INCLINED PLANES AND PULLEYS POTENTIAL AND KINETIC ENERGY MRS. MARTINEZ SIXTH GRADE.

INCLINED PLANES AND PULLEYS POTENTIAL AND KINETIC ENERGY MRS. MARTINEZ SIXTH GRADE

WELCOMING WORK:DAY 1 1. What are Kinetic and Potential energies? Give an example or description. 2. What is a simple machine? 3. What is a Pulley, Lever, Inclined Plane?

VOCABULARY CORNELL NOTE STYLE. Potential energy, kinetic energy, inclined planes, pulleys, force fixed pulley, moveable pulley, combined pulley, input force, output force, load, equilibrium, simple machine

GUIDED QUESTIONS 1.What is potential Energy? 2.What is kinetic energy? 3.Name and Compare various types of pulleys and planes. 4.How can pulleys and planes redistribute the amount of force it takes to move an object?

OBJECTIVES At the end of the lesson, you should be able to: IIdentify the types of simple machines. IIdentify the forces involved in simple machines. CCreate a simple machine.

POTENTIAL AND KINETIC ENERGY All energy is either potential or kinetic.

MACHINE A device that changes the size, speed, or direction of a force. A device with fixed or moving parts that modifies mechanical energy in order to do work.

HOW DOES THE RAMP HELP HIM?

THE EQUATION

MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE How much does a given machine assist at a certain task? Mechanical advantage determines how much a machine multiplies a force or reduces the force needed.

EQUATION FOR MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE MA= output force = input distance input force output distance Depends on the type of the machine being measured as to which equation is used as well as what information is known.

THE RAMP EXAMPLE MA= Force output/ force input MA =225N / 75.0 N MA = 3.00 MA = Input distance/ output distance MA = 3.00m / 1.00m MA = 3.00 Same outcome regardless of which formula is used

PRACTICE What is the mechanical advantage of a ramp that is 5.0m long and 1.5m high?

POTENTIAL ENERGY Potential energy is energy that is in a stored form. It isn't being used at the moment, but is waiting to do work. Think about a boulder sitting on top of a hill. Just sitting there, the boulder isn't doing anything. But because it is sitting on top of a hill, it has the potential to roll down and do some damage to a car or building below. The energy is stored in that rock because of its size (mass) and the distance it will travel once it starts rolling.

Potential energy Continues Potential energy is stored energy--energy ready to go. Other examples: A lawn mower filled with gasoline, A car on top of a hill, Students waiting to go home from school are all examples of potential energy.

SOLUTION Input distance = 5.0 m Output distance =1.5 m MA = Input distance/ Output distance MA= 5.0m / 1.5m MA= 3.3

Gravitational potential energy Gravitational potential energy is the energy possessed by a body because of its elevation (height) relative to a lower elevation, that is, the energy that could be obtained by letting it fall to a lower elevation. For example, water at the top of a waterfall or stored behind a dam at a hydroelectric plant has gravitational potential energy.

KINETIC ENERGY Kinetic energy is energy that is in motion. This energy is performing work. Legs are pumping bicycle pedals. Coal is running generators. Lightning is snapping trees.

KINETIC AND POTENTIAL ENERGY http://www.classzone.com/books/ml_science_share/vis_sim/mem05_pg69_potenti al/mem05_pg69_potential.html After analyzing the situations describe to the person next to you what happend. http://www.classzone.com/books/ml_science_share/vis_sim/mfm05_pg126_coaste r/mfm05_pg126_coaster.html http://www.energyeducation.tx.gov/energy/section_1/topics/potential_and_kinetic_e nergy/index.html

VIDEO TIME http://teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?video_id=127812

QUESTION TIME 1. Two things that create Kinetic energy? 2. Objects have energy due to its _______________________. 3. Energy of position increases with _____________________ and ____________________. 4. No kinetic energy means no _____________________ or no _______________________. Why? 5. Is kinetic energy lost? Why or why not? Vocabulary Mass/Speed Equilibrium Movement Height Mass Work Force Yes No Push

SOLUTION 1. Two things that change energy to Kinetic energy? Mass/Speed 2. Objects have energy due to its movement. 3. Energy of position increases with height and mass. 4. No kinetic energy means no work or no force. 5. Is kinetic energy lost? Why or why not? No, energy is never lost it is just changed into other forms of energy. Kinetic Potential Potential Kinetic

