In Praise of Interdisciplinary Research through Scientometrics
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Transcript of In Praise of Interdisciplinary Research through Scientometrics
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In Praise of Interdisciplinary Research through Scientometrics
http://bit.ly/birCabanac2015
Guillaume [email protected]
@gcabanac
March 29th, 2015
Workshop on Bibliometric-enhanced Information Retrieval (BIR)
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My Research Interests
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Information Science Information Retrieval Digital Libraries
Psychology of Science Cognitive biases Academic writing
Sociology of Science Gatekeeping
Collaboration
Interdisciplinary Research through Scientometrics Guillaume Cabanac
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Case Studies
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Interdisciplinary Research through Scientometrics Guillaume Cabanac
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What’s in my Toolkit?
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MertonPrice
Tukey
Hartley Hubert Milard
Interdisciplinary Research through Scientometrics Guillaume Cabanac
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Cabanac, G. (2014). Extracting and quantifying eponyms in full-text articles. Scientometrics, 98, 3, 1631–1645.doi:10.1007/s11192-013-1091-8
Study 1
Eponymy and Scientific Heroes
Interdisciplinary Research through Scientometrics Guillaume Cabanac
PsyIS
Soc
Information Science Information Retrieval Digital Libraries
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Eponymy and Scientific Heroes
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“Eponyms remind us that science and scholarship are the work of dedicated people.” (p. 393)
“mnemonic and commemorative device” (p. 121)
Merton, R. K. (1942). Science and technology in a democratic order. Journal of Legal and Political Sociology, 1(1), 115–126.
“the practice of affixing the name of the scientist to all or part of what he has found, as with the Copernican system, Hooke’s law, Planck’s constant, or Halley’s comet” (p. 643)
Merton, R. K. (1957). Priorities in scientific discovery: A chapter in the sociology of science. American Sociological Review, 22(6), 635–659.
Interdisciplinary Research through Scientometrics Guillaume Cabanac
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Eponymy and Scientific Heroes
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Interdisciplinary Research through Scientometrics Guillaume Cabanac
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Eponymy and Scientific Heroes
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Related Concepts
The Reward System of Science (Merton, 1942, 1957)
Obliteration by Incorporation (Merton, 1988; McCain, 2011, 2012)
Non-indexed Eponymal Citedness (Száva-Kováts, 1994)
Extraction and Quantification of Eponyms from Full-text
Show eponimised scientists in my field?
Update existing dictionaries of eponyms?
Spot new research trends?
Interdisciplinary Research through Scientometrics Guillaume Cabanac
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Eponymy and Scientific Heroes
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Interdisciplinary Research through Scientometrics Guillaume Cabanac
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Eponymy and Scientific Heroes
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Interdisciplinary Research through Scientometrics Guillaume Cabanac
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Cabanac, G. (forthcoming). Bibliogifts in LibGen? A study of a text-sharing platform driven by biblioleaks and crowdsourcing. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. doi:10.1002/asi.23445
Study 2
Bibliogifts = Bibioleaks + Crowdsourcing ?
Interdisciplinary Research through Scientometrics Guillaume Cabanac
PsyIS
Soc
Information Science Information Retrieval Digital Libraries
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Interdisciplinary Research through Scientometrics Guillaume Cabanac
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Interdisciplinary Research through Scientometrics Guillaume Cabanac
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Interdisciplinary Research through Scientometrics Guillaume Cabanac
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Interdisciplinary Research through Scientometrics Guillaume Cabanac
Biblioleaks + Crowdsourcing = Bibliogifts ?
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Interdisciplinary Research through Scientometrics Guillaume Cabanac
Biblioleaks + Crowdsourcing = Bibliogifts ?
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Interdisciplinary Research through Scientometrics Guillaume Cabanac
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Interdisciplinary Research through Scientometrics Guillaume Cabanac
Bibliogifts as Rogue Open Access?
