A REPORT ON INPLANT TRAINING WITH REFERENCE TO

KAJAH TEA COMPANY PVT LTD

Submitted to

ANNA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

COIMBATORE

For the award of the degree of

MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

Submitted by

ANSHAD.A.T

Reg No: 098001185002

Under the Supervision and Guidance of

Ms.K.UMA MAHESWARI, MBA

Assistant Professor

RVS FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT

KUMARAN KOTTAM CAMPUS

KANNAMPALAYAM

COIMBATORE – 641 402

AUGUST - 2010

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Inplant training report submitted to Anna University of

Technology, Coimbatore in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of

MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION is a record of original research work done by

ANSHAD.A.T during the period June 2010 to July 2010 of his study in RVS FACULTY OF

MANAGEMENT, Kannampalayam, under the supervision and guidance of Ms.K.UMA

MAHESWARI,MBA and the training report has not formed the basis for the award of any

Degree/ Diploma/ Associateship/ Fellowship or other similar title to any candidate of any

university.

FACULTY GUIDE DEAN

Viva-Voice examination held on__________________________

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

Date:

Place:

DECLARATION

I, ANSHAD.A.T hereby declare that the In plant training report submitted to Anna

university of Technology Coimbatore in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of

the degree of MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION is a record of original and independent

research work done by me during June 2010 to July 2010 under the supervision and guidance of

Ms.K.UMAMAHESWARI ,MBA, Assistant Professor, RVS Faculty of Management,

Kannampalayam and it has not formed the basis for the award of any Degree/ Diploma/

Associateship/ Fellowship or other similar title to any candidate of any university.

Date: SIGNATURE OF THE STUDENT

Place: ANSHAD A.T

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, I praise and thank God Almighty from the depth of heart that

has been the sources of strength in the completion of the project work.

I acknowledge my sincere thanks and gratitude towards my respectable teachers

and Dr.Adalarasu.B, Dean, RVS FOM, Coimbatore.

The In-Plant training has been prepared under the guidance and supervision of

Ms.UMA MAHESWARI.K, Lecturer in RVS Faculty of Management. I

acknowledge my deep and sincere gratitude for his able and cordial directions.

At the outset, I bestow my sincere thanks to the project coordinator, Mr.JAISON,

General Manager of CPD for the whole hearted co-operation and guidance to

achieve the goal of this In-plant training.

I am also grateful to Mr. SREEJITH, Personnel Officer of CPD, for giving me his

valuable assistance at every stage of my In-Plant training.

I would like to thank all the workers of CPD for their friendly and co-operative

approach.

Big thanks to my parents for all support and encouragement, they have rendered

during the project work.

ANSHAD.A.T

ABOUT INTERNSHIP TRAINING

The purpose of internship training is to facilitate the intern to practice the acquired skills

independently or under supervision, as mentioned in the respective discipline course contents. The

focus of internship training should be to develop the methods and modalities for actual practice of

management study. Emphasis should be laid on ‘Hands on experience’.The settings of internship should

be preferably a decentralized setting in a organization structure like prodction,marketing,human

resource and finance department. At the end of the internship, the intern should be a confident, more

helpful in futures

OBJECTIVES OF INTERNSHIP TRAINING:

� Develop managerial skills and leadership qualities to function effectively as a leader of the

management team.

� Develop communication skills.

� Develop professionalism including ethical behavior, etiquettes and demonstrate behavioral

� To study the company profile of Kajah.

� To study the working of marketing & services department.

� Market Analysis of retail products.

� To study the problems of Kajah.

Subject Duration

Production department 9 Days

Human resource department 7 Days

Marketing department 10 Days

Finance department 8 Days

Systems department 8Days

Attempt should be made to conduct a comprehensive assessment of knowledge, skills and attitude,

during and at the end of internship training. For this purpose, structured tools such as ‘Log books’,

‘Checklist’, ‘Observation schedule’, ‘Peer review forms’ etc. can be effectively utilized to objectively

document the performance. Each concerned department should formulate objectives and develop its

own assessment of internship training.

Indian Tea Industry

The tea industry in India was created to satisfy England's desire for high quality black teas

without dependency on trade with China. First, the British East India Company's monopoly of the tea

trade and its dominance over India where the Company maintained the largest private army in history

had to be broken. At the same time growers and tea experts were experimenting with seeds, plants and

cuttings secured from China which they believed would grow in India's climate. Notably, an indigenous

strain of tea plant growing wild in India had been discovered years earlier. The year 1838 marked the

first Indian tea harvest, a mere 350 lbs., to be auctioned in London. It was greeted with much

excitement and high reviews fromtea experts.

In 1858 the British East India Company turned its rule over India to Britain. The stage was set for

the rapid expansion of tea product. As it turned out the indigenous plants produced tea far superior in

quality to the Chinese transplants. And so the Indian tea industry was born.Now India produces more

tea than any other country.The tea industry is also denied the benefit of deductions under section 80

HHC of the Income Tax Act, 1961. Under section 33AB of this Act, assesses engaged in growing and

manufacturing tea are allowed a deduction limited to only 20 per cent of their profits. Other industries

are allowed 100 per cent deduction on profits from export production. (In Oct'98,however, the union

government granted this exemption to tea industry also.) The tea industry in India was earlier suffering

from stagnant production and low price realizations. 1996-97 was a year of turnaround and 1997-98, a

year for consolidation for the tea industry. In these years almost all the tea companies in the country

have witnessed increase in sales and profits.

The tea industry is also denied the benefit of deductions under section 80 HHC of the Income

Tax Act, 1961. Under section 33AB of this Act, assesses engaged in growing and manufacturing tea are

allowed a deduction limited to only 20 per cent of their profits.The tea industry in India was earlier

suffering from stagnant production and low price realizations. 1996-97 was a year of turnaround and

1997-98, a year for consolidation for the tea industry. In these years almost all the tea companies in the

country have witnessed increase in sales and profits.The farmers invested more on fertilizers and

upkeep of their plantations in 1997 and 1998 because of better price realizations which also resulted in

better output in the following years .

KAJAH TEA COMPANY PVT LTD is a part of the RAJAH group. This company was has a staff of around 65

personal. It is directed by Mr. HAJI ABDUL ROUF and is managed by Mr. JAISON.A.K. assisted by the

Mr.SREEJITH. The company has a traditional background and is engaged in the marketing of fast moving

consumer goods basically. (1) beedi (2) Tea (3) Salt (4) Dhahasamini (5) Tooth Powder and (6) Palm.

The company has several branches situated in Kerala. It has deposit in

(1) Kasergod (2) Kannur (3) Kottakal (4) Kootanad (5) Guruvayoor (6) Palakkad (7) Addor and (8)

Trivandrum. The head quarters of the companies is situated in Guruvayoor.

It has direct as well as indirect distribution system. The services rendered by the company are

spot delivery to wholesalers and retailers in time. It renders quantity purchase scheme to the

middlemen and consumer offers and also seasonal as well as off seasonal gifts and discounts.

It has currently achieved at a target tea sales of 15 ton per month and is expecting to achieving a

target net sales of 36 ton per month. The company has arrived in a situation to deliver its products

through outside distribution channels.

It is hoping to keep a lasting relationship with the middlemen and the end users. It is aiming at

satisfying some of the consumers needs. The company focuses on hospitality and gives priority to

reliability and virtue.

HISTORY OF RAJAH GROUP

RAJAH GROUP was established by A. ABDUL KADER SAHIB in the year 1935 he started as a

business venture manufacturing Beddies with sales in Srilanka.the group also was involved in other

business etc. later due to changes in the foreign policies of the Srilanka to the staffs of its companies

their and shifted operation to India

The group gradually became a leading manufacturing of Beedies employing directly and

indirectly about 35000 in india.its products are In good demand in the states of Kerala, Tamil Nadu,

karnadaka, Andrapradesh and Maharashtra. the groups are received best tax payed awards in the states

of Kerala and Tamil Nadu

The group diversified in to the business like Timber,Terracotta Tiles, Ayurveda, Automobiles,

Tea, Salt etc. The group also involved in the tourisum located business and ows a scenic island on the

back waters of chettuva in Kerala .which functions as an Ayurvedic hospital. A similar ayurvedic

treatment center is also run on a 180 land in Kootanad, Palakkad district of Kerala.

The Group also has a software development business and caters to the requirerment of various

clients in india.

Rajah school,a CBSE school associated with the group offers quality education to more than

1400 students.

The group manufactures several ayurvedik products,most of which are used exclusively by

guests at its ayurvedic centres some of its products are marketed out side.

Besides this the group also manufactures kajah tea, Kajah lodized salt and “Bright Wash Dish”

wash powder .

ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE

The organization consists of the Board of Directors, The managing directors and the different

department heads which includes production departments, administration department, personal

department, finance department, marketing and material department. Under the material department

comes the purchase, stores and dispatch department. under the finance department comes accounts

department and under the marketing department comes the sales and distribution.

PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT

Department Chart

LAYOUT DESIGN

Every infrastructure requires having a layout. A layout is consisted of the detailed plan of the

structure being constructed or reconstructed. It emphasizes the arrangements and proper positions of

the basic elements of the plan. A layout serves as a guideline for the builders as well as the owners of

the establishments to visualize the physical appearance of the infrastructure. A layout also includes the

proper allocations of space and equipments that will be use within the production of the plant. It is a

very importance aspect within the manufacturing cycle.

Plants should have an ideal layout in order to improve their productivity means. A properly laid

out plant ensures a smooth rapid movement of materials and employees. However, plants layouts are

dynamic in concept because it tends to adapt several changes regarding the need for improvement of

the industry. One of the aspects that can affect the productivity of an industry is the plant layout. The

plant layout involves the planning path each component part of the product is to be followed within the

plant. It also includes the proper coordination of each parts so that the process of manufacturing will be

carried out in the most economical and practical manner. A plant layout is composed of a detailed plan

Production Manager

Asst.Manager

Maintenance Manager

Electrical Engineer

Mechanical Engineers

Mechanical Helper

of the infrastructure – the sketches, drawings that are carefully scaled on order to achieve the real

visualization of the plan that is going to be implemented.

PRODUCTION PROCESS

Green Leaf Weighment

The green leaf plucked from the garden are weighed either at site or in the factory. The Average

leaf plucked is around 20 Kgs in Munnar.

Weathering

The moisture content in the green leaf is taken out by this process by means of hot air. The

required Temperature is around 70°F. In preparing Orthodox Tea, around 70% of the moisture is to be

taken out.

Rolling

Weathered tea is fed into rollers. There are two types of Rollers viz., Single action - Here only

the top part rotates. l Double action - Here both the top & bottom part rotates. The function of the

roller is to twist the leaves. At first this is done without applying any pressure, subsequently followed by

medium and hard Pressure.

Fermenting

It is here that the chemical change do occur. The leaves starts changing its colour to somewhat

brownish. The period that is required for fermentation depends on temperature. The temperature

inside the fermenting room is normally 2°C less than the outside temperature. The time taken for

fermentation ranges in between 2 to 3.5 hrs depending on the season

Drying

This is the last of the manufacturing process. Here the Temperature should be around 230°F to

240°F depending upon the efficiency of the dryer. If the temperature is more than required, the leaves

will be burnt & if the temperature is less, we get the unburned tea. This Tea is also known as Dryer

Mouth Tea.

Sorting of Tea

Now the manufacturing process has been completed and we are having the loose unsorted

tea. This has now to be segregated into various grades. This is done with the help of sorting machine.

Normally Tea Gardens do have three types of sorters which do run in sequential order.

Middleton Sorter

Unsorted tea is first fed in this sorter which has simple trays for segregating the bulk from the

sized tea. Arnut Sorter - The output from the middleton sorter is fed in this sorting machine which has 8

to 30 inches ghogie of various sizes to get various grades. Pucca Sorter - The output obtained from the

Arnut Sorter is transferred into pucca sorter to get final grades.

Packing

The sorted tea is then packed according to various grades & after paying additional excise duty

of Rs 1 per Kg & a Cess of Rs 0.10 per Kg of the tea is dispatched (according to prevalent rate at the time

of writing).

LOADING

It is the part of Godown Management, the bailed material is loaded into trucks of respective

destinations for which the dispatch programmed is given to the godown, Godown people. It is the

physical movement of the product from the mill to the Godown, Godonwn to cutting center to depots.

The trucks capacity is 9 tons for short distance & 18 tons for long distance. Suppose a party from

Kunnamkulam place an order of 7 tonne of one kind of tea powder &3 tons another kind of powder &

another party of Kunnamkulam place an order of 9 tons kind of tea powder. In this case the clubbing of

destination will be done in such a way so that the load of 18 tonns on one truck will be ready in one

time. In this way the truck will be loaded at its full capacity. And this will help to reduce the

transportation cost.

