PACIFIC CITIZENK124;NO.11 SALTLAKECITY,UTAH, SATURDAY,MARCH22,1947 Pri ce:SevenCents

InteriorSecretarySupportsLegislation i nCommunicati onsToHouse,SenateLeadersh i pIPassageofBillCreatingClaimsCommissi onSeenbyOffici alas"MatterofFairness;GoodConscience"i nMessagestoVandenberg,MartinIWASHINGTON—DecIaringth atth e"leastth i scountrycan■i nsimple j usti ce,istoaffordsomedegreeofcompensation■th emeasurablespeciallossesth atth eevacueesh avesuffered,"■cretaryofInteriorJuliusA.Krugth i sweek sentcommunica-■nstoSen.Arth urVandeh burg,R.,Mich .,presidentprotempore■th eSenate,andRep.Joseph Martin,R.,Mass.,speak erofth e■use,urgingth epassageofanevacuationclaimsbi lltorepayBestCoastevacueesofJapaneseancestryforlossessustainedasHesultofth eevacuationi n1942.—————————-̂— —̂■SecretaryKrug transmitteda■ftofth eproposedlegislation■create an Evacuation ClaimsBnmissi onunderth egeneralsu-Hvisi onofth eSecretaryofIn-Hor.■SecretaryKrug's letters wereHnowledgedbySen.VandenbergBj Rep.Martinandwereforward-■toth erespectiveSenateandHiseJudici arycommittees.IIntroductionofth eevacuationHumslegislation,wh i ch i sex-Hctedtobei denti caltoth ebi lls■troduced i nth e79th Congress,■expectedi nboth h ousesi n"th eB\tfewdays."■Th eevacuationclaimsbi llwasi n-Hducedi nth e79th CongressandMjspassed unanimouslyby th eHiatelastJuly.ItdidnotcometoBotei nth eHouse.■nh i slettertoSen.Vandenberg■lRep.Martin,urgingpassageof■islationtocreateth eEvacua-MnClaimsCommissi on,SecretaryBugqutlinedth etangiblelosses■feredbyth eevacueesasare-■tofth eevacuationandth ei rex-■sionfromth eWestCoastarea■ilJan.2,1945.■'Unli k eourfigh ti ngmenand■i i 'famili es,wh oalsomadefi-■ncialandpersonalsacrifi ces i n■swar,th i sgroupwasgivenno■tutoryrigh tto ameliorating■befits,"SecretaryKrugdeclar-■"Th esepersons h ave h adto■rth elossesoccasionedbyth e■cuationi nadditi ontoth ewar-Hedeprivati onsth eyh avesh aredHnth erestofth eAmericanpeo-m\\»■SecretaryKrugsaidth atmany

evacueeswereforcedtosellth ei rpersonalandbusinesspossessionsatth eti meofth eevacuation"inasettingofconfusionandh ysteria"forasmallfractionofth ei rvalue"Alargenumberh adtoaccepttotallyi nadequatearrangementsforprotectionandmanagementofproperty,"h eadded."Valu-ableleaseh oldi nterestsh adtobeabandoned."Th eInteriorsecretarypointedoutth atcontinuedexclusionofth egroupbetweenth etimeofth eex-clusionandth eti meofth eArmy'srecissi on ofexclusionordersonJan.2,1945i ncreasedth elossesofth eevacueesth rough th eft,vandal-i sm,arson,mismanagementandwaste.Itwaspointedoutth atth epro-

posedevacuationclaimsbi llpro-videsforadjudi cati onofclaimsforaccountablelossessustainedbyth eevacuees."Th e Commissi on would h avej uri sdi cti ontoadjudi cateclaimsbypersonsofJapaneseancestryfordamagetoorlossofrealorperson-alproperty,oroth eri mpai rmentofassets,th atarosefrom orasanaturalandreasonableconsequenceofth eevacuationandexclusionpro-gram,"SecretaryKrugexplained.Henotedth atth estandardsetforclaimstobepaidunderth elegis-lation"excludesclaimsth atarelargelyspeculativeandlessdefi-nitelyappraisable,such asclaimsforantici patedwagesorprofitsth atmigh th aveaccruedh adnotth eevacuationoccurred,fordeteriora-tionofsk i llsandearningcapacity,andforph ysi calh ardsh i psormen-talsuffering."Th ecommunicati on notedth at

amongth etypesofclaimsexclud-edbyth ebillfromconsiderationbyth eCommissi on"areclaimsofper-sonswh owerevoluntarilyori n-voluntarilydeportedtoJapan."Underth eproposedbillallclaimsmustbefiledwith i n18month sfol-lowingenactmentand th e Com-mi ssi onwouldberequiredtocom_-plete i tswork with i nth reeandf)ne-h alfyearsth ereafter."Asamatteroffairnessand

good conscience, and becauseth eseparticularAmericanciti -zensandlawabidi ngaliensh avebornewith pati enceand unde-featedloyaltyth euniqueburdenswh i ch th i s government h asth rownupon th em,Istronglyurgeth atth eproposedlegislationbeenacted i ntolaw,"SecretaryKrugconcluded.

EvacueePropertyLossesDiscussedByCanadaOffici al

IrORONTO,Ont.—Proceduresfor

i i nvestigati onofpropertylossesIfferedbyJapaneseCanadiansasresultofth ei rforcedevacuationi m th eBri ti sh ('■i lumbi acoastali e i n1942werediscussed i nOt-valastweek byAndrewBrewin,;alcounselofth eCooperativemmitteeonJapaneseCanadians,i SecretaryofStateColinGib-i ,i twasreportedh ere.th emeetingwasarrangedby!CooperativeCommittee.

Wrs.Hu,gh MacMillan,secretaryth eTorontogroup,declaredth atIorganizati onproposedtogivelistancetoJapaneseCanadianspresentingth ei rclaimsforconi-zationforlossessufferedasaultofth eevacuation.

ArmyOffici alCallsNiseiWorld'sBestInfantrymen

IVIENNA,Austria— A h i ghi meri canarmyoffici alsaidh ereecentlyth ath ebelieved"th eest i nfantrysoldiers i n th eorldtoday"arenotth eGer-"ans,th eRussiansoreventh eAucasianAmericans— th ey're"cNisei from th e mai nland'nrtedStatesandHawai i .Ih eauth ori tyforth estati-i enti sCol.Wi lli am P.Yarfco->ugn,provostmarsh alofAf-ricanforces i nViennaand01--anizerofth eInformationalPa-.olwh i ch k eepsaneyeon sol-'eraofallth efourAlliedpow-fsoccupyingth ecity.

Col.Yarborough fough talong-sideJapaneseAmericansoldiersofth e 100th Battalionandth e442ndCombatTeamallth ewayup th eItalianpeninsula. Heth i nk sth eyprovedbeyonddoubtth eywereloyalandth atth eyweregoodsoldiers.Col.Yarborough h asapretty

gloodcombatrecordh i mself.Hetook a groupofanti-ai rcraftgunnersandmade i nfantrymenoutofth em andbrough tth emupalongsideth eNisei ."Th eNi sei reallyearnedth ei rwayth rough th fewar,"Col.Yar-borough ,a nativeofSeattle,declares."Th eyh admorePurple

Heartsth an'anyoth ercompar-ableoutfit."Hesaidh ebeli evedeveryoneofth eNisei soldiersofth e442ndCombatTeam sh ouldbeclassi-fi ed asa h eroandsh ouldbetreated'accordingly.

Citi zensh i pForIssei UrgedByMasaok aatHearing

BemedaledVeteransLosingLandsasResultofAnti-Ali enLaws,CongressmenInformedWASHINGTON—Stressingth atJapaneseAmericanwarvet-

eransandth ei rali enparentsfacedlossoffarmpropertiesbecauseofstatelegislationbasedonth ei neli gi bi li tyofJapanesealienstociti zensh i p,Mi k eM.Masaok a,legislativedirectorofth eNationalJACL'sAnti-Di scri mi nati on Committee,urgedth epassageoflegislationtoelimi naterestricti onsbasedonrace,ancestryorna-tionalorigi nfromth enaturalizati onlaw i nastatementbeforeth ei mmi grationandnaturalizati onsubcommitteeofth eHouse j udi -ci arycommitteeonMarch 19. ■Masaok anotedth at90,928ofth e96,485residentaliensconsid-ered"ineli gi bletociti zensh i p"underth eracialrestricti onsi nth e'presentlaw wereofJapa-neseancestry.Heemph asi zedth atth eparentsofth e25,000JapaneseAmericanswh oserved i nWorldWarIIandwh o,i nth ewordsofGen.JosephStilwell,"brough tan awfulbigh unk ofAmericawith th ei rblood,"werei neli gi bletociti zensh i p.Masaok asai dth atJapaneseres-i dentaliens i nth eUni tedStatesandHawai i "h avemadesigni fi cantcontributi onstoeverycommunityi nwh i ch th ey h averesided,par-ticularlyinth efi eldofagricul-ture.""Th eyh aveprovedth emselves

tobe law-abidi ng,th ri ftyandgoodciti zensbyanystandardap-plicabletoanyfirstgenerationi mmi grantgroup,"Masaok asai d."Inth erecentwar,"h eadded,"th ese90,000Japanesealienswereclassifi edas 'enemyaliens'—notbecauseth eyremained aliensbych oi .ee,butbecauseth ey h adnooth eralternative.Th ese 'enemyaliens,'particularlyth oseonth ewestcoastofth e Uni #dStates,werecalledontosufferuniquelyandtosacrifi ce asmuch asanyoth erminori ty.Becauseofth ei rfai th i nth eAmericanwayandi nth eultimatefairplayofth eAmer-i canpeople,th eseresidentJapaneseconductedth emselvesloyally."Th eynotonlyaided i nth efac-toriesandth efarmsofourvic-toriouswareffort,butmanyserv-ed i nth evitallyi mportantcoun-ter-intelligence,map-drawing,in-terpretationand translationanddocumentationsectionsofourgov-ernment."Th eyarestillbrandedas'enemyaliens'andwe,th ei rAmericancit-i zench i ldren,areforcedtosufferbecauseofth i sacci dentofbirth ."Manybemedaledwarveter-

ansarelosingth ei rlandsbecauseth ei rparentswh oare'ineli gi bletociti zensh i p'bough tth atlandforth emyearsago."Masaok aci tedth eIwamuraandFuj i tacasesi nCaliforniawh i ch i n-volvedstateprosecutionsforth econfiscationofpropertyownedbyAmericansofJapaneseancestrywh o h avepartici patedactivelyi nth ewareffort,th eIwamurabroth -ersi nth earmy,andMissTomoyeFuj i taasanemployeofth eFederalBroadcastIntelligenceService."Ifth esealienlandlawsi nsome12westernstateswerestrictlyen-forced,Americanciti zenscouldnotpermitth ei rownparentstoliveonth esamelandwith th em i fth eywereofJapaneseancestry,"Ma-saok aadded.Healsopointedoutth at"aliensi neli gi bletociti zensh i p"alsoareexcludedbyrestricti velawsfromalmost100separatefieldsofem-ploymentandfrombusinessesandprofessionalvocations i nvariousstates.Rep.EmanuelCeller,D.,N.V.,i nterposedtoask wh atj uri sdi cti onCongress h ad on th i s si tuationwh i ch wascreatedbyrestricti velegislationpassedIby i ndi vi dualstates.Masaok aexplainedth atth eU.S.Supreme Court h ad stated th atCongressh adsetupth eclassifi ca-ti onofi neli gi bi li tytonaturaliza-

tiononwh i ch th eserestricti velawswerebased.Th eJACL-ADCoffici alcitedtwo

casesto i llustrateth edi scri mi na-torynatureofth epresentnatural-i zati onlaw.Hesaidth atMrs.NawaMune-mori,widowedmoth erwh oseson,Sadao Munemori,was k i lled i nItalyinactionforwh i ch h ewasposth umously awarded th e Con-gressionalMedalofHonor,cannotreceiveanold-agepensionfromth estateofCalifornia."Myownmoth er,"Masaok a

said,"wh o h adfi vesonswh ofough toverseasi nEurope,withonek i lledandth roereceivi ngth ePurpleHeart,i sn'tsuresh ecanleasepropertyforcommercialorresidentialpurposes,becauseeventh i srigh ttoearnalivi ngortoh avea h omei scontestedbyth estateofCaliforniaunderth eAHenLandlaw.""Mostofourparentsh avelivedalongandusefullife,"Masaok acontinued."Th eyh avedoneth ei rbestto bring usupasciti zensworth yofth egreath eri tageth ati sAmerica's.Weask th atth ey,too,beallowedtosh arewith usth epriceless privi lege ofAmericanciti zensh i p.Forasidefromalloth erconsiderations,th i sciti zensh i pwi llprovetoth emth atatlonglastth eyh avebeenacceptedbyth erfellowAmericansasworth yofourciti -zensh i p,th atth eyarenotonlygoodenough tolivei nourcountryandtopaytaxesbutalsotobeci ti zens."Masaok aurgedth esubcommitteetogiveseriousconsiderationtoth eFarringtonbilltoremoveracialrestricti onsfromnaturalizati onandi mmi grationandth eJudd,MillerandEberh arterbillstocorrect"in-j usti ces"i nth elawsandtoprovidedi scri mi natorypowerstoth eAt-torneyGenerali nh i streatmentofdeportationcases i nvolvingJapa-nesealiens.Membersofth ei mmi grationandnaturalizati onsubcommitteeatth eh eari ngwereReps.LouisE.Gra-h am,Pa.;Frank L.Ch elf,Ky.;EmanuelOeller,N.'V.;PaulJ.Kilday,Tex.;andFrank Fellows,Me.,ch ai rman.Inh i spleaforfavorablecon-siderationofth eproposedlegis-lation,Masaok arevivedth ewar-timeexploitsofAmericansol-diersofJapaneseancestry i nEuropeandi nth ePacifi c.Rep.Ki ldayinterposedtorecallth ath eh adbeeni nFrancesh ortlyafterth e442ndCombatTeam ofJapaneseAmericansh adrescuedth e"LostBattalion"ofth e36th(Texas)Divi si on.Rep.Ki ldaysaidh e h adbeengivena"finereport"onth eJapaneseAmericansbyDel-egateFarringtonofHawai i wh oh advi si tedth e442ndCombatTeami nFrance.Masaok a alsobrough tup th eproblems ofseveral JapaneseAmerican servicemen wh o h admarriedCanadianwomenbutcouldnotbringth em i nto th eUnitedStatesunderth eSoldiers'BridesActbecauseth ewi veswereofJap-aneseancestry.Inh i sconcludingplea,Maeaok a

ask edforth ei mmediateremovalofracialbarsi nth enaturalizati onandi mmi grationlaws"inth enameofth esoldierdeadofallnationali-tieswh odi edth atwemigh th aveanopportunitytofash i onabetterAmericaandagreaterworldofpeace,j usti ceandequalityforall."

