Inclinometer Class - Engineer
-
Upload
laurentiu-tarbuc -
Category
Documents
-
view
231 -
download
2
Transcript of Inclinometer Class - Engineer
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
1/142
Inclinometer Basics and Specs
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
2/142
Landslides
Durham Geo Slope Indicator
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
3/142
Dams and Foundations
Durham Geo Slope Indicator
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
4/142
Road Cuts
Durham Geo Slope Indicator
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
5/142
Diaphragm & Sheet Pile Walls
Durham Geo Slope Indicator
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
6/142
Embankments
Durham Geo Slope Indicator
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
7/142
Tailings Dam
Durham Geo Slope Indicator
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
8/142
How Does an Inclinometer Work
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
9/142
Installed Casing
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
10/142
Surveying the Casing
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
11/142
Inclinometer Probe
A- A+
A+
A-
B+B-
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
12/142
What does the probe
measure ?
Tilt from vertical:
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
13/142
We need a length
LateralDeviation
or simply Deviation
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
14/142
From Tilt to Deviation
Deviation =Lsin
L= Length of hypotenuse
= Angle of tilt
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
15/142
English Readings
English Units
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
16/142
Sine Function
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
17/142
English Calibration
English Units
English Reading = 2 x sin x 10000
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
18/142
Common Practices and Maintenance
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
19/142
Inclinometer Casing
casing straightness and verticality
casing depth
casing termination (for pulley)
mark the A0 groove with paint or a
notch.
survey new installations three fulltimes.
do not create an artificial initialby
averaging these surveys.
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
20/142
Inclinometer Probe
Protect the probe from shock Transport the probe in its carrying
case ins ide your vehicle
Power up the probe when you lower
it into the borehole
Do not allow the probe to strike the
bottom of the borehole
Clamp wheels of the probe in yourhand as you remove it from the
casing
Perform regular maintenance
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
21/142
Inclinometer Cable
avoid over tightening the connectionbetween the probe and cable
perform regular maintenance: O-
rings and moisture
calibrate your control cable
once a year - dimensional
stability and
interchangeability ofcables
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
22/142
Depth Control and Reading
Use a pulley assembly and aconsistent top reference
Always draw the probe upward to
the reading depth
Use the same probe and cable foreach survey
Wait 10 minutes for the probe to
adjust to the temperature of the
borehole.
Wait for displayed readings to
stabilize
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
23/142
Inclinometer Probe Inspection
Check pivot pin Check wheel yoke
Check wheel bearings
Lubricate wheel bearings
Check screws and pins on body
Check end connection keyway
Check O-ring on connection
Check connection pins
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
24/142
Inclinometer Probe Maintenance
Moisture management Lubrication of the wheels
Lubrication of the O-rings
Clean connectors
Proper storage
DO NOT USE SPRAY SOLVENTS
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
25/142
Inclinometer Cable Inspection
Check cable continuityCheck markings, kinks and coiling
Check connector keys
Check connector pins and inserts
Check O-Rings
Check for breaks in cable jacket
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
26/142
Inclinometer Cable Maintenance
Wipe off the cable before storage Allow the connectors to dry
Clean cable as necessary (water or liquinox)
Check connector for cleanliness
NO CHLORINATED SOLVENTS (WD-40)
Coil the cable properly
Self-Calibrate
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
27/142
DataMate Inspection
Check humidity - < 75% Check main battery
Check connectors
Check operations
lock-ups, crashes,
time failure, intermittance
Run Self-Tests
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
28/142
DataMate Maintenance
Moisture management - 5.5v
Clean connectors
Clean surface to avoid build-up
NO CHLORINATED SOLVENTS (WD-40)
Check on/off switch
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
29/142
Inclinometer
Casing andInstallation
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
30/142
Inclinometer Casing
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
31/142
Casing Diameter
3.34 inch 2.75 inch 1.9 inch
English Units
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
32/142
Groove Shape
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
33/142
Groove Spiral
Spiral Specification
< 0.5 of spiral per 10 ft / 3m length of casing.
How to Check
1. Assemble several sections of casing.
2. Align grooves at one end and clamp.
3. Check same pair of grooves at other end.
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
34/142
Quick Connect Couplings
QC Casing
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
35/142
Glue & Rivet Couplings
Standard Casing
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
36/142
Glue & Rivet Couplings
EPIC Casing
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
37/142
Shear-Wire Couplings
CPI Casing
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
38/142
Couplings - Summary
Quick Connect QC Rapid assembly
Flush couplings
Glue & Rivet Standard Very strong
Flush couplings
EPIC Very strongCut-and-couple
Shear Wire CPI Rapid assembly
Very strong
Cold weather
Shear-Wire Rapid assembly
Cold weather
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
39/142
Telescoping Sections
Used when settlement exceeds 2%. Handles 6 inches of settlement.
