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In a Swine Production Setting Courtesy of Food Technology magazine, from "Defending the Food Supply," August 2005, Vol. 59, No.8. Food Technology is a publication of the Institute of Food Technologists, www.ift.org.www.ift.org

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Is Our Food Safe From Attack?

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Will this Effect Missouri? Missouri ranks 2 nd in the nation for number of farms. 7 th in the nation for hogs and pigs

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Show Me the Money Missouri farms rank 15 th nationally for cash receipts. Missouri farms have estimated cash receipts of 5.82 billion dollars per year.

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Case Study: Bitter Harvest 1973 Fire retardant (PBB) accidentally mixed into feed rations for cattle. Over a year later sickness in animals, and humans is linked to PBBs. Cattle, pigs, sheep, chickens, and contaminated commodities are destroyed and buried. 97% of humans living in Michigan during that time have PBBs in their system.

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What Type of Harm Could Occur? Intentional delivery of a harmful biological or chemical agent to the food supply system could cause: Physical harm (illness or mortality) Economic disruption Direct Indirect International Political unrest Psychological harm loss of confidence in food supply

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Case Study: Melamine Contaminated Wheat Gluten pet food. Cats and dogs fall ill and some die. Massive recall of pet food Contamination was intentional. Waste pet food fed to hogs in 7 states 56,000 hogs quarantined

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Vulnerable Areas in The Farm to Fork Food Supply Chain Farm Boar Semen Supply Chain Feed Mill Transportation Buying Station

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Food Defense focuses on security, protecting the food supply from intentional contamination. Courtesy of Food Technology magazine, from "Defending the Food Supply," August 2005, Vol. 59, No.8. Food Technology is a publication of the Institute of Food Technologists, www.ift.org. www.ift.org

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Is Food Defense Different than Biosecurity? Food Defense focuses on protecting the food supply from intentional contamination. unintentional Biosecurity and Food Safety (HACCP) focus on protecting the food supply from unintentional contamination. They help with, but are not a substitute for food defense.

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Who Might Intentionally Contaminate an Animal Production Facility? Disgruntled employee/former employee Contract or temporary employee Members of terrorist or extremist groups Truck driver Affiliate of a competing facility Visitor to facility

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Potential Contaminants Biological Agents: Injure by causing disease, or producing toxin. Chemical Agents: Injure through toxicity to biological systems, or chemical burns to tissue. Radiological Agents: Injure externally with radiation burns and potentially deadly acute radiation sickness. Injure internally by causing damage to internal organs.

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Case Study: This Little Piggy 1998, Malaysia cases of pigs dying were not immediately recognized as outbreak Oct. 1998 Pig farm workers suffer possible encephalitis epidemic(265 cases, 105 deaths) Identified as new virus now called Nipah Over a million pigs from nearly 1,000 farms were destroyed. Pig production is reduced from 2.4 million to 1.32 million, and farms from 1885 to 829.

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What Makes an Attractive Agent of Intentional Contamination? Long incubation period/delayed effect Highly effective History of use Available (easily produced in adequate quantity) Low traceability

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Defense plans are encouraged but not required for farms and most food establishments. Courtesy of Food Technology magazine, from "Defending the Food Supply," August 2005, Vol. 59, No.8. Food Technology is a publication of the Institute of Food Technologists, www.ift.org.www.ift.org

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Facilities Currently Required to Participate in Food Defense All vendors providing food for USDA feeding programs must now be in compliance with the Food Defense System.

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Four Steps for Developing a Food Defense Plan Assess the vulnerabilities Write a plan Evaluate the plan Maintain the plan

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Assess the vulnerabilities

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Countermeasures are actions taken to shield vulnerable areas, reducing the risk of intentional contamination.

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Areas to Consider for Countermeasure Development Procedures Facility Technology Personnel

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Workforce Shipping and Receiving Visitors and Customers Marketing Countermeasures for Procedures

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Light it Lock it Limit Access Countermeasures for Facility

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Write the Plan

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Should such an event occur a timely and efficient response will be critical to minimizing the damage.

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Develop a Written Response Plan Plan for handling of contaminated animals Emergency Planning Facility Map Emergency Contact Phone List Visitor Log Supplier/Customer Contacts Employee Emergency Information

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Handling of Contaminated Animals First hold all potentially contaminated animals Potentially contaminated animals will need to be quarantined prior to euthanasia. Quarantine will need to be separate from non contaminated animals. Prepare a plan for carcass disposal, to be reviewed by APHIS and state authorities in case of an intentional contamination.

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Swine Operation Containment and Disposal Plan

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Facility Map Name, address, and phone of owner/proprietor Relationship of the facility to adjacent properties and/or structures. Road access including transportation routes Perimeter boundaries, include fences, and gates (with dimensions)

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Facility Map continued Buildings, outbuildings, doors, windows, AC/heating, ventilation Utilities (water, gas, electric, phones) location and shutoff Septic System and drainage areas with direction of flow Web sites such as Google Earth www.earth.google.com

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AC Water access

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Swine Operation Emergency Phone List

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Swine Operation Employee Emergency Contacts

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Evaluate the plan Check the perimeter regularly. Make unannounced entrances at various times. Check locks in vulnerable areas. Perform a mock quarantine.

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Maintain the plan Ensure that measures implemented continue to be effective. Train the family/employees regarding their effort in: Prevention Detection Response Re-evaluate the plan annually or as operations or facilities change.

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References www.aphis.gov www.aphis.gov www.animalagriculture.org www.a www.porkscience.org www.p