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Cabanac, G., & Preuss, T. (2013). Capitalizing on order effects in the bids of peer-reviewed conferences to secure reviews by expert referees. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 64, 2,405–415. doi:10.1002/asi.22747
Interdisciplinary Research through Scientometrics Guillaume Cabanac
PsyIS
Soc
Study 3
Order Bias in Conference Bids
Psychology of Science Cognitive biases Academic writing
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Interdisciplinary Research through Scientometrics Guillaume Cabanac
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Conferences Affected by a Submission-Date bias? Peer-review
Interdisciplinary Research through Scientometrics Guillaume Cabanac
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The Submission-Date bias Dataset from the ConfMaster conference management system
Interdisciplinary Research through Scientometrics Guillaume Cabanac
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The Submission-Date bias Influence of submission date on bids
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Referee Assignment Matters
Interdisciplinary Research through Scientometrics Guillaume Cabanac
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Study 4
Issues ofWork-Life Balance
Cabanac, G., & Hartley, J. (2013). Issues of work-life balance among JASIST authors and editors [Brief Communication].Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 64, 10, 2182–2186. doi:10.1002/asi.22888
Interdisciplinary Research through Scientometrics Guillaume Cabanac
PsyIS
Soc
Psychology of Science Cognitive biases Academic writing
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Issues of Work-life Balance
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Interdisciplinary Research through Scientometrics Guillaume Cabanac
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Issues of Work-life Balance
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Interdisciplinary Research through Scientometrics Guillaume Cabanac
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Issues of Work-life Balance
Sunday!
Interdisciplinary Research through Scientometrics Guillaume Cabanac
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Issues of Work-life Balance
Authors
Editors
Interdisciplinary Research through Scientometrics Guillaume Cabanac
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Issues of Work-life Balance
[…]
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Studies 5 and 6
Differences in Academic Writing:Gender & Solo/Multiauthor
Hartley, J., & Cabanac, G. (2014). Do men and women differ in their use of tables and graphs in academic publications? Scientometrics, 98, 2, 1161-1172. doi:10.1007/s11192-013-1096-3
Cabanac, G., Hubert, G., & Hartley, J. (2014). Solo versus collaborative writing: Discrepancies in the use of tables and graphs in academic articles. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology,65, 4, 812–820. doi:10.1002/asi.23014
Interdisciplinary Research through Scientometrics Guillaume Cabanac
PsyIS
Soc
Psychology of Science Cognitive biases Academic writing
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Academic Writing – Gender Study
Theory in Psychology (1960’s) Men are more spatially and mathematically oriented than women
Women are more verbally oriented than men
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Academic Writing – Gender Study
Our findings on 1,403 single-authored articles in science Men use 26% more figures than Women (p < 0.001)
Men use 11% more tables than Women (p = 0.102)
… but is the difference practical?
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Academic Writing – Study of Collaborations
The “Friday” Hypothesis When writing in groups, it is harder to agree on text than on figures/graphs
More Figures and Graphs in multi-author papers?
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Academic Writing – Study of Collaborations
More tables in multi-author vs. single-author papers
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Academic Writing – Study of Collaborations
More figures in multi-author vs. single-author papers
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Cabanac, G., Hubert, G., & Milard, B. (2015). Academic careers in Computer Science: continuance and transience of lifetime co-authorships. Scientometrics, 102, 1, 135–150. doi:10.1007/s11192-014-1426-0
Interdisciplinary Research through Scientometrics Guillaume Cabanac
PsyIS
Soc
Study 7
Lifelong Publication Dynamics in CS
Sociology of Science Gatekeeping
Collaboration
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Interdisciplinary Research through Scientometrics Guillaume Cabanac
Source: https://projects.groept.be/~emedia
The population
The sampled “fiftysomethings”
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Interdisciplinary Research through Scientometrics Guillaume Cabanac
Transience and Continuance
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Interdisciplinary Research through Scientometrics Guillaume Cabanac
Renewal of Collaborations
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Interdisciplinary Research through Scientometrics Guillaume Cabanac
Success Breads Success and Homophily
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Case Studies
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Interdisciplinary Research through Scientometrics Guillaume Cabanac
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Interdisciplinary Research through Scientometrics Guillaume Cabanac
BIR@ECIR: Revitalising IR ↔ Bibliometrics
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Thanks!
http://www.irit.fr/~Guillaume.Cabanac
Twitter: @gcabanac
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Study 8
How to Recommend ResearchersAccording to their Research Topics
and Social Clues?
Cabanac, G. (2011). Accuracy of inter-researcher similarity measures based on topical and social clues.Scientometrics, 87, 3, 597–620. doi:10.1007/s11192-011-0358-1
PsyIS
Soc
Information Science Information Retrieval Digital Libraries
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Recommendation of Literature (McNee et al., 2006)
Collaborative filtering Principle: mining the preferences of researchers
those who liked this paper also liked…
Snowball effect / fad
Innovation?
Relevance of theme?
