In-service Aircraft for a Global Observing System Longterm Observations for Climate Change and Air...

In-service Aircraft for a Global Observing System • Longterm Observations for Climate Change and Air Quality

from a Fleet of Passenger Aircraft

• 16 Partners• Scientific institutions (D, F, UK)• Aviation industry and aerospace• Meteorological services• Funding Agencies

• Users• Scientific community • Validation of models and satellite data• GMES-Atmospheric Service• Aviation

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ANTIGUASAN DOMINGO

ATLANTA

CARACAS

SANTIAGO

MONTREAL

PLATA PUERTOPUERTO RICO

QUAYAQUIL

TORONTO

QUITO

WASHINGTON

BOGOTA

NEW YORK

SAINT MARTINPOINTE A PITRE

CAYENNE

BUENOS AIRES

MONTEVIDEO

DAKAR

SAO PAULO RIO

RECIFE

BANJOUL

ABIDJAN

LONDON

COTONOU

BRUXELLES

PARIS

LAGOS

AMSTERDAM

FRANKFURT

VIENNA

LIBREVILLE

DOUALAYAOUNDE

LUANDABRAZZAVILLE

WINDHOEK

ATHENES

HERAKLION

JOHANNESBURG

ISTANBUL

ANTALYA

KIGALIENTEBBE

ANKARA

TEL AVIV

NAIROBI

ANTANANARIVO

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DUBAI

MUMBAI

MALE

DELHI

COLOMBO

MADRASBANGKOK

HANOI

SINGAPORE

JAKARTA

SAIGON

BEIJING

SHANGAI

SEOUL

OSAKANAGOYA

TOKYO

www.iagos.org

In-service Aircraft for a Global Observing System

Coordinator: ICG-2: TroposphereResearch Centre Juelichwww.iagos.org

The Aim of IAGOSThe Aim of IAGOS• Build a long-lasting infrastructure for monitoring the atmosphere

from 20 in-service aircraft on a global scale.• Provide high-quality information for monitoring of climate change

and global air quality, including the impact of aviation.– Ozone, H2O, CO, NOx, NOy, CO2, aerosol, cloud particles

• Specific goals:– Instrument Development– Aeronautic Certification – Data transfer, database, quality assurance– Partnerships with airlines and research institutes– Funding for longterm operation– Serve as a cluster for international cooperation

H2O, O3

H2O, O3,CO, NOy

H2O, O3, CO, CO2 NOy, NOx, aerosol, cloud particles

MOZAIC publications

1993 2001 20122005

MOZAIC IAGOS

CARIBIC

From Research to Sustainability



Justification for IAGOSJustification for IAGOS

The Value of Regular Aircraft Data • Higher resolution than satellites (UTLS)• Tropospheric profiles of CO, CO2, NOx, aerosol, ..• Same instruments used for global measurements (QA/QC)

Scientific Issues• Ozone and water trend in the Tropopause region• Ice supersaturation (persistent contrails, clouds)• Air Quality (profiles of CO, NOx, aerosol)• NOx budget (impact of aircraft)• Climate change (CO2 profiles, aerosol)• Validation of Satellite Products and Models



Towards IAGOSTowards IAGOS• Basic idea developed in 1980s

– Global experiments with French research aircraft (STRATOZ/TROPOZ)

• Three succesful research projects (MOZAIC) 1993-2003 – 5 Airbus A340 with automatic instruments for O3 & H2O, later

also CO & NOy

– Data from ca. 30 000 longhaul flights– Demonstration of feasibility (no interference with airlines‘

operation)– Sustainable partnership (CNRS, MF, FZJ, UCAM, Airbus, Airlines,

i.e., DLH) Open for new partners (UMAN, DLR, BA, MPI-Jena,..)– Open data policy => growing record of publications



IAGOS will form a cornerstone of IGACO/GEOSS and GMESIAGOS will form a cornerstone of IGACO/GEOSS and GMES

Variables (priority 1)

Air Quality

Oxida-tion Capacity

Cli-mate Strat. O3

Depletion

O3

CO

UV-A, UV-B

H2O

HCHO

C2H6

NOx, HNO3

SO2

halocarbons

aerosol opt. properties

CO2

CH4

Variables defined by IGACO IAGOS

World Integrated Data Archive

System:Includes WOUDC Reanalysis

Assimilation of Real-Time Data

by Forecast Models

GAW Calibration &

Quality Assurance

Data Uses / Applications1. Public UV Warnings2. Public Ozone Bulletins3. Research4. Scientific Assessments 5. Forecasts of Ozone Depletion6. Improved Weather Forecast

Aircraft: GAW & IAGOS

Surface-based: GAW

WMO Space Programme

WMO Real-Time Data Distribution:Weather Information System (WIS)

The IGACO Concept

Global Products



Routine Aircraft ProjectsRoutine Aircraft Projects



Water Vapour (MOZAIC)Water Vapour (MOZAIC)Most important GHG (2/3 of warming due to water feedback)

• Control of relative humidity in the upper troposphere ?

• Global distribution highly variable (Ice supersaturation)

• Influence on radiation (directly and via cloud formation)

• Formation of Persistent Contrails (flight management)

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winter (DJF)

NOy in the Upper Troposphere (MOZAIC)NOy in the Upper Troposphere (MOZAIC)

summer (JJA)

No significant enhancement in flight corridor during winter

< 0.5 ppb NOy

Enhanced NOy over USA and Europe in summer is due to convective transport and lightning Up to 3 ppb NOy (average!)



NOyNOyMOZAIC NOy

Upper TroposphereSummer 2003

MOZART-3 NOyabove 610 hPa

MOZART-3 NOy

Surface (977 hPa)

Models have difficulties to lift surface emissions into the UTLS.

=> Wrong predictions ?



The ValueThe Value• IPCC has emphasised the need for measurement

programmes• MOZAIC data have been used by researchers world wide for

studies of– Climate change, air pollution, model evaluation, satellite

evaluation, impact of aircraft– >100 Publications

• More than 20 world-leading scientists have expressed the need for longterm continuation and expansion of routine aircraft measurements

In-service Aircraft for a Global Observing System Longterm Observations for Climate Change and Air...

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