UNLOADING

KAJAH Limited was using crane technique for loading and unloading their raw materials and

products. They are also using manpower for loading and unloading. They use both ways for loading and

unloading the things. KAJAH Limited was mainly use the above mentioned technique for loading and

unloading.

Scheduling

Scheduling energy requirement for processing tea. Energy is required for all the process in tea

manufacture. The process are withering, rolling, roll breaking, drying and grading. Both thermal and

electrical energies are required for the above processes. The thermal energy and electrical energy could be

used mainly for withering and drying while the electrical energy is also used for moving machinery such

as rollers, roll breakers and shifters. The Energy consumption in tea processing Schedule is given in Table

1.

Table 1 Energy Consumption in Tea

Processing Process Energy (kWh kg Made Tea

-1

)

Mid/High Elevation Low Elevation

Withering 0.46 0.46

Rolling 0.20 0.10

Drying 0.07 0.07

Sorting & Packing 0.09 0.07

Ancillaries 0.12 0.05

Total 0.94 0.75

The thermal energy consumption for withering and drying is presented in Table 2

Table 2 – Thermal Energy Consumption in Tea

Processing Process

Energy (MJ kg Made Tea-1

)

Mid/High Elevation Low Elevation

Actual Lowest Calculated limit Actual Lowest Calculated limit

Withering 9.0 5.6 9.0 5.6

Drying 13.0 10.6 13.7 11.2

Total 22.0 16.2 22.7 16.8

From the above tables 1 and 2, we could conclude that the total energy requirement to produce

one kg of made black tea is about 25 MJ (0.7-1.0 kWh of electricity and 1.4 - 2.0 kg of dry Fire Wood),

where the main energy sources are imported and expensive petroleum fuel and wood from mature

rubber trees. Hence total electricity requirement for all tea factories would be equivalent to a

generation from a 35 MW power plant when compared to the present installed capacity of 2172 MW A

solar thermal field with flat plate solar collectors had indicated there is a saving of 25-35% saving on fuel

and the same system could be used for refiring graded tea without auxiliary source However, this was

found to be uneconomical at present. Therefore, we have to explore the possibilities using fuel wood as

a bio-energy source.

INVENTORY MANAGEMENT

KAJAH Limited follow the National Forestry Inventory Model ( 2000). The 20km X 20km grid of

sampling points that was set by the National Forestry inventory (NFI) was used. This is a random grid. At

each point a plot is set up. This plot consists of two circular plots, two line transects, four mini-plots and

a soil pit. The larger circular plot, used for measuring large trees and visual assessments, has a radius of

11.28 m. The small circular plot, used for measuring smaller trees, has a radius of 3.99. The small tree

plot falls within the larger plot. The line transects, with a length of 24 m, are used for measuring coarse

woody debris. The four mini-plots are used for measuring small plants and seedlings and have a radius

of 0.56m.The soil pit is located outside of the largest circular plot and is used to obtain soil

characteristics. This model was followed in each of the Gwich'in PSPs. There was several additions in

plots done by the Gwich'in. The large circular plot was also used to determine wildlife and land use. The

soil pit was also used for testing soil pH and permafrost depth. Soil samples were taken from several

points at the edge of the plot. Inventory management is very important in the KAJAH Limited because

this industry was running with the production functions so the inventory is a very important one so the

company is gives more important to the inventory management. It will help to supply the inventory at

the correct time. That’s why the production process is going good. Their inventory management is

controlled by the purchase department.

MATERIAL REQUIREMENT PLANNING (MRP)

The main problem to face the industry was the sufficient materials for the industry to work. This

was a very major problem. Because the raw materials are not getting in a big scale it will affect the work

of the company so the KAJAH Limited was give more important to the material required planning. They

will provide a separate group for the material requirement planning. The group conducts the research

and last they will give the right information about how much material is required for the industry to

work easily in the market.

Research and development

Establishment of model farms – the project would support the establishment of model farms in

the three regions of each companies. Research and development on model farms – the project would

support the research and development establishments in both companies for undertaking soil

management practices, the development of bio-organic fertilizers, pests and disease management and

the conversion of existing tea gardens to organic gardens.

Workshops, seminars and dissemination. Organic Tea Research and Development Centre

(OTRDC)Tea Board of India, the Collaborating Institution The Tea Board, an independent body under

the Ministry of Commerce, is the apex body for the tea industry in India with responsibility for the

implementation of the Governments regulations and policies. It is involved in all aspects of promotion,

development and research on tea in India including all activities at the national and international level.

The Board consists of persons representing the Parliament, owners of tea estatesand gardens and

growers of tea, the Government of the principal tea growing staes, persons employed in the tea estates

and gardens, dealers, manufacturers, consumers andother interests. It provides financial support to

three regional institutes in Assam, Darjeeling and Valparai. To help develop the Indian tea industry, the

Board promotes tea research and export of tea world-wide, collects and disseminates statistical data as

well as encourages labour welfare programmes, among a host of other activities all aimed at ensuring

the health and vibrancy of one the world’s largest producer of tea Major activities: Research and

Development on conversion process, standards on new organic plantation, organic composting

methods, soil management, bio organic fertilizers, pest and disease management, bio pesticides,

processing and packaging technology, methods for processing, storage and handling, etc.

TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT TOOLS,POLICES

We have formed a Quality Management System (QMS) to improve the quality of the product and to

fulfill the requirements to get a certification in accordance with EEC –regulation 2092/91. Internal

Control System (ICS) team was sent to UPASI/KVK (United Plantation Association of South India/ Krishi

Vigyan Kendra, Coonoor Tamil Nadu) for an in depth training on various aspects of tea cultivation and

organic farming practices

ICS team created a database of all 1175 farmers of STFC with details of production practices,

economics of scale, etc., and they upgrade database regularly. The data is readily available in both soft

and hard copy for quick reference. It means all the people of the organization are committed to product

quality by doing right things right, first time, every time by employing organization resource to provide

value to customer TOTAL Every one associated with the company is involved in continuous

improvement, in all functional area, at all level. QUALITY (1) Quality means fitness for use. (2). Quality

means productivity, competitive cost, and timely delivery, total customer satisfaction. (3). Quality

means conformance to specification and standard. (4). Conformance to requirements. (5). Quality is

what the customer says (6). Quality means getting every one to do what they have agreed to do and to

do it right the first time and every time. MANAGEMENT Executive are fully committed Decision in a

planned way. To maintain existing lever of quality .To improve existing lever of quality. Effective

utilization of resource. quality policy

The company manufactures and supplies of various grades of TEAS . It will our endeavor to

continuously improve the quality and service of our products for better customer satisfaction. Every

individual in the unit shall stand committed and focused to this stage objective by adopting total quality

management (TQM) metrology aimed at continuous improving our system, practices and preference.

Thus constantly reducing cost through minimizing wastage. We shall be committed to comply with the

requirements is international standards on quality management system and continually improve its

effectiveness in its true sprite through involvement of employees and training.

QUALITY CIRCLES

A strict quality circles is observed which is translated into world Class Quality, and is reflected in

the companies growing International Presence. During the entire Production Process efforts are made to

maintained the quality. The Inspection is done as mentioned below

1. Preliminary Inspection: This is done to check out whether the raw material used is per the

requires standard. Heating of raw material (i.e.) Plastic Granules at certain degree and the melted

mixture is observed if the mixture appears to be reddish it shows that raw material is not of desired

quality and cannot be used for manufacturing process as it can result into defective pieces. Thus the

lot is returned backed to suppliers.

2. Daily Production Process Inspection: A Quality Control Inspector is appointed with the

team members to continue the inspection process. Inspection of the manufactured tea powders is

done at every 2 hours manually to check out , Durability, Colour etc. and at the end of the day

report is to be submitted to QC Production.

3. Post Production Inspection: Once the required batch is manufactured, out of that total

batch some random samples of 50 are taken and if defective pieces exceeds size of 5, than the

entire lot is reject's and sent for the Reprocess

4. Final Inspection: Here the same procedure of Inspection for quality is undertaken as followed

during production process. Random sample are taken from the batch to be dispatched

AUDITING AND INSPECTION

Highly qualified nutritionist, a veterinary doctor is posted for the supervision of the products. At

each and every process is checked for the improvement of the product, auditing and inspection is

conducted at every stage for the continuous quality improvement.

AVOIDANCE OF ACCIDENTS

As technology develops, economic activity varies and cultural attitudes change, the factors

influencing accident situations in industry also change. One area of substantial technological

development has been the way in which the massive increase in computational power has allowed

sweeping changes in the control of safety-related systems applied to plant and equipment. identify and

present the significant strengths and weaknesses of the proposed method and how it fits in with wider

issues such as incident reporting, incident investigation and process improvement. Effectiveness in

learning all possible lessons and preventing further incidents. increase the awareness of industry and

other organisations to common problems. Safety is built into the design and maintenance. Once it is in

operation , it is controlled by technical systems with limited input from the plant controller is very

different. Technical systems provide, integrate and present data, control decisions are the responsibility

of human beings ,who work according to highly developed rules and procedures.

SAFETY MEASURE

The safety and health aspects of employee is concern for the organization, as employee are

assets of company. The whole and soul responsibility of employee health and safety measures lie on the

shoulder of HR department. Hence such types of measures reduce the chances of accidents.

MACHINERY MAINTENANCE

Maintenance is understood as a set of activities which help keep the plant machinery,

equipment, and other tools and fixtures in operating and running condition to avoid losses and

accidents during the production. It is understood as the function of manufacturing management

that is concerned with day to day problem of keeping the physical plant in good operating

condition.In a companies like "KAJAH GROUP" where the daily production of TEA is

approximately accounted to 10 Thousand pieces a breakdown in machine can cause huge

financial and market losses to the company. Company also is known domestically and

internationally as a quality tea supplier and thus for all that effective maintenance is required,

Company is also aware about the same and is having a very competent team of maintenance

Engineers to ensure smooth and efficient functioning of the Plant and continuous Production

Process.

MAITENANCE COMMITTEE OF KAJAH TEA LIMITED

There are mainly two type of maintenance activity carried

1) Routine Maintenance: It include activities such as periodic Inspection, cleaning,

lubrication and repair of production equipments after their services life. Routine maintenance

are of two type as under:

a) Running Maintenance: Running maintenance is practiced when the machine are actually

involved and running the production process. Here when Injection Moulding Machine is

GM Production.

GM Technical

Dep.

Electrical

Maint.

Tool Room

Maint.

R&D Incharge Machine

Maint.

Formen

Elecrician,

Workers

Foremen,repair

Crew

Foremen shop

Maint.

Foremen

Plumbers,

Fiiters.

processing regularly greasing, lubrication and temperature is maintained for the effective

functioning of the machine.

b) Shut down Maintenance: Shut down maintenance is of most important. It is carried out

at each Friday as on that day is holiday due to staggering. Entire maintenance activities related

to all the machines is carried out on this day by the above mentioned staff.

QUAL IT Y POL ICY

The company manufactures and supplies of various grades of TEAS. It will our endeavor to

continuously improve the quality and service of our products for better customer satisfaction. Every

individual in the unit shall stand committed and focused to this stage objective by adopting total quality

management (TQM) metrology aimed at continuous improving our system, practices and preference.

Thus constantly reducing cost through minimizing wastage. We shall be committed to comply with the

requirements is international standards on quality management system and continually improve its

effectiveness in its true sprite through involvement of employees and training.

Product Standards

The Indian Bio-Organic Tea Association and the Tea Research Institutes have been working on

developing the parameters of organic tea production and processing. These efforts, however, have been

somewhat limited and there is a need for expanding the activities. At the same time, the Government of

India has been drafting policies that will regulate organic farming and certification in India. A “Guideline

for Production of Organic Tea in India” has been prepared on the basis of nation allergenic standards

drawn up as part of the “National Programme for Organic Production”. There are plans to establish an

Indian organic certification body recognized and accredited by all external agencies. Certification office

establishment /standard development Training of inspectors and certifiers. Establishment of central

office and four regional offices. Tea production is highly labour intensive and the industry creates jobs in

inaccessible rural areas. Millions of people in the world are dependent for their livelihoods on being

involved in tea production. Prices on the tea world market have dropped dramatically over the last 20

years, resulting in large social problems in the production areas. The Ethical Tea Partnership, a sector

initiative of 17 traders, has monitored the labour conditions on large tea plantations since 1997. Other

certification systems are Fairtrade, Rainforest Alliance and Utz Certified.

BENCHMARKING

Benchmarking is the process of determining who is the very best, who sets the standard, and

what that standard is. In baseball, you could argue that seven consecutive World Series Championships

made the New York Yankees the benchmark. It is done to motivate people to improve toward that goal.

Bench marking is usually part of a larger effort, usually a Process Re-engineering or Quality Improvement

initiative. Benchmarking is a management tool that is being applied almost anywhere. Once we decide

what to benchmark, and how to measure it, the object is to figure out how the winner got to be the best

and determine what we have to do to get there.

