Improved Implements and Agricultural Practices for ... · Improved Implements and Agricultural...
Transcript of Improved Implements and Agricultural Practices for ... · Improved Implements and Agricultural...
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Improved Implements and Agricultural
Practices for Inclusive Growth of Farmers
in Dryland: Opportunities and Challenges
By
Ravikant V. AdakeSenior Scientist (Farm Machinery)Senior Scientist (Farm Machinery)
Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture,
Santoshnagar, Hyderabad-500 059
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Present Issues in Dryland
Agriculture
• Difficulty in managing the small farms
• Reduction in Bullock Power and increase in tractor hiring costs
• Non Availability of labour for precision • Non Availability of labour for precision operations like sowing and harvesting etc
• Poor soil conditions because of lack of interest from the farmers on soil improvement activities
• Uneven rainfall
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172
40
272
100
150
200
250
300D
istr
icts
in
In
dia
33 40
0
50
Excess Scanty Normal Difficient
Dis
tric
ts i
n I
nd
ia
Rainfall Distribution Pattern
Source, IMD, 2008
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Soil crusting is major problem
under dryland
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• Though much emphasis is given for small farm
mechanization, the results are not up to the
mark due to non profitability.
• Small land holdings and high initial/rental cost
Challenges
• Small land holdings and high initial/rental cost
of large machinery discourages the small and
medium farmers to opt for it.
• Timely availability of the machinery is a big
question mark
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• No industry support for Precision and quality machinery for small farms
• More number of fabricating industries with least standards
• Maintenance Problems with self propelled
Challenges
• Maintenance Problems with self propelled machinery
• Drastic reduction in Bullock population year by year
• Missing link-Training on supplied machinery to the farmers
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Opportunities for Dryland
Mechanization
� Enhanced farm power supply
Increased farm power availability from 0.25 kW/ha
(1951) to 1.68 kW/ha (2011)
�Increased growth of tractors
from 2.47 lakh (2004-05) to 6.07 lakh (2011-12)
�Increased growth of power tillers
From 175000 (2004-05) to 60000 (2011-12)
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CRIDA experience on farm
mechanization
• Methodology adopted:
• 1. Designing the location specific Farm machinery at Research workshop.
• 2. Testing in the farmer’s field and refinement • 2. Testing in the farmer’s field and refinement on farmer’s feed back
• 3. Publicity through Kisan mela and participation in exhibitions
• 4. Finding industry partner for production and sale
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CRIDA experience on farm
mechanization
Number of Improved Machinery Developed
By CRIDA: 23
MoU Signed with Industries for Mass
Production:22
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Conventional methods of Sowing
�Uneven distribution of
seeds and fertilizer
�Higher wages
�Poor efficiency
�Bullock power dependent
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CRIDA Bullock Drawn Planters
3 row planter
2 row planter
4 row planter
�Useful for small and medium holding
farmers
�Savings in seed and fertilizer
�Saving in wages
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CRIDA Tractor Drawn Planters for
timely sowing
6- row planter 9-row planter
�Useful for different cropping system
�Large area coverage (10-15 ha/day) for timely sowing
� Maintains plant spacing
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Sr. No Crops
Spare part
No No of cells plant to plant
on metering
Plate distance , cm
1 Soybean SP1 23 5
2 Redgram SP2 12 10
3 Bengal gram (N) SP3 12 10
Metering Plates for Different Crops
3 Bengal gram (N) SP3 12 10
4
Bengal gram
(Kabuli) SP4 16 8
5 Jawar, Bajra, Green SP5 12 10
gram, Blackgram
6 Maize SP6 4,5,6,7,8 15-30
7
Groundnut
(Medium) SP7 12 10
8 Ground nut (Bold) SP8 16 7.5
9 Onion SP9 24 5
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Tractor drawn BBF Planter
Major Components:
�Planter with seed and
fertilizer box
�Furrow openers (2)
�Tynes (4)�Tynes (4)
�Supporting wheels (2)
�Drive Wheel
�Transmission
Mechanism
�Tractor required 35 hp
Overall Dimension mm: L-2250, W-1133mm, H- 868 mm
Frame Dimensions mm: L-2250mm, W-480mm
Weight, Kg: 285
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BBF Planter in Operation
BBF Planter Utility:
�To conserve rain
water and minimize
effect of drought
�To drain the water �To drain the water
in case of excess
rainfall
�Useful for all
dryland crops
� Area coverage, 6-8
ha/day
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Double furrow multicrop planter developed for Redgram-soybean
Cropping system (Developed based on farmer’s request-location
specific) cum BBF planter for improved water conservation
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CRIDA Paired Row cum
BBF Planter
* *
*
*
*
*
**
60
c
m
6
0
c
m 120
cm
60
c
m
* * * *120
cm
6
0
c
m
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In situ water conservation
Pigeon pea Runoff ,mm
Conventional 64
Conventional+
Intercrop 52
Paired row with
furrow 6.2
Paired row with
furrow+ Intercrop 4.4
Pigeon pea system
Pigeon pea Equi.
