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![Page 1: Improving auditory skills through training Beverly A. Wright Northwestern University Knowles Hearing Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649db25503460f94aa1b69/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Improving auditory skills through training
Beverly A. Wright
Northwestern UniversityKnowles Hearing Center
![Page 2: Improving auditory skills through training Beverly A. Wright Northwestern University Knowles Hearing Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649db25503460f94aa1b69/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Types of learning
![Page 3: Improving auditory skills through training Beverly A. Wright Northwestern University Knowles Hearing Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649db25503460f94aa1b69/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Types of learning
Declarative(Explicit, Conscious)
Facts and Events
Fact Event
![Page 4: Improving auditory skills through training Beverly A. Wright Northwestern University Knowles Hearing Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649db25503460f94aa1b69/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Types of learning
Declarative(Explicit, Conscious)
Non-declarative (Implicit, Non-Conscious)
Facts and Events
Fact Event
![Page 5: Improving auditory skills through training Beverly A. Wright Northwestern University Knowles Hearing Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649db25503460f94aa1b69/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Types of learning
Facts and Events Skills
Fact Event
Declarative(Explicit, Conscious)
Non-declarative (Implicit, Non-Conscious)
![Page 6: Improving auditory skills through training Beverly A. Wright Northwestern University Knowles Hearing Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649db25503460f94aa1b69/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Types of learning
Facts and Events Skills
MotorFact Event
Declarative(Explicit, Conscious)
Non-declarative (Implicit, Non-Conscious)
![Page 7: Improving auditory skills through training Beverly A. Wright Northwestern University Knowles Hearing Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649db25503460f94aa1b69/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Types of learning
Facts and Events Skills
Motor PerceptualFact Event
Declarative(Explicit, Conscious)
Non-declarative (Implicit, Non-Conscious)
![Page 8: Improving auditory skills through training Beverly A. Wright Northwestern University Knowles Hearing Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649db25503460f94aa1b69/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Types of learning
Facts and Events Skills
Motor PerceptualFact Event
Declarative(Explicit, Conscious)
Non-declarative (Implicit, Non-Conscious)
![Page 9: Improving auditory skills through training Beverly A. Wright Northwestern University Knowles Hearing Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649db25503460f94aa1b69/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Perceptual learning
![Page 10: Improving auditory skills through training Beverly A. Wright Northwestern University Knowles Hearing Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649db25503460f94aa1b69/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Perceptual learning
Treatment option for hearing loss
![Page 11: Improving auditory skills through training Beverly A. Wright Northwestern University Knowles Hearing Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649db25503460f94aa1b69/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Perceptual learning
Treatment option for hearing loss
Learning mechanisms
![Page 12: Improving auditory skills through training Beverly A. Wright Northwestern University Knowles Hearing Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649db25503460f94aa1b69/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Perceptual learning
Treatment option for hearing loss
Learning mechanisms
More effective training strategies
![Page 13: Improving auditory skills through training Beverly A. Wright Northwestern University Knowles Hearing Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649db25503460f94aa1b69/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Perceptual learning
Treatment option for hearing loss
Learning mechanisms
More effective training strategies
![Page 14: Improving auditory skills through training Beverly A. Wright Northwestern University Knowles Hearing Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649db25503460f94aa1b69/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Perceptual learning
Treatment option for hearing loss
Learning mechanisms
More effective training strategies
Learning on basic tasks
![Page 15: Improving auditory skills through training Beverly A. Wright Northwestern University Knowles Hearing Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649db25503460f94aa1b69/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Perceptual learning
Treatment option for hearing loss
Learning mechanisms
More effective training strategies
Learning on basic tasks
Learning on wide array of tasks
![Page 16: Improving auditory skills through training Beverly A. Wright Northwestern University Knowles Hearing Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649db25503460f94aa1b69/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Perceptual learning
Treatment option for hearing loss
Learning mechanisms
More effective training strategies
Learning on basic tasks
Learning on wide array of tasks
![Page 17: Improving auditory skills through training Beverly A. Wright Northwestern University Knowles Hearing Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649db25503460f94aa1b69/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Basic task
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Fre
quen
cy
Time
Frequency difference
Standard Signal
Basic task: Frequency discrimination
Which pair of tones has the lower frequency (pitch)?