JAPANESE TECHNOLOGIES

ISO14001certification

Indian tea producer and its estates conform to the most rigorous environmental and safety

standards. In Dec. 2000, it became the first India tea producer to acquire ISO 14001 certification for

environmental management systems. It conducts an environmental protection program on a

continuous basis as an integral part of its business activities. All its major tea production facilities

acquired certification for implementing ISO 14001 management systems, as well as increasing

environmental awareness among employees. Fair Trade Certification & Commitment Indian greens tea

and estates are fair trade certified conforming to the highest labor and environmental tandards. Fair

Trade is a product certification system designed to identify products that meet agreed environmental,

labor and developmental standards. Overseen by a standard-setting body, a certification body, the

system involves independent auditing of producers to ensure the agreed standards are met. Companies

offering products that meet the standards may apply for licences to use the india Certification Mark for

those products.

NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PROCESS

Goal: The project aims at developing the technology, skills and systems of organic tea production. It

would include the development of appropriate technology for the establishment of new, and the

conversion of existing, tea areas to organic tea farms. The project also aims at the development of

acceptable international standards for the export of organic tea and the establishment of an

internationally accepted certification mechanism in both countries. The project includes an assessment

of the demand for organic tea exports and the development of appropriate export strategies.

Purpose

� Technology, techniques and systems for organic tea production

� Appropriate national certification agency with international recognition

� Assessment of global market for organic tea and appropriate market strategies

� Technology and techniques applied on model farms and elsewhere

� Internationally acceptable standards and an established certification office with trained

inspectors

� Identification of and access to export markets for organic tea

Project Components and Activities

A. Support for Research and Development

� Research and development on model farms – the project would support the research and

development establishments in both companies for undertaking soil management practices, the

development of bio-organic fertilizers, pests and disease management and the conversion of

existing tea gardens to organic gardens

� Workshops, seminars and dissemination

B. Support to Establish a Certification System

� Consultancy services

� External and internal training for

� The development of standard

and The establishment of a

WHOLE ORGANIZATION CHART

Sources of Recruitment

Recruitment as the process of searching for and obtaining applicants for jobs, from among

whom the right people can be selected. Recruitment is the

encouraging them to apply for work with the firm. Responsibility for the overall recruitment process is

Personal Departmen

t

Maintaining Payrol

Recruitment

External and internal training for certification inspectors

standards including the holding of national and international workshops

The establishment of a unit with trained staff and office infrastructure.

WHOLE ORGANIZATION CHART

as the process of searching for and obtaining applicants for jobs, from among

whom the right people can be selected. Recruitment is the process of finding qualified people and

encouraging them to apply for work with the firm. Responsibility for the overall recruitment process is

HRA Manager

Asst.HR Manager

HR Officer

Personal Departmen

Training Welfare

Training departmen

t

Operating Training

HR Coordinato

r

Admin Executive

Admin Officer

d international workshops,

as the process of searching for and obtaining applicants for jobs, from among

process of finding qualified people and

encouraging them to apply for work with the firm. Responsibility for the overall recruitment process is

Admin Executive

Admin Officer

assigned to human resources managers. They are responsible for designing and implementing a

recruitment program that will meet the tea industry’s personnel needs while complying with all legal

requirements. This responsibility includes finding sources of applicants; writing and placing

advertisements; contacting college; agencies and labour unions; establishing procedures to guarantee

equal employment opportunity; and administering the funds the firm has budgeted for recruitment.

Recruitment Process

HR practices its function in each and every stages of recruitment. The process comprises five

interrelated stages.

� Planning

� Strategy development

� Searching

� Screening

� Evaluation and control

The ideal recruitment programmed is the one that attracts a relatively larger number of

qualified applicants who will survive the screening process and accept positions with the organization,

when offered.

Methods of selection

Personnel

Planning

Job

Vacancies

Job

Analysis

Recruitment

Planning

-Numbers

Employee

Requisition

Searching

Activation

“Selling”

-Message

Screening Potential

Hires

Applicant

Pool To

Selection

Evaluation

& Control

Strategy Development

-Where

-How

-When

Applicant

Population

Selection is a process of picking individuals with requisite qualifications and competence to fill

jobs in the organization. Different company apply different methods and procedure for selection. It

basically depends on the management policies and the size of operation.

Selection Process

Selection is a long process, commencing from the preliminary interview of the applicants and

ending with the contract of employment. Selection process differs among organizations and between

two different jobs within the same organization. Selection procedure for senior managers will be long-

drawn and rigorous, but it is simple and short while hiring shop-floor workers. Kajah tea company, the

different types of test taken are knowledge test, trade test, interviews and managerial grid for

executives.

General Selection Process

External Environment

Internal Environment

Selection Test Preliminary Interview Employment Interview

Physical Examination Selection Decision Reference & Background

Analysis

Job Offer

Employment Contract

Evaluation

RA RA RA

RA: Rejected Applicants

Selection Process for Managerial Department in kajah

Pre-placement

Presentation

Group Discussion

Extemporization

Written Aptitude Test

Preliminary Interview

Psychometric Test for

short listed candidates

Final Interview with

senior management

Letter of Offer

Training & Development for Employees

Training is concerned with imparting developing specific skills for a particular purpose. Training

is the act of increasing the skills of an employees for doing a particular job. Training is the process of

learning a sequence of programmed behaviour. In earlier practice, training programme focused more on

preparation for improved performance in particular job. Most of the trainees used to be from operative

levels like mechanics, machines operators and other kinds of skilled workers. When the problems of

supervision increased, the step were taken to train supervisors for better supervision.

Management development is all those activities and programme when recognized and

controlled have substantial influence in changing the capacity of the individual to perform his

assignment better and in going so all likely to increase his potential for future assignments.

Thus, management development is a combination of various training programme, though some

kind of training is necessary, it is the overall development of the competency of managerial personal in

the light of the present requirement as well as the future requirement. Development an activity

designed to improved the performance of existing managers and to provide for a planned growth of

managers to meet future organizational requirements is management development.

The Training Process

Assessing Training Needs

Preparing the Training Plan

Specifying Training Objectives

Designing the Training Programs

Selecting the Instructional Methods

Completing the Training Plan

Conducting the Training

Evaluating the Training

Planning Further Training

Employee Training and Development

� Training and development can be initiated for a variety of reasons for an employee or group

of employees, e.g.:

� When a performance appraisal indicates performance improvement is needed

� To "benchmark" the status of improvement so far in a performance improvement effort

� As part of an overall professional development program

� As part of succession planning to help an employee be eligible for a planned change in role

in the organization

� To "pilot", or test, the operation of a new performance management system

� To train about a specific topic.

TRAINING NEED ANALYSIS

Training activities are designed in order to impart specific skills, abilities and knowledge to

employees. Effective training is basic ingredient of success in the TEA industry. The concept of training is

endorsed my most managers in the TEA industry, yet managers often give little thought to the training

function in the context of their own business or departmental responsibilities until something goes

wrong! One of the main problems in TEA industry is that investment in training and development of

employees is a reactive process for many companies. Frequently, training and development arises as the

result of significant change in the operational environment or as a consequent of crisis such as staff

turnover or major departmental problems. Training is then used to cope with the immediate difficulty.

This process may be proved costly to Company. Whereas development refers to learning opportunities

designed to help employees grow and evolve a vision about the future.

Employee training is the responsibility of the organization. Employee development is a shared

responsibility of management and the individual employee. The responsibility of management is to

provide the right resources and an environment that supports the growth and development needs of

the individual employee.

For employee training and development to be successful, management should:

� Provide a well-crafted job description - it is the foundation upon which employee training

and development activities are built

� Provide training required by employees to meet the basic competencies for the job. This is

usually the supervisor's responsibility

� Develop a good understanding of the knowledge, skills, and abilities that the organization

will need in the future. What are the long-term goals of the organization and what are the

implications of these goals for employee development Share this knowledge with staff

� Look for learning opportunities in every-day activity. Was there an incident with a client that

everyone could learn from? Is there a new government report with implications for the

organization?

� Explain the employee development process and encourage staff to develop individual

development plans

� Support staff when they identify learning activities that make them an asset to your

organization both now and in the future

Designing Training Programs

Employee Training

Communications: The increasing diversity of today's workforce brings a wide variety of languages

and customs.

Computer skills: Computer skills are becoming a necessity for conducting administrative and office

tasks.

Customer service: Increased competition in today's global marketplace makes it critical that

employees understand and meet the needs of customers.

Diversity: Diversity training usually includes explanation about how people have different

perspectives and views, and includes techniques to value diversity

Ethics: Today's society has increasing expectations about corporate social responsibility. Also, today's

diverse workforce brings a wide variety of values and morals to the workplace.

Human relations: The increased stresses of today's workplace can include misunderstandings and

conflict. Training can people to get along in the workplace.

Quality initiatives: Initiatives such as Total Quality Management, Quality Circles, benchmarking,

etc., require basic training about quality concepts, guidelines and standards for quality, etc.

Safety: Safety training is critical where working with heavy equipment, hazardous chemicals, repetitive

activities, etc., but can also be useful with practical advice for avoiding assaults, etc.

Sexual harassment: Sexual harassment training usually includes careful description of the

organization's policies about sexual harassment, especially about what are inappropriate behaviors.

Benefits from Employee Training

� Increased job satisfaction and morale among employees

� Increased employee motivation

� Increased efficiencies in processes, resulting in financial gain

� Increased capacity to adopt new technologies and methods

� Increased innovation in strategies and products

� Reduced employee turnover

� Enhanced company image, e.g., conducting ethics training (not a good reason for ethics

training!)

Risk management, e.g., training about sexual harassment, diversity training

ASSESSMENT TRAINING EFFECTIVENESS

Firms should be fast and responsive. This requires responding to customers' needs for quality,

variety, customization, convenience and timeliness. Meeting these new standards requires a workforce

that is technically trained in all respects. It requires people who are capable of analyzing and solving job

related problems, working cooperatively in teams and 'changing hats' and shifting from job to job as

well. Training has increased in importance in today's environment where jobs are complex and change.

Rapidly. Companies that pay lip-service to the need for training, by lazily setting aside a few hours a

year, will soon find themselves at the receiving end when talented employees leave in frustration and

other employees find it difficult to beat rivals with new products, sophisticated designs and improved

ways of selling. To survive and flourish in the present day corporate-jungle, companies should invest

time and money in upgrading the knowledge and skills of their employees constantly. For, any company

that stops injecting itself with intelligence is going to die.

Induction &Orientation

Orientation is the planned process of introducing new employees to their jobs, their co-workers

and the organization. The main purpose of induction is to relieve the new employee from possible

anxiety and make him or her feel at home on the job. These orientation programmes are carried out

formally as well as individually/collectively in the company. These programmes are carried from 1 weak

– 2 weak.

For Example: In most of the tea company that I visited the time spared on orientation

programme is one week. In Kajah tea company, the problem faced during orientation programme is of

adjusting schedules. The topics, which are covered in the induction programmes are given in the

following table:

Organizational Issues

• History of employer • Product line or services provided

• Organization of employer • Overview of production process

• Names & titles of key executives • Company policies & rules

• Employee’s title & department • Disciplinary regulations

• Layout of physical facilities • Employee handbook

• Probationary period • Safety procedure & enforcement

Employee Benefits

• Pay scales and pay days • Insurance benefits

• Vacations and holidays • Retirement programme

• Rest breaks • Employer-provided services to employees

• Training & education benefits

• Counseling • Rehabilitation programmes

Introduction

• To supervisor • To co-workers

• To trainers • To employee counselor

Job Duties

• Job location • Overview of job

• Job tasks • Job objectives

• Job safety requirements • Relationship to other jobs

PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL SYSTEM

Performance appraisal The company refers to the assessment of an employee’s actual

performance, behavior on jobs, and his or her potential for future performance. It is done generally for

the purpose of assessing training needs to employee, to effect his promotions and to give him pay

increase, retention or termination. The company only one method that is commonly used in this

industry is Rating Scale Method.

For Example: In most of the Companies that I visited the performance appraisal is done on

yearly basis but in Kajah tea company day to day basis the briefing of employee is done. The companies,

the rating scales method is used by the way of Questionnaire (1-10).

Challenges of Performance Appraisal

� Create a culture of excellence that inspires every employee to improve or lend himself or herself to

be assessed.

� Align organizational objectives to individual aspirations.

� Clear growth paths for talented individuals.

� Provide new challenges to rejuvenate careers that have reached the plateau stage.

� Forge a partnership with people for managing their careers.

� Empower employees to make decisions without the fear of failing.

� Embed teamwork in all operational processes.

� Debureaucratise the organization structure for ease of flow of information.

Performance Appraisal Process

Motivation Methods

Employee motivation ideas and programs form an important part of the business strategies.