Nisei AmputeeVetTestifi esForFEPCLegislationSPRINGFIELD,111.—"Ilost

twolegsi nFrance.Th eyweregoodAmericanlegs."So,succintly,Tak aj i Goto,24,veteranofth e442ndRegimentalCombatTeam,testifi edonMar.18i nbeh alfofFEPClegislationatah eari ngh eldbyth eIllinoi sGeneralAssembly i n Spring-fi eld.Th eNi sei veteran,canei none

h and,limpedtoth espeak er'srostrum.Hisspeech wasbrief."Ith i nk th eresh ouldbeequal

righ tsforeveryonei nth i sna-ti on,"h esai d."Th atgoesforguysli k eme.Ilosttwolegsi nFrance.Th eyweregoodAmer-i canlegs."Hewasi ntroducedbyKenneth

McKenzie,Ch i cago,wh orepre-sented th e NearNorth Sidech apterofth eAVC.

FiftyReturnFromJapanonGen.GordonNisei WereStrandedDuringWar;ClearedByU.S.Auth ori ti esSANFRANCISCO—CIearedby

U.S. occupationauth ori ti es i nJapan,th efi rstlarge-scalegroupofstrandedNisei to return tofamili esand h omesi nth eUnitedStatesarrivedi nSanFranciscoonMarch 19onth eAmericanPresi-dentlinerGeneralGordon,Th i rty-oneofth ereturneesweregirls,mostofwh om h adwork edfori s.S.occupationforcessinceth earrivalofAmericantroopsi nJapani n1945. Amongth emen,th emajori tyh adbeenstudentsandofminorageatth eti meofth eoutbreak ofwari n1941.Th e youngestNisei on boardwereKeith Vagi,7,andh i sbroth -er,Ei j i ,11,nativesofSanfran-cisco,wh o wereorph anedwh enth ei rparentswere k i lledonMay27,1945 i nth ebombingofYok o-h ama.Th eyh adbeenevacuatedtorelatives i nHirosh i maprefecture.Th ei rfath erwaswith aJapanesebank i nSanFranciscobeforeth ewarwh i leth emoth erwasaNiseigirlfromVacavUle,Calif.Th eyac-companiedSumi Teramoto,formerSanFranciscoresident,wh onowi senroutetoSt.Paul,Minn.Th ech i ldrenwilljoi nth ei rgrandpar-ents,Mr.andMrs.Tai j i Furuya,1332GearySt.Th eoldestNisei onboardwas

Sh i raAk i zuk i ,42,ofSanJosewh owasfinallyreach i ng.h omeafteralongtripstarted-lastyearfromSh angh ai wh ereh eh adbeenasso-ciatedwith th eBri ti sh -AmericanTobaccocompanybeforeth ewar.Itwasreportedth at20oth er

Nisei h admi ssedth eboatatYok o-h amawh enth esaili ngdateofth eAPLlinerwasresch eduledwithonlyafew h ours'noticetoth eprospectivepassengers.Th oseonth eGeneralGordonre-

portedth atNisei menwh owerei nJapanduringth ewarareexper-i enci nggreatdiffi cultyi nobtain-i ngclearance.Manywereforciblydraftedi ntoth eJapanesearmyorwereemployedi npositi onswh i chmiti gatedth ei rch ancesofgettingreturnpermits.Th eysaidth atallNisei were k eptunderclosesur-veillanceduringth ewaranda&erefrequentlych argedwi th maintai n-i ngpro-Americanattitudes.

■KrugUrgesPaymentofEvacueeClaims■(rugUrgesPaymentofEvacueeClaims

Army,CommunityActionSough tToProvideRecreationforGlsAsResultofSeattle"Incident"

SEATTLE—Th enecessityformili taryandcommunityactiontoassurerecreationalfacili ti esforJapaneseAmericansoldiersatFortLewiswasstressedh ereth i sweek ,followingath reatenedaltercationonMarch 15betweenJapaneseAmericanveteransand

Hawai i anNi sei soldierswh i ch resulted i npoliceaction i nclosing

adanceatth eBuddh i sth all,1427Mainstreet.Communityrepresentativesdeclaredth atmili taryauth ori ti es

h adbeenapprisedofth eneedforplannedactiontoproviderec-reationaloutletsforth esoldiersnearlyoneyearyearagowh en500recruitsfrom Hawai i arri vedatFortLewisforbasictraini ngwi thth eSecondInfantryDivi si on.Itwasstatedth atth e"inci dent"onMarch 15,wh i ch receivedwidepublici tybutwh i ch didnotresulti nanyviolence,wasth elatestex-pressionoftensionbetweengroupsoflocalJapaneseAmericans,most-lyveterans,anda"smallpropor-ti on"ofth etraineesatFortLewis.Aspok esmanforth eNi sei Vet-

eransCommittee,representingth eex-Gls,criti ci zedasmallpercent-ageofth eFortLewissoldiersfor"h oodlum"conductandask edmili -taryauth ori ti esfordisci pli naryac-tionagainst"trouble-mak ers."Th eNVC spok esman said th atth i s"smallproportion"ofth e Ni seitroopsatFortLewis h adforcedth ei rwayi ntodancesandoth erso-cialactivi ti essponsoredby th eveteransfrequently and causedtrouble.Itwasstatedth atarecreationalproblem h adexi stedforth etroopsatFortLewissi nceth earrivalofth e500recruitsfrom Hawai i i nMay,1946,totrainwith th eSec-ondInfantryDivi si on.Hawai i an Ni sei soldiersfromFortLewish ad been i nvi ted i ngroupstoparties,dancesandoth -erfunctionsbySeattleresidents,i twasstressed.Th ediffi culties, i twas reported, i nvolved a smallgroupofth esoldiersatth efortwh oh ad"gottendrunk "and h ad"pick edfigh ts"with SeattleNisei .A Nisei spok esman said th atth ere h adbeenth reefigh tsatadanceonMarch 8.Th efollowingweek adancewassponsoredatth eBuddh i stch urch ,1427MainSt.,and40ofth e.Hawai i anNisei sol-di ersfromFortLewisWere i nvi t-edasgueststoth eaffair.Itwasstatedth atleadersofth ese sol-diers,wh odi dnoti ncludeth eal-leged"troublemak ers"h adexpres-sedth ei rregrettoth edancecom-mitteeofth etensionwh i ch h adbeencreatedbetweenth esoldiersandth eSeattleresidents.Th esol-di ersvolunteeredtocome i nandh elpputupdancedecorations.Sh ortlyafterth edanceh adgot-tenunderwaŷ crowd,describedbyoffici alsasconsisti ngofNiseiveterans,h adgath eredoutsideth eh all.Police saidth ey h ad closedth edancetoavoidapossibledis-turbance.Amemberofth eNi sei Veterans

Committeesaidth atsomeofth eveteransHiadgottentogeth ertopreventfurth er"h oodlum"conductbysomeofth esoldiers.Th enumberofmeni nth ecrowdoutsideth eBuddh i stch urch wasestimatedvariouslyfromtwelveto"ah undred."

OfficerDeniesReportGlsi n"Altercation"SituationInvolves500Hawai i Ni seiTroopsatFortLewis

PORTLEWIS,Wash .—DenialofanyaltercationsbetweenJapa-neseAmericancivi li ansandJapa-neseAmericansoldiersatSeattleduringadanceonMarch 15wasmadeby Col.RobertK.McDon-ough ,actingch i efofstaffofth eSecond Infantry Divi si on, onMarch 17.Col.McDonough saidan i nves-tigati onh adsh own:"Bypriorarrangementwi th th e

committeeofJapaneseAmericansfTomSeattleandth edi vi si oncom-mander,fourselected JapaneseAmerican non-commissi oned offi-cersreportedSaturdaynigh ttoadanceatth eBuddh i sttemplei nSeattle.Th edance wasanopendanceandcertain soldiersfromth edivi si ondidattend."A group oflocalJapanese

Americans, antici pati ng trouble,orderedth egroupoutsidetodis-perseandclosedth edance.Th erewasnoaltercationorfigh t."Approximately 500 JapaneseAmerican soldiers from Hawai ih avebeeni nbasictraini ngatFortLewisforth epastyearasmem-bersofth eSecondInfantryDivi -sion.Inastatementtoth epressCol.

JamesHagen,actingcommanderofth eSecondInfantryDivi si onde-clared:"Th ere.i snoreasonwh yourmensh ould notactli k e gentle-men.Alth ough th ere i sprobablyfaultonboth si des i nth i scase,wecantak estepstoseeth atourmenarenotagaini nvolved."

RogerBaldwinLeavesonTourOfFarEasternNationsWillServeasSpecialJACLRepresentativeDuring3-Month sTri pB,yEVERETTJAMESSTARRNEW YORK—RogerN.Bald-win,directorofth eAmericanCi vi lLibertiesUnion,wasth ecelebrat-edguestofh onorataSundayeveningteaandcock tai lreception,March 16,mark i ngh i sdepartureonanextensiveth reemonth stourofth eFarEast,especiallyJapanandKorea.Th epartywas h eldi nth espaciousapartmentofMr.andMrs.Rich ard S.Ch i lds at435East52ndStreet,overlook i ngth eEastRiver's scenictraffic, i tsi slandsandth eneigh bori ngBur-rough sofQueensandBrook lyn.Mr.Baldwinusedth egayocca-sionto explain h i spurposes i nmak i ngth esurveyandstatedth atth etripwas i nsti gatedth roughGeneral Douglas MacArth ur'sTok yoh eadquartersandth eWardepartment.Th e guestofh onorstatedth ath i sprinci palj obwouldbetocontactth eleadingpoliti -cal,educationalandsocialfi guresandtoi mparttoth emmuch advi ceand fundamental princi ples asth osedefendedsovigorouslybyth eACLU.Th eultimategoal,Mr.Baldwinexplainedi ndetail,wastocreateth eagenciesforfutureplan-ni ngandassistancei nth edevelop-mentoftrulydemocraticgovern-mentsi nth eFarEeastcountries.Expectingtomak eh i sh eadquar-tersi nJapan,Mr.Baldwinsai dth ath ei ntendedtospendconsid-[erabletime i nth atcountryandi nKorea.However,realizi ngth at

h ewouldbewith i nafewflyingh oursofsuch placesasSingapore,Manilaandth elesseri slands,h eexpectedtoestablish contactsandtoassisti nestablish i ngnationalaffili ates of th e InternationalLeagueforth eRigh tsofManandth eWorld FederationofUnitedNationsAssociati ons.Itwasforth i sreasonth atMr.Baldwinde-cidedtogo i nanunoffici alcapa-cityasbynotgoingth rough WarDepartmentordersh ecouldbet-terserve th e non-governmentagencies.

Miss Louise Yin,representingth epeopleofKoreaatth eUni tedNations,praisedMr.Baldwin'sef-forts i nfurth eri ngamorecom-pleteunderstandingofth eKoreanpeopleand th ei rproblems.Sh eemph asi zedth efactth ath ercoun-trywasdivi dedbyageograph i caldistri buti on ofnaturalwealthwh i ch i nturn h adled to twoseparatecultures— th e north -ern i ndustrial,andth esouth ernagricultural.Mis*Yinstatedth atth i s i s th ereason h ercountryneededmuch guidanceandeffortfrontsuch menasMr.Baldwinbe-foreKoreacould h ave th e i dealh ome-ruledgovernmentsh edesiredh erpeopletoform.Sh eexplainedth atth e ACLU's directorcouldperformavaluableservicetonotonlyh erpeoplebutth epeoplesofallFarEasterncountriesth roughh i spositi onasaspecialconsul-tantto th eWardepartmentoncivi lli berties.Mrs.YurinoStarrofth eJACLpaidtributetoMr.Baldwin'sfine

supportandcooperation. Statingth atth rough h i s experiences i nAmericawith JapaneseAmericansandoth erFarEastminori ti es h ewouldbeamostreceptivepersontoconstructivecriti ci sm andsug-gestions,Mrs.Starrfeltassuredth ath i smi ssi onwouldprovesuc-cessful. Mr.Baldwin i sactingalso asaspecialrepresentativeofth eJapaneseAmericanCi ti zensLeague.Amongth osepresenttowish th e63-year-oldACLUdirectora"BonVoyage"wereJudgeDoroth yKen-yon;Clark e Eich elbergerofth flUnitedNationsAssociati on;th eactress,BettyFields;Mr.andMrs.ElmerRice;Ralph Straus,part-ner i n th e Macy's DepartmentStores;NewYork Postcolumnist,Doroth y Norman; and HenryRoth sch i ldandwife.Th eh ost,Mr.Ch i lds, i s vi cech ai rman onth eACLUbeardofdirectorsand i sassociatedwith th eLederleLabor-atoriesasvicepresidentofth i slargeph armaceuticalfirm.