Length closed: 2.5 ft
Length open: 3 ft.
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
40/142
Borehole Requirements
Depth
Need 5 to 10 readings in stable ground.
Add extra depth for casing anchor or grout valve.
Diameter
Large enough for tremie pipe, if possible.
Verticality
Keep within 1 degree of vertical in A and B axes.
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
41/142
Installation Requirements
Install in the Proper Orientation Use a Stable Backfill
Keep Casing Straight
Terminate for Pulley Assembly
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
42/142
Effect of Orientation Error
cosine (10) = 0.984
c
Ideal 10 Off
10
HA
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
43/142
Use a Stable Backfill
BestBentonite-Cement Grout
Sometimes Acceptable
Pea Gravel
Not Recommended
Sand
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
44/142
Recommended Grout Mixes
For Hard Soil Volume Weight
Cement 94 lb bag 1
Water 30 gallons 2.5
Bentonite 20 to 50 lb
For Soft Soil Volume Weight
Cement 94 lb bag 1Water 75 gallons 6.6
Bentonite 35 to 60 lb
Gro ting ith a Tremie Pipe
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
45/142
Grouting with a Tremie Pipe
Grouting with a Grout Valve
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
46/142
Grouting with a Grout Valve
1.25" grout pipe
Gasket
One-way valve
Uplift after Grouting
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
47/142
Uplift after Grouting
Grout: 89 lb/ft
Casing: 62 lb/ft
Depth: 100 ft
Bottom Cap: 0.04 ft
Uplift: 27 x 100 x .04 = 108 lb
Minimize Casing Curvature
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
48/142
Minimize Casing Curvature
108
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
49/142
Terminate for Pulley Assembly
1.25"
1"
6 ID Pipe
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
50/142
Pulley Assembly
Casing Adaptor
Data Validation
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
51/142
Data Validation
Checksums and Standard Deviation
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
52/142
Actual: 359
Ideal: 349
Bias: +10
A0 at 1
Actual: -339
Ideal: -349
Bias: +10
A180 at 1
Checksum
=A0 + A180
= 359 + (-339)
= 20Probe Bias
= Checksum / 2
= 20 / 2
= 10
Checksums and Standard Deviation
Checksums and Standard Deviation
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
53/142
Checksums and Standard Deviation
Causes of bad checksums: bad positioning of the probe
unstable reading
debris in the casing warped or broken casing
telescoping sections
temperature variations
Checksums and Standard Deviation
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
54/142
Checksums and Standard Deviation
look for consistency in checksums
use graphical data
scan through a column of checksums
the DataMate provides the standard deviation
(s) of checksums
establish your baseline s
collect subsequent survey data and get new s
look fors with numbers within a range of +/- 5
units
acceptable limits must be established based on
the parameters of the installation
Checksums and Standard Deviation
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
55/142
Checksums and Standard DeviationValidating your Data
check the s and compare
check the zone s
identify the bad reading and correct it by
retaking the data at that depth
Dir Validate Memory
Del Compare Print
MN A=51.337 B=45.674
SD A=4.1781 B=5.7170
25. 20. S.D.
A=4.1781 B=5.7170
DataMate and DMM
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
56/142
DataMate and DMM
DataMate
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
57/142
DataMateOn/Off Toggle
Switch
Probe Connector
Socket
Charger Connector
Socket
USB Connector
Socket
Directional Arrow
Keypad
Escape (Menu Up)Button
Enter (Select)
Button
Menu Display
Part Number
Serial Number
Vapor Hole
The switch is a pull-toggleSockets are waterproof only when the
caps or connectors are plugged in
Allows minor moisture to evaporate
DataMate
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
58/142
Read Surveys
Comm Utilities
DataMate
Main Menu
Select the Read menu by moving
the cursor with the arrow keys and
then hitting Enter
DataMate
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
59/142
Record Installation
Correct Manual Read
DataMate
Read Menu
Record Inclinometer ReadingsEdit Installation Parameters
Review and Correct Readings
Operate in Manual Mode
DataMate
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
60/142
DataMate
Main Menu
Select the Surveys menu by
moving the cursor with the arrow
keys and then hitting Enter
Read Surveys
Comm Utilities
DataMate
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
61/142
Dir Validate Memory
Del Compare Print
DataMate
Surveys Menu
List of surveys
Validate a surveyCheck available memory
Delete a survey
Compare one survey with another
Print a survey to a terminal program
DataMate
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
62/142
DataMate
Main Menu
Select the Comm menu by moving
the cursor with the arrow keys and
then hitting Enter
Read Surveys
Comm Utilities
DataMate
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
63/142
Waiting for PC ...