Motivational programs are directed at different departments at different point of time. The approach

preferred by organizations differs from each other. Conducting result oriented employee motivation

programs at different levels of the organization can ensure continued success of the business interests.

Employers must be very specific and precise while selecting the right employee motivation programs.

They should consider existing business programs and models. Analysing the potential of existing

programs can help them in devising new but more effective motivational programs.

Objectives of Performance

Appraisal

Establish Job Expectations

Design an Appraisal

Programme

Appraise

Performance

Performance

Interview

Use Appraisal Data for

Appropriate Purposes

� Flex hours: you don’t have to say, “I want the job now.”

� A thank you note: there’s nothing that works wonders other than a thank you note from a

senior.

� Make work fun. Introduce Monday as blue day and Tuesday as green and so on, so

coming to work becomes fun. You can organise mini ideas that bring mega fun. Like

circulate an office party picture and let everyone write a caption to it or send them a blur

picture and let them figure out who is the person.

� Let them go early: Everyone has a personal life. So if your subordinates or colleagues

want to go home early for a wedding, birthday or any personal reason let them off. Yes it

should not be a habit but at the same time if you hold back all the times you will get a

frustrated employee.

� Reward effort: we only wait to reward when success is achieved. But there are many

efforts that go into making it real. So if you reward efforts at the initial stages, success

comes faster and there are many that will come sooner.

� Hot Coffee – make coffee and tea available as this is what keeps them fresh.

� Celebrate birthdays – everyone feels special on their birthday. Give them the edge by

having a cake cutting session and call the entire office to make them feel good.

Labour Welfare Facilities

Labour welfare refers to taking care of the well being of workers by employers, trade unions,

and government and non-government agencies. Recognizing the unique place of the worker in the

society and doing good for him/her retaining and motivating employees, minimizing social evils, and

building up the local reputation of the Tea are the arguments in favour of employee welfare. Hence this

area has generated one more area for practicing of HR roles. The HRD has a major role in the

development and management of benefits programs. These benefits are designed by HRD in order to

suit the requirement of employee. And further, they are sent to the top management for approval.

Thereafter they are implemented. These benefits, which are given to the employee, are both financial as

well as non-financial.Some of the benefits and Facilites, which are practiced in the KAJAH Tea Company

are as follows:

� Legally required payments

� Old age, survivors, disability and health insurance

� Worker’s compensation

� Unemployment compensation

� Contingent and deferred benefits

� Pension plans

� Group life insurance

� Sick leave

� Maternity leave

� Payments for time not worked

� Vacations

� Holidays

� Voting pay allowances

Pay role Processing

HR activities like Payroll bring to mind, a stream of innumerable printouts, forms and transactions.

Although repetitive, these are critical functions within an organization. Payroll services require constant

evolution of best practices and focus on accuracy & discipline. we understand every aspect of payroll

management & have the ability to customize it to meet all our client requirements. With more than

2500 clients globally and partnering with some of the largest Indian and Multi national companies in

India, our experience has resulted in a consistent growth curve. TalentPro's complete payroll solutions

comprises of –

� Time & Attendance Management

� Compensation & Benefits Processing

� Reimbursement Processing

� Payroll Reports & MIS

� Interface with legacy Systems

� Web based Delivery

� Statutory Compliance

� Query Management

� Retrials Management

� PF Trust Management

HR Policies & Frame Working

A Framework for Human Resources Management. It was developed by members and its

representatives of the organizations common system and representatives of the staff. The purpose of

the Framework is to enable the organizations common system to manage their human resources

effectively. The philosophy underlying it is grounded in the principles emanating from the provisions and

the need for the organizations to recruit staff with the highest standards of efficiency, competence and

integrity, with due regard to the importance of recruiting the staff on as wide a geographical basis as

possible and to the equal participation of men and women in the work of the organizations . Avoid any

competition in the employment of staff that may result from fundamental differences in the

compensation package. Facilitate mobility of staff across the system

Vision &Mission Statement

Mission

� Customer Service and Product Innovation tuned to diverse needs of individual and

corporate clientele.

� Continuous technology upgradation while maintaining human values.

� Progressive globalization and achieving international standards.

� Efficiency and effectiveness built on ethical practices.

� Customer Satisfaction through

� Providing quality service effectively and efficiently

� Periodic Customer Service Audits

� Success through Teamwork, Integrity and People

Vision

� Consistently make good Products at the friendliest Prices..

� Constantly Grow in Volume and Value through New Ideas

OUTSOURCING OF HRM PROCESS

The Innovative Practices in Human Resources process uncovered 12 practices that are reducing

HR costs and improving service quality to employees. Key findings from this research included the need

for HR managers to streamline processes, lower overhead costs, and enable their departments to

advance from transactional organizations to strategic partners in the business.

Practices and technologies include:

� Internet and intranet employee services

� Strategic human resources

� Centralized HR departments and call centers

� 360-degree performance appraisals

� HRIS systems

� Employee self-service

� Voice response systems (VRUs)

� Resume scanning and Internet recruitment

� Automated time and attendance systems

� Team policies and development

� Outsourcing

� Business process reengineering (BPR

GRIEVANCES REDRESSAL

As a measure of ensuring quicker services to Employees a token system is installed in the

Facilitation Centre. The visiting Employees may also meet the Regional Provident Fund Commissioner

and the Officers in Charge of Sub-Regional offices who will personally hear the grievances of the

members who call on them on all working days even without prior appointments

Grievance Handling Methods

STAFF GRIEVANCES With a view to providing Forums for redressal of grievances at

Shop/Section/ Department/Plant/Company level and settling the grievances of employees expeditiously

within stipulated time so as to help obviating dissatisfaction, a comprehensive grievance redressal

system exists for Executive as well as Non-Executive employees. All Zonal Personnel Executives have

been entrusted with the job of disposal of staff grievance expeditiously.

PUBLIC GRIEVANCES In compliance with the directives of Rajah Group from time to time, the

following actions have been taken to activate Public Grievance Redressal System. As regards the Public

Grievances appearing in the newspaper column, Corporate Communications Department is entrusted

with the job of scrutinizing and forwarding the grievances to the concerned Head of Department who, in

turn would examine the grievance and take prompt action for its redressal.. General Manager is

functioning as (Public Grievances)

Union Policy Framework

Trade unions are voluntary organizations of employees or employers are formed to promote

and protect their interests through collective action. Contrary to popular perception, unions are not

meant only to organize strikes. Their presence is felt in all HR activities of an organization. Unions have

political affiliations.

ARBITRATION PROCESS

Arbitration is part of the labor relations process. Arbitration is the procedure by which parties

agree to submit their disputes to an independent neutral third party, known as an arbitrator. Although

there are several types of arbitration, labor arbitration is the dispute resolution procedure used in labor

relations. The term conciliation generally refers to the third party who brings the disputing parties

together. As a process, arbitration predates English common law and has been called the oldest form of

dispute settlement. King Solomon was an arbitrator and arbitration was used to settle differences during

the Greco-Roman period. George Washington was an advocate of arbitration and, in his will, mandated

using the process if disputes arose over his estate. The use of arbitration in labor disputes was a

common practice in the late 19th century but developed more rapidly after World War II as a substitute

for work stoppages.

During World War II, the National War Labor Board gave great impetus to the use of arbitration.

The board heard over 20,000 labor disputes during the war and frequently mandated that future cases

employ arbitration. The president's National Labor-Management Conference of 1945 also

recommended the application of the arbitration process to settle labor disputes.

Workers Participation Management

A number of initiatives and strategies were taken to promote and sustain a conducive climate

for smooth operation of the Plant. The most important initiative in this direction was strengthening of

the foundation of a sound and effective collective bargaining system. To uphold the spirit of

participation in management and nurture participative culture of the Company, total of 13 Joint

Committees at Corporate, Shop/Department levels, Welfare Committees at Department and Apex level

have been constituted / reconstituted to discuss issues relating to production, productivity, quality,

safety, corporate affairs and also other work related points like incentives, job rotation, deployment and

redeployment. Sporadic incidents, sudden work stoppages and pressure tactics have diminished to a

satisfactory degree because of the availability of Participative Fora as an institutional machinery for

ventilating grievances and resolving genuine demands of the employees.

PRODUCT PROFILE

Brands :Kajah Tea Red(Home red)

Kajah Tea Blue

Kajah Hotel Blend

Contents :Tea

Available packs Price/(Kg bag)

50 Grams

100 Grams

250 Grams

500 Grams

1kg(Red)

1kg(Blue)

5kg Bag

RS.40

RS.75

RS.95

RS.190

RS.380

RS.460

RS.1900

Usage\Utility : Beverage Drink, Antioxidity

Target : Urban as well as rural areas customer segments

Competitive Strength : Quality and strong flavour reliability

Quality : Home Blend, Hotel Blend

Chief Competitors : AVT, Kannan Devan, Broke Bond

Positioning : “Really Strong”

DEPARTMENT CHART

MARKETING FUNCTIONS

Selling, pricing, providing advice to customers in the area of l

promoting the product are the main “doing” elements of Marketing

The Sales Function. Sales Reporting,

territories or market segments .Market Intelligence

services and activities of competitors

knowledge of the corporate, production and distribution plans of its principal customers, and will be

able to use this knowledge in order to develop jointly with these customers a

Regional Sales

Manager

Sales Manager

Selling, pricing, providing advice to customers in the area of logistics and materials handling, and

promoting the product are the main “doing” elements of Marketing

Sales Reporting, or reporting on business, trends within assigned sales

Market Intelligence, or the collection of information on the tariffs,

services and activities of competitors. In its most advanced form, Tea sales force will have a detailed

knowledge of the corporate, production and distribution plans of its principal customers, and will be

use this knowledge in order to develop jointly with these customers a price/service package

Marketing Manager

Key Accounts Executive

Astt. Key Accounts Executive

Sales & Services

Manager

Sales coordinator

ogistics and materials handling, and

or reporting on business, trends within assigned sales

collection of information on the tariffs,

In its most advanced form, Tea sales force will have a detailed

knowledge of the corporate, production and distribution plans of its principal customers, and will be

price/service package .

Sales & Services

Sales coordinator

The Pricing Function: The setting and structuring of customers fares is one of the most important

functions of the tea Marketing unit. It will normally be the direct responsibility of the head of the

Marketing unit, who will be assisted by a Rates, or Tariff Administration, Manager and associated staff.

However, decisions about the pricing of very major traffics will often be taken at the highest levels of

management in the tea organization.

The Advertising and Promotion Function

Advertising: It is any paid form of non personal presentation and promotion of Ideas, goods or

services by an identified sponsor. Advertisement can be in the form of TV Adz's, Newspaper &

Magazines, Banner & Hoardings, Print Media, and Or Internet. Advertisement of Todays mainly uses TV

Ad's to promote their sales. Company has been regularly endorsing celebrity for its brand

(Balasubramaniyam, Raima Sen Etc). Some of the Newspaper in which AD's of Company appear are as

under: The Economic Times, The Times OF India, The Indian Express.

Sales Promotion: Sales Promotion is also one of the elements of promotion mix. It is done to

promote the sales of the product.Comapny uses different Schemes for the Super Distributors,

Distributors, Retailers & Wholesalers. Target Selling is the criteria for the Super Distributor if they

achieve that target specified they are awarded with commission (Not Disclosed). For Wholesalers &

Distributors different Scheme like Scratch Card, Lucky Draw, Discount on Bulk Purchase. Different Gifts,

Commission etc are used to promote sales.

PRODUCT DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS

Distribution is an important function of any organization. Making the product available at right

place and at right time with less cost is the key objective of production distribution Channels.

The Below mentioned is the List Of Companies Super Distributors Throughout India in different Zones:

Maharastra Mumbai

Pune

WESTERN ZONE

DELHI New Delhi

Uttar Pradesh Lucknow

Karnataka Bangalore

MANUFACTURING

FACILITIES

SUPER DISTRIBUTORS

ZONE WISE

WHOLESSELERS

RETAILERS

CONSUMERS

DISTRIBUOTRS STATE

WISE

NORTHERN ZONE

Kerela Malpuram

Ernaculam

Calicut

Cheenai

Kollam.

Tamil Nadu Cheenai

Madurai

REGION WISE SALES BREAK UP

Zone Sales%

Western 54

Northern 20

Export 2

Others 5

Marketing Strategy

Plans are needed to clarify what kinds of strategic objectives an organization would like to

achieve and how this is to be done. Such plans must consider the amount of resources available. One

critical resource is capital. Kajah Group keeps a great deal of cash on hand to be able to “jump” on

opportunities that come about. Small startup Tea firms, on the other hand, may have limited cash on

hand. This means that they may have to foregot what would have been a good investment because they

do not have the cash to invest and cannot find a way to raise the capital. Other resources that affect

what a firm may be able to achieve include Trademarks/brand names: It would be very difficult to

compete factors such as: Patents The organization will identify the objectives it wishes to achieve.