PeggyPaysHerIncomeTax

NEW YORKClTY—Nisei everywh ere j oi nedi nth enationalrush tobeatth eMarch 15>iMr.andMrs.S.Sugiok aofw»ter,to th eRev.RobertGil**\*asannouncedlastweek by*»bride-to-be'sparents. ,l.Rev.Gildnerispastoroft»Beth anyMeth odi stch urch i nw»ver.Miss Sugiok a formerly»>tendedth eUniversityofK̂andi sonth eadmini strativev»>ofth eGraceOommunityw*>andCh urch i nDenver.

PACIFICCITIZENSaturday,March 22la.|

2

Coroner'sJuryRulesExplosionDeath sAccidentTwoN»e>GM*Killed i nBlastAtO'ConnorPlant

LOS ANGELES— Acoroner'si urvruled onMarch 13th atth edeath softwo JapaneseAmeri-cans AliceIbaandAk i k oOtomo,and'lsoth ers i n th e O'ConnorElectroplating plantexplosiononFeb.20wereaccidental.Th e j uryabsolvedth eO'Connorcompany andnotedth atRobertMagee,ch i efch emi stofth eO'Con-norcompanywh oi smissi ngandbelieveddeadi nth eblast,h admis-representedlm scienti fi ctraini ng.Fusak oSh i buya,24,anemployeeofth eO'Connorcompany,testifi edi tth eh eari ngth ath erfriend,Miss[bam h adtoldh erbeforeth eex-i losi onth atsh eth ough tMagee'sj rocesswasfaulty.Th ewi tnessquotedMissIbaaslaying:"Holesarebeingeatenntoth etank andth eaci dwillloonbealloverth efloor."

Esch eatProceedingsTransferredtoU.S.DistyrictCourtAUBURN,CaIif.-HSuperiorCourtJudgeLowellL.Spark sofPlacerbountylastweek transferred es-:h eatproceedingsi ni ti atedbyth ei tateandth edistri ctattorneyofPlacer County against SlengiroKondoandh i sfami lytoth eFeder-aldi stri ctcourti nSacramento.Th e transferwasmadeatth erequestofFloydBorers,attorney'orth eKondos.Itwasnotopposed>yC.E.Tindall,distri ctattorney,mdth eoffi ceofth eattorneygen-j ral.Th eaction,filed i nApri l,1945,wasth efi rstofitsk i nd i nPlacerCounty.Inth e sui tth estate i sleek i ngtoconfiscateagriculturali ropertyownedbyAsterKondo,wnofSengiroKondo,forallegedviolationofth eAlienLandlaw.

Nisei RunnersfromHawai i WillEnterSanFranciscoRunSAN FRANCISCO—Two Niseidi stancerunnersfrom Hawai i areentered i nth e37th annualcross-cityrun i n San Francisco onMarch .23.Th etwostars,wh oarrivedth i sreek fromHonolulutoenterth efa-mousBostonMarath on,areTak eoTak ush i andNormanTamanah a.FelixCastilli anoofHawai i alsowillenterth eSanFranciscoevent.Tak ush i placed i nth e annualJJipseamarath on i nMarinCountylastweek .

Dr.Minami LeavesOnTriptoJapanSANFRANCISCO — Th efi rsttwopersonsofJapaneseancestrytoreceivepermissi ontovisi tJa-panascivi li ansleftonMarch 4onth eGeneralMeigs,i twas re-ported.Th eyareDr.Hirosh i Minami ,psych ologistwh owasformerlyon"facultyofCornellUniversity,rL »»ntaroHavai*i OfBerk eley.yr-Minami wasamongth esci-entistswh oexaminedth eani malsused m th e Bi k i ni atom bombwws.He h asbeenactive i npro-gressivegroups i nNewYork andW8lecturedextensively.

Hawai i ansWillAidDrive

HONOLULU,T.H.—Honolulucivi cleaderspledgedth ei rsup-portofth eJACL-ADCfinancialdri vei nHawai i atadinnerh eldMarch 7atth eMoch i zuk i Tea-h ouse.Inth epictureaboveareSeish i roOk azak i ,directorofth eNi k k oSanatorium;KenzoOga-sawara, newspaperman;Ki h ei

Ik edaandKeisaburoKoda,JA-CL-ADCrepresentatives;CliftonYamamoto,leadingbusinessmanandch ai rmanforth emeeting;JoeGrantMasaok a,Californiaregionalrepresentativeofth eJACL;and Susumu Togasak i ,specialrepresentative'ofth eJA-CL-ADC—Hawai i HeraldPh oto.

Anoth erEvacuationFacesResidentsofFederalTrailerHousingUniti nCalifornia

BURBANK,Calif.—Anoth er"evacuation"faced800 Japa-neseAmericansatth eWi nonatrailercampth i sweek with areportfrom th eNationalHousingAdmini strationth atth etemporarytrailerunitwouldbediscontinuedatth eendofJune.Formostofth eNi sei andIssei atth eoamp,th eforth comi ng

movewi llbeth efourth orfifth forcedmovementsinceth eevac-uationof1942.Itwas i ndi catedth atth eactionwouldbetak enbecauseth e

contractforth epropertyh ousi ngI—th e Wi nonaresidentswillexpireonJune30.Oth erreportsi ndi catedth atth elot,wh i ch h asnearly300trailerson i t,maybeusedbyafactoryth atwasrecentlybuiltuponpropertyadjacenttoth ecamp.Moreth an h alfofth eJapaneseAmericanresidentsofWinonaareNisei orSansei ch i ldrenatendingsch ools i n th e localcommunity.Th euni ti salsosh aredbyascoreofnon-Japaneseveterans'famili es,accordingtoWilli am B.LeHane,h ousi ngmanager.ScottyTsuch i ya,Los Angeles

representatveforth eNationalJA-CL,i sexpectedtoconferwith of-fici alsoverth i slatestaction.Tsuch i yawascreditedwith aid-ii ngth eresettlementprogramofth epresentWinonaresidents i n th espringof1946.Th e Wi nona projectreceivedmuch -publici tyi nMayoflastyearwh en i twasch argedth atth e i n-coming evacuee residents were"dumped"i ntoth eprojectbeforeadequatesanitati onandfeedingfa-cili ti eswerecomplete.Priortobe-i ngh ousedatWinona,th eseresi-dentswere h oused i nemergencyprojects atLomita,Hawth orne,Santa Ana,ElSegundo,SantaMonicaandBurbank .

FinalRitesHeldForBlastVicti mLOS ANGELES—FuneraIritesforAliceIba,21,missi ngsinceFeb.20 i nth eO'ConnorElectroplatingcompanyexplosionandnow pre-sumeddead,wereh eldonMarch20 atth eLosAngelesBuddh i stch urch .

Ch i cagoJACLPlansWelcomeForMini sterfrom HoodRiverCHICAGO_Rev.W.Sh ermanonWS' h °Bemi li tantcruBadeHomfp-ofreturningevacuees i n

"°̂R'ves.Ore.,earned h i m antolri yth -?,CouncilAgainstIn-tôrance,willarrivei nCicagoonfourVW-̂Mrs-Burgoyneforaoutlayvisi tenroutetoNewYork

ao" h lBaward'accordingto

j j *£Tcatlc>nreceivedh erebycSaĝc'r'presidentoftfiebvTR»si "̂le-h andedbattlewaged

andi nBur«oyncagainstastrongretuS°rganizedoppositi ontoth !i ssl evacueesresulted i nth ebiol a nationaloneth eMtHTioô-10Rev-Burgoyne,fi i verT£T̂mblaCh apter(Hoodi n?h LJ£CLinsi stedonpreseut-oreceM**tri PtoNewYorkreceiveth eawardbeinggivenat

abanquetonApril13.Th eawardnamesh i m as"oneofth efi vemeni n th e countryth atcontributedmosttoth eprinci plesofdemoc-

"Th eCh i cago Ch apterwilldoeveryth i ngpossibletomak e th ecouple'svisi ti nterestingandworth -wh i le,"announcedNak agawa.ReverendS.CarlNugentand

GeorgeNish i motoofth e Uni tedMini stery toResettlers of th eCh urch FederationofGreaterCh i -cagoh avewelcomedth eopportun-i tyto cooperatewith th eJACLi narrangingaprogramofh ospi tal-i tytoth ecouple,wh oaremak i nganeasterntri pforth efi rsttime."Wewouldcertainlyli k etoh aveh i mmeetth emembersofth eUnit-edMini strytoResettlersand i fpossible,visi touraffili atedch urch -esandmembersofth ei rcongrega-tions,"statedRev.Nugent.

Seek HousingProjectforEvacueeGroupGLENDALE,Calif.—Th e Glen-dalecitycouncilappeared"luk e-warm"th i sweek toproposalsofth eNationalHousingAdmini stra-tionth ata10-acrecity-ownedtractbesetasideforh ousi ng800evac-ueeresidentsofth eWi nonatrail-ercampwh oface evicti onfromth ei rpresentpremises.Responsibi li tyforth eresettle-mentofth eevacueesbelongstoth eFederalgovernment,onespok es-mandeclared.Itwasalsostatedth atth ecityneedsth eland i nquestionforsometh i ngoth erth anemergencyh ousi ng."Afterall,i twasth eFederalgovernmentwh omovedth eJapa-nesei nth efirstplace,"oneoffi-ci alwasreportedtoh avesai d.Th eNHAproposalwasoutlinedtoth ecouncilonMarch 14byCityManagerCh arlesR.Bairdafteraconferencewith h ousi ngoffici alsi nLosAngeles.Th etractunderquestion i sonWestColoradostreet,Bairdsaid i nh i sreport.Inh i sconferencewithth e.governmentevecutives,Bairdsaidth atth epropertyi s i nvolvedi nli ti gati onth atmaynotbe de-ci dedforsometimeyet.Bairdreportedtoth ecouncilth atNHAoffici alsh adexpressedth ei rwish tolocateth eeyacueeswith i nwalk i ngdistanceofj obsth atmigh tbe.obtained.

CoronerSeek sGISonofManWh oDied i nStock tonSTOCKTON,Calif.— DeputyCoronerWalterCh ampreuxwasth i sweek reportedtobeattempt-i ngtolocateFrank Kuga,Jr.,sonofFrank Kuga,66,wh owasfounddeadofah eartattack i nth eyardof.h i sh omeonMarch 17.YoungKuga i sreportedtobeservingi nth eU.S.Armyi nth eEuropeanth eater.

CaliforniaSenateHasBilltoRevok eIssei Fish i ngBanSACRAMENTO—Abilltoamend

California'swartimelawwh i ch pro-h i bi tsth ei ssuanceofsportsfish i nglicensestoaliensofJapanesean-cestryandoth ers"ineli gi bletocit-i zensh i p"was i ntroducedrceentlybyAssemblymanTh omasM.Erwm,ch ai rmanofth eFish and Gamecommittee.

Hawai i 'sJapaneseAmericansSupportMoveforEqualityInNaturalizati onStatutes

LeadersWillOpenCampaigntoRaise$150,000TowardErasingDiscsi mi nati on;Dr.KometaniCh osenCh ai rmanofNewHawai i anOrganizati onHONOLULU—Acampaigntoraise$150,000i nth eterritory

forth epurposeofaidi nganation-widemovementforequality i nnaturalizati onwasformallylaunch edMarch 7with th eorganiza-ti onofth eCommitteeforEqualityi nNaturalizati on,Hawai i Area,atameetingatth eMoch i zuk i teah ouse,th eHawai i Ti mesreports.With TatsuroMatsuo,ownerofth eteah ouse,ash ost,th ek i ck -

offdinnerandmeetingwassponsoredbyth efourvisi ti ngrepre-sentativesofth eJapaneseAmericanCiti zensLeagueandth eJACLAnti-Di scri mi nati nCommittee,Inc.,wh i ch i sth elegislativeagencyofth eJACL.Pointi ngoutth atth egovernmentrepresented"ameetingofmindsand h eartsforacommoneffort,"JoeGrantMasaok a,regionalrep-resentativeofth eJACLi nNorth -ernCaliforniaandspok esmanfor

th egroup,listedth efollowingfourobjecti vesofth enation-widecam-paign:1.Tosecureequalityi nnatu-

ralizati on.2.To gainoth erlegislationwh i ch willextendtoallanequalconsiderationbeforeth elaw.3.Todisseminatei nformationforth eattainmentofsuch legis-lation.4.Toraisefundsforth ereal-i zati onofth eseobjecti ves.Dr.Katsumi Kometani,localden-ti standWorldWarIIveteranwh oservedwith th e100th Infantrybat-talioni nEurope,wasch osen asch ai rman; Seinosuk e Tsuk i yama,localbusinessman,astreasurer,andSusumuTogasak i ,aspecialrepre-sentativeofth eJACL,secretary.Th eth reemenwereauth ori zed

toappointadditi onalmemberstoth esteeringcommitteesoth atth efinancialdrivemigh tbestartedi m-mediately.Followingmusicalnumbersbyth e

CampSh elbySerenaders,th emeet-i ngwascalledtoorderbyCliftonH.Yamamoto,wh oactedasmasterofceremonies.Togasak i th en i n-troducedth emembersofth evi si t-i ngpartyi ncludingth reeoth ermenbesides h i mself,KeisaburoKodaandKi h ei Ik eda,representingJA-CL Anti-Di scri mi nati onCommit-tee,Inc.,andMasaok a,wh onextspok e."Th i si san h i stori coccasion,"

Maisaok a sai d."Forth efi rsttimei nth eh i storyofth epeopleofJapaneseancestry i nAmeri-ca wearepointi ng h andsandh eartsi nacommonefforttoob-tai nciti zensh i pforourparents."Statingth ati twasanopportunetimetosecuresuch alegislationandth at"wecannotaffordtoallowsuch agoldenopportunityto,goby,"Masaok astressedth efactth atwh enyouremove*"ineli gi bi li tytociti zensh i p"youremoveth elegalbasisforsubordinatetreatment.Remindi ng h i s listeners th at

manyAJAspaidth esupremesac-rifi cetodefenddemocracy,Masao-k asaid,"Asolemnobligati onex-i stsforustotransmuteth ei rsac-rifi cesi ntoth esameequallegalstatusasexistsforoth ers."Heendedh i spleabydeclaringth atth eJapaneseAmericanssh ouldbe"equaltoeveryoneandsubor-dinatetonone."Th enextspeak erwasIk edaofth evisi ti nggroup,wh oexplainedth ei rmi ssi oni nJapanese.Oth erswh owere called upon

tospeak i ncludedDr.K.C.Lee-brick ,professorofgovernmentatth eUniversityofHawai i ;Dr.MmHi Li,wh ospearh eadedth edriveforth eCh i nesenaturalizati onbill;Joh n G.Young,formerYMCAsecretaryh erewh o i sleavingsoonforKyoto,Japan,wh ereh ewillh eadth ereligi ouseducationworkatDosh i sh a university,lOurtisOtani,th eRev.HarryS.Komuro,Taich i Sato,Sh i geoSoga,Tok uj iOnodera,Dr.HarryI.Kurisak i ,Tak ao Yamauch i ,RobertTaira,Dr.ErnestMurai,Masatosh i Kata-giri ,Seish i ro Ok azak i and Dr.Kometani.

