Improved Lightning Protection for Radio Transmitter … Lightning Protection for Radio Transmitter...
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Transcript of Improved Lightning Protection for Radio Transmitter … Lightning Protection for Radio Transmitter...
![Page 1: Improved Lightning Protection for Radio Transmitter … Lightning Protection for Radio Transmitter Stations Presented by John R. Pinks, Chief Engineer (Emeritus) • Central Paraguay](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022011800/5abcc4417f8b9ad1768e5e7e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Improved Lightning Protection for Radio Transmitter Stations
Presented by John R. Pinks, Chief Engineer (Emeritus)
![Page 2: Improved Lightning Protection for Radio Transmitter … Lightning Protection for Radio Transmitter Stations Presented by John R. Pinks, Chief Engineer (Emeritus) • Central Paraguay](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022011800/5abcc4417f8b9ad1768e5e7e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: Improved Lightning Protection for Radio Transmitter … Lightning Protection for Radio Transmitter Stations Presented by John R. Pinks, Chief Engineer (Emeritus) • Central Paraguay](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022011800/5abcc4417f8b9ad1768e5e7e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
• Central Paraguay - >200 hits per square km/year.
• Some other areas less than 1 hit per square km/year.vs
The amount you spend should depend on:
• Value of asset you are protecting
• Loss of service when off-air and time to return to air
• Probability of getting hit by lightning
Lightning Protection Costs
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![Page 5: Improved Lightning Protection for Radio Transmitter … Lightning Protection for Radio Transmitter Stations Presented by John R. Pinks, Chief Engineer (Emeritus) • Central Paraguay](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022011800/5abcc4417f8b9ad1768e5e7e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Improved Lightning Protection for Radio Transmitter … Lightning Protection for Radio Transmitter Stations Presented by John R. Pinks, Chief Engineer (Emeritus) • Central Paraguay](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022011800/5abcc4417f8b9ad1768e5e7e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Figure 3
0
15
30
45
60
75
90
25 50 75 100
Peak Amplitude 20,000 Amps(5 % probability of reaching 80,000 Amps)
Time (us)
Kilo-amps
Pulse Width20 - 100 µs with median value of 40 µs.
Rise Time Approximately
0.1 - 20 µs Median 5 µs
Typical Strike Pulse
![Page 7: Improved Lightning Protection for Radio Transmitter … Lightning Protection for Radio Transmitter Stations Presented by John R. Pinks, Chief Engineer (Emeritus) • Central Paraguay](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022011800/5abcc4417f8b9ad1768e5e7e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
• Conduct strike pulse current to ground through a low impedance path.
• Prevent this destructive current from flowing through your electronic equipment.
Key to Protection
![Page 8: Improved Lightning Protection for Radio Transmitter … Lightning Protection for Radio Transmitter Stations Presented by John R. Pinks, Chief Engineer (Emeritus) • Central Paraguay](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022011800/5abcc4417f8b9ad1768e5e7e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Penetrate below the frost line.
Diameter 3/8” or larger.
Copper or copper clad steel.
Moist soil or the water table.
Connected with Cad welded or silver soldered copper straps.
10 Feet10 F
eet
Electrode Interface Hemisphere
Grounding Conductor
8
Ground Rods
20 Feet
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Antenna Spark Gap
Spark Balls
9
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Typical Path of Lightning Current Flowing to Remote Grounds
10Figure 4
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Use of a Surge Arrester to Prevent Transmitter Damage
11Figure 5
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Ideal Transmitter Building Layout
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Basic Elements of A Well Configured Site
Figure 6
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Surge Protection
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Use of Toroids to Impede Common Mode Signals
AC Power Protection
Ferrite Chokes
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Typical Building Layout
Figure 8
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Improved Building Layout
Figure 9
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Good Layout at A Directional Site
Figure 10
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Transmitter
AC Power Wiring
Coaxial Feeder
Tuning Unit
Ground Plane Radials
Antenna
Antenna Current Path
Reducing Unwanted Antenna Return Currents
Figure 11
Ferrite
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Acceptable rearrangements vary from site to site.Often confusing.
Good remedial measures give significantimprovements from:1. Lightning energy originating at antenna2. Lightning energy originating at ac line supply3. Disruptive antenna current return paths
Summary – Key Points
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Thank You