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IMPROVING LIVELIHOOD AND DOUBLING INCOME OF

FARMERS OF KANDHAMAL DISTRICT OF ODISHA RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES

Indian Council of Agricultural Research

Department of Agricultural Research and Education Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare

Government of India, New Delhi

ii

Coordination Committee Chairman: Dr. H. Pathak, Director, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha Convener: Dr. S.S. Singh, Director, ICAR-ATARI, Zone-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata, West Bengal Citation Mishra D, Haldar A, Singh SS and Pathak H (2018) Improving livelihood and doubling income of farmers of Kandhamal district of Odisha: Research and development strategies. ICAR-ATARI, Zone-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata, West Bengal and ICAR-NRRI, Cuttack, Odisha. P 42+vi. Authors Dr. D. Mishra, Senior Scientist and Head, KVK, Kandhamal, Odisha Dr. A. Haldar, Principal Scientist, ICAR-ATARI, Zone-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata, West Bengal Dr. S.S. Singh, Director, ICAR-ATARI, Zone-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata, West Bengal Dr. H. Pathak, Director, ICAR- National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha Published by ICAR-ATARI, Zone-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata, West Bengal and ICAR- National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha April, 2018 Disclaimer ICAR-ATARI, Zone-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata, West Bengal and ICAR- National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha are not liable for any loss arising due to improper interpretation of the scientific information provided in the bulletin. ©All Rights Reserved ICAR-ATARI, Zone-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata, West Bengal

ICAR- National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha

iii

Acknowledgement

Kandhamal is a tribal district covering 5.15% of the geographical area of Odisha State. The district is bestowed with the beauty of nature. It has the lowest population density in the State. Out of 8,02,100 hectares geographical area of the district, 71% of land is under forest cover. The district has an agriculture-based economy. Food crops, horticulture, animal husbandry, forest produce and tourism are the mainstay of the economy in the district. However, farmers’ income remains low. Recently, the goal set to double farmers’ income by March 2022 is central to promote farmer’s livelihood security and farmers’ welfare in the country. The present plan document has been prepared to achieve the target of livelihood security and doubling the farmers’ income by March 2022 in Kandhamal district.

In the course of preparing the present plan document, the authors have received help and supports from different organizations and individuals. The authors are extremely grateful to eah one of them.

We take the opportunity to express our deep sense of gratitude to Dr. T. Mohapatra, Secretary (DARE) and Director General (ICAR) for his constant guidance and encouragement. We express heartfelt gratitude to Dr. A.K. Singh, Deputy Director General (Agriculture Extension), ICAR for his valuable advices and needful support.

Our sincere thanks and gratitude are due to the Vice-Chancellor, Deans and the faculties of OUAT, Bhubaneswar, Odisha; the Directors and Scientists of different ICAR institutes situated in Odisha; the Directors and officers of various State and District line departments including Agriculture, Horticulture, Animal Husbandry and Fisheries for their generous sharing of valuable thoughts and suggestions.

The authors highly appreciate the farmers of Kandhamal district for their vital information portrayed in this document. The contributions made by Dr. G.A.K. Kumar, Dr. B. Mandal, Mr. S.K. Sinha and all the staff of Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kandhamal are duly acknowledged.

Authors

v

Content Sl. No. Title Page No. 1 Background Information of the District 1 2 Agro-Climatic Zone (ACZ) and Agro-Ecological Situation (AES) 6

2.1. Irrigation 6 2.2. Farming situations 7 2.3. Marketing 7

3 Overview of Agriculture and Allied Sector in the District 7 3.1. Agriculture production system 7 3.2. Horticulture production system 8 3.3. Livestock production system 9 3.4. Fishery production system 10 3.5. Natural Resource Management System 10 3.6. Agricultural Marketing System 10

4 Agriculture Support Services 10 4.1. Details of credit institutions in the District 10 4.2. District Income 11

5 SWOT analysis of the district 11 5.1. Strengh & weakness 11 5.2. Main thrust areas in Kandhamal district 14

6 AES specific issues and opportunities for development of different production systems viz. Agriculture, Horticulture, Livestock, Fisheries and Natural Resources

15

6.1. Agriculture 15 6.2. Horticulture 17 6.3. Natural resources 21 6.4. Fisheries 23

7 Strategies for Development of Production Systems 24 7.1. Agriculture 24 7.2. Horticulture 25 7.3. Natural resource management system 26 7.4. Livestock 26 7.5. Fisheries 26

8 Strategies for development of Agri-Marketing System (AES specific) 27 8.1. Agriculture 27 8.2. Horticulture 28 8.3. Livestock 28 8.4. Fisheries 28

9 Action plan for doubling farmers’ income of KVK, Kandhamal (OUAT), Odisha 29 9.1. Basic information of the district 29 9.2. Major crops 29

vi

Sl. No. Title Page No. 10 Summary of modules for doubling farmers’ income 30 11 Doubling Farmers’ Income by Technological Interventions 37 12 Future Visions 41 .

List of tables

Sl. No. Title Page No. 1 Land utilisation of Kandhamal district. 3 2 Average rainfall, temperature and humidity of Kandhamal district on monthly basis 4 3 Demography of Kandhamal district. 5 4 Irrigation facility of Kandhamal district (Area in ha.). 6 5 Proposed marketing facilities (2015-16 & 2016-17). 7 6 Area, production and yield of major crops in irrigated/ rainfed conditions during kharif

season. 8

7 Area, production and yield of major crops in irrigated/rainfed conditions during rabi season.

8

8 Livestock information of Kandhamal district (As per 2012 census). 9 9 Credit institutions in Kandhamal district. 10

Module 1. Name of the AES- Brown Forest, High rainfall (1300-1500 mm), High Elevation (500 to 1000 m), Rainfed (AES-1).

31

Module 2. Name of the AES- Brown Forest, High rainfall (1300-1500 mm), High Elevation (500 to 1000 m), Rainfed (AES-1).

32

Module 3. Name of the AES- Red and Yellow Soil, Moderate rainfall (1100-1300 mm), Moderate Irrigation (AES-2).

33

Module 4. Name of the AES- Red and Yellow Soil, Moderate rainfall (1100-1300 mm), Moderate Irrigation (AES-2).

35

List of figures

Sl. No. Title Page No. 1 Kandhamal district map 1 2 Administrative setup of Kandhamal district 2 3 Land utilisation pattern of Kandhamal district 4 4 Male & female population in block wise manner in Kandhamal district 5 5 SC & ST population in block wise manner of Kandhamal district 6

1

IMPROVING LIVELIHOOD AND DOUBLING INCOME OF FARMERS OF KANDHAMAL DISTRICT OF ODISHA: RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES

1. Background Information of the District “KANDHAMAL” district was created on 1st January‘ 1994 being separated from Boudh-Phulbani. It is recognized as a tribal district and bestowed with the beauty of nature. It has wild life, scenic beauty, healthy climate, and serpentine ghat roads for the tourists. It has attractions like panoramic coffee gardens, pine jungles, Ghats, hills and waterfalls, virgin forest and typical tribal village life. Most of the land area of the district is covered with dense forest and towering mountains which provides shelter to the inhabitants like Kondhas. The district is also famous for handicrafts such as Dokra, Terra Cotta, Cane and Bamboo works.

Fig 1. Kandhamal district map

Kandhamal District is located in the heart of Orissa stretching between 19°34’ & 20° 50' North latitude and 83° 30’ & 84° 48’ East longitude with an area of 8021 sq.km (8,02,100 ha). It is surrounded with Boudh district in the North, Rayagada district in the South, Ganjam & Nayagarh district in the East and Kalahandi district in the West. Kandhamal district comes under the North-Eastern Ghats Agro-Climatic Zone (Zone No. 5) of the state and the altitude ranges from 300 meters to 1100 meters from the Mean Sea level (MSL). Kandhamal District has Sub-tropical climate characterized by hot and dry summer, medium to high rainfall and prolonged cold and dry winter. For better governance and development, Kandhamal District has two Sub-Divisions, 12 Tahasils, 12 Panchayat Samitis (CD Blocks), 153 Gram Panchayats, one Municipal Council, two Notified Area Councils. In addition to this Kandhamal has one Parliamentary Constituency, three Assembly Constituencies. As per Census- 2011 total population of the district is 7,31,952 (1.11% of Odisha's Population). The male population of the district is 3,59,401(49.1%), whereas female population is 3,72,551(50.9%). The population density of the district is 91 and sex ratio of the district is 1000:1037.

2

Fig 2. Administrative Setup of Kandhamal District

Out of 8,02,100 hectares geographical area of the district, 71% of land is under forest cover. Land under non-agricultural use constitutes 1.77%. Cultivable waste land, permanent pasture and land under miscellaneous tree crops and grooves each constituting 7.24%, where the land comes under current fallows during 2012-13 & 2013-14 was 0.35%, which has decreased to 0.11% of the total land during 2014-15. Likewise, the net sown area during the year 2012-13 and 2013-14 was 15.57%, which has increased to 15.81% of total land during the year 2014-15.

.

3

Table

1. L

and

utilis

ation

of K

andh

amal

dist

rict.

(A

rea

in he

ctare

s)

Bloc

k Ge

ogra

phic

al ar

ea

Fore

st

Area

Land

Un

der

Non-

ag

ril.

Use

Culti

vabl

e wa

ste

Perm

anen

t pa

stur

es

Land

und

er

misc

ellan

eous

tre

e cro

ps

and

grov

es

Curre

nt

Fallo

ws

Othe

r Fa

llows

Net

sown

ar

ea

Gros

s cr

oppe

d ar

ea

Crop

ping

in

tens

ity

(%)

Phulb

ani

5407

5 40

548

790

1872

55

0 13

09

40

275

7160

10

524

147

Khaju

ripad

a 67

679

4901

7 94

0 11

65

1252

30

65

63

582

1040

2 16

239

156

Phirin

gia

1066

83

8052

5 76

0 24

12

966

2678

11

4 56

0 15

661

2085

9 13

3 G.

Uday

agiri

2914

3 19

836

584

0 0

146

26

402

8149

12

058

148

Tikab

ali

4866

3 34

406

930

309

24

1100

17

3 45

9 11

262

1613

0 14

3 Ch

akap

ad

4924

0 35

781

525

1130

62

7 80

0 13

71

2 96

52

1442

5 14

9 Ra

ikia

6083

8 37

834

320

1317

79

0 25

80

122

547

1336

3 17

519

131

K.Nu

agao

n 64

989

4927

7 87

2 20

10

350

1194

19

64

1 10

626

1586

5 14

9

Darin

gbad

i 94

372

8177

0 52

2 0

175

610

117

430

1074

8 16

310

152

Ballig

uda

6804

1 54

007

338

1206

20

0 15

60

33

430

9492

14

796

156

Tumu

diban

dha

6761

3 40

131

1380

30

2 24

50

2913

17

2 62

9 99

03

1533

1 15

5

Kotag

ada

9076

4 47

851

1142

25

22

2695

15

820

58

515

1042

2 15

114

145

Total

(D

istric

t) 80

2100

57

0983

91

03

1424

5 10

079

3377

5 95

0 61

82

1268

40

1851

70

146

4

Land Utilisation Pattern of Kandhamal districtForest area

Land under non‐agril use

Cultivable waste land

Permanent pastures

Land under miscellineous tree crops and groovesCurrent fallows

Other fallows

Net sown area

Fig 3. Land Utilisation Pattern of Kandhamal district

Table 2. Average rainfall, temperature and humidity of Kandhamal district on monthly basis.