Ask Citi zensh i pForParentsofSoldierGroupSenatorTsuk i yamaSponsorsResolutionInHawai i anSenateHONOLULU—A j oi ntresolutionask i ng'Congressto extend th erigh tofnaturalizati ontoallper-sonswh osesonsordaugh tersserv-edh onorablyi nanybranch o,fth earmedforcesduringWorldWarIIpassed secondreading i nth eTerritori alSenaterecently.Th eresolutionwasi ntroducedby

Sen."Wilfred 'C.Tsuk i yama,R.,Honolulu,andspecifi esth atpar-ents affected must"h ave notth emselvesbeen disloyaltoth eUni tedStatesandwh o,exceptforrace and nationality,compliedwi th th enaturalizati onlaws."Parentsofth e12,000Hawai i ansoldiersofJapaneseancestryandseveralh undredKoreanAmericanGlsarenoteligi blefornaturaliza-ti onunderth epresetnlaws.Th eresolutionassertsth at"th ei nj usti ceofdenyingtosuch per-sonsth eprivi legeofciti zensh i p,wh i ch th eyh aveearnedbyth ede-voti onwh i ch th eyandth ei rch i l-drenh avedisplayedforth eUnit-ed States, becomes constantlymoreapparent."

AbeHagiwaraNamedPresidentofJACLClevelandCh apterCLEVELAND,O.— AbeHagi-warawaselectedpresidentofth e

ClevelandJACL's1947cabinetatameetingh eldFeb.21.Oth eroffici alswillbeTomi Ish i -

zuk a,vice-president;Mitsue En-dow, recording secretary;KiyoSato,correspondingsecretary;TakToyota,treasurer;JustinMatsuda,h i stori an;JoeNak ai andMasFu-j i moto,members-at-large;andMargareth eBorge,correspondent.Th ech apterwi llh oldasocialonMarch 22as>aclimaxtoi tsmem-bersh i p drive.Ch ai rman ofth edri vei sGeorgeCh i da,with SumiMatsush i geand Tak Toyota asteamcaptains.Th eClevelandch apterrecentlyi nsti tutedastreamlinedorganiza-tionalprogram,elimi nati ngsixcommitteesandsubstituti ngth reework i ngcommitteesunderFrankSh i ba,program;Geor,ge Ch i da,membersh i p;andJoeNak ai ,spe-ci alcommittee.JoeNak ai ,HayaUeh araandJus-tinMatsudawerenamedto h eadADCwork i nCleveland.

Nisei GirlServesWith WACOnAssignmenti nAustriaVIENNA,Austria—ANisei girlfrom Bellevue,Wash .,,aWACbuck sergeant,i sch i efclerk ofth eofficer'ssecti i onofth eadjutantgeneral'sofficei nh eadquartersforAmericanforces i nAustria.Mary "Vamagiwatold PalmerHoytJr.ofth eDenverPosth ererecentlyth atsh e li k ed Austriaandsh eli k edth eArmy.Mary,wh oj oi nedth eArmyaft-erbeingevacuatedfrom h erh ometoth eTuleLak erelocation cen-ter,saidsh e i squiteh appytobei nth earmybecausesh e i sseeingEuropeandbecausesh eh asalotoffriends."Ih aven'trun i ntoanytrouble

becauseofmyracesinceIjoi nedth eWACs,"sh esai d."Itdoesn'tmak eanydi fferencei nth earmy."Marysaidsh eserved i nmany,Armypostsi nth eUnitedStatesbeforesh efi nallygotoverseas i nJune,1946.Sh edoesn'tth i nk sh ewillever

goback toth eWestCoasttolivebecauseth erei s"toomuch prej-udiceagainstth eJapanese"andsh edoesn'tth i nk th i swillch ange.Hermoth err.ow i s residi ng i nCh i cagoandprobablyfillremainth ere.Marysaidsh e j oi nedth earmyforoneofth ebestreasonsofall—tosh owh erpatrioti smandloyal-tytoAmerica.

PACIFICCITIZEN■Saturday,March 22,1947 3

EDITORIALS:ElmerR.Smith :Back groundforSeattleRecentdisturbancescausebyconflictsit-

uationsbetween SeattleNisei andHawai iNi sei stationed atFortLewis,Wash .,andgivenwideci rculation i n somenewspapersarenotofrecentorigi n.Astateoftensionh aabeenpresentsinceth efi rstgroupofHawai i anNi sei movedi ntoth earea.Ayearagoanumberofpersonalconflicts

developedbetweenvariousi ndi vi dualsi nbothgroups.Infairnesstoboth sides,h owever,i tmustbeemph asi zedth atth emaj ori ty—andbyfarth egreatestmajori ty—ofboth groupsdonotcauseth ediffi culty.Frompersonalex-periencescoveringasix-month periodIcanstatedefini telyth attocondemn allofth eHawai i anNi sei orallth eSeattleNisei i stomissth epointofconflictentirely.Ith asal-waysbeen,andstilli s,averyfewmembersi nonegroupwh osti mulatetrouble,andfourorfivemembersofth eoth erwh ofollowth roughand,byenlisti ngth eai dofafewoth ers,con-tinuetocarryoutdiscri mi natory polici esagainstth eoth ers.Astatementquotedfrom aSeattleNisei

andreleasedtoth enewspapersaysth at"Th eseguysfrom th ei slandsmusth avecomefromHell'sKitch en.Th eydon'tk nowwh ati tmeanstoactli k egoodAmericans.Th eycrash ourdances,th eybeatusuponth estreetswh enth eoddsaresixtoonei nth ei rfavor,andfurth ermore,nogirlissafearoundth em."Such astatementi sobvi ouslyunfairandfartoobroadtobemadeunderth eci rcumstances.From acquaintancewith alargenumberofth eNi sei from Hawai i stati onedatFt.Lewis,Ifeelsafei nsayi ngth atth egreatestmajor-i tyofth eseyoungmenareastrustworth y,clean,moralandasgoodAmericansasonewouldwish tofindanywh ere.Iamalsosureth atth emajori tyofSeattleNisei donotfeeltowardth egreatmajori tyofNisei Hawai i ansasth i sspok esmanorth enewspaperswouldh aveusebelieve.Th efactorsmak i ngth epresentconflict

i nth eSeattle-Ft.Lewisareaaretobefoundi nth efollowingsituations:1. Noadequaterecreationalfacili ti esare

orh avebeenmadeavailableforth euseofth elargenumberofHawai i anNi sei i neith erSeattleorTacoma.Th e.soldiersareth usforcedtofindth ei rrecreationwh ereth eycanandwh enth eycan.2. Atdancesandoth ersocialaffairsgiven

bylocalNisei groups,th emenoutnumberth ewomen,th uscreatingdefini tecompetiti vefea-turesonth epartofboth groups.Th i si ses-peciallytruewh enlocalNi sei bri ngth ei rowndatesandfi ndth emtak enawaybyth esol-di ersfrom Ft.Lewis.3.-Personalconflictsi tuations h avede-

velopedonth epartofcertainHawai i anNi seiandlocalNisei .Th i sbecomesassociatedwithth ecompetiti vefeaturesfoundatdancesandoth ersocialaffairs,andasth esesi tuationscontinuetoexist,th etensionsi tuationstendtosnowballandbecomelargerandmorepro-nounced.Th i s i sespeciallytruesinceth esesi tuationsh aveh adayeartodevelop.4.Th erearecertain"cock y"boysfound

amongth eHawai i angroupaswellasamongth elocalNisei ,andwh enth esetypesofper-sonalityclash ,tensionsi tuationsarise.5. Offici alsatFt.Lewispromisedayear

agowh enth econflictandtensionsi tuationsfi rstappeared,th atth eywouldtak eth enec-essarystepstoremedyth esituation,butevi-dentlyth i sh asnotbeendoneatth i swri ti ng.Itsh ouldbeborni nmindth attogeneral-

i zeandlayth eblameequallyonallth eHa-wai i Ni sei oruponth eSeattlegroupistodoexactlywh atoth ersh avedonetoth egroupsconcernedunderdi fferentcircumstances.Indivi dualsmustbetak enforwh atth ey

areandwh atth eystandforandsh ouldnotbeconfusedwith asetmentalpictureofwh atweth i nk th eyareorough ttobe.

ByElmerR.Smith .

PriceofSegregationTogoW.Tanak a:

Itapparentlyi snolongereven aLittleTok yo-Bronzvillesecretth atth ecommunity

problemofi ncreasingcrimeh assplitth epeo-pleofth i sLosAngelesareaalongracialli nes.Oneofth ei ssuesgeneratingallegedfric-

ti onrevolvesaroundth erecentemploymentoftwoJapaneseAmericanex-Glsasspecialpatrolmentocoverth eLi ttleTok yo-Bronze-vi llebeat.Th epatrol,auth ori zedbyth eLosAngeles

Policedepartment,i spai dforbyth eJapaneseAmericanBusinessmen'sAssocation,accordingtoboth th eLosAngelesTimesandth eRafuSh i mpo.NegroAmericansofth ecommunitydisap-

proveofth eaction;someofth emwouldfeelbetteri fth especialpatrolwereacombinati onofJapaneseAmericanandNegroAmerican.Oth ersfeelth atth eLosAngelesPolicede-partmentsh ouldprovideadequateprotection.Th eJapaneseAmericanbusinessmenare

reportedtoh avei nsti tutedth ei rpatrolaftermonth sofsluggingsand h oldupsi nacrimewavewh i ch th eyclaim wasch aracterizedbyNegro h oodlums i nti mi dati ngandrobbingJapanesevicti ms.Th eLosAngelesPolicedepartment,already

with avestedi nteresti n h avi ngauth ori zedth epatrolatnoexpensetoi tself,tendstosup-portth epositi onofth e-JapaneseAmericanbusinessmen'sgroupth atth especialpatrolisboth necessaryand j usti fi ed.NegroAmericancommunityleaders,ac-

cordingtoth ereports,h avebeenleftsligh tlycoldbyth eapproach ofth eJapaneseAmericanbusinessmen i ntryingtosolve th eproblemofcrimeasaracialproblem—rath erth anasacommunityproblem.Th ei rpointofviewandfeelingsi nLittle

Tok yoi sasraciallych auvi ni sti cassomeofi twasbeforeth ewar.Th i si sth etypeofleadersh i pth atexploits

th epotentiali ti esi nallofusfordistrustingpeopleofdifferentracialch aracteristi cs.Th i si sth eleadersh i pth atstirsupth eemotionsofIssei,Nisei andKi bei i nLosAngelesby i n-sistentreferencestocrimi nalsas"Negro"orcolored personswith outrecogniti onofth etruth th atcolorisonlyi nci dentaltoth efactth atcrimei salwaysh i gh i nrun-downover-crowded,near-slum areasofsegregationsuchasLittleTok yo-Bronzeville.Ifth eCouncilforCivi cUni tyi nLosAn-

gelescancreateth ek i ndo?th i nk i ngamongLittleTok yobusinessmenth atwillmoveth emtodrawi ntoth ei rci rcleallth osewh oli veanddobusinessi nth earea,andth atwillencourageLittleTok yobusinessmentoavoidconfini ngth emselvestoraciallyexclusiveorganizati onsandactivi ti es,i twi llh aveplantedaseedth atmayyetbearh opefulresults.Butwemigh talsoadmitatth eoutsetth at

toch anceth eth i nk i ngofth ech ampi onsofth esegregatedwayoflifeisarealch allengetopatienceandth atconversionwillcomeonlybyexample.Th ewh i teAmericancommunitywillh avetoleadth ewaybyoutlawingracerestricti ve h ousi ngcovenants.Inth ei nteri m,i twouldseemtous,i fth e

reportsofth eLosAngelesTimesand th eRafuSh i mpoarecorrect,th eJapaneseAmer-i canBusinessmen'sAssociati onofLosAngelesenjoysauniqueplacei nth erecords.Itspatrolh ascutdownth eLi ttleTok yo-