![Page 19: Improving auditory skills through training Beverly A. Wright Northwestern University Knowles Hearing Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649db25503460f94aa1b69/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Fre
quen
cy
Time
Frequency difference
Standard Signal
Which pair of tones has the lower frequency (pitch)?
Basic task: Frequency discrimination
![Page 20: Improving auditory skills through training Beverly A. Wright Northwestern University Knowles Hearing Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649db25503460f94aa1b69/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Fre
quen
cy
Time
Frequency difference
Standard Signal
Which pair of tones has the lower frequency (pitch)?
Basic task: Frequency discrimination
![Page 21: Improving auditory skills through training Beverly A. Wright Northwestern University Knowles Hearing Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649db25503460f94aa1b69/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Fre
quen
cy
Time
Frequency difference
Standard Signal
Which pair of tones has the lower frequency (pitch)?
Basic task: Frequency discrimination
![Page 22: Improving auditory skills through training Beverly A. Wright Northwestern University Knowles Hearing Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649db25503460f94aa1b69/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Fre
quen
cy
Time
Frequency difference
Standard Signal
Which pair of tones has the lower frequency (pitch)?
Basic task: Frequency discrimination
![Page 23: Improving auditory skills through training Beverly A. Wright Northwestern University Knowles Hearing Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649db25503460f94aa1b69/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Fre
quen
cy
Time
Frequency difference
Standard Signal
Which pair of tones has the lower frequency (pitch)?
Basic task: Frequency discrimination
![Page 24: Improving auditory skills through training Beverly A. Wright Northwestern University Knowles Hearing Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649db25503460f94aa1b69/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Principles of perceptual learning
![Page 25: Improving auditory skills through training Beverly A. Wright Northwestern University Knowles Hearing Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649db25503460f94aa1b69/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Just do it
![Page 26: Improving auditory skills through training Beverly A. Wright Northwestern University Knowles Hearing Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649db25503460f94aa1b69/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Ad
just
ed
po
st-t
rain
ing
th
resh
old
(H
z)
None Freq Interval
Trained taskΔf
Time
Fre
q
Wright, Sabin, Zhang, Marrone & Fitzgerald (2010) J.Neuroscience
Worse
Better
Just do it
![Page 27: Improving auditory skills through training Beverly A. Wright Northwestern University Knowles Hearing Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649db25503460f94aa1b69/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Ad
just
ed
po
st-t
rain
ing
th
resh
old
(H
z)
None Freq Interval
Trained taskΔf
Time
Fre
q
Wright, Sabin, Zhang, Marrone & Fitzgerald (2010) J.Neuroscience
Worse
Better
Just do it
![Page 28: Improving auditory skills through training Beverly A. Wright Northwestern University Knowles Hearing Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649db25503460f94aa1b69/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Ad
just
ed
po
st-t
rain
ing
th
resh
old
(H
z)
None Freq Interval
Trained taskΔf
Time
Fre
q
Wright, Sabin, Zhang, Marrone & Fitzgerald (2010) J.Neuroscience
Worse
Better
Just do it
![Page 29: Improving auditory skills through training Beverly A. Wright Northwestern University Knowles Hearing Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649db25503460f94aa1b69/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Ad
just
ed
po
st-t
rain
ing
th
resh
old
(H
z)
None Freq Interval
Trained taskΔf
Time
Fre
q
Wright, Sabin, Zhang, Marrone & Fitzgerald (2010) J.Neuroscience
Worse
Better
Just do it
95% confidence interval of control
post-test performance
![Page 30: Improving auditory skills through training Beverly A. Wright Northwestern University Knowles Hearing Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649db25503460f94aa1b69/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Ad
just
ed
po
st-t
rain
ing
th
resh
old
(H
z)
None Freq Interval
Trained taskΔf
Time
Fre
q
Wright, Sabin, Zhang, Marrone & Fitzgerald (2010) J.Neuroscience
Worse
Better
Just do it
Significant improvement
(trained>none)
95% confidence interval of control
post-test performance
![Page 31: Improving auditory skills through training Beverly A. Wright Northwestern University Knowles Hearing Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649db25503460f94aa1b69/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Ad