Sl. No. Month

Rainfall Temperature (°C) Humidity (%)

No. of rainy days

Average rainfall (mm) Max Min Max Min

1 January 0.9 10.6 27 12 94 64 2 February 2.0 29.7 32 12 89 47 3 March 2.1 28.0 36 14 78 33 4 April 2.8 35.7 38 20 73 43 5 May 4.5 67.8 38 24 71 42 6 June 10.0 207.9 29 21 91 87 7 July 15.8 325. 30 22 92 88 8 August 15.5 1 29 21 91 87 9 September 12.2 330.8 21 20 90 84

10 October 6.0 239.1 30 17 91 77 11 November 1.5 117.7 28 13 91 72 12 December 0.4 31.0 28 8 90 63

Total 73.7 1424.3 - - - -

Average rainfall in the district is 1424.3 mm in 73.7 rainy days. The temperature of the district varies from 8°C to 38°C and humidity ranges from 38 to 94%.

5

Table 3. Demography of Kandhamal district.

General Population (As per the 2011 Census)

Block

Villages No.Of

Revenue Villages

Area (ha.)

No. of

G.P. Male Female Total S.C. S.T. In-

habitated Un-in

habitated

Phulbani 216 9 225 54075 11 40698 39796 80494 18702 28918

Khajuripada 241 8 249 67679 13 21174 21386 42560 14214 20188

Phiringia 414 22 436 106683 20 43504 45659 89163 15637 51880

G.Udayagiri 77 6 83 29143 8 23509 25337 48846 8081 25741

Tikabali 129 15 144 48663 11 23744 24965 48709 8780 26059

Chakapad 156 15 171 49240 11 11320 11432 22752 5174 10253

Raikia 138 12 150 60838 10 25798 27032 52830 6444 29660

K.Nuagaon 177 36 213 64989 11 26710 27989 54699 7042 29942

Daringbadi 271 23 294 94372 24 48762 51267 100029 7605 61879

Balliguda 243 13 256 68041 14 47634 49450 97084 9207 50757

Tumudibandha 214 8 222 67613 9 23494 24550 48044 7869 29058

Kotagada 143 3 146 90764 11 23598 24302 47900 6789 28485

Total (District) 2419 170 2589 802100 153 359945 373165 733110 115544 392820

Fig 4. Male & Female population in block wise manner in Kandhamal district

6

Fig 5. SC & ST population in block wise manner of Kandhamal district

2. Agro-Climatic Zone (ACZ) and Agro-Ecological Situation (AES) The Kandhamal district comes under ambit of North Eastern Ghat Zone. The climate of the district is sub tropical, characterized by hot & dry summer, sub-humid, medium to high rainfall, prolonged cold during winter. The average total rainfall of the district is 1424.3 mm distributed in 73.7 rainy days. Nearly 90% of rainfall is received by south-west monsoon. The temperature varies from 8°C to 38°C and humidity from 38% to 94%. There are two Agro-Ecological Situations, viz. (a) Brown Forest Soil, High rainfall (1300 to 1500 mm), High Elevation (500 to 1000 m), Rainfed and (b) Red & Yellow Soil, Moderate rainfall (1100 to 1300 mm) and Moderate Irrigation. 2.1. Irrigation Overall irrigation in Kandhamal district is 24.53% i.e. 31349 hectares which should be exploited for growing of the crops both in kharif and rabi. Table 4. Irrigation facility of Kandhamal district (Area in ha.).

Block Tanks/ WHS

Open Wells

Tube/ Bore Wells

Lift Irrigation Medium Minor

Other sources

Creek/ Major

Total

Nos. Area Nos. Area Nos. Area Nos. Area Nos. Area Nos. Area Area Area Nos. Area

Phulbani 77 571 444 178 91 182 41 820 0 106 8 740.07 873 0 661 3470 Khajuripada 70 440 648 259 89 178 34 668 1 1927 7 627.01 812 0 849 4911 Phiringia 49 443 622 249 64 128 75 1542 0 0 7 491.92 2212 0 817 5066 G.Udayagiri 49 554 310 124 0 0 12 252 0 0 5 706.78 128 0 376 1765 Tikabali 37 244 453 181 8 16 43 878 0 0 4 298.61 352 0 545 1970 Chakapad 89 526 402 161 35 70 32 644 0 0 6 924.63 127 0 564 2453 Raikia 97 538 297 119 12 24 18 368 0 0 7 378.18 334 0 431 1761 K.Nuagaon 48 339 245 98 17 34 34 684 0 0 8 1069.24 558 0 352 2782

7

2.2. Farming situations

Sl. No Agro climatic zone(ACZ) Agro ecological situation (AES) Block covered

1 North Eastern Ghat Zone

Brown Forest, High Rainfall (1300-1500mm), High Elevation (500 to 1000 m), Rain-fed (AES-1)

Phulbani, Phiringia, Baliguda,Tumudibandha, Kotagada, Daringbadi and K.Nuagaon

2 Red and Yellow Soil, Moderate Rainfall (1100-1300 mm), Moderate Irrigation (AES-2)

Chakapad, Tikabali, G.Udayagiri, Khajuripada and Raikia

2.3. Marketing One main market at Phulbani and submarket at Khajuripada should be constructed. At 12 block points, 12 nos of main market and at rest, 141 GP points sub markets should be established to provide platform to the rural farmers/ artisans to sell their goods / commodities/produces as to enhance production, increase agriculture/ allied sector growth. Table 5. Proposed marketing facilities (2015-16 & 2016-17).

Item Number

Investment (in lakhs) Main Sub

Daily Market 12 141 7500

3. Overview of Agriculture and Allied Sector in the District

3.1. Agriculture production system Kharif is the main cropping season in Kandhamal district and Paddy is the principal crop which occupies 39% of the total cultivated area of 127790 ha of land. Besides that, the other major crops like Maize, Arhar, Groundnut and Niger are grown in the 76% upland of the district. Agriculture production efficiency depends on seven basic inputs which lead to have a bumper harvest. These are seeds, fertiliser, pesticides, irrigation, farm implements, credit& technology.

Daringbadi 64 569 216 86 0 0 8 220 0 0 1 60.00 294 0 289 1229 Balliguda 69 570 610 244 22 44 52 1088 0 0 2 69.05 754 0 755 2769 Tumudibandha 49 259 395 158 0 0 52 1072 0 0 2 240.00 192 0 498 1921 Kotagada 34 229 286 114 0 0 23 480 0 0 1 280.00 150 0 344 1253

Total (District) 732 5282 4928 1971 338 676 424 8716 1 2033 58 5885.49 6786 0 6481 31349

8

Table 6. Area, production and yield of major crops in irrigated/ rainfed conditions during kharif Season.

Crops (Dist .

Figure)

Area (ha) Production (q) Yield (q/ha) Irrigated % Rainfed % Total Irrigated % Rainfed % Total Irrigated Rainfed Average

Paddy 17972 35.94 32028 64.06 50000 548146 38.06 891980 61.94 1440126 30.50 27.85 28.80

Maize 3625 21.36 13345 79.64 16970 55100 24.68 168147 75.32 223247 15.20 12.60 13.15

Arhar - - 4645 100 4645 - - 44638 100 44638 - 9.61 9.61

G.Nut 72 4.36 1578 95.64 1650 1307 4.74 26274 95.26 275881 18.15 16.65 16.72

Source: DDA, Kandhamal The crops like paddy covers 17972 ha, maize 3625 ha and groundnut 72 ha under irrigated condition, where as paddy covers 32028 ha, maize 13345 ha, arhar 4645 ha and groundnut 1578 ha under rainfed condition. The total production of paddy, maize, arhar and groundnut are 1440126 q, 223247 q, 44638 q and 275881 q, respectively during kharif season in the district. The average productivity of paddy, maize, arhar and groundnut are 28.8, 13.15, 9.61 and 16.72 q/ha, respectively. To overcome the situation like drought and disease pest attack etc. diversification from un-remunerative crops like upland Paddy to more remunerative crops like hybrid maize, pulse, vegetables, oilseeds and spices crops during kharif may be encouraged.

Table 7. Area, production and yield of major crops in irrigated/rainfed conditions during rabi season.

Crops (Dist .

Figure)

Area (ha) Production (q) Yield (q/ha)

Irrigated % Rainfed % Total Irrigated % Rainfed % Total Irrigated Rainfed Average

Paddy

620 100 0 0 620 20553 100 0 0 20553 33.15 0 33.15

Maize 130 100 0 0 130 1990 100 0 0 1990 15.31 0 15.31

Mustard 495 2.72 17675

(Residual Moisture)

97.28 18170 1970 4.36 43127 95.63 45097 3.98 2.44 3.21

O.Vegetable 4250 92.75 332 7.25 4582 426700 92.79 33134 7.21 459834 100.40 99.80 100.36 Source: DDA, Kandhamal

Cropping programme during rabi season is mainly confined to irrigated areas and areas having residual soil moisture. The irrigation potential of the district during rabi is 9252 ha i.e. 24.24% of total cultivated area. The crops such as mustard and pulses are grown to maximum extent with available soil moisture. whereas, crops like paddy, sunflower, potato, vegetables, onion, chilli etc. are grown in irrigated area. During rabi season the proportion of area producing vegetables is increased significantly. In Rabi season, most of the irrigated land is used for vegetable production. The total production of vegetables is around 459834 q in the district. However, the average productivity (q/ha) of paddy, maize, mustard and vegetables are 33.15, 15.31, 3.21 and 100.36, respectively. 3.2. Horticulture production system The major horticultural crops in Kandhamal district are mango, banana, citrus, brinjal, cauliflower cabbage, tomato, turmeric and ginger in the district. the maximum area coverage is for turmeric and mango. For these crops maximum area are irrigated for brinjal, cauliflower, tomato and cabbage, whereas maximum rainfed area covered for mango, turmeric and ginger. The average productivity of major horticultural crops is 15 to 30 t/ha in the district.

9

3.3. L

ivest

ock p

rodu

ctio

n sy

stem

Ta

ble

8. L

ivesto

ck in

form

atio

n of

Kan

dham

al di

stric

t (As

per

2012

cens

us).

Sr.

No.

Bloc

k

Area

und

er

Fodd

ers (

ha)

Cattl

e (No

s.)

Buffa

loes

(Nos

) Sh

eep

(No.

) Go

ats (

No.)