Bronzevillecrimewave—toth eapparentsat-i sfactionoflocalJapanese.Butth erei sli ttleevidenceth ati tslead-

ersareconcernedaboutth erealreasonwh yth ei rbusinessdi stri ctsuffersah i gh ercrimerate,causingth em todish outofth ei rownpock etsforapoliceprotectionth eypayfori ntaxesbutobviouslydonotget.Th erealsoseemslittleawarenessonth ei r

partth atth eyh avebeenunwitti nglymaneuv-eredbymembersofth emajori tygrouptotak ei ssuewith membersofaminori tygroupwithwh i ch th eyh avemuch morei ncommonandwith wh osewelfareth ei rown i smore i mme-di atelylink ed. ,Th ecostofcrimecomes h i gh i nth eracial-

lysegregatedbusinessandresidentialgh ettosofAmerica.Itscostfallsonall,buti tseemsalwaysto

stri k emostdirectlyandh ardestatth osewh oareth evi cti msofsegregation.Yeti tseemsch aracteristi cofsuch victi ms,

i nth ei runderstandablezealtomeetan im-mediatesituation,nevertoquestfonth eevi lofinvoluntaryracialsegregationItself—TogoW.Tanak ai n"Editori alsofth eTimes,"fromth eColoradoTimesofMarch IS.

nisei USAbyLARRYTAJIRIKotonk sandBuddh ah eadsTwoweek sago i nHonoluluameetingofJapaneseAmericanandoth erleadersofth eHawai i ancom-munitywith fourrepresentativesofth eNationalJACLandth e

JACL'sAnti-Di scri mi nati on,Com-mitteepledgedtoraiseafundof$150,000toassistth eJACL-AIX, scampaigntoobtainnaturalizati onrigh tsforth eparentsofth ei 26,--000Nisei wh oservedi nth eU.a.Army i nWorldWarIIandforoth erlegallyresidentaliensnowconsidered "ineli gi bleto citi zen-sh i p"andtoeraseoth erlegislativerestricti ons againstpersons ofJapanesedescentonth ebasisofracialancestry.LastSaturdaynigh ti nSeattle,accordingtoth ereportsofth eAssociated Press,aNisei dancewasclosedbypolicebecauseofath reatenedaltercationbetweenSe-attleNisei warveteransandJapa-neseAmericansoldiersfrom Ha-wai i wh oarenow i ntraini ngatFortLewis,Wash .Th esetwo i nci dents,th emeet-i ngi nHonoluluandth ereportedtroublebetweenGlsandex-Glsatadance i nSeattle,representtwofacetsi nth erelationsh i psofAmer-i cansofJapaneseancestryi nHa-wai i andonth emai nland.Th efirstisi ndi cati veofth ewideni ngcom-munityofmutuali nterestbetweenth e two groups,a relationsh i plargelyengenderedbyacommonexperienceduringth ewar. Th esecond represents a temporaryflareupoftensionwh i ch h asbeenexpressed i nantagonismbetweenHawai i anGlsofJapaneseances-tryandNisei veteransresidi ng i nSeattle,butwh i ch h asbeenmo-tivatedbyconditi onsoutsideofth eJapaneseAmericangroup.Reportsofth eSeattle i nci dentundoubtedly h ave received wi decirculationi nHawai i andmayre-sulti nunfortunateramifi cati onsunlessth efactsarek eptwith i nth ei rproperperspective.Th e Se-attlesituationrevolvesaroundth erecreationalproblemsofseveralh undredrecruitsfromHawai i wh oh ave been i n traini ngatFortLewis.Particularlyinviewofth eracialmoresofth eWestCoast,mostofth esesoldiersh avesough tsocialrelationsh i ps i n Seattle'ssmallJapaneseAmericancommun-i tywh i ch h asbeenonlyrecentlyreconstitutedwith th ereturnofth eevacueesandapparently h asbeenunabletocopewith th erec-reationalneedsofalargenumberofNisei troops.Aspok esmanofth eNi sei Veter-

ansCommitteeofSeattlei squot-edbyanewsagencyasdeclaringth atth esoldiersfromFortLewis"forcedth ei rwayintodancesandoth ersocialactivi ti essponsoredbyth eveteransandfrequentlycausedtrouble."Th esoldiersonth eoth erh andcan declareth atth ey h adnowh ereelsetogo.Th esituation,i nalimi tedsenseofcourse,i snotunli k eth atwh i ch arose i nHawai iduringth ewarandafterwards i nwh i ch th erewereclash esbetweencivi li anand servicemen largelybecause some young Hawai i ansth ough tth esoldiersandsailorsstationedi nHawai i were"tak i ngth ei rgirlsaway."Th eSeattlesituation i srepre-

sentative ofwartimeconditi onsrath erth anofanyi nh erentantag-onismbetweenAmericansofJapa-nese ancestryfrom Hawai i andth emainland.Someresponsibi li tyforth eSeattbsituationmustbeplacedonmili tarypolicyandth econcentration,onabasisreflect-i ngsegregationon aregionali fnotaracialbasis,ofalargenum-berofsoldiersfrom Hawai i i nth eSecondInfantrydivi si onatFortLewis.Th esamesituationundoubt-edlywouldh avearisenanywh ereelseonth ePacifi ccoasti falargenumberofNisei soldierswerecon-centratedi nanysingleunitwith -outprovisi onsforrecreationalop-portunity.Atth ePresidi oofMon-tereywh ereth emili tary i ntelli-gence service h astrained 1,000Nisei soldiersatatime,effortsweremadetofindrecreationalout-letsforth eGlsth rough th eUSOandth rough cooperatinggroupsi nth eSanFranciscoBayarea.AndrewW.Lind,i nh i ssplendid

book ,"Hawai i 'sJapanese,"notesth atmanyIslandNisei h avere-ferredtomainlandJapaneseAmer-i cansas "k otonk s,"asomewh atdi sdai nfultermwh i ch i ssupposedtosuggestth esoundof"anemptybarrelfallingtoth eground."In

returnsomemainlandergcalledtkIslanders"Buddh ah eads."Th e&terms,popularizedtoaneitentki n-grouprelationsh i psduring*war,now representa h umorarath erth ana derogatory«£ence.Dr,Lind notesth atabarriof"distrustandresentment"ti stedbetweenmainlandandIslaiNi sei ata timewh en menboth groupswerebeingtrainedth e442ndCombatTeam."AbriefperiodofbattleJ

periencetogeth erwasusuallydfici enttobreak downth i sbarrier!Dr.Landdeclares."T,h eAJAsfoJHawai i developednotonlyanulpreciati onforth eh umanqualiflofth ei rbroth ers i narmsbut9asenseofth ei rcommonpe3timeproblems."Dr.LandquotesaHawai i IfJsoldieri n"Hawai i 'sJapanese":|"Ourpartici pati oni nbattleMgeth erh asbrough tusclosertgeth er...We h avefoundthth eMainlandJapaneseAmeliai s j ustasgoodafigh terasith ath e i sj ustaswilli ngtonh i sli fetosaveoursasanyofiMainlandbuddies;th atweareiofth esamemoldandth atibasicproblemsatth trootsncomparable...."Ih avefinallybeguntoappttl

ciate th eterriblewoundscanalbyth eevacuationofth ei rk nflfrom th ePacifi ccoast; «Mwh i lewespsak ofreturningh oslafterth i s\va- totak eupagnth eth readsoflifewh ereweleioff,manyofth em with tearsith ei reyes h ave saidth attit)h avenoh ometoreturntoeicqlth e wire-enclosedrelocationwters;th atth ey h avenoth i ngItlook forward toexceptanmgreaterfigh tth anth atwh i ch th qareundergoingi nItaly—towth ei rbattleat.h omeagainst!race-baitersandprofessionalptri ots....Myh ati soffto4JapaneseAmericanvolunteerfnth emainland;andIk nowftmostofusfromHawai i nowlderstandth eterrifi ch urdleswh ith eyh adtoovercometoyoluntatotigh tforacountrywh i ch seai nglyh addesertedth em i ntbslh ourofgreatestneed."A basic,difference i nenviM|mentandattitudeh ascontribmltowh ateverpastmisunderstandinth eremayh avebeenbetweenmaillandandHawai i anNisei .Th epalsonalityofth eWestCoastNil]h asbeenmoldedbyvariouspmsuresanddiscri mi nati onsan

SL̂SS?1 Proble"wh i ch th eyKto.F*.1?"*!*"!Nisei .Th oseSSjrobleinswi»exirtsolongfacesf̂ JapaneseancestryofLi lsacnmVnatin on th ebasisedSteU CTeWith i n*cUnit"

VagariesBowlers...

|rawai i i ssendingseveralteams■h TAmericanBowlingCongressrnamenti nLosAngelesi nAprilth eteamswillnotberepresen-veofth eterritory'sk eglers.,reason i sth atmanyofHa-i 'sbowlers,wh oareofJapanese[Ch i neseancestry,were i nform-th atth ei rentriescouldnotberatedforth eABC classic i ni Aentriesarelimi tedto"Cau-ans" "■ Incidentally,forth ettimesi nce 1943,Utah Ni seirierstook parti natournamentductedunderABCregulationsen sixrepresentatives ofth etLak eNi sei leagueenteredth ernamenti nPrice,Utah onMar.Competingagainstth ebestofstate'sbowlers,Mak i Kaizumicedi nth emoneybyti ei ngforspotwith an1103series.

Jock ey...TommyKanesh i ro,Hawai i 'stopck eywh owillmak eh i smainlandcinedebutduringth eTanforanason.h asn'tacceptedanymountsvet...Th eRev.IsraelYostof■nnsylvania,ch aplainofth efam-

'100th Infantry,th ePurpleHearti ttali on,willvisi th i sNisei ex-GIi endsi nHawai i i nSeptejnber...'h e Spoilage,"th estoryofth elieLak esegregationcenterayoroth yTh omasandRich ardNish -wto,i snowondisplayasoneofi e"FiftyBook softh eYear"i ni eannualexh i bi ti onsponsoredbyi eAmericanInstituteofGraph i crts.Th eselectionofth eFiftyook s i smadeonth ebasisofde-gnandexecutionrath erth anoni ntent."Th eSpoi lage"waspub-sh edbyth eUniversityofCali->rniaPressunderth esupervisi onAmadeoTommasini anaSamuel,Farquh ar.Th e j ack etdrawingbyCh i uraObataofth eUniver-tyofCaliforniaartfaculty.

*""Redcaps...Seattleianotth eonlyU.S.cityi th "redcaps"ofJapaneseances-ry.Portlandalso h asIssei "red-i ps"andF.NomuraandIt.Maedaayebeenatth eRosecity'sUnion;ationfrom 1914untilth eti meofleevacuationi n1942.Mr.Maedarasth efi rstIssei toreturntoh i sId j obandwasabletodosobe-auseofth ei nterestofth eI'ort-indWRAstaff.Hedidnotloseh i seniori tyandnow h asth elongestervicerecordofany"redcap"ath ePortlandstation.Th ereturnofssei toth ei rj obsi nSeattlewasladepossiblebecauseofth epre-edentsetbyth ePortlandWRAi nh ecaseofMr.Maeda.

** *

Saber-Rattler...DefensecounselforGen.SanaoArak i ,formerwarmini steroffapan,i spresentingth eoldsaber-■attler,nowfacingwarcrimi nalbarges,as anardentch ampi oni fth eloyaltyofNisei to th eJnitedStates.NewsreportsfromTok yolastweek declaredth atGorowamatsu,formerlyArak i 'spri-ratesecretary,h adtestifi edth atwak i oncetoldagroupofJapa-i ese Americansth atsh ould wari ri sebetweenJapanandth eUnit-i d Statesth efirstdutyofth e

SalinasValleyJACLCompletesMembersh i pDriveSALINAS,Calif.—Signi ngup84

ofth e86eligi bleNisei i nth earea,th eSalinasValleych apterofth eJACL announced th e successfulcompletion ofth ei rmembersh i pdriveth i sweek .HarrySh i rach i servedasgener-

alch ai rmanofth emembersh i pcampaign,wh i leth efollowingalsowereactive i nth edrive;JamesIch i k awa,HarryandRoySak ase-gawa,Dr.HarryKita,TonyItani.Lloyd Urabe, JamesAbe,SiOSh i ratsuk i andJamesTanada.Itwasannouncedth atth e Sa-linasValleych apterwi llh elpor-ganizea j uni orciti zensleagueformembersofth eyoungergroupwh oarenotnoweligi bleforpartici pa-tion i nJACLwork .Th i s j uni orgroup,wh i ch i ti sh opedwillpro-vi defutureleadersh i pforth eJA-CL,willbecloselyaffili atedwithth eSalinasch apter.LloydUrabewasappointedas

advisorofth eyouth group.JamesAbewasreelectedpresi-dentofth eSalinasValleych apter.Oth ernew cabinetmembersare:Sid Sh i ratsuk i ,vice-pres.;HarrySh i rach i ,vice-pres.;MarianneMa-sui,sec;TonyItani,treas.;LloydUrabe,soc.ch m.;andHarryTana-da,ADCch ai rman.Dr.HarryKitawasreappointedadviser.

EngagedSACRAMENTO,Calif.— Th e

names"GeorgeandYuri"h i ddeni nJapanesefortuneteacak esre-vealedth e engagementofMissYuri Matsuo,eldestdaugh terofMr.andMrs.Asaj i roMatsuoofSacramento,toMr.GeorgeYamadaofCh i cagoatapartyatth eMatsuoh omelastFriday.Guestswereth eMissesCh i zuk oYamada,Miyo Hironak a,Tayek oHironak a,DollyFuj i mi tsu,Relk oAbe,YayeTanak a,Ch i zTateish i ,NancyMatsui,Louise andLoisNak ash i ma,Yosh i k oKobata,DottyNak i sh i ma,AliceUrak awa,Yuk iNak ayama,Sh i zandHarumi Ma-tsueda,Yosh i k oandAsak oMatsuo'and th eMesdamesSh i gek oOk i ,Ruli Ish i h araandFumi Matsuo.