Cognitive filtering Principle: mining the contents of articles
profile of resources (researcher, articles)
citation graph
Hybrid approach
????
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Foundations: Similarity Measures Under Study
Model Coauthors graph authors auteurs
Venues graph authors conferences / journals
Social similarities Inverse degree of separation length of the shortest path
Strength of the tie number of shortest paths
Shared conferences number of shared conference editions
Thematic similarity Cosine on Vector Space Model di = (wi
1, … , win)
built on titles (doc / researcher)
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Computing Similarities with Social Clues
Task of literature review Requirement topical relevance
Preference social proximity (meetings, project…)
re-rank topical results with social clues
Combination with CombMNZ (Fox & Shaw, 1993)
Final result: list of recommended researchers
CombMNZ
Degree of separation
Strength of ties
Shared conferences
Social list
Topical list
CombMNZ TS list
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Evaluation Design
Comparison of recommendations and researchers’ perception Q1 : Effectiveness of topical (only) recommendations?
Q2 : Gain due to integrating social clues?
IR experiments: Cranfield paradigm (TREC…) Does the search engine retrieve relevant documents?
Doc relevant?
assessor
relevance judgments{0, 1} binary[0, N] gradual
trec_eval
Effectiveness measuresMean Average PrecisionNormalized Discounted Cumulative Gain
topic S1 S2
1 0.5687 0.6521
… … …
50 0.7124 0.7512
avg 0.6421 0.7215
improvement +12.3 % significativity p < 0.05 (paired t-test)
search engine x
topic
corpus
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Evaluating Recommendations
Adaptation of the Cranfield paradigm (TREC…) Is the search engine rec. sys. Retrieving relevant documents researchers?
doc relevant ?
assessor
relevance judgments{0, 1} binary[0, N] gradual
trec_eval
Effectiveness measures Mean Average PrecisionNormalized Discounted Cumulative Gain
topic S1 S2
1 0.5687 0.6521
… … …
50 0.7124 0.7512
avg 0.6421 0.7215
improvement +12.3 % significativity p < 0.05 (paired t-test)
search engine x
topic
corpus
name of a researcher
researcher
« With whom would you like to chat for improving your research? »
recommender system
topicaltopical + social
#subjects
Top 25
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Experiment
Features Data dblp.xml (713 MB = 1.3M publications for 811,787 researchers)
Subjects 90 researchers-contacts contacted by mail74 researchers began to fill the questionnaire. 71 completed it
Interface for assessing recommendations
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Experiments: Profile of the Participants
Experience of the 71 subjects Mdn = 13 years
74
Productivity of the 71 subjects Mdn = 15 publications
Num
ber
of
par
tici
pan
tsN
um
ber
of
par
tici
pan
ts
Seniority
Number of publications
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Empirical Validation of our Hypothesis
Strong baseline effective approach based on VSM
+8.49 % = significant improvement (p < 0.05 ; n = 70)
of topical recommendations by social clues
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
1
global < 15 publis >= 15 publis < 13 ans >= 13 ans
Thématique Thématique + Social
productivity experience
+8,49 % +10,39 % +7,03 % +6,50 % +10,22 %
ND
CG
Topical Topical + social
yearsyears
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Study 9
Research Landscape from the Perspective of Gatekeepers
in Information Systems
Cabanac, G. (2012). Shaping the landscape of research in information systems from the perspective of editorial boards: A scientometric study of 77 leading journals. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 63, 5, 977–996. doi:10.1002/asi.22609
Interdisciplinary Research through Scientometrics Guillaume Cabanac
PsyIS
Soc
Sociology of Science Gatekeeping
Collaboration
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Landscape of Research in Information Systems
The gatekeepers of science
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Landscape of Research in Information Systems The 77 core peer-reviewed IS journals in the WoS
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Landscape of Research in Information Systems Exploratory data analysis
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Landscape of Research in Information Systems Exploratory data analysis
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Landscape of Research in Information Systems Topical map of the IS field
Interdisciplinary Research through Scientometrics Guillaume Cabanac
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Landscape of Research in Information Systems Most influential
gatekeepers
Interdisciplinary Research through Scientometrics Guillaume Cabanac
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Landscape of Research in Information Systems Number of gatekeepers per country
Interdisciplinary Research through Scientometrics Guillaume Cabanac
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Landscape of Research in Information Systems Geographic and gender diversity
Interdisciplinary Research through Scientometrics Guillaume Cabanac
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Interdisciplinary Research through Scientometrics Guillaume Cabanac