Poul

try (N

os)

Tota

l

Fodd

er

crop

s Gr

azin

g lan

d Cr

oss

bred

Indi

ge-

nous

Tota

l

Impr

ov

ed

Indig

enou

s

Tota

l Impr

o–ve

d In

dige

–no

us

To

tal

Im

pro

ved

Indi

g en

ous

To

tal

Cock

He

n Ch

icken

Desh

i Imp

Desh

i Im

p De

shi I

mp

1 Ph

ulban

i 0

3676

.40

543

2216

9 22

712

0 32

09

3209

15

37

9 39

4 0

2064

4 20

644

4525

157

886

36 1

551

9725

140

427

419

2 Ph

iringia

0

2906

.09

74

4898

4 49

058

0 69

35

6935

3

2393

239

6 0

4483

1 44

831

1255

2 36

9 17

644

517

3302

1 14

0965

512

3 Kh

ajurip

ada

0 15

47.07

16

8 29

007

2917

5 0

6376

63

76

0 43

4 43

4 0

2788

6 27

886

5376

78

95

80

85

1494

7 18

5 30

251

4 Ba

lligud

a 0

1236

0.82

335

2725

4 27

589

0 72

98

7298

0

278

278

0 27

952

2795

2 83

25 1

18 1

4012

216

225

32 1

78 4

5381

5 Ch

akap

ad

0 31

51.91

32

4 34

748

3507

2 0

5399

53

99

2 19

69 1

971

0 24

528

2452

8 42

34 9

28

8531

157

0 17

206

3367

3583

6

6 Da

ringb

adi

0 53

18.24

17

1 50

166

5028

7 0

4774

47

74

0 10

7 10

7 0

3004

5 30

045

1022

9 21

0 13

675

535

2457

1 12

3 49

343

7 G.

Uday

agiri

0 19

10.54

17

8 10

850

1102

8 0

1521

15

21

0 43

43

0

5770

57

70

1530

39

25

31

118

8834

113

214

184

8 Ko

tagar

h 0

2740

.92

37

2611

4 26

151

0 59

93

5993

26

15

33 1

559

0 15

368

1536

8 61

73

60

6175

64

12

841

24

2535

7

9 K.

Nua

gaon

0

5991

.25

127

2126

6 21

393

0 54

26

5426

0

93

93

0 13

089

1308

9 40

35 3

07

7512

69

6 10

261

454

2326

5

10

Raiki

a 0

2820

.01

55

2128

0 21

335

0 22

73

2273

0

23

23

0 97

75

9775

31

55 6

30

5835

145

1 11

393

516

2298

0

11

Tikab

ali

0 26

63.42

27

4 17

431

1770

5 0

3511

35

11

0 38

38

0

1114

1 11

141

2407

747

57

24

928

8741

11

7 18

664

12 T

umud

iband

ha

0 55

05.08

71

21

439

2151

0 0

7277

72

77

3 76

3 76

6 0

1698

6 16

986

6648

141

067

25

834

1026

0 26

9 26

146

TO

TAL

0 50

591.7

523

07

3307

08

3330

150

5999

2 59

992

49

8053

810

2 0

2480

15 2

4801

5 691

89 64

7410

6580

8585

1843

32 91

7838

4338

10

Out of the he total cattle population of Kandhamal district (333015), most of them are predominately indigenous (99%). All the available buffalo (59992) and goat (248015) population are indigenous but some improved sheep population (0.6%). The total poultry population is 384338, however, the improved poultry population is very marginal. The livestock and poultry keepers are landless and marginal farmers. So, more families should be encouraged for poultry farming. The SC/ST/women should be encouraged for poultry farming. Training, capacity building and exposure programmes should be encouraged among the farmers.

3.4. Fishery production system In Kandhamal district, 772 inland pond units are available in which Indian major carps (IMC) are cultured yielding 20.34 q/ha. There is one reservoir in Khajuripada block where mostly Catla, Rohu and Mrigal are cultured. Proper management should be taken to reduce the gap in the yield. Special SHG, Primary Fisherman Co-operative Society (PFCS) and private entrepreneur should be encouraged commercially to go for fish production. 3.5. Natural Resource Management System Land, water, forest and minerals and bio-diversity are natural resources of the Kandhamal district which has been gradually degraded. 3.6. Agricultural Marketing System

• Due to poor socio-economic condition of the tribal farmers, marketed surplus often exceeds marketable surplus.

• Exploitation of village money lenders, middle men and exchange of commodities in the barter system are found in the district.

• Basically agricultural products like vegetables, turmeric, ginger, forest products, livestock, fish etc. are sold in the local market.

• Unregulated weight and measures, lack of grading and standardisation, lack of storage facility, lack of farm organisation are the key features of the existing market system in the district.

• As agricultural marketing plays an important and crucial roll in agricultural development and market accessibility of farmers and market information are very sensitive issues. For appropriate marketing intervention, study of existing marketing is required.

• So strategy may be initiated to go for local market, daily retail market, weakly market and sub market for better dispose of produces of farmers of Kandhamal district.

4. Agriculture Support Services 4.1. Details of Credit Institutions in the District Table 9. Credit institutions in Kandhamal district.

Sr. No. Name of Block

No. of institutions Total Commercial

Banks RRBs Cooperative PACS Others

1 Baliguda 5 1 1 2 9 2 Chakapad 3 - - 2 - 5 3 Daringibadi 5 2 - 2 - 9

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Sr. No. Name of Block

No. of institutions Total Commercial

Banks RRBs Cooperative PACS Others

4 G.uadayagiri 3 1 1 2 - 7 5 K.nuagaon 2 - - 3 - 5 6 Khajuripada 1 1 - 2 - 4 7 Kotgarh 1 1 - 1 - 3 8 Phiringia 3 1 - 3 - 7 9 Phulbani 19 1 2 1 - 23 10 Raikia 2 1 1 2 - 6 11 Tikabali 3 1 1 2 - 7 12 Tumudibandha 1 2 - 2 - 5

Total 48 12 6 24 90 The credit institutions of Kandhamal district are involved in multitasking activity i.e. input supply and supply of loans to farmers. The credit should be release in time before onset of cropping season so as to enable farmer for better production. In the district there are 48 commercial banks, 12 RRBs, six co-operative and 24 PACs are available.

4.2. District Income Kandhamal has an agriculture based economy and agriculture, horticulture, animal husbandry, forest produce trading and tourism are the mainstay of the economy. Urban population is negligible and the district covers 5.15% of the geographical area of state. It has the lowest population density and is inhabited by tribes. The district is major producer of ginger, turmeric and has created a name for itself in India for spice cultivation. It contributes to states economy through production of cups and plates made by Sal leaves.

5. SWOT analysis of the district 5.1. Strengh & weakness 5.1.1. Agriculture Strength

• The soil and climate is very suitable for agricultural crops in the district as 75% of land are coming under

high land. The non-paddy crops like Maize, Pulses, Oilseeds, Tuber crops, Vegetables and Spices can be taken up successfully.

• As this district is having forest land of 2,68,337 ha (35.08%) of total geographical area which adds more organic carbon and organic residues to the soil which provides large scope for organic farming in the district.

• The large network of the streams and nallahs i.e. 6786 ha can be exploited to augment protective irrigation potential.

• Soil and water conservation structures such as Nallah bund, Graded bund, Bench terracing, Farm pond can be constructed to utilise natural resources.

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• Large scale minor forest produces with tremendous scope for adding organic matter to the soil which encourages to take more remunerative crops to the upland.

• Large number of human resource i.e., BLTAs, BTMs, Krushak Sathis, VAWs, AOs and agricultural officers can be exploited for implementation of schemes and programmes.

• More numbers of tractors, power tillers, diesel pumpsets, sprinklers and spayers etc. have been supplied to the farmers of the Kandhamal district under various schemes which can be utilised for better production of agriculture.

Weakness

• Low literacy and abject poverty. • Stray cattle menance. • Small, undulated and fragmented land holding. • More than 70% of the soil is acidic in nature. • Lack of railway network. • Lack of industrial infrastructure.

5.1.2. Horticulture Strength

• The soil and climate is very suitable for every agro-horticultural activity. • The large network of streams and nallahs can be exploited to take up horticultural activity • Five to six large nurseries are available in the district for sufficient production of planting materials. • Horticulture Training Institute (HTI) is located in G. Udayagiri to impart training for skill development. • One KASAM institute in the district having 12000 members to go for organic farming in the district. • Under National Horticulture Mission, 4000 ha organic farming has been taken up which may be

facilitated for organic produce. • During last 4 to 5 years more than 10000 ha of Mango plantation has been taken up under NREGS in

the district, which is a base for future small scale industry. • 50000 sqm. of shednet house has been created in the district for year round cultivation of horticultural

crops in the district. Weakness

• Poor economic condition of the farmers. • Stray cattle menance. • In-adequate irrigation facilities. • Lack of manpower. • Small and fragmented land holdings. • Ignorance of possession of their own land holding. • Poor marketing facilities for the horticultural produce. • Lack of storage godown, cold storage and processing unit. • Poor financial assistance by the Nationalised Banks and other financial institutions.

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Kandhamal is a hidden treasure of organic spices. KASAM has taken up systematic steps for certification of the area. In each SDS record, like land records, input record and production records for each individual member is maintained every year

Apart from export, KASAM has taken steps to provide organic turmeric powder to domestic customers in consumer packs in collaboration with OMFED, Odisha. Apart from turmeric, organic ginger slices, powder, mustard and tamarind are also sold by KASAM.

Turmeric, Ginger are two most important spices crops grown in the state, specifically by the tribals. Turmeric is a cash crop grown by Kondha tribes of Kandhamal district and Langi Kondha of Gajapati district. The crop is grown with organic manures without any chemical fertilisers by the tribals by their indigenous methods of crop production. It has now attracted the attention of foreign markets. The production of these crops is being increased by integrating indigenous and modern technology. Improved varieties like roma, surama, lacdone, ranga, rasmi are being introduced and the produces are hygienically processed by adopting improved technology. Demand for flowers is also growing rapidly in the state. Though floriculture in the state is in infant stage, an increasing trend in cultivation of flowers is marked. Marigold, tuberose, gladiolus, jasmine, chrysanthemum, lotus and chhampa are important flowers grown throughout the state, specifically around the townships. The state still depends largely on neighbouring states as far as its demand is concerned. Kewda flowers mostly collected from Ganjam district are very famous for extraction of essential oil. The paddy and turmeric are the most common commodity processing units in the market area. However, no cold storage is available though daily dispatches to outside markets are 12 MT & 14 MT during the off-season and peak period, respectively. The unit quotation price is very less in each commodity which needs to be increased. The marketing time functioning is in between 9 AM to 5 PM on cash payment basis. This may lead to transactional disputes so it may be converted to cashless transaction.

5.1.3. Livestock Goatery: The local goat breed of Kandhamal is Baiganfulia, which is similar to Black Bengal goat. The meat of the goat is recognized in Odisha as Kandhamal Khasi Meat which is palatable. The goat usually give twin and sometimes triplet births. About 20000 and more farmers maintain their livelihood through goat farming. Poultry: The tribal people of the district are rearing indigenous poultry bird and the strength is about 4 lakhs birds in the district. The birds lay less number of eggs and ignorance of the farmer led to high mortality rate due to viral diseases like Ranikhet disease. So it needs capacity building, training and exposure and promotes the poultry production through colour bird rearing for improvement of socio-economic status of the tribal farmer. 5.1.4. Fisheries The Kandhamal district is covered by 71% forest & hilly area, the rainwater goes downward that led to the huge scarcity of water. Pisciculture activity is not practiced intensively at village level. Some of the areas having inland water resources i.e. private tanks, gp tanks/community tanks, MIPs, LIPs, reservoirs which offer the scope of pisciculture and could be a viable source of income for individuals as well as for the community in the long run, if appropriate measures taken for storage of water throughout the year. The rural people of this district are interested in digging of ponds and fish culture. Strength

• General: Large forest cover (71%), forest produce, handicrafts, several tourist attraction, ecotourism spots, low density of population, free from pollution, willingness of community and PRI to accept development initiatives.