just
ed
po
st-t
rain
ing
th
resh
old
(H
z)
None Freq Interval
Trained taskΔf
Time
Fre
q
Worse
Better
Wright, Sabin, Zhang, Marrone & Fitzgerald (2010) J.Neuroscience
Just do it
![Page 32: Improving auditory skills through training Beverly A. Wright Northwestern University Knowles Hearing Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649db25503460f94aa1b69/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Ad
just
ed
po
st-t
rain
ing
th
resh
old
(H
z)
None Freq Interval
Δt
Time
Fre
q
Δf
Time
Fre
q
Trained onInterval
Discrimination
Better
Worse
Wright, Sabin, Zhang, Marrone & Fitzgerald (2010) J.NeuroscienceTrained task
Just do it
![Page 33: Improving auditory skills through training Beverly A. Wright Northwestern University Knowles Hearing Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649db25503460f94aa1b69/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Ad
just
ed
po
st-t
rain
ing
th
resh
old
(H
z)
None Freq Interval
Δt
Time
Fre
q
Δf
Time
Fre
q
Trained onInterval
Discrimination
Tested onFrequency
DiscriminationBetter
Worse
Wright, Sabin, Zhang, Marrone & Fitzgerald (2010) J.NeuroscienceTrained task
Just do it
![Page 34: Improving auditory skills through training Beverly A. Wright Northwestern University Knowles Hearing Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649db25503460f94aa1b69/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Ad
just
ed
po
st-t
rain
ing
th
resh
old
(H
z)
None Freq Interval
Δt
Time
Fre
q
Δf
Time
Fre
q
Trained onInterval
Discrimination
Tested onFrequency
DiscriminationBetter
Worse
Wright, Sabin, Zhang, Marrone & Fitzgerald (2010) J.NeuroscienceTrained task
Just do it
![Page 35: Improving auditory skills through training Beverly A. Wright Northwestern University Knowles Hearing Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649db25503460f94aa1b69/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Karni & Sagi, 1991
Shiu & Pashler, 1992
Treisman et al., 1992
Ahissar & Hochstein, 1993
Levi & Polat, 1996
Crist et al., 1997
Fahle, 1997
Sigman & Gilbert, 2000
Meinhardt, 2002
Meinhardt & Grabbe, 2002
Visual Learning
Just do it
![Page 36: Improving auditory skills through training Beverly A. Wright Northwestern University Knowles Hearing Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649db25503460f94aa1b69/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Just do it
![Page 37: Improving auditory skills through training Beverly A. Wright Northwestern University Knowles Hearing Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649db25503460f94aa1b69/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Mechanism A
Mechanism B
Mechanism CFrequency
Intensity
Duration
Just do it
![Page 38: Improving auditory skills through training Beverly A. Wright Northwestern University Knowles Hearing Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649db25503460f94aa1b69/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Task performance
Mechanism A
Mechanism B
Mechanism CFrequency
Intensity
Duration
Just do it
![Page 39: Improving auditory skills through training Beverly A. Wright Northwestern University Knowles Hearing Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649db25503460f94aa1b69/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Task performance
Mechanism A
Mechanism B
Mechanism CFrequency
Intensity
Duration
Just do it
![Page 40: Improving auditory skills through training Beverly A. Wright Northwestern University Knowles Hearing Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649db25503460f94aa1b69/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
selec
tion
Task performance
Mechanism A
Mechanism B
Mechanism CFrequency
Intensity
Duration
Just do it
![Page 41: Improving auditory skills through training Beverly A. Wright Northwestern University Knowles Hearing Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649db25503460f94aa1b69/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
selec
tion
Task performance
Mechanism A
Mechanism B
Mechanism CFrequency
Intensity
Duration
sensitization
Just do it
![Page 42: Improving auditory skills through training Beverly A. Wright Northwestern University Knowles Hearing Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649db25503460f94aa1b69/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Practice, practice, practice
![Page 43: Improving auditory skills through training Beverly A. Wright Northwestern University Knowles Hearing Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649db25503460f94aa1b69/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Better
Worse
Ad
just
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st-t
rain
ing
th
resh
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(H
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# training trials/day for 6 days
9003600
Δf
Time
Fre
q
10
12.5
15.8
Wright, & Sabin (2007) Exp. Brain. Res.