This could involve profitability directly, but often profitability is a long term goal that may

require some intermediate steps. The firm may seek to increase market share, achieve distribution in

more outlets, have sales grow by a certain percentage, or have consumers evaluate the product more

favorably. Some organizations have objectives that are not focused on monetary profit—e.g., promoting

literacy or preventing breast cancer. · An analysis is made, taking into consideration issues such as

organizational resources, competitors, the competitors’ strengths, different types of customers, changes

in the market, or the impact of new technology. · Based on this analysis, a plan is made based on

tradeoffs between the advantages and disadvantages of different options available.· This strategy is

then carried out.

Target Achievement Methods

To maintain a friendly atmosphere which merges the diversities of our local area and which

encourages mutual respect, tolerance, co-operation, and an appreciation of positive human values. To

promote diligence and provide the maximum opportunity for the talents of all employees to be

identified and developed through a range of working experiences.3 To foster an appreciation of our

unique environment and traditions and also to engender in our employees a confidence and a sense of

responsibility in dealing with the wider community and in preparing for life and work in society at large.

To maintain good communication within the departments, with workers.

MARKETING PRODUCT LINES

Responsible for directing the communication and interface of networking products, which

includes market requirements, customer feedback, understanding product needs and customer needs.

This individual will be responsible for managing the launch requirements connecting the different

teams into the same message that create a clear communication with customers using the right

channels business performance and to lead all relevant groups on actions and initiatives to achieve

results.

� Analyze market opportunities and participate in the development of product line strategies.

� Develop details product proposals for applicable line of business.

� Provide product presentations to customers, sales and marketing organizations within the

region.

� Provide deep competitive and regional market analysis to determine best set of actions to

achieve the goals of the enterprise business.

� Full engagement with Marketing

� Provide guidance to regions, supporting the quarterly guidance process, which incorporates

revenue, margin and product mix implications of enterprise.

� Maintain and communicate competitive price models for the product portfolio, including

engagements with external industry analyst.

� Support price and cost analysis of networking products

FINANCIAL INCLUSIONS IN MARKETING

Providing various financial services like, loans, insurance, payments, remittances and financial

advisory services . Financial inclusion to promote growth, it has to move from “opening an account”

in the Bank, to regular savings and finally to a relationship which enables the borrower to access loans

on a regular basis.

Customer Beneficial & Satisfaction identification Methods

In an Company, from procuring an order to delivering the final product, a series of activities

takes place. There are different depts. To which these activities are assigned eg. Raw material for

production is purchased by one dept. And supplied to other dept. Where the production initiates. Thus

every dept. play an important role of a customer and supplier as well. The importance of a customer is

well known from the maxim, “ Customer is the king”. Earlier, organizational administrators concentrated

only on the satisfaction of external customers i.e. the target market. But now it is being realized that if

the internal customer is satisfied the quality as well as the quantity is also appreciable. Higher the

customer satisfaction index, higher will be the quality of the production. This results in the satisfaction

of external customers and ultimately brings profits & prosperity to the organization. It can benefit the

Company in following ways:-

1) There will be less employee turnover.

2) Optimum utilization of available resources will take place.

3) High job satisfaction and feeling of belongingness in employees.

4) Qualitative product.

5) Least conflicts in the departments.

6) Good reputation in the market and many more benefits can be accrued.

Thus, every dept. should ensure that the customer dept. is satisfied with the product and

services provided by it as it will result into an overall improvement of the organization. To serve a final

customer first of all a company has to satisfy his employees. If employees are satisfied then they will

ultimately satisfy the final customer. Three types of marketing arises. These are a follows:-

(1) Internal marketing: It is defined as when company communicates its policies to the employees. In

this understands their employees & provides good working condition, compensation and incentives so

as to satisfy their employees. Company satisfy their employees because they are the person in touch

with the final users.

(2) External marketing: When company communicates with its final end user regarding the product

complaints & suggestions so as to satisfy them.

(3) Interactive marketing: In this employees communicate company product to its final end users.

Identification of customer Expectation

Customer delivered value is the difference between the total customer value and total

consumer cost. Consumer value is the bundle of benefits customers expect from a given product or

service. Total consumer cost it the bundle of costs consumer expect to incur in evaluating, obtaining and

using the product. That two customers can report being “highly satisfied” for different reasons. one may

be easily satisfied most of the time and other might be hard to please but was pleased on this occasion.

Companies should also note that managers and salespeople can manipulate their ratings on customer

satisfaction. They can be especially nice just before the survey. They can also try to exclude unhappy

customers from the survey. Another danger is that if customers will know that the company will go out

of its way to please customers, some customers may express high dissatisfaction (even if satisfied) in

order to receive more concession. The value chain is a tool for identifying ways to create more customer

value. every firm is a collection of activities that are performed to design, produce, market, deliver and

support its product. The value chain identifies nine strategically relevant activities that create value and

cost in a specific business. These nine value-creating activities consist of five primary activities and four

support activities.

INTERNAL RECORD SYSTEM

Marketing managers rely on internal reports on orders, sales, prices, cost, inventory levels,

receivables, payables, and so on. By analyzing this information, they can spot important opportunities

and problems.

THE MARKETING INTELLIGENCE SYSTEM

A marketing intelligence system is a set of procedures and sources used by managers to obtain

everyday information about developments in the marketing environment. Marketing managers collect

marketing intelligence by reading books, newspapers and trade publications; talking to customers,

suppliers and distributors; meeting with other company mangers.

First: it can train and motivate the sales force to spot and report new developments. Sales

representatives are positioned to pick up information missed by other means.

Second: the company can motivate the distributors, retailers, and other intermediaries to pass along

important intelligence. Third: companies can collect competitive intelligence by purchasing

competitors’ products; attending open houses and trade shows; reading competitors’ publishing

reports; attending stockholders’ meeting; talking to employees, dealers, distributors, suppliers, and

freight agents; collecting competitors’ ads; and looking up news stories about competitors on the

internet.

CUSTOMER FULFILLMENT AND SERVICE

Fulfillment Services and Solutions

� Fast order turn-around, most orders receive same day.

� Incoming Call Center Capabilities for sales and customer support.

� Excellent communication

available to assist via a toll

� Automatic address verification

� Large selection of carriers

move your goods efficiently.

� Our 2009 accuracy rate is over 98%

CUSTOMER FULFILLMENT AND SERVICE

around, most orders receive same day.

Incoming Call Center Capabilities for sales and customer support.

Excellent communication - Your designated customer service representative is always

available to assist via a toll-free number.

Automatic address verification - We validate addresses as we parcels.

Large selection of carriers - from parcel to freight, full truckload to cargo containers, c

move your goods efficiently.

accuracy rate is over 98%

ated customer service representative is always

from parcel to freight, full truckload to cargo containers, can

Customer order receive and follow up

Order processing is the core of logistics activity. The receipt of the customer order is the trigger

that sets into motion all the logistics functions that culminate in the delivery of the product to the

customer. Of prime importance to good order processing is a good flow of communications, which binds

the entire system together, supported by a suitable and efficient management information system that

allows the processing of customer orders as well as collecting relevant information for management

decision making. The processing of a customer's order goes through a few well-defined phases.

External elements. While the firm's internal systems may be quite fast and efficient, there is an

external element in this transaction. In the first case, there is a transmittal of the order , which could

be through the post, telephone or facsimile. This order, when received, has to be recorded and

entered into the firm's system. This induces a delay and potential for inaccuracy. The second external

element in this transaction is the dispatch of the order through a transport provider or the firm's

own units. Often, these two elements contribute the most to extending the order cycle time. A change

in the method of order placement, such as doing it on line, can significantly reduce the time taken to

process the order. This also reduces the potential for inaccuracies in the order.

Create customer follow up system

we want to select several tools to reach out and touch customers periodically. Iwill need

to balance the timing of Our follow-up and maintain professionalism. Several tools customer

follow-up system

The telephone

In today’s online and high-tech world, people forget about the phone. This is still a great way to

reach out and touch customers. It is especially effective after the sale to ask how it is going and to see if

they are happy with your product. The phone is a very personal way to interact with customers.

Email with auto responder

An email drip system with an auto responder will let you automate email contact with customer

to continue to feed them information and to keep name in front of them. This is a low cost way to keep

in touch with list of contacts. I use a product called.

Newsletter

A newsletter is a value-added way to provide information to customer. Our customer can

subscribe to the newsletter giving on permission to continue to contact them with relevant valuable

information.

MARKETING TOOL & TECHNIQUES

Here are 5 tips and tools for marketing your startup

i. Build Up Your Own Profile

ii. Participate Locally

iii. Start a Company Blog

iv. Use Video

v. Submit to Startup Listing Sites.

Build Up Your Own Profile.

Many of the most-talked-about startups are run by people who are high profile. These are

people who work very hard to build their own personal profiles and brands. They’re promoting

themselves as a means of promoting their companies. Focus on building trust, reputation and thought

leadership, even at a small scale, and you’ll see results.

Participate Locally

Elsewhere startups aren’t participating enough at a local level. Sure, our client base isn’t

exclusively local (or based there at all) but participating locally within the startup community has many

advantages. Primarily, ou’re building goodwill amongst our local peers; people who are more inclined to

help out for the heck of it, to see a local success story. You’re building up friends, ones you’ve met face-

to-face, who can spread the word, create buzz and provide leverage for further marketing efforts down

the road.

Start a Company Blog

Company blogs are interesting because they don’t just represent the voice of a single person;

they represent the voice of a company. This is certainly different from a personal blog, and even

different from many business blogs run by consultants, freelancers, etc. There are plenty of great

examples of company blogs, including Demand Satisfaction and Voodoo Ventures.

Use Video

Video is hot, there’s no two ways about it. And startups can use video quite easily to get viral

attention. This approach is more “shot in the dark” than a blog (which really should be a long-term,

organic marketing strategy) but it’s worth trying. Connected Ventures kicked ass with their lip dub video.

Humor works best, as we see with the Freshbooks video job ad . The guys at Thoof did a great job with

an Apple spoof ad, comparing themselves to dig .

Submit to Startup Listing Sites

Certainly, getting on TechCrunch, Mashable, Center Networks or one of the other big blogs that

cover startups is great, but there’s no shortage of smaller players in this space that can build awareness

and drive traffic. For example, Killer Startups allows anyone to submit a startup, and the community

votes on it. I’ve heard several good reports of the traffic it can send. Other sites include Go2Web20,

Listio, Simple Spark, Startup Squad and Feed My Appilication.

MARKET DEMAND FOR THEIR PRODUCT

Year Demand Consumption (%)

Thissure Kozhikode Kannur Kasarkod Major Producing States

2006 39.2 4.2 21.0 18.3 4.4

2007 56.4 6.9 Not Available 18.1 6.6

2008 48.4 6.7 7.1 14.3 4.1

2009 53.5 6.3 3.1 14.2 9.3

A small proportion of a household's total budget is spent on tea. At lower levels of income tea

consumption responds to changes in income. The income elasticity of demand (i.e. the percentage

change in consumption due to a one percent change in income) for tea in Thissure in the 2006s was

estimated to be 1.1. But at higher levels of income, the income elasticity of demand for tea tends to be

low. These figures suggest that the market in developed States would not expand significantly with

rising incomes. Furthermore, a decline in price would not have a large effect on the quantity demanded.

Demand Management Programmes

� Stock reduction – Although there is some correlation between stock levels and prices, the

perishability of tea means that stocks are normally small in relation to consumption, so that this

scheme will only have a small impact on raising prices.

� Reduced production – Because tea is domestically a popular beverage in many producing States,

most notably Trissure, opposition from such States is likely to make such a scheme very difficult.

High domestic demand in those States will mean that a lower share of production is exported,

thereby reducing their share in the export market, which they will find unacceptable.

� Minimum quality standards – Removing substandard tea from the export market would address

the problem of oversupply, while demand could also be stimulated by increasing customer

satisfaction with tea.

DEMAND ANALYSIS

Demand analysis provide information on

� Needs for communication of various kinds

� Private demand, affordability and user willingness to pay for telephone and other services

� Numbers, location preferences and mode of public access points

� Technology and service preferences (for example, mobile versus fixed)

� Knowledge and demand for different value-added .

Demand field studies

A demand expert designs the survey with the assistance and active collaboration of a local

research institution . The field survey is designed to identify user needs/preferences and ability to

pay and to make explicit links to estimates of income and expenditures. Study objectives identify

concrete services for investigation, the target groups, and the purposes of the study, and inclusion

of socio-economic impact elements. Five things should guide the selection of a representative

demand that can be extrapolated district. Demand analysis followed this information’s.