DataMate
Comm Menu
Communications mode for transferring datato and from a computer
DataMate
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
64/142
DataMate
Main Menu
Select the Utilities menu by
moving the cursor with the arrow
keys and then hitting Enter
Read Surveys
Comm Utilities
DataMate
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
65/142
Batt Beep Light
Temp Date Contrast
DataMate
Utilities Menu
Check battery voltage and memory
Toggle audible beep on/off
Toggle backlight on/offCheck humidity and temperature
Check and set time/date
Change display contrast
DataMate Installation Setup
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
66/142
DataMate Installation Setup
Choose Read
Choose Installation
Scroll down to Create
Enter Information as prompted
Enter the edit mode and follow the prompts
The DataMate will exit the edit
mode once finished
Enter any corrections formistakes
DataMate Installation Fields
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
67/142
DataMate Installation Fields
Site & Installation enter up to a 6 digit alpha-
numeric identifier
A0 dir enter a compass heading for the A0 direction
Operator enter your initials (3 character)
Sensor enter the serial number
Sens Type choose Digitilt or Spiral Units choose English
Ins ConstantDONT CHANGE
Start enter starting depth
Endenter 2 for English Intervalenter 2 for English
Good Field Practices
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
68/142
Good Field Practices
Use the same equipment for each survey
Use a pulley assembly
Use a consistent reference
Power on before lowering probe
Allow time to adjust for temperature
Always make the probe read while going upward Wait for stabilization
Cup the wheels (dont allow them to snap)
Validate the readings when finished a complete
survey If you miss a reading or the power goes off, use the
correct command to edit or finish the survey
Recording a Survey
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
69/142
Recording a Survey
Connect the system and power up the probe
Insert the probe with the upper wheel in the A0
direction
Choose Read & Record
Select the installation
Step through the parameters
Wait 10 Minutes
The display will show thestart depth (bottom depth)
Recording a Survey
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
70/142
Recording a Survey
Begin the survey
50.0 204 48
Depth A0 B0
Raise the Probe and wait for stabilization
Take the reading (Press Enter or the trigger)
Recording a Survey
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
71/142
Recording a Survey
Notice the survey advanced
48.0 210 55
50.0* 206* 52*
Raise the Probe and wait for stabilization
Take the reading (Press Enter or the trigger)
After the survey advances,
pull the probe up again
Recorded readings are
shown by an asterisk *
Recording a Survey
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
72/142
Recording a Survey
Repeat until you reach the last reading
Continue 0
Done Del
2.0 210 55
4.0* 206* 52*
Choose Continue
Recording a Survey
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
73/142
Recording a Survey
Notice the Survey changed to the A180 direction
50.0 204 48
Depth A180 B180
Raise the Probe and wait for stabilization
Take the reading (Press Enter or the trigger)
Changed to A180 & B180
Recording a Survey
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
74/142
Recording a Survey
Notice the survey went back to the bottom reading
48.0 210 55
50.0P 206P 52P
Raise the Probe and wait for stabilization
Take the reading (Press Enter or the trigger)
After the survey advances,
pull the probe up again
Recorded readings are
shown by P
Recording a Survey
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
75/142
Recording a Survey
Repeat until you reach the last reading
Continue 0
Done Del
2.0 210 55
4.0P 206P 52P
Choose Done
DMM
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
76/142
DMM
DMM
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
77/142
DMM
Go to www.slopeindicator.com
Select Downloads
Select Software
Select DMM for Windows
Download and install
Click Run
Download and Install
www.slopeindicator.com
Downloads
Software
DMM for WindowsDMM for Windows
Scrolldown
DMM
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
78/142
DMM
Start DMM
Select File
Select Open
Select Project database
Select sample.mdb
Tour of the DMM Software
DMM
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
79/142
DMM
Viewing InstallationsDatabase Name
These are the
installations
InstallationHeader
Ensure the ProbeConstant is 20000
when you are using
English Units
Survey List
Make sure all Depths
are equal and Full
Sets are all True
DMM
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
80/142
DMM
Viewing Surveys
Click to expand the surveys
Surveys are listed
By date and timeWhen you select the
Survey, the readings
Appear in the window
DMM
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
81/142
DMM
Editing Installations
Select a survey
Select Edit/Add
This is where you would
move a survey to another
installation
Shift
Columns to
correct sign
errors
DMM
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
82/142
DMM
Plotting Data
Select a survey
Select Survey from the menu
Select Compare
Or simply right click on the survey
and select Compare
DMM
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
83/142
DMM
Plotting DataChoose baseline to beable to compare surveys
Choose the
survey you want
to compare
DMM
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
84/142
DMM
Open your project database by selecting
the File menu
Select Save As
Select Setup Database
The defaults are set to save in the DMM
folder, but choose your own path
Setup a project database
Open DMM
DMM
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
85/142
DMM
Connect the DataMate to the port on your
computer
Select File menu
Select Open
Select Setup Database The setup
database must be displayed
Select the Comm menu on the DataMate
When the file is open, choose theDataMate menu in DMM
Select Send Setup
Send the Setup to the DataMate
Waiting for PC ...