Practice, practice, practice
![Page 44: Improving auditory skills through training Beverly A. Wright Northwestern University Knowles Hearing Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649db25503460f94aa1b69/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Better
Worse
Ad
just
ed
po
st-t
rain
ing
th
resh
old
(H
z)
9003600
Δf
Time
Fre
q
10
12.5
15.8
Wright, & Sabin (2007) Exp. Brain. Res.
# training trials/day for 6 days
Practice, practice, practice
![Page 45: Improving auditory skills through training Beverly A. Wright Northwestern University Knowles Hearing Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649db25503460f94aa1b69/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Better
Worse
Ad
just
ed
po
st-t
rain
ing
th
resh
old
(H
z)
9003600
Δf
Time
Fre
q
10
12.5
15.8
Wright, & Sabin (2007) Exp. Brain. Res.
# training trials/day for 6 days
Practice, practice, practice
![Page 46: Improving auditory skills through training Beverly A. Wright Northwestern University Knowles Hearing Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649db25503460f94aa1b69/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
• chevron discrimination (Aberg & Herzog, 2010)
• letter enumeration (Hauptmann and Karni, 2002; Hauptmann et al., 2005)
Practice, practice, practice
![Page 47: Improving auditory skills through training Beverly A. Wright Northwestern University Knowles Hearing Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649db25503460f94aa1b69/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Practice, practice, practice
![Page 48: Improving auditory skills through training Beverly A. Wright Northwestern University Knowles Hearing Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649db25503460f94aa1b69/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Practice, practice, practice
selec
tion
Task performance
Mechanism A
Mechanism B
Mechanism CFrequency
Intensity
Duration
sensitization
![Page 49: Improving auditory skills through training Beverly A. Wright Northwestern University Knowles Hearing Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649db25503460f94aa1b69/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Mechanism A
Mechanism B
Mechanism CFrequency
Intensity
Duration
sensitization
selec
tion
Task performance
Practice, practice, practice
![Page 50: Improving auditory skills through training Beverly A. Wright Northwestern University Knowles Hearing Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649db25503460f94aa1b69/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Training
Effe
ct
Training per day
No Learning Learning
Less More
Learning threshold
Practice, practice, practice
![Page 51: Improving auditory skills through training Beverly A. Wright Northwestern University Knowles Hearing Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649db25503460f94aa1b69/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Enough is enough
![Page 52: Improving auditory skills through training Beverly A. Wright Northwestern University Knowles Hearing Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649db25503460f94aa1b69/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Wright, & Sabin (2007) Exp. Brain. Res.
360 trials per day
900 trials per day
Δt
Time
Fre
q
Temporal-Interval Discrimination
Enough is enough
Worse
Better
![Page 53: Improving auditory skills through training Beverly A. Wright Northwestern University Knowles Hearing Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649db25503460f94aa1b69/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Wright, & Sabin (2007) Exp. Brain. Res.