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• Agriculture and allied Sector: Favourable Agro-climate with prolonged cool weather, suitable for

horticulture and spices, vegetables, large network of streams and nallahs, rich indigenous agrarian tradition, organic farming culture.

Weakness

• General: large-scale poverty (78% BPL), Low literacy (52%), Female literacy still lower (36%), sparse communication facility, low entrepreneurship skills. Inadequate health infrastructure, limited value addition to NTFP, no possibility of large industries.

• Agriculture and allied Sector: Small fragmented holding, traditional seeds, low fertilizer use (6

kg/ha), inadequate marketing facility, poor post-harvest and processing facility. Opportunity

• General: Youth force and active SHGs in villages, NTFP trading and availability, tourism potential, promotion as cultural, adventure and eco tourism hotspot.

• Agriculture and allied sector: rain water management, high value crops, horticulture,

medicinal plants, condiments & spices, vegetables, tree borne oilseeds, ARD and fishery. Threat

• General: Abject poverty and deprivation, health hazards, poor road and rail network, inadequate health care facility, naxal and caste-community conflicts, law and order situation.

• Agriculture and allied sector: Sloppy uplands (71%), high uncontrolled runoff, hostile undulating

terrain, exploitation of primary producer, turmeric and ginger being controlled by select middle men. 5.2. Main Thrust Areas in Kandhamal District

Sl. No. Major Thrust Areas 1 Soil health & fertility management 2 Non-land enterprises 3 Soil and water conservation 4 Crop substitution & cropping system 5 Low cost production techniques 6 Weed management 7 Pest & disease management 8 Marketing awareness 9 Dryland farming 10 Fruit & vegetable cultivation 11 Backyard poultry rearing 12 Processing and value addition of fruits, vegetables, spices and forest produces

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6. AES specific issues and opportunities for development of different production systems viz. Agriculture, Horticulture, Livestock, Fisheries and Natural resources

6.1. Agriculture

6.1.1. Management of Technologies: Issues

• Lack of awareness due to low literacy and poor access to technology.

• Predominance of small and marginal farmers creating hindrance for farm mechanisation.

• Poor seed replacement rate (SRR).

• Late adoption of modern technologies.

• Lack of skill on value addition and processing of agricultural and allied sector produce Opportunities

• Seed replacement rate (SRR) may be enhanced through promotion of new technology.

• Use of soil test based recommended fertilizer.

• IPM, INM, IWM may be enhanced.

• Skill development programme may be taken up for the SHG. 6.1.2. Management of Inputs Issues

• Timely supply of inputs as desired by the farmers.

• Supply of variety as per the demand of the farmers.

• Low fertilizer consumption.

• Non availability of bio-fertilizer production unit. Opportunities

• Initiation of seed village programme.

• Production of organic inputs at farmer’s level.

• Promotion of soil testing through progressive farmers to create awareness.

• Initiative may be taken for distribution of the certified seeds among all the farmers produced by them. 6.1.3. Management of Markets Issues

• Involvement of the middle men exploiting poor farmers.

• Non availability of sub market at Block level.

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• Distress sale of horticultural produce due to non-availability of daily retail market and weekly market at GP level.

• Lack of processing unit for perishable agricultural produce.

• Lack of cold storage and pack house.

• Lack of marketing facility of sericultural produce at district level for open auction sale. Opportunities

• Establishment of daily retail market and weekly market at GP level.

• Establishment of cold storage and processing unit at Block level.

• Provision of mobile refrigerated van for transportation of perishable commodity.

• Minimum support price to be fixed for each crop.

• Infrastructure to be formed for communication of market intelligence among the farmers well in advance.

• Formation of farmer’s federation for marketing of Sericultural produce.

• Formation of farmer’s producer group with the assistance of NABARD 6.1.4. Management of Services Issues

• Lack of well equipped training centre at Block level for knowledge upgradation of the farming communities.

• Non-availability of Agri-Clinics at GP level.

• Non-availability of Mobile Diagnostic Unit.

• Poor transportation and communication availability at village and GP level.

• Non availability of soil testing laboratory at Block level.

• Stray cattle menace. Opportunities

• Establishment of well equipped training centre and Agri-Clinics at GP and Block level.

• Transportation and well communication may be enhanced.

• Provision may be taken for establishment of Soil Testing Laboratory, Agro-Clinic and Mobile Diagnostic Unit at Block level.

• Kisan Mobile Service (KMS) may be strengthened.

• Internet Kiosks centres may be installed at GP level.

• Establishment of Kisan Call Centre (KCC) with 24 hours of service to the farmers at district level.

• Construction of community cow-shed at village level.

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6.1.5. Management of Infrastructures Issue

• Non-availability of market yard and soil testing laboratories at Block level. • Non-availability of storage godown at GP level. • Lack of cold storage and processing unit for agricultural produce. • Lack of micro nutrient analysis laboratories at KVK and district headquarters. • Lack of seed processing unit and bio-fertilizer production unit. • Lack of well equipped training centre at GP level. • Lack of processing and value addition unit at KVK, Kandhamal

Opportunities

• Provision may be made for construction of cold storage and processing unit such as dal processing unit, rubber roll sheller for scented rice, oil extraction mill, power operated maize sheller, mushroom processing unit etc. for agricultural produce.

• Establishment of micro nutrient analysis laboratories at KVK level along with seed processing unit and bio-fertilizer production unit at district level.

• Promotion of vermi-compost production unit with vermi hatchery.

• Establishment of Agro-Service Centre at GP level.

• Establishment of Agri-Museum at KVK, Kandhamal. • Establishment of well equipped processing and value addition unit at KVK, Kandhamal.

6.2. Horticulture

6.2.1. Management of Technologies Issues

• Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) to the accounts of the beneficiary yet not adopted. • Lack of awareness due to low literacy and poor access to technology. • Predominance of small and marginal farmers creating hindrance for farm mechanisation. • Late adoption of modern technologies. • Lack of skill on value addition and processing of agricultural and allied sector produce

Opportunities

• Promotion of hybrid planting materials may be enhanced through dissemination of new technology. • Use of soil test based recommended fertilizer. • IPM, INM, IWM may be enhanced. • Skill development programme may be taken up for the SHG. • Promotion of community based nursery at GP level. • Promotion of off-season vegetables cultivation. • Promotion of organic spices and vegetables production.

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6.2.2. Management of Inputs Issues

• Timely supply of inputs as desired by the farmers.

• Supply of variety as per the demand of the farmers.

• Low fertilizer consumption.

• Non-availability of bio-fertilizer production unit.

Opportunities

• Initiation of community nursery at GP level.

• Production of organic inputs at farmer’s level.

• Promotion of soil testing through progressive farmers to create awareness.

• Initiative may be taken for distribution of sufficient quality planting materials to the farmers.

• Emphasis should be given to LAMPCS/ PACS for providing horticultural inputs.

6.2.3. Management of Markets Issues

• Distress sale and fluctuation in market price of the spices.

• Involvement of the middle man exploiting poor farmers.

• Non-availability of sub market at Block level.

• Distress sale of horticultural produce due to non availability of daily retail market and weekly market at GP level.

• Lack of processing unit for perishable horticultural produce.

• Lack of cold storage and pack house. Opportunities

• Minimum support price for spices may be fixed.

• Establishment of daily retail market and weekly market at GP level.

• Establishment of cold storage and processing unit at Block level.

• Provision of mobile refrigerated van for transportation of perishable commodity.

• Minimum support price to be fixed for each crop.

• Infrastructure to be formed for communication of market intelligence among the farmers well in advance.

• Formation of farmer’s producer group with the assistance of NABARD.

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6.2.4. Management of Services Issues


• Poor transportation and communication availability at village and GP level.

• Stray Cattle Menace. Opportunities

• Transportation and well communication may be enhanced.

• Kisan Mobile Service (KMS) may be strengthened.

• Internet Kiosks centres may be installed at GP level.

• Establishment of Kisan Call Centre (KCC) with 24 hours of service to the farmers at district level.

• Construction of community cow-shed at village level. 6.2.5. Management of Infrastructures Issue

• Non availability of storage go down at GP level.

• Lack of cold storage and processing unit for horticultural produce.

• Lack of seed processing unit and bio-fertilizer production unit.

• Lack of well equipped training centre at GP level. Opportunities

• Promotion of vermi-compost production unit with vermi hatchery.

• Establishment of Agro-Service Centre at GP level.

• Promotion of micro-irrigation system

• Promotion of excavation of farm ponds/dug well through MGNREGA scheme.

6.2.6. Management of Technologies Issues

• Emphasis should be given on more Veterinary Service Institutions at GP level

• Emphasis should be given on more Training Centre at Block level

• Emphasis should be given on more manpower in the district

• Emphasis should be given on more technology dissemination in entire district

• Emphasis should be given on more awareness among the people in entire district

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Opportunities

• Favourable agro-climatic conditions like huge vegetations for veterinary activities like diary, poultry and goatery production.

• Two National Highways i.e. Ranchi-Vijayawada Corridor and Raipur-Gopalpur Corridorare running through the district provide good marketing facilities.

• Availability of advanced technologies like artificial insemination, a goat breeding farm in 17 acres of land, infrastructure of OMFED, two poultry hatchery, one well equipped laboratory, two sub-divisional veterinary hospitals.


• More than 90% of veterinary institutions are not provided with electrification, water facilities, boundary wall and office building & quarters for staff. So that, local public encroaches the land and the staffs are not interested to serve in the district.

• There is no electricity, so it is difficult to maintain the cold chain for immunisation programme.

• As there is no water facility, fodder demonstration is not possible for dairy and other livestock development.

• No modern and hygienic meat processing plants are available along with value addition and marketing.

• No cold storage and milk union in the district is available.

Opportunities

• Tapping of unused land & water to promote livestock and fodder farming.

• Activating women SHG and farmers group.

• Favourable agro-climatic condition for dairy, poultry and goatery farming. 6.2.8. Management of Markets Issues

• The OMFED, OPOLOFED, JK Trust and BAIF Organisation are not available in the district.

• No farmers’ co-operative societies for goatery, dairy and poultry is available in the district. Opportunities

• The OMFED, OPOLOFED, JK Trust and BAIF Organisation to be promoted in the district for dairy development.

• Farmers co-operative societies for goatery, dairy and poultry to be established in the district.

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• Inadequate staffs.

• Inadequate infrastructure.

Opportunity

• Special emphasis has been given by Govt. of Odisha for improvement of Kandhamal district. 6.2.10. Management of Infrastructures Issue


Opportunity

• Special importance should be given.

6.3. Natural resources 6.3.1. Management of Technologies Issues

• Undulated topography.

• Loss of runoff water.

• Un-bounded and sloppy lands thereby causing soil erosion.

• Lack of awareness due to low literacy and poor access to technology.

• Sustainable issues on soil and water conservation. Opportunities

• Un-bounded lands may be bunded to restrict surface flow water.

• Promotion of graded bounding, contour bounding, terracing, bench terracing, field bounding.

