social SecurityRefundable tax credits

SNAPSSI

Housing subsidiesSchool lunch

Child support receivedUnemployment insuranceTANF/general assistance



FICAWork expenses

‐26.1Numbers in millions

10.5


Medical expenses

25



Changes in the rate of health insurance coverage reflect:• Economic trends

• Demographic shifts

• Policy changes, such as the Affordable Care Act (ACA)

26

8.8

91.2

67.5

55.7

16.2

37.3

16.7

19.4

4.6

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Uninsured

With health insurance

Any private plan

Employment‐based

Direct‐purchase

Any government plan

Medicare

Medicaid

Military health care*

Percentage of People by Type of Health Insurance Coverage: 2016

*Military health care includes TRICARE and CHAMPVA (Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Department of Veterans Affairs) as well as care provided by the Department of Veterans Affairs and the military.Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2017 Annual Social and Economic Supplement.

27

Change in Percentage of People by Type of Health Insurance Coverage: 2013 to 2016

No statistical change between years.

*Military health care includes TRICARE and CHAMPVA (Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Department of Veterans Affairs) as well as care provided by the Department of Veterans Affairs and the military.Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2014 to 2017 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

28

Uninsured

With health insurance

Any private plan

Employment‐based

Direct‐purchase

Any government plan

Medicare

Medicaid

Military health care*

Percentage point change:2015 to 2016

Percentage point change:2013 to 2016

0

5

10

15

20

25

Less than $25,000 $25,000 to $49,999 $50,000 to $74,999 $75,000 to $99,999 $100,000 to $124,999 $125,000 or more

9.8

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2017 Annual Social and Economic Supplement.

PercentUninsured Rate by Household Income: 2016

13.7

4.2

7.6

5.8

11.9

29

0

5

10

15

20

25

Worked full‐time, year‐round Less than full‐time, year‐round Did not work at least one week


Uninsured Rate by Work Experience, Ages 19 to 64 Years: 2016

14.8 15.0

9.8

30

Percent

0

5

10

15

20

25

White, not Hispanic Black Asian Hispanic


Uninsured Rate by Race and Hispanic Origin: 2016

6.3

16.0

10.5

7.6

31

Percent

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75

2013201420152016

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2013 to 2016 1‐Year American Community Surveys.

Uninsured Rate by Single Year of Age: 2013 to 2016

32

Percent

+

33Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2016 1‐Year American Community Survey.

Uninsured Rate by State: 2016

Uninsured Rate by State and Medicaid Expansion Status: 2016

*Medicaid expansion status as of January 1, 2016.Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2016 1‐Year American Community Survey.

34

2016 uninsured rate: 11.7%2016 uninsured rate: 6.5%

* *

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Below 100% ofpoverty

Between 100% and399% of poverty

At or above 400% ofpoverty

Below 100% ofpoverty

Between 100% and399% of poverty

At or above 400% ofpoverty

*Medicaid expansion status as of January 1, 2016.Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2013 to 2016 1‐Year American Community Surveys.

Expansion states*2013 2014 2015 2016

Uninsured Rate by Poverty Status and Medicaid Expansion of State for Adults Aged 19 to 64 Years: 2013 to 2016

Non‐expansion states*

35

Percent2013 2014 2015 2016

• Median household income for the nation was $59,000 in 2016, an increase in real terms of 3.2 percent from the 2015 median of $57,200.

• The official poverty rate in 2016 was 12.7 percent, down 0.8 percentage points from 2015. In 2016, there were 40.6 million people in poverty, 2.5 million fewer than in 2015.

• The Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM) rate in 2016 was 14.0 percent, 0.5 percentage points lower than the SPM estimate for 2015.

• The percentage of people without health insurance coverage for the entire calendar year was 8.8 percent, or 28.1 million people. This was a decrease of 0.3 percentage points from 2015.

Highlights

Income rounded to nearest $100.Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2016 and 2017 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

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Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage: 2016€¦ · Income in thousands (2016 dollars)...

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