EngagementSTOCKTON,Calif.— Th e en-gagementofMissRuth Mak i sh i maofStock ton,daugh terofMrs.S.Mak i sh i ma,toMr.TomTaniguch i ,sonofMr.andMrs.Y.Taniguch iofSanger,wasannouncedlastSat-urdayataformaldinnerattendedbyclosefriends.

RacismandLandLawsByElinorR.Smith

Th eh i storyofracism i nAmerica'from i tsvery

i nceptionduringth eti meofslaverysh owsaverydefini tetingeofeconomicdi scri mi nati on.Asamatteroffact,aclosestudyofth etotalpictureofracialdi scri mi nati onandsegregationi nth eUni t-edStateswillrevealh ow i mportantvestedeconomici nterestswereth enandh avesincebecomeentrench -edaroundth ewh oleproblem.Th eali enlandlawsofseveralstatesarecloselyassociatedwith andre-sultfrom th i stypeofeconomic di scri mi nati on.Th ereare,h owever,defini tesectionaldifferencesrevealingvarioustypesofracialdiscri mi nati ons.Th eseareapparentwh enonestudiesth ealienlandlawsofth erespectivestatesalongth ePacifi cCoastandth eneigh bori ngstates.Mainlyth i sdifferencerests i nth efactth ati nth eWestbutone groupwaspick edoutforsuch di scri mi nati on i nterms,oflandownersh i p,namelyth eOriental,with specialemph asi splaceduponpersonsofJapaneseancestry.Th estatesh oldi ngouri nteresti nth i spresentationwi llbeparticularlyCalifornia,NewMexico,Oregon,Wash i ngton,Utah ,WyomingandArk ansas.Th eali enlandlawsofth esestateswereaimed,

aswillbesh own,specifi callyatpersonsofJapa-neseancestry;someofth elawswerepassedduringth eperiodofWorldWar11.Th ebasicprinci plesofth eali enlandlaws(es-

peciallyth atofCalifornia,th earch etypeforalloth ersuch laws)consistofth efollowingprinci ples:1).Allalienseligi bletociti zensh i punderth e

lawsofth eUni tedStatesmayacquire,possess,enjoy,use,cultivate,occupy,transfer,transmitandi nh eri trealproperty,oranyinterestth erei nandh ave,i nwh oleori npart,th ebenefici aluseth ereof,i nth esamemannerandtoth esameextentasciti -zensofth eUnitedStates.2).Th erigh ttomak ecroppingcontractsare

proh i bi ted(particularlyi nCalifornia).3).Noalien i neli gi bleforciti zensh i pandno

company,associati on,orcorporationmaybe ap-pointedguardianofth atportionofth eestateofaminorwh i ch consistsofpropertywh i ch such ali eni si nh i bi tedfromacquiri ng,possessing,enjoyi ng,using,cultivati ng,occupying,transferring,transmitti ng,ori nh eri ti ng.4).Restricti onsandlimi tati onsareplacedon

corporationsth atapplytoi ndi vi duals.5). Anyrealpropertyh ereafteracquiredi nfee

i nviolationofth eprovisi onofth i sactbyanyalienmentioned i nsectionsofth eali enlandlawsh allesch eattoandbecomeandremainth epropertyofth estate."Th eobviouslyi nh erentracism—i .c.th eph i loEO-ph yorbeliefwh i ch tendstostress th ereal,oralleged,featuresofraceandracialgroups,andsup-portsth euseofth emasgroundsforgroupandinter-groupaction—i nth eali enlandlawscanbeunder-stoodbybrieflytracingth eanti-Ori ental(andes-peciallyanti-Japanese)agitati on i nCaliforniaandi tsneigh bori ngstatestoth enorth —OregonandWash i ngton.Th epeopleofth ePacifi cCoastarea,especiallyCalifornia,h avebeench aracterizedforatleastth ree-quartersofacenturywith disti nctcolorprejudi ces.Asamatteroffact,i ti ssafetosayth atth e"wh i tepopulation"ofth eregionh as i nh eri tedadisti nctcolorprejudi cefrom th eearliersettlerswh ofoundth eterritorysettledby"coloredpersons"ofIndianandMexicanancestry,andwh oalsobrough twith th emadefini tesetofmoresfromth esouth ernpartofth eUnitedStatesrelativetoallnon-wh i tes.Th i s"colorprejudi ce"back groundbecameassociatedwith andreinforcedbyth eexperiencesof"coolie"laborfrom th eOrient,andwh enanygroupoth erth anth ei rown"wh i te"aristocracycame i ntodi rectcompetiti onwi th th ei reconomicempire,bi gotry,i ntoleranceanddiscri mi n-ati on i nsocial,legal,andeconomicfieldswerere-sortedtoforth epurposeofh oldi ngth enon-wh i tegroupi ni tsplace.Th i sparticulartypeofdiscri m-i nati onbecameespeciallyoutstandingwh enappliedtopersonsofJapaneseancestry.Th epersonsofJapaneseancestrywereth efirst

groupofOrientalsseriouslytoch allengeth e"coolielabor"complexofth ePacifi cCoast.True,th eearlyarrivalsfromJapanandHawai i wereofth emeniallaboringclass,butth eJapanesesh owedmore i ni -tiati veandi ndependenceth anoth ergroups,andth eyweresoonwork i ngforth emselvesorbyandth roughorganizati onsofth ei rowndemandingmorelegiti -matepayforth ei rtypeoflabor.Th eSanFranciscoCHRONICLE i na1905editori alsummedupth i ssituationwith th eStatement."Th eCh i nesearefaith -fullaborersanddonotbuyland.Th eJapaneseareunfaith fullaborersanddobuyland."Th i stypeofattitudeisstillprevalenti nvariouspartsofth ecoastalarea.Inth ewinterof1945acountycom-missi onerofYak i macounty,Wash i ngtonstated:"Th enegativereactionagainstth ereturnofJapa-nese i snotjustemotional.Iti sabasiceconomicproblem.Th eJapanesecame i naslaborers,butth eyweren'tcontenttoremainassuch .Th eyleased

farms,savedmoney,andarenow ableto Bandoutsellth ewh i tes...Th eygaincoMlIland.Th eMexicansareth ebestlaborer,i ll■tallMexican h elp,andIh aveneverh i red118don'tintendto!Th eMexicansarecontentrJliandnottrytooutdoth ewh i teman.Th eh UM■j ustth eopposite." "HTh eoppositi ontopersonsofJapanesean»J

wasnotonlyfound i nth elandedaristocracy«XPacifi cCoast,butalsoamongvariouslabor«!JTh i ssource ofdiscri mi nati onandprejudi eTll■foundeduponanalreadyexisti ngunfavorable\Motypeofth eOrientalasa"coolie"wh owork Slesspayth anawh i teperson,anduponth esh alli nganti-Ori entaltraditi onofth eCoastbuiltut mmanyyearsofexperienceswith anddiscri mi tuSagainstCh i nese,Hi ndus,Koreans,Fili pi nosajJasth eIndianand/orMexican i nfi ltrations9south ofth eborder.Th i s psych ologicalcon9neededtobebutprimedbysomeself-interestnJtobecomeadominantforce i nPacifi cCoastlFarWesternpoliti cal,economic,andsocialth oSandaction,andth eJapaneseservedth i spgSwell,■especiallysince,asCareyMcWilli aasßsh own,th e i nternationalscenerelativetoJwasripeforsuch scapegoatingandprejudi cedxMInordertoseeth eforcesatwork wh i ch !

cifi callydiscri mi nateagainstpersonsof.Tajancestryalongth ePacifi cCoastandfinally3culminate i nth epassingofalienlandlaws,3reviewsomeofth especifi cstatementsandor«Jtionswh oseavowedpurposewaswork i ngtoilth eultimateendandcompleteextincti onofJapiScompetiti on.OnApril18,1900,th eWesternCentralw

Union i nSeattle h eldameetingpick i ngoi i tlcriti ci sm th eJapaneseandth eexpressionofi flJapanesesentiments.Soonafterth i smeeting*SanFranciscoLaborCouncilsponsoredamedflforth edefini tepurposeofstimulatingant'jSnese feelings.Th eeminentsociologistDr.£hRosswasth eprinci palspeak er,andh eenumenflandexpoundedth estock -i n-tradeargumentsttflh adbeen developedagainstallOrientalsontflCoast,butth i sti meh eslantedth emtoapplyi mtopersonsofJapaneseancestry.Th eSANFRANCISCOCHRONICLE i nFttul

ary,1905,conducted averyvigorouseanroi jagainstth eJapaneseasth e"li ttleyellowman,uHth e"treach erous,sneak i ng,i nsi di ous,betrayingoflperfidi ousnatureandch aracteristi csofth eMoodlanrace"asawh olewereplayedtoth elimi tAHfollowingyear(1906)th erearerecordednununflassaultsmadeuponJapanese,th ei rstoresi nvi i flburglarized,anddestroyed.Duringth i sti mevariousanti-Japaneseorgan!

tionssprangupth rough outth ePacifi cCoaststaMespeciallyi nCalifornia.Afewofth eseweretflAsiati cExclusionLeague,th eAnti-JapaneselaMdryLeague,th eNativeSonsofth eGoldenWandvariouslaborgroupsi ncludingth eCentralliflCouncilofSeattle.Iti si nterestingforth esak eHth erecordtonoteth atth eCentralLaborCoundlflSeattlesponsoredi nFebruary,1908,th efi rsti i ttßnationalconventionofth eAsiati cExclusion hofNorth America,andth ati tsmainth emewasi llJapaneselegislation. JTh evariousanti-Japaneseorganizati onsi ncluMi nth ei rmembersh i pprominentpoliti calandecoiunflfigures i nth ePacifi cCoaststates.AsCareyHmWilli amssays:"Scoresoflegislators,j udges,st»offici als,Congressmen,andSenatorsreceivedtMfli ni ti alsupportandowedth ei relection(orappoi i ßment)topublicoffice i nCalifornia i nth eyeifl1907-1924toth eNativeSonsofth eGoldenWaMTh eTolanCommitteesummarizesth epurposes)■th eAsi ati cExclusionLeaguei nth efollowingwonfl"Th eavowedpurposeofth eleaguewastopresetNorth AmericaforAmericans,bypreventinĝmini mi zi ngth e i mmi grationofAsiati cs,wh onsaidtobeunassimi lable,andi ll-suitedtoeomplemejth emach i neprocessesofAmerican industriallaTh eleaguedeclaredi tselfi nfavorofsegregation 1Japanesei nth esch oolsandaboycottagainstJ>|inesework ersandbusinessmen.InCaliforniaaloii twasclaimedth atmembersh i pofth eleaguen110,000i nFebruaryof1908."Mr.RobertH.Foilrepresentingth eCaliforniaJointImmigrationu»mittee,stated i n 1942ata h eari ngofth eWCommitteeth efollowing:"Th eCaliforniaJointI»migrationCommittee h as studied th eproblemth eJapaneseaswellasoth erAsiati cs,for,perM)th elast20to30years, h ence, i sfamili ar«th eproblem.Wewerelargelyi nstrumentalmlpassageofth e1913AlienLandAct.Atth attBth ecommitteewask nownasth eJapaneseExclwLeague,subsequentlybeingtermed,as i ti sWth eCaliforniaJoi ntImmigrationCommittee.

(Concludednextweek )

(Reprintedwith permissi onfromproceedsofUtah AcademyofArts,SciencesandLetWHJ

PACIFICCITIZEN Saturday,March »MI6

ProfessionalNotices

DR.BENT.CHIKARAISHIOptometrist

1200North Clark ,Cor.Divi si onPh .SUPerior8717,Ch i cago10Moil,Wed.2p.m.-7p.m.Toe.,Th urs.2p.m.-9p.m.Saturday9a.m.-6p.m.Ifbefore2p.m.State6993

DR.F.T.INUKAIDENTIST

1001ApgarStreetOak land,CaliforniaPh one:Pi edmont4942

Dr.TomT.Tak ah ash iDENTIST

63728th St.-Cor.GroveOAKLAND 9,California

TE1022 Res.HI5426

Megumi Y.Sh i nodaM.D.

244*/2 BastFi rstStreetLosAngeles,CaliforniaPh one:Mich i gan2576Res:Normandy2-7597

Dr.Joh nY.Nak ah araDENTIST

2514Sh attuck AvenueBerk eley,CaliforniaPh one:BErk eley3270

DR.M.OKUDADENTIST

515Vi llaStreetMountainView,CaliforniaOff.:Mt.View 3916Res.:PaloAlto2-6483

Dr.Yosh i k oSh i madaDentist

.112 K.IstSt Ph .TU2930Room 309 L«aAngeles

DR.K.SUGEVOOPTOMETRIST

122So.SanPedroSt.LosAngeles,Calif.Teleph oneMU7419Eve.andSun.byAppt.

ProfessionalNotices

Dr.M.M.Nak adateDBNTIST

Suites311-314-Firm Bldg.112No.SanPedroSt.,LobAngeles12,Calif. ■I'h one:VAndyk e1591

Dr.CarlT.HirotaDentist

1797SlitterSt. WE5388San Francisco,Calif.

Dr.RobertS.Ok amotoOPTOMETRIST200North FirstSt.SanJose,California

Ph one:Res.SanMateo4-3987EveningsandSundaysbyApp't.

Dr.RoyM.Nish i k awaPractici ng OptometryandContactLeuFitti ng3565S.WesternAye.

Tel.:PA8090-Res:NO27508LosAngeles7,Calif.