• Harvesting of runoff water by constructing water harvesting structure/ check dams.

• Capacity building and awareness programmes may be taken up for better access of technology.

• Construction of farm pond. 6.3.2. Management of Inputs Issue

• Inadequate funds.

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Opportunity

• Provision of sufficient financial assistance. 6.3.3. Management of Markets Issue

• Lack of marketing facility for non-timber forest produce.

Opportunities

• Scope for large scale coffee plantation by the farmers.

• Scope for large scale plantation of hill broom.

• Black pepper plantation may be encouraged.

• Scope for intercropping of shade loving crop like turmeric, ginger, colocasia and pineapple. 6.3.4. Management of Services Issues

• Lack of manpower.


Opportunities

• Skill up gradation to the farmers regarding non-timber forest products (NTFP).

• Promotion of agro-forestry, agri-horti-silvi pasture, IFS model. 6.3.5. Management of Infrastructures Issues


• Non availability of storage godown at GP level.

• Lack of processing unit for NTFP.

Opportunities

• Series of shrunken structure/ percolation tank/ farm pond/ WHS may be taken up from top to bottom approach for conservation of runoff water.

• Drainage line treatments may be adopted.

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6.4. Fisheries

6.4.1. Management of Technology Issues

• Inadequate water bodies in the district.

• Inadequate field functionaries to monitor the schemes.

• Lack of training centre at block & district level.

• Lack of hatchery unit for supply of quality fish seed. Opportunities

• Tapping of huge unutilised ground water and surface flow water.

• Activation of women SHG under Mission Shakti.

• Impart training to Primary Fishermen Co-operative Societies (PFCS) members on modern technology for scientific pisciculture.

• Potential for development of pisciculture due to favourable agro-climatic condition.


• Locally fingerlings or yearlings are not available.

• Departmental transportation facility is not available at district level.

• Lack of manpower for distribution and management of inputs. Opportunities

• Renovation of old hatchery.

• Opening of Aqua shop.

• Provision of transportation facility may be made. 6.4.3. Management of Markets Issue

• No infrastructure for marketing. Opportunity

• Two nos of National Highways i.e. Ranchi-Vijayawada Corridor and Raipur-Gopalpur Corridor are running through the district which provides good marketing facilities.

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• Inadequate manpower.

• Lack of training centres.

• No conveyance facilities. Opportunities

• Skill upgradation.

• Creation of perennial water bodies.

• Training centres may be established at district level for capacity building.

• Financial assistance may be arranged for conveyance facilities. 6.4.5. Management of Infrastructures Issues

• Inadequate financial assistant for existing infrastructure.

• Inadequate manpower for the existing infrastructure.

• Inadequate perennial water bodies.

• Insufficient provision of leasing of the water bodies. Opportunities

• Expansion of water bodies.

• Renovation of existing water bodies.

• Provision to be made for leasing of the water bodies.

• Provision should be made for supply of water testing kits, pump sets, transportation taxi, ice box, establishment of fish feed mill for improvement of fish production.

7. Strategies for Development of Production Systems 7.1. Agriculture

7.1.1. Agriculture Production System

• Stray cattle menace should be avoided by constructing community cowshed at village level.

• Increasing use of location specific high yielding & hybrid seeds and cultivation of short duration crops.

• Creating awareness and confidence among the farmers for crop diversification from paddy to more remunerative non-paddy crops in uplands.

• Encouraging cultivation of pulses and oilseeds as mixed cropping in the rainfed farming system to avoid crop failure during drought and flood like situation.

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• Timely pre-positioning of the inputs like seeds, fertilizer, pesticides, tools-implements in adequate quantities.

• Encouraging farm mechanisation to reduce human drudgery and cost of production by providing subsidy to the farmers.

• To increase the fertilizer consumption from 6.86 to 16.61 kg/ha.

• Creating awareness among the farmers for soil testing and application of soil test based fertilizer to maintain soil health for higher production.

• Greater emphasis may be given for amelioration of acid soils for higher crop productivity.

• IPM has been enshrined as a cardinal principle for plant protection over crop production.

• Thrust on Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) approach should be emphasised for sustainable production.

• Integrated Weed Management (IWM) should be emphasised for increasing production in agriculture and horticulture crops.

• Expansion of irrigation potential by increasing captive irrigation resources.

• To disseminate the latest crop production technology at the door steps of farmers through effective extension techniques and educating farmers through field demonstration and training.

• Promotion of organic farming by use of vermi-compost, green manuring, bio-fertilizer and other organic inputs.

• To encourage the farmers to avail agricultural credit for remunerative crops. 7.2. Horticulture 7.2.1. Horticulture Production System

• Stray cattle menace should be avoided by constructing community cowshed at village level.

• Increasing use of location specific high yielding & hybrid planting materials and cultivation of more remunerative fruit crops.

• Timely pre-positioning of the inputs like planting material, fertilizer, pesticides, tools/implements in adequate quantities.

• Encouraging farm mechanisation to reduce human drudgery and cost of production by providing subsidy to the farmers.

• Fertilizer Use Efficiency (FUE) should be increased for horticultural crop productivity.

• Emphasis should be given for IPM in horticultural crop production. • Thrust on Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) approach should be emphasised for sustainable

production. • Protected cultivation should be encouraged. • To disseminate the latest crop production technology at the door steps of farmers through effective

extension techniques and educating farmers through field demonstration and training.

• Promotion of organic farming by use of vermi-compost, green manuring, bio-fertilizer and other organic inputs.

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7.3. Natural Resource Management System

• Developing wastelands/ degraded lands, drought prone areas on watershed basis keeping in view the capability of land, site condition and local needs.

• Promotion of overall economic development and improving the socio-economic condition of the rural poor such as women SHG and user groups of the projects.

• Mitigating the adverse effects of erratic climatic condition such as drought and diversification of crops, human and livestock population of their overall improvement.

• Restoring ecological balance by harnessing conserving and developing natural resource i.e. land, water, vegetative cover etc.

• Encourage village community for; o Sustained community action for the operation and maintenance of assets created. o Simple easy and affordable solutions and institutional arrangements that make use of

and build upon local technical knowledge and available materials.

• Employment generation, poverty alleviation community empowerment and development of human and other economic resources of human and other economic resource of the village.

• Convergence of the different govt. schemes such as MGNREGS, NHM etc. for livelihood support and land based programme for the rural farmers.

7.4. Livestock 7.4.1. Livestock Production System

• Promotion of cross breeding through artificial insemination and selective breeding in natural service.

• Proper treatment and diagnosis system

• Promotion of better feeding and housing

• Awareness programme for farmers for vaccination 7.5. Fisheries 7.5.1. Fisheries Production System

• To boost fish production of the district by increasing feasible water bodies as well as by implementation of scientific method of pisciculture in private and G.P. tanks, MIPs and reservoirs.

• To produce disease free pure quality fish seed and to provide them to fish farmers at reasonable rate.

• To develop unutilized water logging, derelict water bodies or low productive, low lying land into a cultivable status by excavation/renovation providing technical assistance through bankable scheme with subsidy under FFDA/ NFDB for promotion of pisciculture in the district.

• To motivate/train the unemployed youth/ fish farmers/entrepreneurs/ PFCS members towards scientific method of pisciculture that provides self employment to the unemployed, through suitable awareness camp, training and exposure visit and also by providing subsidy.

• To strengthen the rural women organizations such as SHGs providing gainful employment through pisciculture in GP tanks.

• To strengthen traditional fish farmers through adoption of intensive/ composite/ integrated fish farming.

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• To strengthen the traditional fishermen with advanced method of fish catching from rivers, canals, MIPs, reservoirs etc. by providing fishing equipments i.e. boat and net through bank linkage with subsidy under different schemes.

• To stimulate entrepreneurship in fisheries sector for establishment of hatchery and production of quality seed, establishment of fish feed unit, one stop aqua shop to provide critical inputs for scientific pisciculture.

• To provide insurance coverage among fishermen community by implementing Janashree Bima Yojana, Group Accident Insurance Scheme for their future social security.

8. Strategies for development of Agri-Marketing System (AES specific)

8.1. Agriculture 8.1.1. Agriculture Marketing

• Due to poor socio-economic condition of the tribal farmers, marketed surplus often exceeds marketable surplus.

• Exploitation of village money lenders, middle men and exchange of commodities in the barter system are found in the district.

• Basically agricultural products like vegetables, turmeric, ginger, forest products, livestock, fish etc. are sold in the local market.

• Unregulated weight and measures, lack of grading and standardisation, lack of storage facility, lack of farm organisation are the key features of the existing market system in the district.

• As agricultural marketing plays an important and crucial role in agricultural development and market accessibility of farmers and market information are very sensitive issues. For appropriate marketing intervention, study of existing marketing is required.

8.1.2. Scope for value addition

• There is limited example of processing and value addition currently in the district and it needs a thrust in the current plan, example- The agriculture product like turmeric, ginger, mustard and potato are processed in the processing unit at Bandhaguda of Phiringia Block and Samanwita at G. Udayagiri Block with a capacity in use of 50 kg per hour.

• The district has huge potential for agro-processing and value addition due to presence of horticulture crops.

• There is possibility of processing unit for fruits, ketchup and jam, ginger and turmeric paste besides medicinal plants and forest products like Sal leaf plates and cups. There is proposal to develop export processing zone in the district which should come up during current plan.

• The district administration should invite private players to participate in such initiatives. 8.1.3. Scope for Public Private Partnership (Contract Farming)

• The district has immense potential for private investment in agriculture and allied sector where community is also involve. The leading NGO KASAM has shown exemplary work in this regard. However, models on public private community partnership must be drawn and private players should be invited to participate in an organised manner to make this initiative successful. The areas of possibility include medicinal plant garden, export processing zone for spices and condiments including ginger and

28

turmeric, processing units for jack-fruits, citrus, lemon and papaya, organic vegetable farming and farming on floriculture, forest produce and oil extraction unit etc.

8.1.4. Strengthening of SHG/ Voluntary Institution Participation

• SHG movement is very active in Kandhamal and there is strong presence of organisations working with the community in the voluntary sector. The PPP initiatives should be linked with the SHGs to take the best advantage of local knowledge, skills and manpower. Further, these groups can be organised to make micro-enterprises based on agriculture and allied sectors with a private agency or civil society facilitating the market linkage and business activity. Crop diversifications like the maize experiment by agriculture department can be replicated. Credit institutions can be involved in this activity and NABARD as the leading agency can finance the SHGs to undertake such initiatives.

8.2. Horticulture

• Contract farming on potato, mariegold can be taken up in PPP mode.

• Promotion of FPO (Farmers Producer Organisation) may be increased.

• Processing and value adding of turmeric at farmer’s level.

• Arrangement of one processing unit through KASAM may be established.

8.3. Livestock 8.3.1. Goat meat processing plant

• The profile envisages the establishment of a plant for processing of goat meat and its value added products with marketing in a capacity of 1 ton/day i.e. on an average 100 goats per day initially. This may be increased on the basis of demand upto 2 ton/day. The raw material will be available from Kandhamal district through goat farmers’ development society.

8.4. Fisheries

• Production of dry fish.

• Supply of ice box.

• Cleaning, sorting, grading and packing for value addition.

• Leasing of water bodies in PPP mode.