� Satisfaction and quality of existing services

� Price perceptions, affordability and willingness to pay

� Services desired

METHODS OF OVERCOMING COMPETITORS

� Confidence and Its Value in Handling Competition

� Using Competition as a Means of Increasing Business

� Build Up the Prospect’s Confidence

� Avoid Antagonizing

Confidence and Its Value in Handling Competition

Fear is a destroyer of confidence. Company cannot overcome even a small amount of

competition unless Company have confidence in itself and in company unique selling proposition.

Master Company fear of competition and Company will certainly overcome it. If a large number of

agents are selling in Company territory it’ll find that there is, or there isn’t a sufficient amount of

business in that territory for all.If there isn’t sufficient business in the territory for all, make the other

agents stop selling through the use of better marketing on our part. Company are, or can be a character-

builder and a positive- personality. As a capable, efficient agent, Company must not be overcome.

Company realize that business life is a battle of brains and in business life, heroes and not cowards are

rewarded. To fear competition instead of learning your proposition is frankly the mark of a coward.

When once you start out to sell a particular niche, sell it. Perseverance is the secret of success in real

estate. Courage is the beginning of selling ability. It enters into the creation of interest, the

demonstration, and the close of the sale. No agent ever developed into a strong-willed man or woman

without the spur of competition.

Using Competition as a Means of Increasing Business

Company would be smart to realize that the agents competing in Company territory are actually

helping to educate our future prospects. Company indirectly help them and they indirectly help

Company . The stronger agent and the hardest worker necessarily gets the most business but Company

are all of value in making possible a large volume of business in that territory. Competition for sure is

constructive. When Company almost sell a prospect and he afterwards lists with another agent, it is

quite possible that Company did most of the selling. Company simply were not strong enough or did

not have a sufficient number of the right arguments and suggestions to induce him or her to list with

Company. The other agent came along and induced them to list because he made

an appeal that Company didn’t know.

Build Up the Prospect’s Confidence

One of the rules most difficult for a new agent to learn is not to “knock” a competing agent.

Everything good or bad Company say about your competitor’s services helps to advertise him and if

Company are zealous in telling the customer of their services, instead of confining ourself entirely to

selling Company own proposition. As a matter of fact, agents really don’t knock another agent unless

they fear them and if they do the prospect will get the impression that the services of the competing

agent are better than ours.

Avoid Antagonizing

Avoid antagonizing Company prospects. It really isn’t good business to show

resentment at any time unless by so doing Company can actually sell a man that Company couldn’t

otherwise sell. To begin with, learn to control ourself and not fear competition. However, Company may

find it necessary to handle a prospect rather roughly at times. It takes a jar to sell some prospects and

hold them to the line so to speak and Company should be able to give them that jar if it is needed; but it

takes experience to make such a jar bring a friend and listing instead of making an enemy.

Market Segmentation

Segmentation is the cornerstone of marketing—almost all marketing efforts in some way relate

to decisions on who to serve or how to implement positioning through the different parts of the

marketing mix. For example, one’s distribution strategy should consider where one’s target market is

most likely to buy the product, and a promotional strategy should consider the target’s media habits and

which kinds of messages will be most persuasive. Although it is often tempting, when observing large

markets, to try to be "all things to all people," this is a dangerous strategy because the firm may lose its

distinctive appeal to its chosen segments.In terms of the "big picture," members of a segment should

generally be as similar as possible to each other on a relevant dimension (e.g., preference for quality vs.

low price) and as different as possible from members of other segments. That is, members should

respond in similar ways to various treatments (such as discounts or high service) so that common

campaigns can be aimed at segment members, but in order to justify a different treatment of other

segments, their members should have their own unique response behavior.

ADVERTISEMENT& SALES PROMOTION

ADVERTISEMENT: It is any paid form of non personal presentation and promotion of Ideas, goods or

services by an identified sponsor. Advertisement can be in the form of TV Adz's, Newspaper &

Magazines, Banner & Hoardings, Print Media, and Or Internet. Advertisement of Todays mainly uses

TV Ad's to promote their sales. Company has been regularly endorsing celebrity for its brand

(Balasubramaniyam, Raima Sen Etc). Some of the Newspaper in which AD's of Company appear are as

under:The Economic Times,The Times OF India,The Indian Express.

SALES PROMOTION: Sales Promotion is also one of the elements of promotion mix. It is done to

promote the sales of the product. Comapny uses different Schemes for the Super Distributors,

Distributors, Retailers & Wholesalers. Target Selling is the criteria for the Super Distributor if they

achieve that target specified they are awarded with commission (Not Disclosed). For Wholesalers &

Distributors different Scheme like Scratch Card, Lucky Draw, Discount on Bulk Purchase. DIffernet Gifts,

Commission etc are used to promote sales.

CORPORATE SALES PROMOTION: Promotional or Corporate Sales is now a days plays a big role in

marketing because the concept of getting anything extra along with the product is becoming popular

among the consumers. Companies Promotional department has seized this opportunity and is selling

large chunk of its production to corporate customers which in turn is used by them as sales Promotion

tool.

PRODUCT PUBLICITY

Product publicity is when an organization attempts to attract public interest about a product

that it offers. Publicity falls under the giant umbrella of promotion, which is a component of marketing.

Other elements of promotion include advertising, sales promotion, and personal selling. Product

publicity will happen through a planned and organized campaign, often known as a publicity plan, that

has be created in order to launch a brand new product or else provide further information to keep

continuing interest in an already established product. The publicity plan is aimed at obtaining positive

media coverage for an organization's products. The main purpose of product publicity is to inform rather

than persuade, but the ultimate goal of product publicity is to promote the product and create interest

so that people will buy it. The public relations team for a company, either an in-house department or a

hired agency, is responsible for product publicity. The public relations team, or publicists, wants to make

their products look as appealing as possible to the public through the different mass media channels.

There are several different promotional tools through which a product can be publicized.

PressRelease

A press release is a tool for product publicity. It is a written or recorded statement that is issued

by an organization and sent to members of the media. The purpose of a press release is to announce a

product launch, a specific event, or to promote someone associated with that organization in order to

attract the attention of the media. Typically, a press release is mailed, faxed, or e-mailed to newspapers,

magazines, radio stations, or television stations.

Other Techniques

Other techniques used for product publicity include telephone press conferences, in-house media

tours, video news releases, and Internet releases.

� Hold a contest

� Have an exhibition or demonstration

� Sponsor an event

� Arrange a speech

� Conduct a survey or poll

� Arrange for a testimonial

� Present an award (invent one if necessary)

� Stage a debate

� Organize a tour of the company

Customer Relationship Management

The CRM is a new technique in marketing where the marketer tries to develop long term

relationship with the customers to develop them as life time customers. CRM aims to make the

customer climb up the ladder of loyalty. The company first tries to determine who are likely prospects

i.e. the people who have a strong potential interest in the product and ability to pay for it. The company

hopes to convert many of its qualified prospect into first time customers and then to convert those first

time customers into repeat customers. Then the company tries to convert these repeat customers into

clients – they are those people who buy only from the company in the relevant product categories.

Step 1:Identify customers

To launch a one to one initiative the company must be able to locate and contact a fair number

of customers or at least a substantial portion of its valuable customers. It is crucial to know the

customer details as much as possible, not just their names or address, but their habits, preferences and

so forth.

Step 2 : Differentiating customers

Customers are different in two principal ways, they represent different levels of value and have

different needs. Once the company identifies its customers differentiating them will help the company

to focus its efforts to gain the most advantage with the most valuable customers.

Step 3 : Interacting with the customer

Interaction is also a crucial component of a successful CRM initiative. It is important to

remember that interaction just not occur through marketing and sales channels, customer interact in

many different ways with many different areas of the organization so to foster relationship all the areas

of the organization must be accessible to the customer.

Step 4 : Customize enterprise’s behavior

Ultimately to lock a customer into a relationship a company must adapt some aspect of its

behavior to meet customer’s individually expressed needs this might mean mass customizing a

manufactured product or it might involve tailoring some aspect of the service surrounding the product

� There should be more and more emphasis given by the company for satisfying the customer

up to a apex limit and by providing the utility of every penny of his money.

� There should be more use of information technology.

� The company should be flexible to bend its rules and procedures in the clients favour.

� The company can communicate and develop stronger customer bonding by providing social

and financial benefits.

� A satisfied customer in 10 years will bring 1000 more customers to the company.

� It costs 7 time more to attract a new customer than to serve an old one.

� 20% of the company’s loyal customers account for 80% of its revenues.

Customer Retain Management

An effective system of communication should provide opportunities for customer

information. The customer is the ultimate object whose satisfaction and goodwill are of the

utmost importance for the success of an organization. In carrying out the sales function of

planning, the management must communicate with customers. There were times when the

customer was not the central figure. But today the customer is the kingpin and sovereign of the

market whose needs and satisfaction, and the winning of whose goodwill, is of prime importance

in these days ofcompetitive setup. These must be communicated promptly. It is the

communication which establishes the contacts with the customers. Customercomn1unication

helps to establish a relationship with customers who buy and are the sources of products. The

media used for advertisements can also be used effectively to reach the customers. It is the

responsibility of communication:

1. To prepare welcome letters, personally addressed, signed by the chief executive officer to all

old as well as new customers.

2. Customer information should include helpful and desirable information concerning prices,

uses, after sale facilities etc.

3. Media like pamphlets and booklets printed in an attractive manner summarising the

company's product etc., are the purpose of communication.

4. Enclosing handouts, progress reports to each bill or to each correspondence mailed to

customers. This acts as a repetitive reminder to the customer about the company.

5. Prompt response to all enquiries made by the customer promotes and builds confidence and

goodwill. Effective written communication promotes a friendly understanding of company

policies.

6. Preparing brochures and other informative folders directed to specific customer groups like

fanners, small business, women, and other special users.

PRODUCT SELLING PROCESS

The selling process is a set of activities undertaken to successfully obtain an order and begin

building long-term customer relations. While the activities we discuss apply to all forms of selling and

can be adapted to most selling situations

occupation involves selling products (i.e., goods and services) to buyers and do so for organizations that

appreciate and support sellers who are well

The selling process undertaken by sales

1. Generating Sales Leads

2. Qualifying Leads

3. Preparing for the Sales Meeting

4. Making Initial Contact

5. The Sales Meeting

6. Handling Buyer Resistance

7. Closing the Sale

8. Account Maintenance

Astt. Accounts Manager

Accounts Executive

Accounts officer

can be adapted to most selling situations (including non-product selling such as selling an idea), principle

occupation involves selling products (i.e., goods and services) to buyers and do so for organizations that

appreciate and support sellers who are well-trained and ethically responsible.

e selling process undertaken by salesman include:

Preparing for the Sales Meeting

DEPARTMENT CHART

Accounts Manger

Astt. Accounts Manager

Accounts Executive

Accounts officer

Purchase Executive

Purchase Officer

Astt. Purchase Officer

Store Executive

Store Officer

Astt.Store officer

product selling such as selling an idea), principle

occupation involves selling products (i.e., goods and services) to buyers and do so for organizations that

Types of Asset & Laibility

Asset - Non-Current Assets

� Property, Plant & Equipment

� Investment Properties

� Leasehold Property

� Investments in Subsidiaries

� Investments in Associates

� Other Investments

� Other Non Current Assets

� Deferred Tax Asset

� Deposits With Colombo Stock Exchange

Current Assets

� Inventories

� Trade & Other Receivables

� Other Recoverables - Short Term Deposits

� Amounts Due From Related Parties

� Short Term Investment

� Cash and Bank

Laibility

Non-Current Liabilities

� Interest Bearing Loans & Borrowings

� Deferred Tax Liabilities

� Retirement Benefit Obligations

Current Liabilities

� Trade and Other Payables

� Income Tax Payable

� Amounts due to Related Parties

� Interest Bearing Loans & Borrowings

� Bank Overdrafts

A/C Receivable & Payable

Receivable Account

Income Tax Received

2009

Rs.000’s

Current Tax on Ordinary Activities for the year

Deferred Taxation

Tax on Dividend Income

Total Income tax Expenses

66,020

3,181

5,660

74,861

________

Dividend Received

2009

Rs.000’s

Dividend Received

Out of Dividends received - Free of tax Out of

129,852

Profits - Liable for tax

22,148

152,000

________

INVESTMENT

INVESTMENT PROPERTIES

2009

Rs.000’s

2008

Rs.000’s

At the beginning of the year

Additions

Transfers from Capital

Change in fair value during the year

At the end of the year

661,719

____

____

34,531

696,250

________

657,230

2,008

2,481

____

661,719

________

LONG TERM INVESTMENTS

2009

Rs.000’s

2008

Rs.000’s

Investments in Subsidiaries

Investments in Associates

120,380

24,000

120,380

24,000

Other Investments

Total Investments

27,534

171,914

________

11,295

155,675

________

INVESTMENT in Subsidiaries- Company

Non-Quoted No. of

shares

2009

000’s

2008

000’s

Holding

%

2009 Cost

Directors’

Valuation

Rs.000’s

2008Cost

Directors’

Valuation

Rs.000’s

Rajah Warehousing (Pvt) Ltd

Anfal Warehousing (Pvt) Ltd

12,000

570

12,000

570

100%

76%

120,000

380

120,380

________

120,000

380

120,380

________

Investments in Associates – Company

Non-Quoted No. of

shares

2009

000’s

2008

000’s

Holding

%

2009

Cost

Directors’

Valuation

Rs.000’s

2008Cost

Directors’

Valuation

Rs.000’s

Keells Realtors Ltd. 2,400 2,400 32% 24,000

24,000

24,000

24,000

________

________

Other Investments

Other

Investments

Quoted

No. of

shares 2009

000’s

No. of shares

2008 000’s

Holding

%

2009

Cost 000’s

2008

Cost 000’s

2009

Market Value

Rs.000’s

2008

Market Value

Rs.000’s

Keells Food

Products

PLC.