Sundays&EveningsbyAppt

DR.T.TSUBOIDR.R.TATSUNO

H.IWAMOTOOptometrist-Optici ans136WestFirstSouthTeleph one5-8671

SaltLak eCity,Utah——— i i ———.»■—l«

Dr.RYOMUNEKATADENTIST

2107>/2 W. JeffersonLosAngeles16,Calif.Ph one:REpuMic2-4834

DR.GEORGENISHIOOPTOMETRISTContactLenses1435FresnoStreetFresno,CaliforniaPh one:4-2305

T.HEDAM,O.D.OPTOMETRIST

1854FillmoreStreetSANFRANCISCO

Teleph one:Walnut9423

DR.Y.KIKUCHIDentist

124South SanPedroStreet(FormerSh ok i nBuildi ng)LosAngeles12,CaliforniaTel:Mich i gan3580 Room 211

Drs.lliura&Hiura■OPTOMETRISTSSOUTH SIDE

1454E.53rdSt.■Tel.MID8863NORTHSIDE

1200 N.Clark ■Tel.SUP1612CHICAGO,ILLINOIS

W.S.O'HIRA,D.M.D.DENTIST

312E.FirstSt.Suite310-11 TaulBldg.

Mich i gan5446LosAngeles12,California

"Insistonth eFinest"

\ls\KanemasaBrandIAsk for Faj i moto'a, EdoMiso,Pre-WarQualityatyoorfavorite sh oppi ng

centera

FUJIMOTO andCOMPANY

802-306Sooth 4th WeatSaltLak eCity4,UUh

Tel:4-827*

AIKO'SCAFEWh erePriceaareReasonable

Pork Noodles-35cJumboFriedSh ri mps-85cOth erDelici ousOrientalI Diah ea64South WestTempleSaltLak eCity

Portraitsby..♦TERASHIMASTUDIO

Ph one 66B.4th So.St.4-8261 SaltLak e"ĴI'!■!!■!Ml!■!!■ ■'''RADIOREPAIRSERVICB

Ph onograph *& SoundSysf"JAMBSS.KONISBIFreedMotorCo.

0r—2132Rich ardsSt.Ph one6-5577 SaltLatoĴ

MODERNGARAGE rtt6SOSo.lrtWeat Ph one4-8257 Salt.Lak eOff

GENERALAUTOMOBILEandTRUCKREPAIRINGalsoDIESELWORK a ...Quick ■Dependable.GnaranteedService"24-h ourService

Gears*M.Nak amura,Ph .4-4063— Geo.H.Sonoda,Ph .*■*"1 'H.Joh nHatae-Ph one9-5701 —ŝ

Eigh tNisei TeamsWillMeetInIntermountainTournament

-Jleadingbask etballteamsofth e■onwillbegincompetiti on i n■l2th annualIntermountam In-'■■tionalBask etballtournament"Blarch 26from 6:30p.m.i nth e"■Keei-gym i nSaltLak eCi ty.Kh e Marush o Mi k s,defending■LionsfromDenver,Colo.,will■th ei rti tleonth eblock againstKidofseventeamsfrom Seattle,E>nIdah o andSaltLak eCi ty.""IKe'sch eduleforth e quarter-l]sonWednesdaywi llfindth eKwinglineupofgames;6:30p.■SaltLak eZeph yrsvs.Idah o■Stars;7:45,DenverMarush oX'svs.SaltLak eBussei;9p.m.■udaDrugsofSeattlevs.Salt,JBeClippers;10:15,Harlem A'Q■OgdenYBA.Semi-fi nalsgames■be h eldonTh ursdayevening.■h efinalswillbe h eldonFri-■March 28i nth ePi oneergym.Presentationoftroph i eswillbe9Hdeata"victorydance"i nth e■neerat9 p.m.followingth e■mpionsh i pgame.Musicforth eBeewillbeprovidedbyBruce■th yand h i sorch estra.

Husk i esWinCh i cagoCagecompetiti on

■DefeatNewYork Bears■InFinalRoundof■Invitati onalTourney■CHICAGO—Th e Ch i cagoHusk -ch ampi onsofth eNisei league,

'iflBnth ech ampi ons.h i pofth especi-flHnvitati onaltournamentsponsor-■byth eCh i cagoNisei Ath leti c

n̂Hsn.onMarch 15and1Gasth ey■JTeetedth eNewYork Bears,36116,i nth efi nalroundofplay.

Ok amotowith 18pointsand■Hiyamawith 15ledth eCh i ca-

ÎHanstovictoryoverth eNewsquad.Ch i cagoAll-Starstook th i rd

BeebydefeatingDetroit,34towith M.Watanabe as h i gh

■ntmanwith 10.Bnth esemi-fi nalroundth eHus-k sdefeatedDetroit,39to26,Bileth eNewYork Bearsek ed■ta25to24 victoryoverth e

All-Stnrs.Bnth eopeningroundth eDe-Bitteam defeated SeabrookBmrmsofNewJersey,32to28.BeNewYork Bearsdefeatedth eBiladelph i aYBA,35to24.Th e

All-Stars defeated th ej ßwi nCityPenguinsfrom Minnea-Hlis,47to11.Th eHusk i esmauled|BClevelandWestsideAC quin-

MarriageIIaRCHMONT,N.V.—Th ewed-■ngofKath eri neKuwada,daugh -■rofMr.andMrs.KatauzoKu-»da,toMr.Kenneth Koba,sonofmr.Masah i k oKobaofCoronado,■i li fornia,took placeonSaturday,■arch 15,atth e Presbyterian■urclJ'nLarch mont,with th eRev.■>ruMatsumotooffici ati ng.

ManyEnterNationalNiseiBowlingMeetTeamsfrom Seattle,PocateUo,

Bngh am City,Denver,Ch i cago,LosAngeles,OgdenandSaltLak epitywillbeamongth osecompet-i ngi nth efi rstnationalNisei bowl-i ngtournament,sponsoredbyth eNationalJACLandth eSaltLak ech apter,onMarch 29and30atth eupstairsTemplealleysi nSaltLak eCity.Earlyentriesforth otourneyin-cludedth eSeattleAll-Stars,Brig-h amCi ty,th eDenverPinTopplersandtwoteamsfromPocateUoTwoteamswereexpectedfromCh i cagowh i letwooth ers,SawtelleGarageandth eNiteHawk s,weretenta-tiveentriesfrom LosAngeles.SawtelleGarage,wh i ch h as h i tascratch seri esof2860 duringleagueplayi nLosAngeles,willbeoneofth efavorites.ReportsfromLos Angeles i ndi cated th atth etournamentteam wouldbemadeupofth reeIsh i zawabroth ersandPaulQuonandBowmanCh ungofth eGrandStarteam.MoonKataok aofDenverwillbeback todefendh i ssinglesch am-pionsh i pandth eall-eventscrownwh i ch h ewonwith atotalof1860forninegames i nth eSaltLak etourneylastyear.Awomen'steam from Denveralsowillenterth eNi sei women'sbowlingtournamentwh i ch willbeh eldi nconjunctionwith th emen'stourney.

DougOgataWinsSweepstak es i nSaltLak eLeagueDougOgataofth eOk adaInsur-anceteamwonth esinglessweep-

stak es i nth eJACLwinterbowl-i ngleagueonMarch 17atTempleŜW)mlB"fas°f210> 170'Oth erstoplace i n th emoneyamong th e sixtyentrantswereBuddyOk uda,Aok i Produce,541(66)607;IsamuTanabe,Wally'sFlowers,544(48)592;LarryTa-Jiri ,Ok adaIns.,570(10)580andSh i gKanegai,Kasai Ins.476(104)580;andYori Kosai k u,Utah AutoClub,519(60)579.A h andi capdoublestournamentwi llbe h eldonMarch 24onth eTemplelanes.Duringth etournamentlastMon-dayth eOk adaInsuranceteamputtogeth era 1023 game,h i gh estscratch totalrecorded i nth eSaltLak eleagueth i sseason.Th efol-lowingscoreswererolledbyth eOk adas i n break i ngth e '1000"mark :Larry Taj i ri 225, DougOgata207,Sh oHirai zumi 225,JunKurumada 178andMak i Kai zumi187.

ColoradoStudentInstalledi nPostDENVER—MissMiyoSuematsuwas i nstalledlastweek astreas-urerofAlph aPh i ch apterofSig-maAlph alota,nationalprofes-sionalmusicsororityatth eUni-versityofColorado.

Tomorrow'sHeirs

BySach i L.WadaMALEUTOPIA...Th eoth ernigh tsomeh ow talk£?-,a»oundtoth erecenti ssueofL.ite wh i ch gave anextensivestudyofJapan'sgeish agi rls.Ih appenedbobevisi ti ngatth eh omeofa.veteranwh onotverymuch be-forePearlHarborh adbeenonaleisurelytriptoth eOrient.Withagleamofremini scence,h erecall-edallth eserviceprovidedh i mbyth e Japanesemaids,wh oseonlyrealwagescamefrom th etipswh i ch patroitsth rew h erway.HedescribedJapanasamale'sUtopia.Interesting,h owever,wasani n-cidentwh i ch h e ci ted.He wastravelingth rough onatrain,wh i chbegantogetverycrowded.Amongth epeople,h e noticedawomanwith ach i ldonh erback andwithbundlesi nh erarms.Followingh i swesternmanner, h everych i val-rouslyofferedth ewoman h i sseat.Herh usbandsatdown.TOTHEORIENT...Th efollowingnigh t,Iwastalk -i ngwith areturnedofficerwh oi snowwork i ngforth eVeteran'sAd-mini strationatFortSnelling.Hemadeastatement,"Europe

h aggivenofi tsbountifulcultureandart.Buttoday,Europei sdead...anewcivi li zati on i sbeingborni nAsia.From th elowslumpsofEurope,th eworldwillagainriseth rough th eOrient."Strange h owatonetimeJapan

seemedtobepartofanoth erworld,i solatedfrom ours.Now i ti snotso.Th eJapaneselanguage,toevenmositNisei ,wasonlysometh i ngi mpoundedbytutorsofth oroughlanguagesch ools.Weneveri mag-i ned th at i ts k nowledge wouldsomedaybeastrongtooltouseagainstanenemycountry.OLDMISSISSIPPI...Lastnigh t,rush i ngovertoSt.Paultowork onth e"North westNisei "Icrossedth elongbridgeoverth eMissi ssi ppi .Itwasatth ath ourwh enth esh adowsh avedisap-pearedandwork menaretrudgingth ei rpath s h omeward.Th esk i eswere tingedwith dilutedfusch i aandth estarswerenotyetout.Inth emurk anddepth ofth ewatersbelowonecouldseeth etreesandth esh rubsandth eligh tsofth eh i gh waysh arplyreflected.Th erewassometh i ngverywrongabouti tssereneperfection.But,oomeApril,th erewillbelaugh terandsongofh umanvoices,th esigh tofyoungloversh oldi ngh andsandofoldfolk stak i ngawalk andth enarrowpath swi llbeth emournfulsoundofbarges.Yetth atpicturewillbealive.Nowth eoldMissi s-sippi i stwisti ngandmelting,j ustbi di ngi tsti me.MAKING GREATPLANS...We'vebeenmak i nggreatplansforspringandsummer.Th edayswe'llspendbyth elak esreadingandsk etch i ng,th enigh tsatth econcerts,th ecoolmorningswalk i ngacrossdewygolfcourses.Nomoreboringsocials,nomorestick ymov-i es.Justafewlunch eonsandteasandmeetings.Butwe'vesaidth atsincelastyear.Americansseemtobegreatonesformak i ngplans,andth enulti-matelybeingstuck with th everysamemerry-go-roundwh ere youk eepgoi ngroundandround,neverk nowi ng,andespeciallynotcaring,wh erei tallbeginsorends.Perh apsth osewh oli vesimplyfromdaytodaytodaydogetth ebestdeals.Buttome,th ey'renodifferentfrom th erestofth eworld'spopulation.Th eyj ustli k etoth i nk th eyare.

VitalStatisti csBIRTHS

ToMr.andMrs.GeorgeMura-moto,Sacramento,*agirlonFeb.22.ToMr.andMrs.Masaioh i Sh i -bataagirlonMarch 3i nLosAn-geles.ToMr.andMrs.Yutak aNak a-mich i agirlonMarch 4 i nLosAngeles.ToMr.andMrs.Frank S.Ki-mura,Fowler,Calif.,aboyonFeb.■$"ToMr.andMrs.JamesTamura,

San Fernando,Calif.,aboyonFeb.27.ToMr.andMrs.HarryH.Nak a,

Reedley,Calif.,agirlonFeb.9.ToMr.andMrs.AlriraAramak i

aboy,AubreyAnj i ,onJan.22i nBellevue,Wash .ToMr.andMrs.RobertS.Ik i ,agirl,FrancesSayo,onTtfarch 15i nWash i ngton,D.C.ToMr.andMrs.,M.W.Hosh i no,

435W.123St.,NewYork 27,N.Y.,aboyonMarch 9.ToMr.,andMrs.Hirosh i Yama-

moto,Elk Grove,Calif.,agirlonMarch 2.ToMr.andMrs.Ma&uoMasuda,

Newcastle,Calif.,agirlonMarch8.Toth eRev.andMrs.ArnoldNa-k aj i maaboyonMarch 7 i nLosAngeles.ToMr.andMrs.Hirosh i Osak oagirlonMarch 6 i nLosAngeles.ToMr.andMrs.TomKurash i ge

agirlonMarch 7 i nLosAngelesToMr.andMrs.Suk eoSatoaboyonMarch 8i nLosAngeles.ToMr.andMrs.Sh i ni ch i No-mura,Denver,Colo.,agirlonMarch 6.ToMr.andMrs.Gi i ch i Kage-yama,Monterey,Calif.,agirlonMarch 10.ToMr.andMrs.JamesA.Wata-

nabe,WalnutGrove,Calif.,aboyonMarch 8.ToMr.andMrs.MajorKanda,Marysville,Calif.,aboyonMarchO,

ToMr.andMrs.Frank Ak i ta,2559South Th i rdEastSt.,SaltLak eCity,agirlonMarch 19.