yields Kg/ha
Conventional 1900
Conventional+
Intercrop 1700
Paired row with furrow 2200
Paired row with
furrow+ Intercrop 2270
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Improved Machinery for Crop
Residue Management
6
9
12
15
18
So
il m
ois
ture
, %
v
0
3
6
CT RT RNT SNTS
oil
mo
istu
re,
% v
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Improved Machinery for Crop
Residue Management
Incorporation efficiency:78%
Chopping efficiency:70%
Rotor speed: 3.6 m/s
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CRIDA Precision planter cum herbicide
applicator for conservation agriculture
•It can do three operations at a time
viz., seed sowing, fertilizer application
and herbicide spraying.
• It can work well in two way sloppy lands
because of individually operated spring
loaded tines.loaded tines.
• Separate seed and fertilizer boxes are
available for inter-cropping.
• Separate seed metering plates are
available for different crops.
• Field coverage about 0.48 hectare/ hour.
• The cost of operation Rs.1250/- per
hectare.
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-1
0
1
2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
De
via
tio
n f
rom
re
com
me
nd
ed
pla
nt
de
pth
, cm
Conventional planter, Sd= 1.61 Precision planter, Sd=0.79
Performance of Precision planter
-5
-4
-3
-2
De
via
tio
n f
rom
re
com
me
nd
ed
pla
nt
de
pth
, cm
Number of subsequent maize seed
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Improved Orchard Sprayer
Air carries the atomized fine spray deep in canopy,
Saving in chemical spray (48%), cost of operation (55%)timely
spray,
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Development of small
harvesters for dryland crops
�Newly designed single row self propelled Harvester in action
�6.5 h.p. petrol engine with 45 cm cutting Row space with
horizontal disc blade
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Prototype is
Newly developed mini tractor
mounted harvester
Prototype is
Ready for
commercialization
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Custom Hiring Center: A strategy for
promotion of Improved Implements
�Established in 100 KVK villages under National
Initiative on Climate Resilient Agriculture
�Operated by Village Climate Risk Management
Committee
�There are 27 different types of farm machinery
stocked in 100 CHC
�Each Centre was established at a capital cost of Rs
6.25 Lakh funded by NICRA Project
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Monitoring and Technical Back-up
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Zone KVKs
(Number)
Revenue (Rs)
I 12 164540
II 15 284822
III 17 341955
Revenue generated from CHC
IV 13 94158
V 13 332124
VI 7 519605
VII 14 437986
VIII 9 422648
Total 100 2597838
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Impact of CHC
�Demonstration of In-situ conservation of soil and water sowing
across the slop in 10 ha area covering 25 farmers resulted in 11-
13% in soybean yield (Nandurbar, MS)
�Use of BBF planter for soybean crop avoided damage to the
crop due to excess rainfall in kharif, 2013 and realized about 40%
more yield compared conventional sowing (Datia, MP)more yield compared conventional sowing (Datia, MP)
�Demonstration of zero till after harvest of rice in 25 ha covering
105 farmers, zero tillage saved cost of field preparation and
increased 15% grain yield (Aurangabad, Bihar)
�Furrow irrigated raised bed system for wheat cultivation was
promoted to enhance crop yield (10-15%) in 40 farmers field. It
saved 25% seed, and 30% irrigation water (Kota, Rajasthan)
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Way Forward
Use of improved farm implements and
agricultural practices can enhance inclusive
growth of farmers in dryland through increased
crop yield and reduced cost of operation andcrop yield and reduced cost of operation and
custom hiring service makes the implements
accessible to the farmers at affordable rental
price
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Thank youThank you