MACHINES What is the purpose of machines? Name examples and their purpose. Purpose: Make work easier EX. Cars Dishwashers Bicycles Return to Table of Contents Turn and Talk :

SIMPLE MACHINES Have few or no moving parts Only apply one force make work easier Ex. rake Return to Table of Contents

TYPES OF SIMPLE MACHINES Lever Wheel-and-Axle Pulley Inclined Plane Wedge Screw

Check Point!!! What is a simple Machine? Simple Machine is a device that helps reduce the amount of force required to do work. Allows the user to apply smaller force over a larger distance to move an object Change the direction of the force applied If the distance over which the effort force is increased, the same amount of work can be done with a smaller effort force Simple machines are used to reduce the amount of effort force needed to do work

Lever Is a rigid bar or board that is free to move around a fixed point called a fulcrum. The fulcrum may be placed at different locations along the bar A lever can be designed to reduce the amount of force required to lift a weight in two ways: (1) by increasing the distance from the fulcrum to the point where the effort force is applied, or (2) by decreasing the distance the weight is from the fulcrum the effort force decreases By increasing the distance the effort force moves relative to the distance the weight moves, a lever can reduce the effort force needed.

LEVER A bar that pivots, or turns, on a fixed point A fixed point is a point that doesnt move Fulcrum Example: Arm

WHEELS AND AXLES The wheel and axle are a simple machine. Made up of a wheel and axle that are connected so they turn together The axle is a rod that goes through the wheel which allows the wheel to turn. Gears are a form of wheels and axles. Examples: Door Knob Screwdriver

WHEELS AND AXLES The wheel and axle are a simple machine The axle is a rod that goes through the wheel which allows the wheel to turn Gears are a form of wheels and axles

PULLEYS Pulley are wheels and axles with a groove around the outside A pulley needs a rope, chain or belt around the groove to make it do work

PULLEY A wheel and axle with a rope attached Changes the direction of motion to work with gravity Makes work easier Return to Table of Contents

VOCABULARY LIST 1. Fixed Pulley 2. Movable Pulley 3. Block and Tackle

Pulleys Movable Fixed Block and Tackle

- Simple Machines PULLEY A pulley is a simple machine made of a grooved wheel with a rope or cable wrapped around it.

FIXED PULLEY Changes the _________ of input force Pulley does ______ move

PULLEYS Pulley are wheels and axles with a groove around the outside A pulley needs a rope, chain or belt around the groove to make it do work

MOVABLE PULLEY ________ the input force _____ moves!

BLOCK AND TACKLE Combination of a Fixed and _______ Pulley _______ the input force http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9T7tGosXM58&noredirect=1

MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE Number of Sections (more pulleys=more sections of rope)

INCLINED PLANES An inclined plane is a flat surface that is higher on one end Inclined planes make the work of moving things easier Makes moving objects easier Move objects over a longer distance Ex. Ramp

WEDGES Two inclined planes joined back to back. Wedges are used to split things. Inclined plane turned on its side Helps push things apart

SCREWS A screw is an inclined plane wrapped around a shaft or cylinder. The inclined plane allows the screw to move itself when rotated.

SCREW An inclined plane in the round with a wedge at the top Wedge = end of screw Inclined plane = thread that wraps around Hold things together

LEVERS-FIRST CLASS In a first class lever the fulcrum is in the middle and the load and effort is on either side Think of a see-saw

LEVERS-SECOND CLASS In a second class lever the fulcrum is at the end, with the load in the middle Think of a wheelbarrow

LEVERS-THIRD CLASS In a third class lever the fulcrum is again at the end, but the effort is in the middle Think of a pair of tweezers

SIMPLE MACHINES Simple Machines can be put together in different ways to make complex machinery http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HEsH1iA20GM

TWO SIMPLE MACHINES: PLANE OR PULLEY????

