In the following pictures of binary hydrides, ivory spheres represent H atoms or ions, and burgundy spheres represent atoms or ions of the other element.

14.20

(a) Identify each binary hydride as ionic, covalent, or interstitial. (b) What is the oxidation state of hydrogen in compounds (1), (2), and (3)?

What is the oxidation state of the other element?

Look at the location of elements A, B, C, and D in the following periodic table:

14.21

(a) Write the formula of the simplest binary hydride of each element. (b) Classify each binary hydride as ionic, covalent,

or interstitial. (c) Which of these hydrides are molecular? Which

are solids with an infinitely extended three-dimensional crystal structure?

(d) What are the oxidation states of hydrogen and the other element in the hydrides of A, C, and D?

The following molecular orbital energy-level diagram shows the energies and electron occupancies of the MOs derived from the atomic 2p orbitals for an oxygen-containing binary compound of potassium.

14.22

(a) Is the compound a peroxide or a superoxide? Write its chemical formula.

(b) Is the compound attracted or repelled by magnetic fields?

(c) Compare the oxygen–oxygen bond energy and bond length

in this compound with the corresponding properties in the O2 molecule. (d) When this compound is

treated with water, is the resulting aqueous solution acidic or basic? Explain.

In the following pictures of oxides, red spheres represent O atoms or ions, and green spheres represent atoms or ions of a second- or third-row element in its highest oxidation state.

14.23

(a) What is the oxidation state of oxygen in each oxide? What is the oxidation state of the other element?

(b) Identify each oxide as ionic or covalent. (c) Identify each oxide as acidic or basic. (d) What is the identity of the other element

in (1) and (2)?

In the following pictures of oxides, red spheres represent O atoms or ions, and green spheres represent atoms or ions of a first- or second-row element in its highest oxidation state.

(a) What is the oxidation state of oxygen in each oxide? What is the oxidation state of the other element?

(b) Which of these oxides is (are) molecular, and which has (have) an infinitely extended three-dimensional structure?

(c) Which of these oxides is (are) likely to be a gas or a liquid, and which is (are) likely to be a high-melting solid?

(d) Identify the other element in (2) and (3).

14.24

Look at the location of elements A, B, C, and D in the following periodic table:

(a) Write the formula of the oxide that has each of these elements in its highest oxidation state.

(b) Classify each oxide as basic, acidic, or amphoteric. (c) Which oxide is the most ionic? Which is the

most covalent? (d) Which of these oxides are molecular? Which are solids with an infinitely extended three- dimensional crystal structure? (e) Which of these oxides has the highest melting

point? Which has the lowest melting point?

14.25

The following pictures represent structures of the hydrides of four second-row elements.

14.26

(a) Which compound has the highest melting point? (b) Which compound has the lowest boiling point? (c) Which compounds yield gas when they are

mixed together?

The following pictures represent the structures of oxides of carbon and sulfur. Which has the stronger bonds? Explain.

14.27