Imran Khan Progress Report
Transcript of Imran Khan Progress Report
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Phd Thesis
Progress Report
Title of Research
Evaluation of Retrofitted Bridge Piersunder Seismic Loading
By
MUHAMMA !"BAL#$%Ph%&E%'(
Supervisor
Supervisor) Prof* r* "aiser% u+% ,aman -han .UET Ta/ila0&o%Supervisor) r* Syed Muhammad Ali .UET Pesha1ar0
Department of Civil EngineeringUNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
TAILA
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2* !ntroduction
Pakistan is located in a high seismic zone. The research presented in this thesis has been
conducted in the aftermath of the major earthquake of 8thOct 2005 earthquake in zad
!ashmir and "orthern areas of Pakistan# $here man% high$a% structures $ere damaged
being deficient of requisite in steel reinforcement# concrete strength and ductilit% to sustain
earthquake energ%. &eismic 'azards define the potential of (arthquake. (arthquake is
basicall% the ground )ibration# resulted from the natural phenomenon i.e. fracture of the earth
crust# )olcanic eruption or artificiall% due to man*made acti)ities like e+plosions etc.
,ajorit% of our bridges $ere constructed prior to October 2005 and those $ere designed
according to the -est Pakistan 'igh$a% ode /134. n that code# the seismic zones for an%particular cit% $ere on the lo$er side# therefore# most of our bridges constructed in an%
region are prone to major damages.
t is reported b% the 6& 7eological &ur)e% that global death toll in 200 $as e+ceeded
00#000 $orld$ide. On the a)erage about 0#000 people died e)er% %ear# besides the great
economical loss# $orld$ide. October 8# 2005 (arthquake brought about 35#000 human losses
and 2.5 million homeless.
!
'* Literature Revie1
s a aftermath of the October 8# 2005 earthquake about 9#921 !,s /3.02 :4 roads
$ere destro%ed;damaged# reported b% "ecent earthquakes in the sia especiall% in Pakistan unco)ered the )ulnerabilit% of
e+isting > structures to the e+pected damage
n Pakistan onl% one bridge design code has been published in 13. The said code is
deri)ed from the 6& code of 1 and since then the code is not updated
,ost of the bridges in Pakistan ha)e been designed on the basis of &'TO
&tandards /&'O # 14 $hich has been obsolete in the 6& since 2003 and
replaced b% &'TO*?>@< /&'TO*20034
On the basis of field sur)e% and tests it is obser)ed that concrete used in the
construction of the e+isting bridges in Pakistan is lo$ strength concrete i.e. AfcB 2900
psi# c%linder strengthC $hich also apparentl% sho$s the )ulnerabilit% of these bridges
to e+pected damage or collapse in case of )er% high hazards
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The e+ecution practice in the Pakistan $hich is not commensurate $ith the required
standard also increases the bridges )ulnerabilit% to e+pected damage in case of an%
catastrophe like October 8# 2005 earthquake
>efD Ph< ThesisC &T6
=>
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()aluation of stress G strain of retrofitted concrete c%linder and find out their relation
to retrofitted pier columns.
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Research 435ectives
" n Pakistan all the old buildings and bridges are being constructed $ith cubestrength of 000 psi equi)alent to 2900 psi c%linder strength
" n this stud% $e used the D9 scaled do$n one model of target AfcB 2900 psiCi.e. lo$ strength concrete /?&4
" >efD Ph< Thesis A&T6=>
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#etro!itting )chemes )elected +or O%r #esearch
The e+tensi)el% used materials and included in our research areD
a. @>P -rappings
The abo)e retrofitting material $ill be used onD
a. columns $ith $rapped @>P sheets to impro)e seismic
performance is one of the major applications of this ne$ strengthening method.
Application o! $+#P
" fter appl%ing the epo+% underla%ment on the concrete surface# the @>P sheets $ere$rapped around the column. (ach la%er $as lap spliced for a length of 250 mm to a)oid
delaminating.
" The epo+% $as selected to insure that the multiple la%ers of the straps acted as oneunit $ith no inter*laminar slippage.
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" The continuous @>P reinforcement column $rapping allo$s increasing the ultimatedisplacement and the ultimate strength.
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6* Pro5ect 7or8 Schedule
Phase ActivityE/pected Time
.7ee80
Status
#! Literat$re Revie%! &' Complete(
)! St$(* of Vario$+ Str$,t$ral Soft%are-+! &' Complete(
'! .reparation of /o(el &0 Complete(
0! Anal*+i+ an( Te+ting of Sele,te( S*+tem &0 Complete(
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1! Con,l$+ion an( Re,ommen(ation+ &1 Complete(
2! Compilation an( final report! &1 Complete(
Total) '9 7ee8s
:* Pro5ect etailed Budget
Sr*
;o*escription of !tems "uantity Rate < Unit
Appro/imate
Budget.Rs*0
# Fine aggregate+ 03&&&
) Coar+e aggregate+ 03&&&
' Cement #&3&&&
0 Steel )&3&&&
1 CFR. /aterial 4&3&&&
2 La5or E6pen(it$re )&3&&&
Total) 2$#=###* Utili+ation of Research
&trengthening bridge columns $ith fiber jackets significantl% impro)es the fle+ural
and shear strengths and increases the ductilit% of the column.
&tructures designed b% old design codes need strengthening as a current requirement#
$hich can be fulfilled b% retrofitting techniques.
The seismic performance of > columns $as also found to be impro)ed b% increased
ductilit% $ith the confinement of @>P composites.
The strength and ductilit% of concrete bridge columns could be significantl% increased
b% $rapping @>P around the columns.