788 464 9.28% 27,534

27,534

_______

11,295

11,295

_______

39,834

39,834

________

25,983

25,983

________

Sources Of Funds/Resoures

Cash Flow Statement

Year ended 31st March 2009

Rs.000’s

2008

Rs.000’s

CASH FLOW FROM /(USED IN) OPERATING ACTIVIES

Operating Profit Before working Capital Changes

(Increase)/ Decrease in Inventories

(Increase)/Decrease in Trade and Other Receivables

(Increase)/Decrease in Other Non Current Assets

(Increase)/Decrease in Short Term Deposits

(Increase) /Decrease in Amounts Due from Related Parties Increase/

(Decrease) in Amounts Due to Related Parties Increase /(Decrease)

201,742

(976)

37,597

(2,661)

(11)

(1,450)

177,610

835

(179,431)

(1,189)

(50)

9,173

in Trade and Other Payables

Cash Generated from Operations

Finance Expenses Paid

Income Tax Paid

Retirement Benefit Cost Paid (Net)

Deposits made with Colombo Stock Exchange

Net Cash Flows from/(Used in) Operating Activities

CASHFLOWSFROM /(USED IN) INVESTING ACTIVITIES

Acquisition of Property, Plant & Equipment

Acquisition of Investment Properties

Purchase of Rights Issue- Keells Food Products PLC

Proceeds from Sale of Property, Plant & Equipment

Interest Received

Dividend Received

Net Cash Flows from/(Used in) Investing Activities

CASHFLOWSFROM/(USED IN) FINANCING ACTIVITIES

Repayment of Interest Bearing Borrowings

(1,953)

95,947

328,235

________

(45,364)

(66,421)

(3,529)

____

________

212,921

________

(1,157)

____

(16,239)

55

803

52,402

35,864

____

90,000

(3,383)

13,755

17,320

________

(17,718)

(43,926)

(8,187)

____

________

(52,511)

________

(13,203)

(2,008)

____

2,360

1,519

166,356

155,024

____

(106,400)

Proceeds from short term borrowings

Dividends Paid

Dividends Paid to Minority Shareholders

Net Cash Flows (Used in) Financing Activities

NET INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT THE

BEGINNING OF THE YEAR

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT THE

END OF THE YEAR

Operating Profit Before Working Capital Changes

Profit Before Tax

Adjustments for

Associate Companies Share of Profit

Depreciation

Amortisation of Lease Charges

Change in fair value of investment property

(Profit)/Loss on Sale of Property, Plant & Equipment

Provision for Retirement Gratuity

Interest Income

(152,000)

____

________

(62,000)

________

186,785

(17,738)

________

169,047

________

224,806

____

13,752

____

(34,531)

543

5,013

(803)

(52,402)

____

____

________

(106,400)

________

(3,887)

(13,851)

________

(17,738)

________

313,295

____

13,662

____

____

(2,107)

2,917

(1,519)

(166,356)

Investment Income

Finance Expenses

45,364

201,742

________

17,718

177,610

________

Tax Payment

� “An excessive and complicated tax regime is a continuing growing concern of the tea industry.”

� “New land rent tax levied on developed and underdeveloped land is too high and discourages

tea expansion raising fuel prices caused by excessive tax on the product Road toll tax on

irrigation fuel is levied even though the fuel is not used for roads for vehicles.” (Kajah tea, Ltd.)

� “The number of taxes continuing to pose a growing concern to the tea industry.Taxes such as

car benefit tax, ayroll levy, education levy are eroding the income fromthe activities of the tea

industry by raising tea production costs, thereby affecting the performance of the tea industry.”

� “still the traditional export crops are heavily taxed due to various fees ….” (Government of india

2009, p. viii).

Taxes on the tea sector include a district producess of 5 percent of the farmers’price,

stamp duty of 1.2 percent fob, withholding tax of 2 percent fob, 3.5 percent Tea Board

and research fee, corporate tax, property tax, VAT, and a service levy of 0.3 percent of

VAT net turnover. The 2 percent export tax was abolished in July 2009.

Comparative Balance sheet

LIABILITIES Note 2009

s:000 s

2008

Rs:000 s

ASSETS

Note 2009

s:000 s

2008

Rs:000 s

EQUITY

Stated Capital

Revenue Reserves

Minority Interest

Total Equity

Non-Current Liabilities

Interest Bearing Loans &

Borrowings

Deferred Tax Liabilities

Retirement Benefit

Obligations

Current Liabilities

Trade and Other Payables

Income Tax Payable

Amounts due to Related

Parties

Interest Bearing Loans &

Borrowings

Bank Overdrafts

Total Equity and Liabilities

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

152,000

898,077

____

_______

1,050,077

____

55,512

30,878

_________

86,390

299,944

15,546

1,189

90,000

9,847

_________

416,526

1,552,993

152,000

891,507

____

________

1,043,507

____

46,590

29,394

_________

75,984

203,995

24,650

3,143

____

123,269

_________

355,057

1,474,548

Non-Current Assets

Property, Plant & Equipment

Investment Properties

Leasehold Property

Investments in Subsidiaries

Investments in Associates

Other Investments

Other Non Current Assets

Deferred Tax Asset

Deposits With Colombo Stock

Exchange

Current Assets

Inventories

Trade & Other Receivables

Other Recoverables - Short Term

Deposits

Amounts Due From Related Parties

Short Term Investment

Cash and Bank

Total Assets

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

36892

696,250

____

120,380

24,000

27,534

12,445

____

____

_________

917,501

________

2,693

438,287

2,810

12,808

____

178,894

_________

635,492

________

1,552,993

________

50,082

661,719

____

120,380

24,000

11,295

9,784

____

____

_________

877,260

________

1,717

475,884

2,796

11,360

____

105,531

_________

597,288

________

1,474,548

________

As at 31st March

PROPERTY, PLANT & EQUIPMENT

At Cost Balance as

at

01.04.2008

Rs.000’s

Additions

Rs.000’s

Disposals/Re

tirements

Rs.000’s

Balance as at

31.03.2009

Rs.000’s

Plant & Machinery

Furniture & Fittings

Motor Vehicles

Computer Equipment

64,153

67,512

12,249

34,617

113

____

268

776

(1,092)

(32,963)

(677)

(5,369)

63,174

34,549

11,840

30,024

________

________

Office Equipment

Others

Total Value of Assets

7,180

11,244

_________

196,955

________

____

____

_________

1,157

________

(5,421)

(462)

_________

(45,984)

________

1,759

10,782

_________

152,128

________

Depreciation

At Cost Balance as at

01.04.2008

Rs.000’s

Charge for

the year

Rs.000’s

Disposals/Re

tirements

Rs.000’s

Balance as at

31.03.2009

Rs.000’s

Plant & Machinery

Furniture & Fittings

Motor Vehicles

Computer Equipment

Office Equipment

Others

Total Depreciation

44,339

53,760

6,963

29,446

6,989

5,376

_________

146,873

________

5,553

2,687

1,208

2,510

86

1,708

_________

13,752

________

(1,087)

(32,543)

(578)

(5,345)

(5,420)

(416)

_________

(45,389)

________

48,805

23,904

7,593

26,611

1,655

6,668

_________

115,236

________

Net Book Value of Assets

2009

Rs.000’s

2008

Rs.000’s

At Cost

Total carrying amount of Property, Plant &

Equipment

36,892

36,892

50,082

50,082

INVESTMENT PROPERTIES

2009

Rs.000’s

2008

Rs.000’s

At the beginning of the year

Additions

Transfers from Capital WIP

Change in fair value during the year

At the end of the year

661,719

____

____

34,531

696,250

________

657,230

2,008

2,481

____

661,719

________

LONG TERM INVESTMENTS

2009

Rs.000’s

2008

Rs.000’s

Investments in Subsidiaries

Investments in Associates

Other Investments

Total Investments

120,380

24,000

27,534

171,914

________

120,380

24,000

11,295

155,675

________

Investment in Subsidiaries- Company

Non-Quoted No. of

shares

2009

000’s

2008

000’s

Holding

%

2009

Cost

Directors’

Valuation

Rs.000’s

2008Cost

Directors’

Valuation

Rs.000’s

Rajah Warehousing (Pvt)

Ltd

Anfal Warehousing (Pvt)

Ltd

12,000

570

12,000

570

100%

76%

120,000

380

120,380

________

120,000

380

120,380

________

Investments in Associates – Company

Non-Quoted No. of

shares

2008 Holding 2009

Cost

2008Cost

Directors’

2009

000’s

000’s % Directors’

Valuation

Rs.000’s

Valuation

Rs.000’s

Keells Realtors Ltd. 2,400 2,400 32% 24,000

24,000

________

24,000

24,000

________

Other Investments

Other

Investments

Quoted

No. of

shares

2009

000’s

No. of

shares

2008 000’s

Holding

%

2009

Cost

000’s

2008

Cost

000’s

2009

Market

Value

Rs.000’s

2008

Market

Value

Rs.000’s

Keells Food

Products

PLC.

788 464 9.28% 27,534

27,534

________

11,295

11,295

________

39,834

39,834

_______

25,983

25,983

______

OTHER NON CURRENT ASSETS

Staff Vehicle Loan 2009

Rs.000’s

2008

Rs.000’s

At the beginning of the year

Loans Granted

Loans transferred from /(to)

Loans Recovered

Receivable within one year

Receivable after one year

12,746

7,158

3,046

(6,669)

_________

16,281 __

3,836

12,445

________

14,330

4,475

(2,947)

(3,112)

12,746 __

2,962

9,784

________

INVENTORIES

2009

Rs.000’s

2008

Rs.000’s

Building Materials

Consumables and

Spares

1,010

1,683

2,693

________

993

724

1,717

________

TRADE AND OTHER RECEIVABLES

2009

Rs.000’s

2008

Rs.000’s

Trade Debtors

Less: Provision for Doubtful Debts

447,020

(13,385)

485,861

(14,942)

Other Debtors

Advances and Prepayments

Loans to Executives

676

140

3,836

438,287

________

1,098

905

2,962

475,884

________

Amounts Due From Related Parties

2009

Rs.000’s

2008

Rs.000’s

Ultimate Parent

Parent

Subsidiary

Associate

Companies Under Common Control

Key Management Personnel

Close Family Members of KMP

Companies controlled/jointly controlled/significantly

influenced

by KMP and their close family members

6,345

____

48

____

6,415

____

____

____

____

_________

12,808

________

5,973

____

72

____

5,315

____

____

____

____

_________

11,360

_______

REVENUE RESERVES

2009

Rs.000’s

2008

Rs.000’s

General Reserve

Accumulated Profit

104,000

794,077

898,077

________

104,000

787,507

891,507

________

DEFERRED TAX LIABILITIES

2009

Rs.000’s

2008

Rs.000’s

Balance as at the beginning of the year

Charge for the year

Balance as at the end of the year

The closing Deferred Tax Liability balance relates to the

following:

Accelerated Depreciation for Tax Purposes

Revaluation of Investment Property to Fair Value

Retirement Benefit Obligations

Others - Tax Losses

46,590

8,922

55,512

________

6,581

59,738

(10,807)

____

_________

55,512

________

44,677

1,913

46,590

________

8,019

48,859

(10,288)

____

_________

46,590

________

RETIREMENT BENEFIT OBLIGATIONS – GRATUITY

2009

Rs.000’s

2008

Rs.000’s

Balance as at the beginning of the year

Provision made during the year

Interest cost for the year

Payments made during the year

Transfers during the year

(Gain)/Loss arising from changes in the

assumptions or

due to (over)/under provision in the previous

years

Balance as at the end of the year

29,394

2,058

2,939

(4,277)

748

16

_________

30,878

________

34,664

1,810

3,466

(482)

(7,705)

(2,359)

_________

29,394

________

TRADE AND OTHER PAYABLES

2009

Rs.000’s

2008

Rs.000’s

Trade Creditors

Sundry Creditors and Accrued Expenses

269,903

30,041

299,944

________

175,260

28,735

203,995

________

Amounts Due To Related Parties

2009

Rs.000’s

2008

Rs.000’s

Ultimate Parent

Parent

Subsidiary

Associate

Companies Under Common Control

Key Management Personnel

Close Family Members of KMP

Companies controlled/jointly controlled/significantly

influenced

by KMP and their close family members

726

____

3

____

460

____

____

____

____

_________

1,189

________

484

____

636

600

1,423

____

____

____

____

_________

3,143

________

Fringe Benefits Given To Employees

A fringe benefit is a form of pay for the performance of services. Company provides an

employee with a fringe benefit when company allow the employee to use a business vehicle to

commute to and from work. A cafeteria plan, including a flexible spending arrangement, a written plan

that allows company employees to choose between receiving cash or taxable benefits instead of certain

qualified benefits for which the law provides an exclusion from wages.