• Supply of transportation taxi for fish farmers.

• Establishment of one-stop Aqua shop to provide critical inputs.

• Promotion of Mobile Advisory Services.

29

9. Ac

tion

plan

for d

oubl

ing

farm

ers’

inco

me o

f KVK

, Kan

dham

al (O

UAT)

, Odi

sha

9.1. B

asic

info

rmat

ion

of th

e dist

rict

•

Total

cultiv

ated a

rea

: 1

,28,00

0 ha

Up

land

: 96,0

00 ha

(75 %

)

Mediu

m lan

d

: 2

1,000

ha (

16.4%

)

Low

land

: 11,0

00 ha

(8.6

%)

• Ar

ea so

wn du

ring k

harif

: 1

,25,36

0 ha

• Ar

ea so

wn du

ring r

abi

: 4

1,500

ha

• Cr

oppin

g inte

nsity

: 176

%

• So

il typ

e

:R

ed la

teritic

& ye

llowi

sh br

own f

ores

t soil

•

Irriga

tion p

otenti

al (h

a)

Khar

if

: 3

5671

ha

Ra

bi

: 172

11 ha

9.2. M

ajor c

rops

Na

me o

f Cro

p

Khar

if

Rabi

Su

mm

er

Area

(h

a)

Yield

(t/h

a)

Area

(h

a)

Yield

(t/

ha)

Area

(h

a)

Yield

t/h

a)

Padd

y 45

720

2.348

-

- 34

0 3.9

Ma

ize

1697

0 2.1

27

180

1.889

-

- Ar

har

4500

0.8

98

- -

- -

Grou

ndnu

t 16

50

1.334

30

1.4

96

- -

Turm

eric

13

760

9.557

-

- -

- Ni

ger

1091

0 0.3

28

- -

- -

Kulth

i -

- 13

910

0.382

-

- Gi

nger

29

90

8.67

- -

- -

Blac

k gra

m

472

0.308

27

0 0.4

32

- -

Musta

rd

- -

1817

0 0.3

18

- -

Nam

e of A

ES

AES

feat

ures

Bl

ocks

cove

red

AE

S-1

Brow

n for

est, h

igh ra

infall

(130

0-15

00mm

), Hi

gh E

levati

on

(500

to 10

00 m

), ra

infed

Ph

ulban

i, Phir

ingia,

Bali

guda

,Tum

udiba

ndha

,Kota

gada

,Dar

ingba

di an

d K.N

uaga

on

AES-

2 Re

d and

yello

w so

il, mo

dera

te ra

infall

(110

0-13

00 m

m),

Mode

rate

irriga

tion.

Ch

akap

ad, T

ikaba

li, G.

Uday

agiri,

Kha

juripa

da an

d Raik

ia

30

10. S

umm

ary o

f mod

ules

for d

oubl

ing

farm

ers’

inco

me

Modu

les

Farm

ing

situa

tion/

AES

Exist

ing

farm

ing

syst

em

Prop

osed

farm

ing

syst

em

Villa

ge/b

lock

Pr

esen

t in

com

e 20

15-1

6

Prop

osed

in

com

e 20

18-1

9

Rem

arks

Modu

le-1

Rainf

ed up

land

land

(AES

-I)

Turm

eric-

fallo

w +p

oultry

+mus

hroo

m+

goate

ry

Turm

eric

–fal

low+p

oultry

+mus

hroo

m

1-Vi

llage

-Gun

ji Ga

on

Bloc

k-Da

ringib

adi

Rs.63

220/-

Rs

.1115

70/-

•

Stra

y catt

le me

nace

durin

g ra

bi

• Lo

w irr

igatio

n pote

ntial

• un

avail

abilit

y of s

uffici

ent

chick

s •

lack o

f mar

ket fa

cility

Modu

le-2

Rainf

ed M

edium

lan

d (AE

S-I)

Rice

-fallo

w +p

oultry

+mus

hroo

m Ri

ce-ch

ickpe

a+po

ultry+

mush

room

Vi

llage

- Ba

ndag

uda,

Bl

ock-K

. Nu

agao

n

Rs.12

030/-

Rs

.8667

0/-

• St

ray c

attle

mena

ce du

ring

rabi

•

Low

irriga

tion p

otenti

al •

unav

ailab

ility o

f suff

icien

t ch

icks

• lac

k of m

arke

t facil

ity

Modu

le-3

Mediu

m lan

d –irr

igated

(AES

-II)

Fallo

w-mu

stard

+p

oultry

+mus

hroo

m+

goate

ry

Blac

kgra

m-mu

stard

-gr

eeng

ram+

poult

ry+mu

shro

om

Villa

ge-P

enala

Bl

ock-T

ikaba

li Vi

llage

-Ka

tadag

anda

Bl

ock-

G.Ud

ayag

iri

Rs. 7

130/-

Rs

.4967

0/-

• St

ray c

attle

mena

ce du

ring

rabi

•

Low

irriga

tion p

otenti

al •

unav

ailab

ility o

f suff

icien

t ch

icks

• lac

k of m

arke

t facil

ity

Modu

le-4

Mediu

m lan

d -irr

igated

(AES

-II)

Vege

table-

vege

table

+pou

ltry+m

ushr

oom

Vege

table-

vege

table-

vege

table+

poult

ry+mu

shro

om

Villa

ge-

Suga

labad

i Bl

ock-

Raiki

a

Rs.10

3730

/-

Rs.19

2370

/-

• Le

ss pr

ice in

loca

l mar

ket

durin

g the

harve

sting

perio

d •

lack o

f mar

ket fa

cility

31

Modu

le 1.

Nam

e of t

he A

ES- B

rown

For

est,

High

rain

fall (

1300

-150

0 mm

), Hi

gh E

levat

ion

(500

to 10

00 m

), ra

infe

d (A

ES-1

).

Farm

ing

situa

tion

Exist

ing

prac

tice 2

015-

16

1st ye

ar 20

16-1

7 2nd

year

(201

7-18

) 3rd

year

(201

8-19

)

Com

pone

nt

Prob

lem/p

ract

ice

inte

rven

tion

Ne

t inc

ome

Inte

rven

tion

Ex

pect

ed yi

eld &

in

com

e/ha

Inte

rven

tion

Ex

pect

ed yi

eld &

in

com

e/ha

Rainf

ed

uplan

d Tu

rmer

ic-fal

low

79.8

q/ha

Rs. R

s.597

90/-

• Lo

w yie

lding

varie

ty •

Impr

oper

meth

od of

pla

nting

•

Imba

lance

d nutr

ient

appli

catio

n

1. Ra

ised b

ed m

ethod

of

planti

ng

2. Ap

plica

tion o

f FYM

@ 10

t /ha

3.

Mulch

ing w

ith dr

y lea

ves

@ 12

.5 t/h

a 4.

Neem

cake

5 q/h

a 1.

Bio-

fertili

zers

Azop

irillum

an

d PSB

@ 10

Kg e

ach

90.5q

/ha

(13.4

%)

Rs. 6

9600

/-

1st Yea

r pra

ctice

s + 6.

Intro

ducti

on of

HY

V –R

oma

114q

/ha

(42.8

%)

Rs.94

000/-

2nd Y

ear p

racti

ces

+ Appli

catio

n of

verm

icomp

ost @

2.5

t/ha

121q

/ha

(51.6

%)

Rs.10

1900

/-

Home

stea

d Po

ultry

1.4

Kg/b

ird

45 E

gg/bi

rd

(Rs.2

980/1

0 bir

ds)

• Lo

w re

turn d

ue to

re

aring

loca

l pou

ltry

bree

d •

High

mor

tality

1. Te

n pou

ltry ch

icks

Pallis

hree

2.

Timely

vacc

inatio

n

3.2 K

g/bird

16

0 Egg

/bird

(1

21%

) Rs

.8750

/- pe

r 10 b

irds

Same

as

prev

ious y

ear

3.2 K

g/bird

16

0 Egg

/bird

(1

21%

) Rs

.8750

/- pe

r10

birds

Same

as p

revio

us

year

3.2

Kg/b

ird

160 E

gg/

bird

(121

%)

Rs.87

50/-

per 1

0 bird

s

Home

stea

d Oy

ster

mush

room

cu

ltivati

on

0.9 K

g/bed

Rs

. 450

per 1

0 be

ds

• Cu

ltivati

on of

mu

shro

om w

ith

impr

oper

man

agem

ent

1. Te

n m

ushr

oom

spaw

n 1.5

Kg/b

ed

Rs.92

0/- pe

r 10

beds

Same

as

prev

ious y

ear

1.5 K

g/bed

Rs

.920/-

per 1

0 be

ds

Same

as p

revio

us

year

1.5

Kg/b

ed

Rs.92

0/- pe

r 10 b

eds

Home

stea

d (G

oater

y)

Goat

(5 no

s.)

(Live

wt.1

3.5

kg/go

at)

Net P

rofit

Rs.70

00/ y

ear

• Po

or m

anag

emen

t •

Dise

ase o

ccur

renc

e •

Less

inco

me

Dewo

rming

with

alb

enda

zole@

10mg

/kg bo

dy

wt

Four

Ki

ds

Live w

t.14.2

kg

/goat

Net P

rofit

Rs.77

00

• De

worm

ing

• PP

R Va

ccina

tion

Six K

ids

Live

wt.14

.5kg/g

oat

Net P

rofit

Rs.12

800

• De

worm

ing

• PP

R Va

ccina

tion

• Fe

eding

@25

0gm/

pr

egna

nt do

e 1

month

befor

e & 1

month

after

kidd

ing 12

No.

Kids

Liv

e wt.1

4.5 kg

/goat

Net P

rofit

Rs.30

100

Tota

l Rs

.7022

0/- (B

ase l

ine i

ncom

e)

Rs. 8

6970

/-(23

.8%)

Rs.11

6470

/-(65

.86%

) Rs

. 141

670/-

(101

.7%)

(Incr

ease

in n

et in

com

e ove

r bas

eline

year

2015

-16)

32

Modu

le 2.

Nam

e of t

he A

ES- B

rown

For

est,

High

rain

fall (

1300

-150

0 mm

), Hi

gh E

levat

ion

(500

to 10

00 m

), ra

infe

d (A

ES-1

).

Farm

ing

situa

tion

Exist

ing

prac

tice 2

015-

16

1st ye

ar 20

16-1

7 2nd

year

(201

7-18

) 3rd

year

(201

8-19

) Co

mpo

nent

Pr

oblem

/pra

ctice

in

terv

entio

n

Net i

ncom

e In

terv

entio

n

Expe

cted

yield

&

inco

me/h

a In

terv

entio

n

Expe

cted

yield

&

inco

me/h

a Ra

infed

Med

ium

land

Rice

-fallo

w Ri

ce

27.5

q/ha

Rs. 8

600

• Ra

bi fal

low

• Im

prop

er nu

trient

mana

geme

nt pr

actic

es

(20.5

:11.5:

18 kg

N:

P 2O 5K 2O pe

r ha)

•

Non a

pplic

ation

of

micro

nutrie

nts

• Ex

isting

var.

Lalat

1. So

il tes

t bas

ed

fertili

zer a

pplic

ation

2.

