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Transcript of in Kuwait - University of Texas at Austin · GIS in Kuwait By Duaij Alrukaibi GIS in Water...
GIS in Kuwait
By Duaij Alrukaibi
GIS in Water Resources, Fall 2009
Introduction:
Kuwait is located in Asia in middle east on Arabian Gulf , between latitudes 28°30' and 30°05' north and longitudes 46°30' and 48°30' east, with total area of 17820 Km2.It is slightly smaller than New Jersey. In Kuwait, one of the GCC countries, natural resources of fresh water are very limited. Kuwait is situated in an arid coastal region characterized by high temperatures, low humidity, sparse precipitation rates, and high evaporation and evapotranspiration rates with no rivers or lakes. Water resources in kuwait is just from delination or groundwater. There are two type of groudwater, fresh water and brackish” saline”. In north of kuwait is located the fresh groundwater.
Objective:
# built a base map for Kuwait contain most of the layers need it in GIS program.
# knows the direction and the value of streams in Kuwait
# Definition the terms of Wadis
# This project will help to initiate source for Kuwait as Arc Hydro book for the author Prof. David Maidment.
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Methodology:
The project applied most of GIS tools on Kuwait‘s water and making sufficient information and layers for using the new tool is called Arc Hydro groundwater on Kuwait’ groundwater for further work.
In this project, most of the work will be in ArcGIS 9.3.1 and Google Earth. ArcGIS is a software program, used to built, play and analyze geospatial data, develop by ESRI. First of all, it should create 3 geadatabase in Arc Catalog called Kuwait, new file geodatabese and Kuwait data edu that contains most feature classes that are organized into feature datasets. After adding all features and set the geographic coordinates for them, In Arc Map, that can add
all the data and work and analysis them. It should be familiar with how to deal with all the features and properties of ArcGIS, for example import and export the layers, the order of layers to display in screen, repair data source and change the appearance of a map display like the symbology, labels and source where can find them in layer properties. For each layer has attribute table contain attribute data that will explain later for each layer used in this project.
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Here it is going to define the source for Kuwait Base map:
Horizontal coordinate system
Projected coordinate system name: KUDAMS_KTM
Geographic coordinate system name: GCS_KUDAMS
Datum: D_KUWAIT_UTILITY
Bounding coordinates
Horizontal
In decimal degrees
West: 46.543496
East: 48.786090
North: 30.096103
South: 28.512802
In projected or local coordinates
Left: 359640.142500
Right: 575746.339000
Top: 3329434.442200
Bottom: 3154848.974300
Makes the analysis more easily, Kuwait was divided to 6 regions as the number of governorates in Kuwait”
alasema, Farwaniya, Mubarak alkabeer, ahmadi and jahra.
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So, from the attributes table of
governorates layer can find the
area of each one and total area
for Kuwait.
Second step was created layers from the main data” AQUIFERS, COUNTRIES, DEM, COVERNORATES, GEOLOGY,
WADIS, WELLS” by different tools of GIS. Exploring the elevation of Kuwait from the sea level by DEM layer that
has layer properties and to calculate the highest elevation by using spatial analyst tool “Raster calculator”. Also, in
the same tool can find contours that useful to visualize topography and hillshade.
The ability of Arc Hydro Tools used for created stream network such as fills the sinks in a grid, the flow direction
and their accumulated values by using the input wadis. Also, catchment polygon processing got by the same tool
and has value regarding to the value of stream segment that should done before this process. The stream network
complete with find drainage points and drainage lines that will use instead of wadis layer.
Finally, the geometric network built in Arc Catalog from the input drainage line. Utility network analyst defined the
direction for the system and it identified specific edge by different trace tasks for example trace downstream, trace
upstream and find loops. Using aquifers and wells feature classes as input to relationship class in Arc Catalog and
another one between Wells and groundwater Time series.
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Result:
Explore governorates and DEM layer from attributes table to get the result below.
Governorates layer:
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The total surface area for Kuwait excluding the islands is 17,304 km2 with them is 17818 Km2. The surface area for each governorate from the largest to the smallest one, Jahra 12261 Km2, Ahmadi 4520 Km2, Alasema 175 Km2, Farwaniya 162 Km2, Mubarak ALKabeer 101 Km2, Hawalli 83 Km2.
DEM layer:
From the properties layer, it displays the cell size and the maximum and minimum elevation.
By spatial analyst then Raster calculator can get the highest elevation from put the input the layer [DEM] > 250. This is will select all cell grids with values from 250 and above.
Then it should identify the contours that will be as input later. By spatial analyst tool in surface analysis choose “contour”
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Stream network for Kuwait
Most of the layers will get here by using Arc Hydro tools. First, find fill sinks layer by terrain preprocessing as input DEM. The most important two layers that will decide how the direction of stream and the value “flow direction and flow accumulation”
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Depend on the eight direction pour point model.
And the flow accumulation:
Both of those layers used wadis layer as input to created them
Wadi is the Arabic term traditionally referring to a valley; in some cases it may refer to a dry riverbed that contains water only during times of heavy rain.
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The value of stream segment that should used to get catchment grid delineation then can find catchment polygon processing. First find stream definition that computes a stream grid which contains a value of 1 and the stream segmentation
Used the stream segmentation as input for find catchment grid delineation then can find catchment polygon
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The stream network complete with find drainage points and drainage lines that will use instead of wadis layer.
Evaluation of drainage density for each governorate
Area of Jahra 12261 Km2 and length of drainage line inside it 16970 km Drainage Density = 1.38 m‐1
Area of Ahmadi 4520 Km2 and length of drainage line inside it 648 km Drainage Density = 0.143 m‐1
Area of Alasema 175 Km2 length of drainage line inside it 39 km Drainage Density = 0.222 m‐1
Area of Farwaniya 162 Km2 length of drainage line inside it 138 km Drainage Density = 0.851 m‐1
Area of Mubarak ALKabeer 101 Km2 length of drainage line inside it 9 km Drainage Density =0.089 m‐1
Area of Hawalli 83 Km2 length of drainage line inside it 5 km Drainage Density = 0.060 m‐1
All the Governorate layers with the drainage line passing through it.
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Geometric network:
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In Arc Catalog, it can create geometric network that has Edges and junctions.
And by Utility network analyst tool can defined the trace either upstream or downstream
Then the last relationship between the wells layer and aquifer and another one between Wells and groundwater Time series that is borehole table for all wells in Kuwait and this is example for borehole illustrate the soil layer and groundwater condition in each of them
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Conclusion:
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As a result to all layers made by GIS software that it first step to built Arc Hydro of Kuwait as shown below.
Then it is base for use Arc groundwater tool initiated by Aquaveo that Store and visualize groundwater in 2D and 3D, time series, and borehole & other geologic data within ArcGIS. This is example for the entire important compound should use it for this tool
References:
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Arc Hydro, David madiment
Kuwait institute for scientific and research library
http://www.kisr.edu.kw/
http://www.aquaveo.com/archydro‐groundwater