Employee following benefits

� Accident and health benefits

� Group-term life insurance coverage

� Employee discounts.

� Meals

� Transportation (commuting) benefits.

� Moving expense reimbursements.

� Retirement planning services.

� Volunteer firefighter and emergency medical re-. sponder benefits.

� Loan fringe benefit

� Housing fringe benefit

Working Capital Management

Working capital is the amount of funds necessary to cover the cost of operating the enterprise.

Working capital in a going concern is revolving funds .it consists of cash receipts from sales which are

used to over the cost of current operations .The need of working capital arises because of time gaps in

manufacturing and marketing cycle of business operations. This time gap is due to time gaps between

Cash and purchase of Raw-Materials.

� Purchase and production

� Production and sales

� Sales and Realization of cash.

During these intervals, the company should have ready working or operating funds to keep their

business going. Thus every business concern should have sufficient liquidity funds as its disposal to buy

Raw-Materials, stores etc to pay wages to personnel and to meet incidental expenses with the installed

plant equipment, tools and other fixed assets, the concerned would be able to produce finished goods

by spending cash or Raw Materials, intermediate goods Labor remuneration etc.

S. No Particulars 31-03-2009 31-03-2010 Increase Decrease

(a)

Current Assets

Inventories 72,230.00 50,765.00 21,465.00

Sundry debtors 28,478.00 34,042.00 5,564.00

Other current

Assets

--- 4,932.00 4,932.00

Cash & Bank

balance

7,041.00 1,56,398.00 1,49,357.00

Loan & Advance 13,205.00 11,368.00 1,837.00

Total (a) 1,02,954.00 2,57,505.00

Current Liabilities 3,10,123.00 3,77,829.00 67,706.00

Provisions 71,062.00 71,793.00 671.00

(b) Total (b) 3,81,185.00 4,49,562.00

Working

Capital

(a-b) -2,60,231.00 -1,92,057.00

Net decreased

in W.C

68,174.00 68,174.00

Total of

N.W.C

1,59,853.00 1,59,853.00

ANALYSIS

The above table discloses in this working capital as that was the Net decrease in working capital

in this year 31-03-2009 to 31-03-2010 is Rs.68,174.00 due to major reasons of adjusting current assets

as increase and the current liabilities decrease but the provision decreased.

Interest Paid

2009 Rs.000’s

MINORITY INTEREST

Balance at the beginning of the year

Share of Profits/(Loss) for the year

Dividend Paid

Balance at the end of the year

INTEREST BEARING LIABILITIES

Gross Liability

Finance Charges

Asset Backed Notes

Standard Charted Bank Loan

30,908

(1,230)

(8,400)

21,278

123,619

(48,136)

75,483

11,307

90,000

Gross Liability

Finance Charges Allocated to future periods

Standard Charted Bank Loan

101,307

24,362

(13,055)

90,000

101,307

Price List

Quarter

High

Price

Low

Price

Closing

Price

Quarterly

%Change

12 Month

%Change

2008 Jan - Mar 41.834 29.832 32.518 -24.1% -30.8%

Apr - Jun 44.691 31.604 41.262 26.9% -19.8%

Jul - Sep 44.005 34.290 35.319 -14.4% -19.9%

Oct - Dec 36.462 18.779 21.786 -38.3% -49.2%

2009 Jan - Mar 28.746 21.260 26.460 21.5% -18.6%

Apr - Jun 35.090 27.318 30.404 14.9% -26.3%

Jul - Sep 36.919 30.347 31.604 3.9% -10.5%

Oct - Dec 36.233 29.604 35.547 12.5% 63.2%

2010 Jan - Mar 38.976 33.730 37.719 6.1% 42.5%

Apr - Jun 38.919 29.375 29.684 -21.3% -2.4%

23-JUL-10 30.198 -17.8% -1.0%

Software configuration

Software configuration management (SCM) is a set of activities that are designed to control change by

identifying the work products that are likely to change, establishing relationships among them, defining

mechanisms for managing different versions of these work products, controlling changes that are

imposed, and auditing and reporting on the changes that are made. The following topic categories are

presented. Communications between the large server and LANs use the LU 6.2 protocol .The underlying

communications hardware must therefore be able to supporting that protocol. The major software

components in this scenario that use LU 6.2 communications are the following.

� CICS/ESA and CICS OS/2 for interconnectivity

� DDCS/2

� Data Propagator Relational (uses DDCS/2)

� Data Hub/2 (uses DDCS/2).

� DDCS/2 implements DRDA,

Hardware

The workstations on the LAN can be either client machines or local servers. They are connected

by a communications controller to the host, which acts as an enterprise server. The hardware

configuration corresponds roughly to the structure of the business described above. The functions

provided by the enterprise server can be mapped to the functions provided by the head office. The

functions provided locally by the LAN in each branch can be mapped to the functions provided by the

branch. Each workstation on the LAN corresponds to the workstation that an employee of the branch

uses.

Systems Analysis & Design

Based on the qualitative data gathered in the interviews, we focus in this subsection on the

system analyst role and the changes that characterized it during the transition period. As has been

mentioned before, during the transition process, one functional system analyst worked together with

the development agile team and another one stayed as part of the external functional analysts group.

The group of operational system analysts did not change.

System Maintenance

� high-maintenance

� low-maintenance

� maintenance window

High-maintenance

Describes a system which requires a high degree of maintenance to ensure proper functioning

and without which it is likely to break down. Who requires a lot of attention.

Low-maintenance

Describes a system which retains proper functionality over long periods of time despite little or

no maintenance. Figuratively, describes a person who is self-sufficient and does not require much

attention.

Maintenance window

A prescheduled time when a system can be taken off-line for maintenance, if necessary.

Features of system

INTRINSIC MARKER ID TRACKING

System is automatically assigned a distinct ID number during operation. The captured 3D

data is automatically associated with this ID by the system. No data cleaning, no special marker

arrangement, no special actor motions, nor any post-processing is ever required to help the

system correctly identify a marker.

Arbitrary Sampling Frequency

System can be set to any value to suit an application. For tracking a slow motion the sampling

rate can be set to be extremely low, for days or even weeks of continuous capture. Since there is no

marker identification problem, high frequency sampling is not necessary except for tracking very high

speed motions. For applications in which very high-speed and low-speed motions occur simultaneously,

'multi-rate sampling' can be applied to make the most effective use of the system capabilities.

Multi-Rate Sampling

Sampling slow motions at high frequency would result in large amount of useless data,

wasting storage space and any data processing effort. system allows different markers to be

sampled at different frequencies to capture motions of very different speeds at about the same

spatial resolution. This is highly useful for many scientific applications. For example, the golf

club head moves much faster than the golfer's body in a glof-swing motion. To capture at

approximately the same spatial resolution, the clubhead markers can be captured four times

faster than the body markers.

Pros and Cons of the system

A distributed database is a network of database that are logically integrated but physically spread

across a network. A distributed data base management system is software that controls the distributed

database in the network. To make sure that the data in the distributed databases are also up to date

and current, processes like duplication and replication.

There are advantages of using distributed databases. Usually it reflects your organization’s

structure. Since the databases are spread across the network, it can be in each department so that the

concerned department updates their database. Moreover in case of any catastrophic event, all the

databases are not destroyed since they are distributed in different physical locations. The performance

is also improved since the load is balanced on the servers. It costs less to have such a network instead of

a single large computer. It is easy to add or remove systems without affecting the other modules.

Disadvantages, it is difficult to maintain such a network and there would be more load for the

DBAs. Since the database is disconnected in nature, some extra work on the design part has to be done.

Complexity is increase and labor costs would also increase. Since all the sites have to be secured it is an

extra burden on that part. The manpower to manage such a database is rare to get. If you need to

convert an existing centralized DB to a distributed one, there are no tools to do so. Concurrency control

is an issue in distributed database.

Identification of error

System identification using the multi-model approach requires evaluations of thousands of

candidate models. Consequently, the solution time for an evaluation has to be kept to a minimum.

Element types and mesh size affect the solution time. Practitioners seldom use models with solid

elements due to computing constraints. A combination of beam and shell elements is commonly used to

simulate bridges. Users must employ these elements with care since all element types have limitations.

Each element type is based on specific fundamental hypotheses and is not suitable for all situations.

The identification strategy is an iterative process that employs easurements for identification of

candidate behavioral models and then information from candidate models to improve the

measurement system. At the beginning, odeling assumptions and measurements from the initial

measurement system are provided by engineers. Modeling assumptions define the parameters to be

employed within the identification task.

Error handling methods

An information handling system comprising: plural processing components operable to process

information; firmware running on a processing component, the firmware operable to coordinate

operation of the processing components; a link interfacing at least some of the processing components

;a link controller operable to manage communication of information over the link between the

processing components and to issue an interrupt if a non-fatal error occurs with the communication of

information; and a non-fatal error monitor associated with the firmware and interfaced with the link

controller, the non-fatal error monitor operable to receive the interrupt associated with the non-fatal

error and to issue an error message if then on-fatal error meet spared determined condition.

Client sever Technology

The term client-server refers to a popular model for computer networking that utilizes client and

server devices each designed for specific purposes. The client-server model can be used on the Internet

as well as local area networks (LANs). Examples of client-server systems on the Internet include Web

browsers and Web servers, FTP clients and servers. Client/server networking grew in popularity many

years ago as personal computers (PCs) became the common alternative to older mainframe computers.

Client devices are typically PCs with network software applications installed that request and receive

information over the network. Mobile devices as well as desktop computers can both function as clients.

A server device typically stores files and databases including more complex applications like Web sites.

Server devices often feature higher-powered central processors, more memory, and larger disk drives

than clients.

Database Administration

The data replication strategy focuses on a single point of control. This is crucial in a

heterogeneous database management system environment. It would be inefficient for the data

replication administrator to learn the systems management environments and tools on every platform.

The better approach is to learn the environment of one platform and let the software on that platform

control all other platforms. This reduces training expenses and increases the productivity of the copy

administrator. We assume that these administrative tasks are executed on a LAN environment just as

the business trend is toward this environment. Data Propagator Relational manages change propagation

through refresh and update propagation and is accessed from Data Hubs action bar in the Action pull-

down list. Data Hub creates a programmable-workstation-based environment for database

administration. Data Hub and Data Propagator Relational as the foundation of its customer information

system.

CONCLUSION:-

From the Study of this company I understood the functions and features of the company. This

company is improving their quality, goodwill, market value and they are giving job opportunity so many

people. They are the strength of the company’s growth. In fact we can see that the company has

modernised its machineries and all and it’s the biggest industry in whole Kerala. With all most modern

facilities.

The institutional training at KAJAH TEA COMPANY(P)LTD helped to have a good knowledge

about how a company operates and the consequent focuses relating to the business activities. In the

short span of training the company management provides me a good exposure to the working and

management work out in the detail run. It enhanced about plants production process in details ,which

paved way for rich experience in plant supervision it also provide with information regards the exports

financial and human resources activities and documentation in the organization ,which was new area

entrance for me.

The training has helped to know the various delegation s that is found in the organization and

responds ability each delegates have the training has given a deep sense of understanding how an

organization takes efforts in bringing in product as an effective one and how it can be good in

competing with its competitors.

The organizations growth decides their tireless effort in bringing it up .The expansion and

establishment of the organizations in various places and in various forms denotes their financial

efficiency and capabilities.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

TEXT BOOKS

• Research Methodology by C.R Kothari

• Human Resource Management by Shashi K. Gupta

• Finance Management by Neethi Gupta

WEBSITES

• www.wekkipedia.com

• WWW.KAJAHTEA.COM

• WWW.TEAHISTORY.COM

APPENDIX KSTC: Kerala State Textile Corporation

eSSL: enterprise Software Solutions Lab

HCL: Hindustan Computers Ltd