In your notes, compare the two pictures. List at

least three similarities and at

least three differences

The change of a species over time….

Millions of years

Changes in structure, function and behavior

Theory: An idea Theory: An idea which is which is

supported by supported by extensive, extensive, repeated repeated

experiments, experiments, but not proven but not proven

as law.as law.Why Why isn’tisn’t evolution evolution a law?a law?

Limited access to Limited access to the pastthe past

Present day species developed

(evolved) from earlier distinctly

DIFFERENT species.

The “evolution” of Evolutionary Theories

1.) Lamarck’s Theory: Stated that

structures appear because they are

needed, Called the theory of

Use & Disuse ex. Longer necks in giraffes

Weismann

DISPROVED the theory that stated that acquired traits can be passed on

to the next generation.

Charles Darwin

“The Father of Evolution”

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GREENLAND

NORTHA M E RICA

A NTA RCTICA

S OUTHAM ERICA

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A T L A N T I C

HOW DID DARWIN START?

GALAPAGOS ISLANDS

1859 wrote book titled

“Origin of the Species”Key Concepts

1. Species present now were not created in

present forms instead they evolved from ancestral species

2. Natural Selection: 2. Natural Selection: causes evolutioncauses evolution

States that only those organisms containing the best variations can survive and reproduce in a

given environment

Adaptations • Inherited trait

• Improves an organisms chance of survival

Ex: Camouflage

Individuals who

survive are the ones

best adapted to

exist in their

environment

Formation of a new species

due to favorable

adaptations gradually

accumulating, while

unfavorable adaptations

gradually disappear

Any organisms which can:1. Interbreed2. Produce fertile offspring

3. Under natural conditions

Darwin observed 13 species of

finches on the Galápagos Islands that were similar except for

differences in body size,

beak shape, and eating

habits.

Noticed that all finches were similar to 1

finch he saw on the South

American coast

Darwin reasoned that the Galápagos finches

must have had to compete for food.

Finches with certain beak

shapes that let them eat food

survived longer & reproduced

more than finches without

those beak shapes

A person has been arrested on the charge that he robbed $50,000

from the First City National Bank last night.

What must the district attorney do to prove that this man is the robber?

Is the sum total of all the

fossils discovered and undiscovered

and their placement in sedimentary rock layers

Forms of Evidence

are the mineralized or

otherwise preserved remains or

traces (such as footprints) of

animals, plants, and other organisms

A. Fossils

is the study of similarities

and differences in the anatomy of organisms.

Structure and form

A. HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES

When body parts look similar in different species but do not perform the same function.

An example is the forelimb

structure shared by cats

and whales.

anatomy

whose bones are they?

are evidence that a common ancestor

exists for the organisms being

studied

Homologous Structures

Structures that are different but serve the same or similar purposes

An example is the torpedo body shape of porpoises and sharks

B. Analogous Structures

describes homologous traits of organisms which have lost all or most of their original function in a species through evolution

c. VESTIGIAL STRUCTURES

study of comparative

developmental anatomy

is the study of differences in

chemical components

among species

Examples:Hemoglobin,

DNA,Chromosomes

IS THE STUDY OF DIFFERENCES IN

CELL STRUCTURE, COMPOSTION AND

FUNCTION