DMM
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
86/142
DMM
Sending a new setup will erase everything stored in the
DataMate
Click No if you did not back up your DataMate
Go back and Retrieve All from your DataMate
Redo the steps to send your new setup
You are ready to go and start the survey.
Send the Setup to the DataMate
DMM
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
87/142
DMM
Retrieve a recorded survey
Open DMMSelect retrieve new from the DataMate menu
DMM
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
88/142
Waiting for PC ...
DMM
Comm Menu
Go to the Comm menu on your DataMate
DMM
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
89/142
DMM
DMM will display the new data in a slightly darker colorTile the windows vertically with the new survey and your
existing database
Click and hold
the survey you
want to copy
Drag and
drop on the
installationyou want to
copy to
DigoPro and Data Analysis
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
90/142
DigoPro and Data Analysis
DigoPro and Data Analysis
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
91/142
DigoPro and Data Analysis
Open DigiProSelect File then Open the choose
sample.mdb
Select your Installation and createa new survey
DigoPro and Data Analysis
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
92/142
go o a d a a a ys s
Choose your report template
DigoPro and Data Analysis
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
93/142
g y
Notice the selected graph is
highlighted
Clicking on the graph opens
the properties box
Calculating Deviation
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
94/142
Calculating Deviation
Deviation = L xsin
Reading = 2 x sin x 10000
sin = Reading20000
Deviation = L x Reading
20000
L
English Units
Example: Calculating Deviation
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
95/142
Example: Calculating Deviation
L= 24 in
Deviation = L x A
20000
= 24 in x 349
20000= 0.4188 in
English Units
Combining A0 & A180 Readings
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
96/142
Combining A0 & A180 Readings
A0:349 A180:-349 Find theAlgebraic Difference:
= A0 A180
= 349 (-349)
= 698
and divide by 2:
= 698 / 2= 349
English Units
Difference & Probe Bias
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
97/142
Difference & Probe Bias
A0 at 1
Ideal: 349
A180 at 1
Ideal: -349
Ideal Difference
= 349 (349)
= 698Actual Difference
= 359 (-339)
= (349 +10) (-349 +10)= 698
English Units
Actual: 359
Bias: +10
Actual: -339
Bias: +10
Difference vs Checksums
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
98/142
Difference vs Checksums
Actual: 359
Ideal: 349
Bias: +10
A0 at 1
Actual: -339
Ideal: -349
Bias: +10
A180 at 1
Difference= A0 A180
= 698
Checksum=A0 + A180
= 359 + (-339)
= 20
English Units
Calculating Displacement
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
99/142
Calculating Displacement
Displacement = Deviation= Deviation n Deviation 0
= L x Algebraic Difference
40000
English Units
Graphing Inclinometer Data
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
100/142
Graphing Inclinometer Data
Presentation Graphs
Displacement vs Depth
Displacement vs Time
Diagnostic Graphs
Casing Curvature
Casing Profile
Checksums
Two Types of Displacement Graphs
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
101/142
o ypes o sp ace e G ap s
Displacement
vs Depth
Displacement vs Time
Displacement
D th
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
102/142
vs Depth
Incremental
Cumulative
Incremental Cumulative
Displacement vs Time
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
103/142
Movement at selected zone, plotted against time.
Deviation vs
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
104/142
Displacement
Deviation:
Position
Displacement:Change in position
Deviation Displacement
Diagnostic
G h
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
105/142
Graphs
Straightness Plot
Profile Plot
Straightness Profile
Checksum
G h
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
106/142
Graphs
Checksum Difference Checksum
Presentation Tip
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
107/142
Keep your graphs simple
and easy to understand.
Graphing Tip
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
108/142
Choose scales that
reveal appropriateinformation and hide
noise.
DigoPro and Data Analysis
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
109/142
Error Analysis
Accuracy
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
110/142
English Units
Total Error
0.3 inch per 100 ft.
Random Error
0.05 inch per 100 ft.
Systematic Error 0.25 inch per 100 ft.