DEATHSJutaroYamaguch i ,70,onMarch

14i nSanFrancisco.RuitaroYano,69,onMarch 6atTulare,Calif.Mrs. Yosh i Tach i bana (Mrs.

Masak i Tach i bana)onMarch 14i nDenver.Frank Kuga,66,onMarch 17i n

Stock ton,Calif.Soich i G.Yosh i da,68,atRenton

High lands,Wash .,onMarch 8.

MARRIAGESMich i k o Hi roseto Sh i zuoIta-tani i nSanJose,Calif.,onMarch 1.FumiyeMizotatoRyeKei k oan

onMarch 16i nSacramento.Ruth Funak oeh i toRobertNoda,Saline,Mich .,onMarch 16i nDen-ver.Kath eri neKuwada toKenneth

KobaonMarch 15 i nLarch mont,N.T.WaloayeHatash i tatoSh oMat-sumotoonMarch 9 i nLos An-geles.Toyok o Harada to Noriyosh i

Omak awaonMarch 16i nLosAn-geles.Rose Yasuk oYuasato Nobu-

mi tsuKodamaonMarch 16i nLosAngeles.Hidek oItotoHaruoSumi i onMarch 9i nDenver.Marth aMuratatoWilli amAri i

onMarch 16i nSanJose.Nobuk o Mi nami detoYastfyuk iTak ayaonMarch 8i nFlorin,Calif.Hidek oIto,Alameda,N.M..toHarryHaruo Kadoi.Marysville,Calif.,onMarch 9i nDenver.

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Misak aStarsasUtah CagersEnterFinalsofU.S.TourneyNEW YORK—WatMisak a,th eli ttleNisei forwardwh creturnedtoth eUniversityofUtah th i syearaftertwoyearsofservice i nth earmyi nth ewari nth ePacifi c,wasamajorreasonforunderdogUtah 'stwo upsetvictoriesoversecond-seededWestVirgi ni aandDuquesnei nth eNationalInvita-ti onalbask etballch ampi onsh i psatMadisonSquareGardenth i sweek .Mi sak a'sdefensiveplaywasth etalk ofNewYork bask etballscribesth i sweek asUtah enteredth efin-alsagainstth eUniversityofKen-tuck yonMarch 24.Th eNisei starfromOgden,Utah

consistentlyoutplayed h i s tallerandbiggeropponentstoaidth e"Ci nderellak i ds"from Utah i nth ei rsurprisi ngvictoriesatth eGarden.Misak aalreadyi safa-vori tewith Gardenfansforh i ssuperbplayin1944wh enUtahwonth eNCAAch ampi onsh i pandwentontodefeatSt.Joh n's,th ei nvi tati onaltournamentch ampi on,totak eth enationalcrown.Asensationalblock byMisak a

wh i ch stoppedaDuquesnescoringth reati nth eclosingminutesofth equarter-finalgamebrok eth eh eartsofth eDuk esfrom Pitts-burgh .Later,with th escoretied44to44i nth eclosingsecondsofth egame,(Misak awasfouledwh i lesh ooti ngrHemadeoneofth etwofoulth rowsgoodtoputth eUtesah ead.Utah frozeth eballi nth efinal19secondsandwon,45to44.Misak ascored eigh tpoi ntson

two field goals andfourfreeth rowsagaintsDuquesne.Heplayedeveryminuteofth egameagainstWestVirgi ni a,oneofth ecountry'soutstandingteams,as h edidagainstDuquesneandscoredni nepointsonth reefieldgoalsand th reefreeth rowsasUtah outlastedth eMountaineers.64to62.Th eNi sei starwasth etalk ofth ecapacitycrowdof18,500ash eflash ed upand downth ecourt,mak i ngi mpossible"saves"againsth i sbiggeropponents.Misak a,asuperbdribbler,setupmanyofUtah 'si mportantfieldgoals.

NewYork EngagementNEW YORKCITY—Th eengage-mentofMissCh i zuk oHayash i ofNewYork Ci tytoMr.SatoruTa-k emoto ofCh i cago was madek nowntofriendsatth eh omeofMr.Th omasHayash i onSunday,Mar.5.MissHayash i ,formerlyofSac-ramento,i sth edaugh terofMrs.Kiyok oHayash i ,and i spresentlyemployedatth eCouncilAgainstIntolerancei nAmerica.Mr.Tak e-moto,veteranofi ntelligenceser-vice-i nJapan,i sacivi lserviceac-countant.Th eweddingwli ltak eplacei nMay.

Nisei BonersEnterNCAACh ampi onsh i psKonosh i ma,MiyagawaLeadWisconsinTeamInRecentVictories

MADISON,Wis—TwoNisei box-i ngstars,wh ocametoth eUniver-sityofWisconsinasaresultofth eWestCoastevacuation,willbeamongth eBadgerentrantsi nth eNationalCollegiate Ath leti c As-sociati onboxingtournamenttobeh eldi nMadisononMarch 27to29.Di ck Miyagawa,formerNCCAch ampi onandformercaptainofth e Wisconsin team,and Rock yKonosh i ma aretworeasons forWisconsin'sundefeatedrecord todatei ni ntercollegiatecompetiti on.Konosh i ma and Miyagawaledth eWisconsinteamtoa6to2tri-umph overth eUniversityofMin-nesotaonMarch 7before14,000fansatth eWi sconsinfieldh ouse.Konosh i ma,formerlyofSantaClara,Calif.,defeatedRobertPro-vostbyaTKO i nth eth i rdroundofth ei rfeath erweigh tboutKono-sh i mai sundefeatedtodateand i sconsideredastrongcontenderforth eNCAA ch ampi onsh i p.Th i s i sh i sth i rdseasonasaregularonth eBadgerteam.Miyagawa won h i s 140-pound

boutwith HaroldBrownofMinne-sota.Wh i leatSanJoseStatecol-lege i n1942,Miyagawawonth eNCAAch ampi onsh i pi nth efeatfi-erweigh tdivi si on.HecametoWis-consin i n1943fromth eGi laRiverrelocationcenter.Wisconsin'sboxersh avedefeatedVirgi ni a,PermStateandSyracuseth i syear.

SlateMurielLesterForFresnoYPCCFRESNO,Calif.—MurielLester,

InternationalFellowsh i pofRecon-cili ati onsecretary,willbeth emai nspeak eratth eclosingserviceofth eFresnoSectionalYoungPeo-plesCh ri sti anConferenceonMarch23,i twasannouncedth i sweek byKok oYemoto,publici tych ai rman.MissLester,apersonalfriendofMah atma Gandh i and MadameCh i angKai Sh ek ,i sflyi ngfromGenevaandwillarrivei ntimetoappearatth econference.MissLesterwillalsospeak atth eMeth odi stch urch March 24i nameetingopentoth egeneralpub-lic.

Th ree442ndVeteransSwimForHawai i U.WillEnterNCAACh ampi onsh i psi nSeattleTh i sWeekHONOLULU—Coach Soi ch i Sa-k amoto's UniversityofHawai iswimmi ngteam willface toughcompetiti oni nth eNationalColleg-i ateAth leti cAssociati onch ampi on-sh i pswi mmi ngmeeti nSeattleonMarch 28and29.Ni sei veteransofth efamous

442ndCombatTeam,Ch arleyOda,BobIwamotoandJoh nnyTsuk ano,areth reeofth efivemenwh oleftHonolulubyClipperonMarch torepresentth eUniversityofHawai ii nth eNCAAch ampi onsh i ps.AccordingtoKenMisumi ,sportswriterforth eHonoluluStarBulle-tin,Coach Mi k ePeppe'sOh i oStateBuck eyes,lastyearsNCAAch amp-i ons,areth eoverwh elmi ngfavor-i testorepeatth i syear.Th eOh i oStateteamfeaturestwoHonoluluswimmers,Tak ash i (Halo)HiroseandBillSmith ,both protegesofCoach Sak amoto wh en h e wascoach i ng th e Alexander House,Maui squad.Inadditi ontoOda,IwamotoandTsuk ano,th e Hawai i Universityteam i ncludesJoseBalmoresandArlonRich ardson.

Masaok aWillSpeakAtAnnualMeetofNaturalizati onGroupWASHINGTON—Mi k eMasaok a,JACL-ADClegislativedirector,willbeoneofth eguestspeak ersatth eannualconferenceofth eNationalCouncilonNaturalizati onandCit-i zensh i pnextWednesday,March26,atth eHotelCommodorei nNewYork City,th eWash i ngtonOfficeofth eJACLAnti-Di scri mi nati onCommitteeannouncedth i sweek .Th emeofth i syear'sconferencei s"ProblemsofAmericanCiti zen-sh i pToday."Masaok a i sslatedtobeoneoffourlunch eon speak ers.Hewilldiscusspresentcongressionalbillsremovingracialdiscri mi nati ons i nourfederalnaturalizati onandi m-migrationlaws.Oth er lunch eon speak ers areJamesB.Orrick ,Ch i ef,VoluntaryOrganizati onsSection,UnitedNa-ti onsSecretariat; Mrs.Ruth B.Sh i pley,Ch i ef,PassportDivi si on,DepartmentofState;MissJaneM.Hoey,Drector,BureauofPublicAssistance,FederalSecurityAgen-cy;andDr.LelandRexRobinson,economist.

Issei Citi zensh i pQuestionWillBeDebatedonAirLOS ANGELES — Saburo

Kido,pastnationalpresidentofth eJACL,andA.L.Wi nnwi lluph oldth eaffirmative i nade-bateonth equestion,"'Sh ouldJapaneseAliensBeAdmittedtoCiti zensh i p,"overKMPCfrom9to10p.m.onApril6.HectorBaidaandJamesMc-Laugh li n,Los Angelesattor-neys,willrepresentth enega-ti vei nth eradiodebate.Th ebroadcastorigi nallywas

sch eduledforMarch 23butwaspostponeduntilth elaterdate.

Hawai i ansSupportJACL-ADCCampaignReportsMasaok aSAN FRANCISCO— Numerousorganizati onsandgroups i n Ha-wai i ,notonlyIssei andNisei butofoth erracialback grounds,h avepledgedsupporttoth eJACL-ADCcampaigntorequalityi nnatural-i zati on,JoeGrantMasaok a,North -ernCaliforniaregionaldirectorofth eJACL,declaredlastweek fol-lowingh i sreturnfromHonolulu."With th eenlistmentofleading

citi zenstoservei nourcampaignandwith th efullsupportofallmajornewspapersi nHawai i ,wefeelsureth atth edri vewillbesuccessful,"Masaok asaid.Masaok a i ndi catedth atsupport

forth ecampaigntoabolish racerestricti ons from citi zensh i p h adbeenpromisedbyprominentHa-wai i anci vi cleaders,i ncludingDel-egateJoseph Farrington,RobertSh i vers,B.Di lli ngh am,MilesCary,KarlLeebrick ,Andrew Lind andoth ers.Hesaidth atJack Kawano,IL-WU-CIO leader i nHawai i ,h adpledgedsupporttoth elegislativeobjecti vesofth eJACL'sAnti-Di s-crimi nati onCommittee.

Eigh tTeamsEnterInvitati onalMeetInCaliforniaCitySAN JOSE,Calif.—Eigh tout-

standingNisei bask etballteamsofNorth ernCaliforniawillcompetei nth e i nvi tati onaltournamenttobesponsoredbyth eSai lJoseYBAonMarch 29and30atth eSantaClarah i gh sch oolgym.Teamsenteredi nth etourneyare

Reedley,SacramentoMaroons,SanMateoAC,Berk eleyNisei Greens,Presidi oAll-Stars, SanFranciscoDrak es,Oak landParamountsandSanJoseZebras.

Nisei VeteranDefeatsSealsInHonoluluMoriguch i Hand*PelICh ampi onsOnlyD̂IOfTraini ngTourHONOLULU-GoreMo"awoundedveceranofth ef.442ndCombatTeam,j '̂fttincti onofbeingth eonlylHawai i an pitch erto defeatiSanFranciscoSealsofth ukfie Coastleague i nth e,2traini ng-gameswh i ch th e«Sh aveplayedwith Islandteam?Oah u,Maui andWauai.Th e Seals h avewon mo*th ei rgameswith lop-sidedmwith th eexceptionofth emonMarch 14againstth erJofth eHawai i LeagueatHornstadium.Th eRedSoxwon8tosurpriseLeftyCDoul'bdnkth e2,000cash customers.Moriguch i ,alittlerigh tstook overinth efourth i nnmth egamewith h i steamtraa5to2.Th e442ndveteranth anceededtoh urlsixi nni ngsofioutbaseballagainstth e&limi ti ngth eCoastLeaguecipionstofourh i ts.A San Francisco sportsucommentedth atMoriguch i w«"imperturbableas h emmt|beenwh enh erolledth rough Iduringth ewarwith th eAnwJapanesei nfantry.He catSealsdowntosize."Wak atsuk i ,th i rd-basemanth eRedSox,Oah uch ampi ons,th ebattingattack with th reeIoffCliffMeltonandBobCi i aTh ewinni ngRedSoxlingasfollows:Kai,2b;Kash i wj Jlb;Ferreira,ss;Tanak a,cf;3ada,If;Itemoto,rf;Watifl3b;Ok azak i ,c;Mancao,p;H|guch i ,p;Nozak i ,2b;Sh i rora,(Konno,3b;andSak amoto,c.

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