360 trials per day
900 trials per day
Δt
Time
Fre
q
Temporal-Interval Discrimination
Enough is enough
Worse
Better
![Page 54: Improving auditory skills through training Beverly A. Wright Northwestern University Knowles Hearing Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649db25503460f94aa1b69/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Wright, & Sabin (2007) Exp. Brain. Res.
Δt
Time
Fre
q
Temporal-Interval Discrimination
Enough is enough
Worse
Better
![Page 55: Improving auditory skills through training Beverly A. Wright Northwestern University Knowles Hearing Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649db25503460f94aa1b69/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Wright, & Sabin (2007) Exp. Brain. Res.
360 trials per day
Δt
Time
Fre
q
Temporal-Interval Discrimination
Enough is enough
Worse
Better
![Page 56: Improving auditory skills through training Beverly A. Wright Northwestern University Knowles Hearing Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649db25503460f94aa1b69/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Wright, & Sabin (2007) Exp. Brain. Res.
360 trials per day
900 trials per day
Δt
Time
Fre
q
Temporal-Interval Discrimination
Enough is enough
Worse
Better
![Page 57: Improving auditory skills through training Beverly A. Wright Northwestern University Knowles Hearing Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649db25503460f94aa1b69/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
• ITD discrimination (Ortiz & Wright, 2010)
• visual chevron discrimination (Aberg & Herzog, 2010)
• mirror-reading task (Ofen-Noy et al., 2003)
• motor-sequence task (Savion-Lemieux & Penhune, ’05)
• visual-texture discrimination (Karni & Sagi, 1993)
• speech-identification task (Roth et al., 2005)
Enough is enough
![Page 58: Improving auditory skills through training Beverly A. Wright Northwestern University Knowles Hearing Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649db25503460f94aa1b69/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Enough is enough
![Page 59: Improving auditory skills through training Beverly A. Wright Northwestern University Knowles Hearing Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649db25503460f94aa1b69/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Training
Effe
ctEnough is enough
Training per day
No Learning Learning
Less More
![Page 60: Improving auditory skills through training Beverly A. Wright Northwestern University Knowles Hearing Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649db25503460f94aa1b69/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Training
Effe
ctEnough is enough
Training per day
No Learning Learning
Same Learning
Less More Even More
![Page 61: Improving auditory skills through training Beverly A. Wright Northwestern University Knowles Hearing Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649db25503460f94aa1b69/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Training
Effe
ctEnough is enough
Training per day
No Learning Learning
Same Learning
Less More Even More
![Page 62: Improving auditory skills through training Beverly A. Wright Northwestern University Knowles Hearing Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649db25503460f94aa1b69/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Two wrongs that make a right
![Page 63: Improving auditory skills through training Beverly A. Wright Northwestern University Knowles Hearing Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649db25503460f94aa1b69/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Adj
uste
d po
st-t
rain
ing
thre
shol
d (H
z)
IntervalFreq + Interval
All FreqFreq + Silence
Freq + Sound
Wright, Sabin, Zhang, Marrone & Fitzgerald (2010) J.Neuroscience
Δf
Time
Fre
q
Worse
Better
![Page 64: Improving auditory skills through training Beverly A. Wright Northwestern University Knowles Hearing Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649db25503460f94aa1b69/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Adj
uste
d po
st-t
rain
ing
thre
shol
d (H
z)
IntervalFreq + Interval
All FreqControl Freq + Silence
Freq + Sound
Wright, Sabin, Zhang, Marrone & Fitzgerald (2010) J.Neuroscience