Limit of Precision
0.01 inch per reading. 0.05 inch per 100 ft.
Sources of Error
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
111/142
ProbeBias shift*
Rotation*
Connectors
Wheels
CableDepth control*
Poor storage
Stretching
Shrinking
ReadoutOperation
CasingInclination*
Curvature*
Backfill
Grooves
Couplings
Systematic ErrorsBias Shift Rotation Depth
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
112/142
Bias Shift Rotation Depth
Bias-Shift Error
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
113/142
Example 1 Example 2
Bias Shift and Checksums
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
114/142
Displacement Checksums
Correcting Bias-Shift Error
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
115/142
Error Corrected
Rotation Error
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
116/142
Example 1 Example 2
Rotation Error & Cross-Axis Profile
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
117/142
Displacement A Casing Profile B
Example 1
Rotation Error & Cross-Axis Profile
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
118/142
Displacement B Casing Profile A
Example 2
Calculating a Correction Factor
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
119/142
Factor = Displacement Error A
Profile B
Displacement Error A = 35 mm
Profile B = 4226 mm
Factor = 35
4226
=0.0083
Displacement A Profile B
35 4226
Correcting Rotation Error
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
120/142
Uncorrected Corrected
Depth Error
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
121/142
Straightness vs
Displacement
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
122/142
Example 1
Straightness Displacement
Displacement
Straightness vs
Displacement
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
123/142
Displacement
Example 2
Straightness Displacement
Straightness vs
Displacement
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
124/142
Straightness Displacement
Displacement
Example 2
Scale changed
Probe Position: High or Low?
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
125/142
Probe is lower if
Casing was cut off.
Use of pulley halted.
Casing settled.
Cable lengthened.
Probe is higher if
Casing was added.
Use of pulley started.
Cable twisted.
Cable shortened.
Was Probe High or Low?
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
126/142
Straightness Displacement Straightness Displacement
Low High
Depth Error in J-Shaped Casing
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
127/142
Low High
Straightness Displacement Straightness Displacement
Depth Correction in DMM
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
128/142
How do you know how much settlement
occurred and in what zones?
Magnet
Extensometer
SONDEX
Settlement
System
Depth Correction in DMM
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
129/142
Magnet D (feet) SettlementT
- D Value for DMM
5 0.23 0.23 - 0.23 0.00
4 0.17 0.23- 0.17 0.06
3 0.11 0.23 - 0.11 0.12
2 0.06 0.23 - 0.06 0.17
1 0.02 0.23 - 0.02 0.21
Take your readings from the settlement system
Depth Correction in DMM
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
130/142
Review of Graphs
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
131/142
Presentation Graphs
Diagnostic Graphs
Incremental Displacement
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
132/142
Displacement vs depth.
Displacement at each depthplotted independently.
Identifies shear plane clearly.
Free from systematic error.
No direct correspondence to
movement seen at surface.
Cumulative Displacement
Displacement vs depth
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
133/142
Displacement vs depth
Displacement at each depthis sum of displacements
from depths below.
Corresponds directly to
movement seen at surface.
Subject to accumulated error.
Does not show rate of movement
Displacement vs Time
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
134/142
Slope of line indicates rate of movement
Fewer intervals minimize accumulation of error.
Casing Straightness
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
135/142
Incremental deviation
Deviation at each depth
plotted independently
Change in direction indicates
a curve in the casing.
Used to evaluate straightness
of casing.
Used to confirm and correctdepth error.
Casing Straightness
Casing Profile
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
136/142
Cumulative deviation
Deviation at each depth
is sum of deviations from
from depths below.
Used to evaluate verticalityof casing.
Used to confirm and correct
sensor-rotation error.
Casing Profile
Checksum Graphs
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
137/142
Checksum plots should be vertical.
Tilted checksum plots indicate
drifting data values.
Plots shifted to left or right is normal
If displacement graph shows
bias shift error, this graph must
show a bias shift.
Review of Systematic ErrorsBias Shift Rotation Depth
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
138/142
Bias-Shift Error
Straight line segments
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
139/142
Straight line segments
tilting left or right.
Apparent movement
where none is likely.
Checksum plot will
show shift.
Example 1 Example 2
Rotation Error
Curved segments showing
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
140/142
Curved segments showing
movement where none is
likely.
Cross-axis profile has
similar (or mirrored) shape.
Displacement A Profile B
Depth Error
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
141/142
Displacements are
exaggerated. Displacements are
mirrored.
Displacements are offset
vertically.
Graph of straightness
has similar appearance.
Displacement Straightness
-
7/29/2019 Inclinometer Class - Engineer
142/142
END