WHAT MACHINES MAKE WORK EASIER? Machines Bulldozer Sewing Machine Washing Machine

an advantage of an inclined plane instead of lifting a load straight using great effort you can use this at an angle to make it easier a disadvantage of an inclined plane to move the load easier it has to be moved at a greater distance compound pulley Two or more pulleys working together. block and tackle Another name for a pulley system examples of pulleys flag pole, blindes, stages, crane, elevator simple machine Any of the six elementary devices (including levers and pulleys) that provide mechanical or other advantage lever A beam, free to pivot around a point, used to move a load

pulley A wheel with a grooved rim in which a rope can run to change the direction of the pull and so lift a load. screw An inclined plane spiraled around an axis inclined plain A flat surface set at an angle, used to change wedge A double inclined plane that tapers to a point or sharp edge, used to change the direction of force wheel and axle Two wheels of different diameters attached and rotating on the same axis. a plank can be used as an inclined plane when you put it as an angle and a boat could go at the end and put a wheel chair and move someone up in it

winding trail easier to hike to the top because an angle and it makes it easier to go up the hill a simple machine that can be used to make a wheelchair ramp inclined plain would make it easier to role a wheelchair instead of having to lift the person and the chair mechanical advantage a ratio of the load to resistance to the effort or force movable pulley A pulley attached to a load that is being Pulley A wheel with a grooved rim in which a rope can run to change the direction of the pull and so lift a load Sheave A grooved wheel used in a pulley

WHAT SIMPLE MACHINE AM I?

INCLINED PLANE OR PULLEY?

WHAT SIMPLE MACHINE AM I?

IN YOUR INTERACTIVE JOURNAL: CREATE A GRAPHIC ORGANIZER.. Simple Machines Lever Example: Screw Example: Pulley Example: Wheel and Axle Example: Wedge Example: Inclined Plane Example:

Quiz Time!!!!

SIMPLE MACHINE TEST PUT YOUR NAME AT THE TOP OF YOUR PAPER. NUMBER YOUR PAPER FROM 1 TO 10. GOOD LUCK

#1 What Simple Machine Is This? Wheel & Axle Wedge Screw Inclined Plane Pulley Lever

#7 What is a compound machine?

#8 What Simple Machine Is This?

#9 What Simple Machines Are In This Compound Machine?

#10 What Simple Machines Are In This Compound Machine?

HOW DID YOU DO???

#7 What is a compound machine? A compound machine is a machine with two or more simple machines.

#8 What Simple Machine Is This? Lever

#9 What Simple Machines Are In This Compound Machine? Screw Wedge Lever

#10 What Simple Machines Are In This Compound Machine? Wedge Lever

SCORING 10/10 = Great Job! Secure (S) 9/10 = Great Job! Secure (S) 8/10 = Good Job! Developing (D) 7/10 = Good Job! Developing (D) 6/10 = Keep Working! Beginning (B) 5/10 = Keep Working! Beginning (B) 4/10 = Keep Working! Beginning (B) 3/10 = Keep Working! Beginning (B) 2/10 = Keep Working! Beginning (B)

PART B.

1. The purpose of a simple machine to make work easier by allowing for a push or pull to occur over an increased distance. A: True B: False

2. What is a simple machine that uses grooved wheels and a rope to raise, lower, or move a load? A: lever B: inclined plane C: wheel and axel D: pulley

3. What simple machine uses a wheel with a rod or rods through its center that will help it lift or move a load? A: inclined plane B: wheel and axle C: screw D: all of the above

4. What simple machine uses a slanted surface that connects a lower level to a higher level? A: inclined plane B: screw C: wedge D: lever

5. Which of the following would you use a pulley for? A: hold pieces of plastic together B: help guide a sail on a sailboat C: cut food D: all of the above

6. What type of simple machine is a seesaw on a playground? A: inclined plane B: pulley C: wedge D: lever

7. What type of a simple machine would the bottom of a light bulb be? A: screw B: wedge C: lever D: pulley

8. A fork would be an example of what type of simple machine? A: pulley B: wedge C: lever D: screw

9. A compound machine is two or more simple machines that are working together to make work easier. A: True B: False

THANK YOU http://www.softschools.com/quizzes/science/simple_machines/quiz392.html http://sbl7thgradescience.wikispaces.com/file/detail/Types+of+Pulleys-Modified.ppt

Number Actual Your Answer(s) Review 1 - A Review 2- D Review - 3 B Review - 4 A Review - 5 B Review - 6 D Review - 7 A Review - 8 B Review - 9 A

INCLINED PLANES AND PULLEYS POTENTIAL AND KINETIC ENERGY MRS. MARTINEZ SIXTH GRADE.

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Transcript of INCLINED PLANES AND PULLEYS POTENTIAL AND KINETIC ENERGY MRS. MARTINEZ SIXTH GRADE.