Δf
Time
Fre
q
Worse
Better
![Page 65: Improving auditory skills through training Beverly A. Wright Northwestern University Knowles Hearing Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649db25503460f94aa1b69/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Adj
uste
d po
st-t
rain
ing
thre
shol
d (H
z)
IntervalFreq + Interval
All FreqControl Freq + Silence
Freq + Sound
Wright, Sabin, Zhang, Marrone & Fitzgerald (2010) J.Neuroscience
Δf
Time
Fre
q
Worse
Better
![Page 66: Improving auditory skills through training Beverly A. Wright Northwestern University Knowles Hearing Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649db25503460f94aa1b69/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Adj
uste
d po
st-t
rain
ing
thre
shol
d (H
z)
IntervalFreq + Interval
All FreqControl Freq + Silence
Freq + Sound
Wright, Sabin, Zhang, Marrone & Fitzgerald (2010) J.Neuroscience
Δf
Time
Fre
q
Worse
Better
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Adj
uste
d po
st-t
rain
ing
thre
shol
d (H
z)
IntervalFreq + Interval
All FreqControl Freq + Silence
Freq + Sound
Wright, Sabin, Zhang, Marrone & Fitzgerald (2010) J.Neuroscience
Δf
Time
Fre
q
Worse
Better
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Adj
uste
d po
st-t
rain
ing
thre
shol
d (H
z)
IntervalFreq + Interval
All FreqControl Freq + Silence
Freq + Sound
Wright, Sabin, Zhang, Marrone & Fitzgerald (2010) J.Neuroscience
Δf
Time
Fre
q
Worse
Better
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Adj
uste
d po
st-t
rain
ing
thre
shol
d (H
z)
IntervalFreq + Interval
All FreqControl Freq + Silence
Freq + Sound
Wright, Sabin, Zhang, Marrone & Fitzgerald (2010) J.Neuroscience
Δf
Time
Fre
q
Worse
Better
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Adj
uste
d po
st-t
rain
ing
thre
shol
d (H
z)
IntervalFreq + Interval
All FreqControl Freq + Silence
Freq + Sound
Wright, Sabin, Zhang, Marrone & Fitzgerald (2010) J.Neuroscience
Δf
Time
Fre
q
Worse
Better
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Adj
uste
d po
st-t
rain
ing
thre
shol
d (H
z)
IntervalFreq + Interval
All FreqControl Freq + Silence
Freq + Sound
Wright, Sabin, Zhang, Marrone & Fitzgerald (2010) J.Neuroscience
Δf
Time
Fre
q
Worse
Better
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Adj
uste
d po
st-t
rain
ing
thre
shol
d (H
z)
IntervalFreq + Interval
All FreqControl Freq + Silence
Freq + Sound
Wright, Sabin, Zhang, Marrone & Fitzgerald (2010) J.Neuroscience
Δf
Time
Fre
q
Worse
Better
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Adj
uste
d po
st-t
rain
ing
thre
shol
d (H
z)
IntervalFreq + Interval
All FreqControl Freq + Silence
Freq + Sound
Wright, Sabin, Zhang, Marrone & Fitzgerald (2010) J.Neuroscience
Δf
Time
Fre
q
Worse
Better
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Adj
uste
d po
st-t
rain
ing
thre
shol
d (H
z)
IntervalFreq + Interval
All FreqControl Freq + Silence
Freq + Sound
Wright, Sabin, Zhang, Marrone & Fitzgerald (2010) J.Neuroscience
Δf
Time
Fre
q
Worse
Better
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Adj
uste
d po
st-t
rain
ing
thre
shol
d (H
z)
IntervalFreq + Interval
All FreqControl Freq + Silence
Freq + Sound
Wright, Sabin, Zhang, Marrone & Fitzgerald (2010) J.Neuroscience
Δf
Time
Fre
q
Worse
Better
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• Visual orientation discrimination (Szpiro et al., in press)
• Non-native phonetic contrast
• Adapting to foreign-accented speech
Two wrongs that make a right
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selec
tion
Task performance
Mechanism A
Mechanism B
Mechanism CFrequency
Intensity
Duration
sensitization
Two wrongs that make a right
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Task performance
Mechanism A
Mechanism B
Mechanism CFrequency
Intensity
Duration
sensitization
Two wrongs that make a right
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Task performance
Mechanism A
Mechanism B
Mechanism CFrequency
Intensity
Duration
sensitization
Two wrongs that make a right
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Summary
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Types of learning