Appli

catio

n of F

YM

@ 2

t /ha

Rice

33

.8 q/h

a (2

2.9%

) Rs

. 127

00

3.Intr

oduc

tion o

f hy

brid

padd

y va

riety-

Aj

aya/R

ajalax

mi

51q/h

a (8

5.4%

) 33

500

4. W

eed c

ontro

l 55

q/ha

(100

%)

Rs.37

800

Fa

llow

1.

Intro

ducti

on of

ch

ickpe

a Var

. (JA

KI-

9218

) with

line

sowi

ng an

d ST

BFR

Chick

pea

10.5

q/ha

Rs.28

400/-

2.Chic

kpea

(Kab

uli)

Chick

pea

(Kab

uli)

13.2

q/ha

Rs.39

200/-

Same

as

prev

ious y

ear

Chick

pea (

Kabu

li) 13

.2 q/h

a Rs

.3920

0/-

Home

stea

d Po

ultry

1.4

Kg

/bird

45

Egg

/ bir

d (R

s.298

0/10

birds

)

• Lo

w re

turn d

ue to

rear

ing

local

poult

ry br

eed

• Hi

gh m

ortal

ity

1. Su

pply

of 10

poult

ry ch

icks P

allish

ree

2. Tim

ely va

ccina

tion

3.2 K

g/bird

16

0 Egg

/bird

(1

21%

) Rs

.8750

/- pe

r10

birds

Same

as pr

eviou

s ye

ar

3.2 K

g/bird

16

0Egg

/ bir

d (1

21%

) Rs

.8750

per1

0 bir

ds

Same

as

prev

ious y

ear

3.2 K

g/bird

16

0 Egg

/bird

(1

21%

) Rs

.8750

per1

0 bir

ds

Home

stea

d Oy

ster

mush

room

cu

ltivati

on

0.9 K

g/bed

Rs

. 450

per 1

0 be

ds

• Cu

ltivati

on of

mus

hroo

m wi

th im

prop

er

mana

geme

nt

1. Te

n mus

hroo

m sp

awn

1.5 K

g/bed

Rs

.920/-

per 1

0 be

ds

Same

as pr

eviou

s ye

ar

1.5 K

g/bed

Rs

.920 p

er 10

be

ds

Same

as

prev

ious y

ear

1.5 K

g/bed

Rs

.920 p

er 10

be

ds

Total

Rs

. 120

30/-(

Base

line i

ncom

e)

• Rs

.5077

0/- (3

22%

) Rs

.8237

0/- (5

84.7%

) Rs

.8667

0/- (6

20.4%

)

(Incr

ease

in n

et in

com

e ove

r bas

eline

year

2015

-16)

33

Modu

le 3.

Nam

e of t

he A

ES- R

ed an

d Ye

llow

Soil,

Mode

rate

rain

fall (

1100

-130

0 mm

), Mo

dera

te Ir

rigat

ion

(AES

-2).

Farm

ing

situa

tion

Exist

ing

prac

tice 2

015-

16

1st ye

ar 20

16-1

7 2nd

year

(201

7-18

) 3rd

year

(201

8-19

) Co

mpo

nent

Pr

oblem

/pra

ctice

in

terv

entio

n Ne

t in

com

e In

terv

entio

n Ex

pect

ed yi

eld

& in

com

e/ha

Inte

rven

tion

Expe

cted

yield

&

inco

me/h

a

Medi

um la

nd -

irrig

ated

Fallo

w-Mu

stard

3.9

q/ha

Rs

. 370

0/-

• Kh

arif f

allow

•

Broa

dcas

ting

• Lo

w yie

lding

va

riety

• Su

mmer

fallo

w du

e to

cattle

men

ace

• im

prop

er nu

trient

mana

geme

nt pr

actic

es

Mu

stard

1. Lin

e sow

ing

2. So

il tes

t bas

ed

fertili

zer

reco

mmen

datio

n 3.

FYM

@ 2

t /ha

4.

Biofe

rtilize

rs (A

zotob

acter

, Az

ospir

illum

and P

SB

@ 4

Kg ea

ch pe

r ha)

5.1 q/

ha

(30.7

%)

Rs. 5

230/-

5. Int

rodu

ction

of H

YV

musta

rd A

nura

dha/

Parb

ati

6.5 q/

ha

(66.6

%)

Rs.67

00/-

Same

as pr

eviou

s ye

ar

6.5 q/

ha

(66.6

%)

Rs.67

00/-

Bl

ack g

ram

1.

Intro

ducti

on of

Blac

k gr

am va

r PU

35

durin

g kha

rif

2. Lin

e sow

ing

3. ST

BFR

4. se

ed in

ocula

tion

Rhizo

bium

6 q/ha

Rs

.1580

0/-

Same

as pr

eviou

s ye

ar

6 q/ha

Rs

.1580

0

34

Farm

ing

situa

tion

Exist

ing

prac

tice 2

015-

16

1st ye

ar 20

16-1

7 2nd

year

(201

7-18

) 3rd

year

(201

8-19

) Co

mpo

nent

Pr

oblem

/pra

ctice

in

terv

entio

n Ne

t in

com

e In

terv

entio

n Ex

pect

ed yi

eld

& in

com

e/ha

Inte

rven

tion

Expe

cted

yield

&

inco

me/h

a

Gr

een g

ram

1.

Intro

ducti

on of

gr

een g

ram

var

IPM

2-14

2.

Line s

owing

and

3 STB

FR &

(in

the a

rea

wher

e fen

cing i

s as

sure

d)

Gree

n gra

m 5.0

q/ha

Rs

.1020

0

Home

stea

d Po

ultry

1.4

Kg/bi

rd

45 E

gg/

bird

(Rs.2

980/1

0 bir

ds)

• Lo

w re

turn d

ue to

re

aring

loca

l po

ultry

bree

d •

High

mor

tality

1. Te

n pou

ltry ch

icks

Pallis

hree

2.

Timely

vacc

inatio

n

3.2 K

g/bird

16

9 Eg

g/bird

(1

21%

) Rs

.8750

pe

r10 b

irds

Same

as pr

eviou

s ye

ar

3.2 K

g/bird

16

9Egg

/ bir

d (1

21%

) Rs

.8750

per1

0 bir

ds

Same

as pr

eviou

s ye

ar

3.2 K

g/bird

16

9 Egg

/bi

rd

(121

%)

Rs.87

50 pe

r10 b

irds

Home

stea

d Oy

ster

mush

room

cu

ltivati

on

0.9 K

g/bed

Rs

. 450

per

10 be

ds

• Cu

ltivati

on of

mu

shro

om w

ith

impr

oper

ma

nage

ment

1. Te

n mus

hroo

m sp

awn

1.5 K

g/bed

Rs

.920

per 1

0 be

ds

Same

as pr

eviou

s yea

r 1.5

Kg/b

ed

Rs.92

0 per

10

beds

Same

as pr

eviou

s ye

ar

1.5 K

g/bed

Rs

.920

per 1

0 bed

s

Home

stea

d (G

oater

y)

Goat

(5)

(Live

wt.1

3.5

kg/go

at)

Net P

rofit

Rs.70

00/ y

ear

• Po

or m

anag

emen

t •

Dise

ase

occu

rrenc

e •

Less

inco

me

Dewo

rming

wi

th alb

enda

zole@

10mg

/kg

body

wt

4 No.

Kids

Liv

e wt

.14.2

kg/go

at Ne

t Pro

fit Rs

.7700

• De

worm

ing

• PP

R Va

ccina

tion

Six K

ids

Live

wt.14

.5kg/g

oat

Net P

rofit

Rs.12

800

• De

worm

ing

• PP

R Va

ccina

tion

• Fe

eding

@25

0gm/

pr

egna

nt do

e 1

month

befor

e & 1

month

after

kid

ding

Twelv

e Kids

Liv

e wt.1

4.5 kg

/goat

Net P

rofit

Rs.30

100

Total

Rs

1413

0 (Ba

se lin

e inc

ome)

Rs

.2260

0 (59

.9%)

Rs.44

970 (

218.2

%)

Rs 72

420 (

412.5

%)

(Incr

ease

in n

et in

com

e ove

r bas

eline

year

2015

-16)

35

Modu

le 4.

Nam

e of t

he A

ES- R

ed an

d Ye

llow

Soil,

Mode

rate

rain

fall (

1100

-130

0 mm

), Mo

dera

te Ir

rigat

ion

(AES

-2).

Farm

ing

situa

tion

Exist

ing

prac

tice 2

015-

16

1st ye

ar 20

16-1

7 2nd

year

(201

7-18

) 3rd

year

(201

8-19

) Co

mpo

nent

Pr

oblem

/pra

ctice

In

terv

entio

n

Net i

ncom

e In

terv

entio

n

Expe

cted

yield

&

inco

me/h

a In

terv

entio

n E

xpec

ted

yield

&

inco

me/h

a Me

dium

land -

irriga

ted

Vege

table-

vege

table

(Tom

ato-R

aikia

bean

)

• Im

prop

er nu

trient

mana

geme

nt pr

actic

es

• No

n app

licati

on of

micr

onutr

ient

boro

n •

Low

yieldi

ng va

riety

• Yi

eld lo

ss du

e to f

ruits

conta

cts

with

soil

• Cl

ose s

pacin

g of p

lantin

g

Toma

to-19

2.8

q/ha

Rs.46

200/-

• Im

prop

er nu

trient

mana

geme

nt pr

actic

es

• No

n app

licati

on of

micr

onutr

ient

boro

n •

Low

yieldi

ng va

riety

• Yi

eld lo

ss du

e to f

ruits

conta

cts

with

soil

• Cl

ose s

pacin

g of p

lantin

g

1. So

il tes

t bas

ed

fertili

zer

reco

mmen

datio

n 2.

Stak

ing

222.6

q/ha

(1

5.4%

) Rs

.5600

0/-

3. Int

rodu

ction

of

tomato

varie

ty-Ut

kal

Kuma

ri/Utka

l Raja

300 q

/ha

(55.6

) Rs

.7790

0/-

4. 75

%

STBF

R 5.

Biofe

rtilize

r Az

otoba

cter,

Azos

pirillu

m an

d PSB

4 kg

ea

ch/ha

310 q

/ha

(60.7

) Rs

.8490

0

Mediu

m lan

d -irr

igated

Ra

ikia b

ean

75.2q

/ha

(Rs.5

4100

/-)

• So

il acid

ity

• Im

prop

er nu

trient

mana

geme

nt pr

actic

es

• No

n app

licati

on of

micr

onutr

ient

1. S

oil te

st ba

sed

fertili

zer a

pplic

ation

wi

th lim

e

92.6

q/ha

(23.1

%)

Rs.69

280

2. Bi

ofertil

izers

like

Azoto

bacte

r, Az

ospir

illum

and P

SB

@ 4

kg ea

ch/ h

a

105q

/ha

(39.6

%)

Rs.84

000/-

3. 75

%

STBF

R 4. Ve

rmico

mpos

t 2 t

/ha

120q

/ha

(59.6

%)

Rs.97

800/-

Home

stea

d Po

ultry

1.4

Kg/b

ird

45Eg

g/ bir

d (R

s.298

0/ 10

bird

s)

• Lo

w re

turn d

ue to

rear

ing lo

cal

poult

ry br

eed

• Hi

gh m

ortal

ity

1. Te

n pou

ltry ch

icks

Pallis

hree

2.