Facts and Events Skills
Motor PerceptualFact Event
Declarative(Explicit, Conscious)
Non-declarative (Implicit, Non-Conscious)
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Perceptual Learning
Perceptual learning
Treatment option for hearing loss
Learning mechanisms
More effective training strategies
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• Just do it
• Practice, practice, practice
• Enough is enough
• Two wrongs that make a right
Principles of perceptual learning
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Extra slides
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Better
Worse 720 trials/day for 7 days with a 30-minute
break
Ad
just
ed
po
st-t
rain
ing
th
resh
old
(H
z)
9003600
Δf
Time
Fre
q
10
12.5
15.8
# training trials/day for 6 days
Need for sufficient daily training within a restricted time period
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Control Short Freq
0 15 240
Minutes between Freq + Interval
……
Adj
uste
d po
st-t
rain
ing
thre
shol
d (H
z)
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Freq + Interval
ControlShort Freq
Same standard
Standards differ in Interval
Standards differ in
Freq
Adj
uste
d po
st-t
rain
ing
thre
shol
d (H
z)
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Control Short Freq
Adj
uste
d po
st-t
rain
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thre
shol
d (H
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15.8
12.5
10
Worse
Better
Freq then
Interval
Interval then Freq
Passive then Freq
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Sound categorization task
mba ba pa
100
% baresponses
0
100
% mbaresponses
0ba pamba ba
Voice-onset time (10 ms steps)
Native contrastNon-native contrast
Voice-onset time (10 ms steps)
After training
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Pre1 Post1 Pre2 Post2
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
Passive 8
Test
Ad
just
ed
slo
pe
Short Act 8
Act+Pass 8
Task + Extra Sound
Sound Only
Task Performance
mba
mba
mba
mba
mba
mba
mba
mba
mba
mba
worse
better
Adj
uste
d sl
ope
0.45
0.40
0.35
0.30
0.25
0.20
Post-1 Post-2Pre-2Pre-1
Test
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Pre1 Post1 Pre2 Post2
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
Short Act 8
Test
Ad
just
ed
slo
pe
Act+Pass 8
RSVP 8
Task + Extra Sound
mba
mba
mba
mba
mba
mba
mbaV
mbaV
Task + Extra Sound during Visual Demand
Task Performance
mba
mba
worse
better
Adj
uste
d sl
ope
0.45
0.40
0.35
0.30
0.25
0.20
Post-1 Post-2Pre-2Pre-1
Test
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Pre1 Post1 Pre2 Post2
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
Act+Pass 8
Test
Ad
just
ed
slo
pe
RSVP 8
RVQuiet 9Task + Extra Sound
mba
mba
mba
mba
mba
mba
mbaV
mbaV
Task + Extra Sound during Visual Demand
mba
mba
V V
Task + No Sound during Visual Demand
n = 9
worse
better
Adj
uste
d sl
ope
0.45
0.40
0.35
0.30
0.25
0.20
Post-1 Post-2Pre-2Pre-1
Test
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Enhancing learning, greater amplified auditory responses can arise from prior ….
time
Internal response to stimulation
time
timeV
Task performance
Additional stimuluspresentations
Visual demand in quiet
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Dis
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inat
ion
thre
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d(7
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orre
ct, i
n m
s) 20
10
15 min
4 hrs
Time Course of Interference
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Dis
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15 min
4 hrs
Dis
crim
inat
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thre
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orre
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n m
s) 20
10
Time Course of Interference
…
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Dis
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15 min
4 hrs
Dis
crim
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d(7
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n m
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10
Time Course of Interference
…