Timely

vacc

inatio

n

3.2 K

g/bird

16

0 Egg

/bird

(1

21%

) Rs

.8750

per

10 bi

rds

Same

as pr

eviou

s yea

r 3.2

Kg/b

ird

160 E

gg/

bird

(121

%)

Rs.87

50 pe

r10

birds

Same

as

prev

ious y

ear

3.2 K

g/bird

16

0 Egg

/bi

rd

(121

%)

Rs.87

50 pe

r10

birds

36

Farm

ing

situa

tion

Exist

ing

prac

tice 2

015-

16

1st ye

ar 20

16-1

7 2nd

year

(201

7-18

) 3rd

year

(201

8-19

) Co

mpo

nent

Pr

oblem

/pra

ctice

In

terv

entio

n

Net i

ncom

e In

terv

entio

n

Expe

cted

yield

&

inco

me/h

a In

terv

entio

n E

xpec

ted

yield

&

inco

me/h

a Ho

me st

ead

Oyste

r mus

hroo

m cu

ltivati

on

0.9 K

g/bed

Rs

. 450

per 1

0 be

ds

• Cu

ltivati

on of

mus

hroo

m wi

th im

prop

er m

anag

emen

t 1.

Ten m

ushr

oom

spaw

n 1.5

Kg/b

ed

Rs.92

0 per

10

beds

Same

as pr

eviou

s yea

r 1.5

Kg/b

ed

Rs.92

0 per

10

beds

Same

as

prev

ious y

ear

1.5 K

g/bed

Rs

.920 p

er 10

beds

Total

Rs

1037

30 (B

ase l

ine in

come

) Rs

.1349

50 (3

0.1%

) Rs

.1715

70 (6

5.4%

) Rs

1923

70 (8

5.4%

)

(Incr

ease

in n

et in

com

e ove

r bas

eline

year

2015

-16)

37

11. Doubling Farmers’ Income by Technological Interventions

A. AES-1: Brown Forest, High rainfall (1300-1500 mm), High Elevation (500 to 1000 m), Rainfed Module 1

Farming situation

(A)

Existing practice 2016-17 1st year 2017-18

Component Problem/practice Intervention Net income

Rainfed upland

Maize-fallow 21.2 q/ha Rs. 10,140/-

• Local variety • Soil acidity • Inadequate nutrient

management practices (20:20:15 kg N:P2O5:K2O/ha)

• Lime application @ 0.2 LR • FYM @ 2 t /ha • STBFR (80.0:38.57:37.14 kg

N:P2O5: K2O/ha)

26.8 q/ha (26.4%) Rs. 13,000/-

Action Plan for 2018-19

2nd year (2018-19) Intervention Expected yield & income/ha

• Introduction of maize hybrids identified for Odisha condition by Varietal Identification Committee, GOI

• Integrated Weed Management

45.0 q/ha (113.2%) Rs.34,100/-

Farming situation

(B)



Rainfed upland

Groundnut-fallow 9.2 q/ha Rs. 7,800/- per ha

• Low yielding variety • Soil acidity • Inadequate nutrient

management practices (10:20:0 kg N:P2O5:K2O per ha)

• Deficiency of micro and secondary nutrient

• Weed infestation

• Application of Lime 500 kg/ha • Application of FYM @ 2 t /ha • Soil test based fertilizer

application (23:42:38- N, P2O5 and K2O/ha)

• Application of boron @10 kg/ha

10.5 q/ha (25%) Rs. 9,985/-



• Introduction of HYV : TAG-24 • Nutrient management and • Post emergence weedicide Imazethapyr @ 750 ml/ha

14 q/ha (73.9%) Rs.20,400

38

Farming situation

(C)


Component Problem/practice Intervention Net income Rainfed upland

Turmeric-fallow 79.3 q/ha Rs. 52,400/-

• Low yielding variety • Improper method of planting • Improper nutrient

management practices

• Ridge bed method of planting • Application of FYM @ 10 t /ha • Mulching with dry leaves @

12.5t/ha • Neem cake 5 q/ha • Bio-fertilizers Azopirillum and PSB

@ 10 Kg each/ha

95.3 q/ha (20.2%) Rs. 68,900



Introduction of HYV – Roma • Application of FYM @ 10 t /ha • Mulching with dry leaves @ 12.5 t/ha • Neem cake 5 q/ha • Bio-fertilizers Azopirillum and PSB @ 10 Kg each

124.4 q/ha (56.8% more) Rs.96,100

Farming situation

(D)



Home-stead

Poultry 1.4 Kg/bird 45 Egg/bird Rs.2,980/10 birds

• Low return due to rearing local poultry breed

• High mortality

• Ten poultry chicks of Pallishree breed

• Timely vaccination

3.2 Kg/bird (121%) 140 Eggs/bird (Expected) Rs.8,750 per 10 birds

Farming situation

(E)



Home-stead

Oyster mushroom cultivation 0.9 Kg/bed Rs. 450 per 10 beds

• Cultivation of mushroom with improper management

• Ten of mushroom spawn • Disinfestation method of the

substrate • Proper nutrition

1.5 Kg/bed (66.7 %) Rs.920 per 10 beds

39

Other Home-stead enterprises proposed in this module • Apiary: Two bee boxes with Apis cerena indica colony per household.

• Lac: supply of brood lac sticks for inoculation of at least 50 Arhar plants per household.

• Vermicompost: At least 4-6 community vermicompost pits per hamlet village.

Module 2

Farming situation

Existing practice 2016-17 1st year 2017-18 Component Problem/practice Intervention Net income

Rain-fed Medium land

Rice-fallow 27.5 q/ha Rs. 8,600

• Rabi fallow • Improper nutrient management

practices (20.5:11.5:18 kg N:P2O5:K2O per ha)

• Non application of micronutrients • Existing var. Lalat

• Soil test based fertilizer application

• Application of FYM @ 2 t/ha • Application of Zinc Sulphate

@ 25 kg /ha

33.8 q/ha (22.9%) Rs. 12,700



• Introduction of hybrid paddy varieties • Soil test based fertilizer application • Application of Zinc Sulphate @ 25 kg/ha

• Taking Chickpea as 2nd crop in rabi • Line sowing and with STBFR

Rice 51q/ha (85.4%) Rs. 33,500 Chickpea (Kabuli) 14 q/ha Rs.46,200

B. AES-2 : Red and Yellow Soil, Moderate rainfall (1100-1300 mm), Moderate Irrigation Module 3

Farming situation


Medium land -irrigated

Fallow-mustard-Fallow 3.8 q/ha Rs. 4,100/-

• Kharif fallow • Broadcasting • Low yielding variety • Summer fallow due to

cattle menace • Improper INM practices • No use of Bio-fertilizers

and Sulphur

• Line sowing of mustard • Soil test based fertilizer

recommendation • FYM @ 2 t /ha • Biofertilizers (Azotobacter,

Azospirillum and PSB @ 4 Kg each per ha)

• Application of Sulphur @ 30 kg/ha

5.1 q/ha (34.2%) Rs. 6,600/-

40

Action Plan for 2018-19 2nd year (2018-19)

Intervention Expected yield & income/ha • Black gram vat PU 35 during kharif • Line sowing • STBFR

• Introduction of HYV Mustrad Var. Anuradha • Line sowing and STBFR & Biofertilizers • Application of Sulphur @ 30 kg/ha

Black gram 6 q/ha Rs.13,800 Mustard 7.5 q/ha (97.3%) Rs.14,000

Module 4

Farming situation

(A)


Medium land -irrigated

Tomato-288.2 q/ha Rs.93,900

• Improper nutrient management practices

• Non application of micronutrient boron

• Low yielding variety • Yield loss due to contact of

fruits with soil • Close spacing of planting

• STBFR • Boron application @ 0.25 % • Line transplanting • Staking

351.3q/ha (29.9%) Rs.1,20,300



• Introduction of tomato Hybrids - Swarna Sampad / Arka Rakshyak

• STBFR • Boron application @ 0.25 % • Line transplanting • Staking

550q/ha (90.8 %) Rs.1,94,900/-

Farming situation

(B)

Existing practice 2016-17 2nd year (2017-18) Component Problem/practice Intervention Yield & Net

income/ha Medium land -irrigated

Garden pea 81.2 q/ha Rs.79,800

• Improper nutrient management practices

• Non application of micronutrient

• Low yielding variety • Close spacing of planting

• Variety substitution- GS-10 • Lime application @ 0.2 LR • STBFR • Line sowing

104.3 q/ha (28.5%) Rs.1,16,000/-

41

Cabbage 189.2 q/ha Rs.66,100

• Improper INM practices • Non application of

micronutrient • Low yielding variety

• Hybrid variety “Disha” • Soil test based fertilizer(75% RDF) • Azotobacter, Azospirillum and PSB @ 4

kg each/ ha

328.7q/ha (73.7%) Rs.1,08,200/-



• Planting of off-season Cauliflower in late kharif • Application of Sulphur@20 kg/ha and Boron @

1kg/ha in Garden pea and Cabbage

300 q/ha Rs. 4,00,000 120 q/ha (Garden pea); 350 q/ha (Cabbage) (48 % - Garden pea) ; (85.2 % - Cabbage) Rs.1,39,900 (Garden pea); Rs. 1,50,000 (Cabbage)

12. Future Visions

Sl. No.

Activities Scope Implications

1 Developing Agri-entrepreneurs

The district has lot of scope and opportunity for developing agri-entreprenuership for various crops and commodities.

• To make agriculture a profitable and sustainable business.

• To create models for easy dissemination of the technology.

• To enhance the marketing system in a particular place and for particular product so that, others will be interested to develop entrepreneurship.

2 Developing Farmers’ Producer Organizations (FPO) for at least 2 – 3 products like turmeric, raikia bean and marigold

The district has around 80 % Uplands and under irrigated condition, there is a lot of scope for producing high value crops in huge quantity.

• To take the agriculture to a new height by gathering thousands of farmers under a roof.

• To make own brand names for these products.

• To develop products having export potential for higher income and profit.

• The Supply chain will be strengthened for these products.

3 Making Geographic Indicator (GI) tag for raikia bean

Raikia bean is produced exclusively in this district because of the conducive environment. Also the district is the sole supplier of this crop throughout the state. However, the quality seed and good market linkage are very much required.

• Will be a great benefit for the farmers of the district.

• Formation of FPOs for Raikia bean will be very easy as fund from Government will be easily mobilized.

• Government will definitely focus on facilitating various stages of farming starting from supply of inputs, cultivation, harvesting, storage, grading sorting, packaging, transportation and marketing.

42

Sl. No.

Activities Scope Implications

4 Encouraging non-farm activities in group approach

Due to small and fragmented land holdings, farmers are more interested in non-farm activities

• Sericulture, mushroom spawn production, poultry rearing, value addition of forest produces etc. in group approach will give sustainability to many farm families.

5 Converting the district into an Organic one

By default, the district has a very low consumption of fertilizers (only 9 kg/ha) and also it has very good bio-resources (both plant and animal) for producing organic fertilizer concentrates and bio-pesticides.

• Produces from agriculture, horticulture, animal resources and other allied sectors will fetch very high price and will have a good export potential.

*****

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