Improved Hand Pump - Gian Hand pump-Case Study-feb08.pdf · HAnd pump-Case Study-feb08.doc Page 1...

GIAN-North February 2008

HAnd pump-Case Study-feb08.doc of 12

Innovation Incubation at Grassroots

Improved Hand Pump

Swayambhoo Sharma, Rajasthan and Chandan Agarwal, New Delhi

A Case Study

By

Rajeev Singhal

Grassroots Innovations Augmentation Network – North (GIAN - North) Science Park, Shastri Nagar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India



Executive Summary “Necessity is the mother of invention”, the old saying, but this necessity necessarily

may not be of the same person who is doing the innovation. Swayambhoo Sharma a

farmer and a social worker is one example who modified the existing hand pumps to

make the life of animals simpler and safe. Completely a social innovation, where no

economic benefit was involved. The development took place just out of his feelings

towards the pain of animals which were getting affected by consuming the

contaminated water deposited around the hand pumps. His social responsibility made

him think novel and his efforts brought him success and recognition at local and

National level.

Sh. Chandan Agarwal, an engineer and skilled management professional suggested

modifications in the hand pump when he was forced to think novel during his

management course in a class. His idea was selected as the best idea and he gained

recognition at National level.

Both the modifications were practical but only one was replicated at 4-5 places in a

villages. GIAN-North took the initiative of clubbing the two and conducts a pilot

diffusion to collect users feedback from a sample region. Well wishers and stake

holders came forward and offered their expertise and services in the task and 60 units

could be installed in different villages of Rajasthan. The response received was

encouraging and efforts are on to make the design standard through a government body

such that it becomes official to install such hand pumps in a predefined ratio.



Background and Genesis Lack of surface water sources and falling water table has made availability of clean drinking water a major problem in Rajasthan. For human beings, the need for availability of clean and safe drinking water gets noted and responded to some extent. But for animals this need is much less appreciated. Formerly the cattle were provided drinking water by cultivators or well holders generally at their wells where a tank was made and fresh water was filled by them. But continuous drought conditions over the last four years have resulted in water scarcity and made it difficult to provide drinking water for the cattle population. Hence an idea that was brought forward was that a pit was dug in front of the hand pumps where the waste water generally flowed and this pit full of water was used by the animals to quench their thirst. But these became a failure as the animals rejected this water contaminated by dust, garbage, chemical residue of soaps, detergents and other contaminants generated by human beings during their activities around the hand pump. Even if they drank this contaminated water they would fall sick. Mr. Swayambhoo Sharma, another innovator from Udaipur, Rajasthan (44), worked out another mechanism for hand pumps which diverts about 25% of the total water pumped into the animal trough constructed side by. By this arrangement animals get clean water from the trough. Mr. Sharma studied till Higher Secondary and has three children. He is basically a farmer and is also engaged in social services. He replicated this model at 5-6 places in his village Madar out of total 39 hand pumps with his own resources. The first development took place in the year 2001. His family was supportive throughout the process of innovation and thankful after he succeeded and gained recognition. Those who did not want to contribute to the welfare of animals used to block the second outlet of water by polythene etc. But Swayambhoo relates that he dealt with this obstacle by explaining to these people and then he modified the design by connecting a filter at the second outlet in such a way that it couldn’t be blocked. Sh. Chandan Agarwal, an engineer with PG diploma in management from IIM Ahmedabad was forced to think of a novel idea during a ISPE class of PGDM course. It was made compulsory for all the students to come up with a new idea of a product or service or any improvement and Chandan came out with an innovative idea to improve the design of the existing hand pumps. In hand pumps it is difficult to drink water when the user is alone. He has to first pump move to the outlet side and by the time he starts drinking the pumped water gets over. Even other wise the outlet of the



hand pumps is so big that 2/3 of the water gets wasted if drunk with hands. Chandan suggested incorporating a valve and a tap in the outlet such that water gets stored in the housing and can be used by through a tap. Development stages Swayambhoo developed the first prototype for diverting 25% of pumped water from the hand pumps into animal trough in 2001 and replicated it a four different places by 2003. Chandan generated the idea of improving the handpump by putting a tap and a valve on the outlet of handpump in 2002 during a ISPE class of PGDM course. In the year 2005 GIAN-North planned to club the two innovations and develop a modified Hand Pump which could have both the provision. Another innovator from the region was approached who was having skills and facilities to fabricate and the concept was discussed with him. He liked the concept and immediately agreed to develop the prototype. He could develop the first prototype in a week’s time which was showcased in a workshop on Grassroots Innovations at Jaipur in September 2005. The design was appreciated and it was decided to get a unit installed in a village for user’s feedback. A village called Danta in Sikar district of Rajasthan was identified and Gram Pradhan was approached for support in getting one unit installed. One unit with one of the two designs was got installed in December 2005 at the local bus stand and people around appreciated the development. This design was having an additional tank for storing about 1 liter of water which was later eliminated and the design was modified in such a way that the main housing could store sufficient water for drinking through a separate tap. Based on the encouraging response, The Public Health and Engineering Department (PHED) under Government of Rajasthan was approached for coordination support to replicate this design at selected site of Sikar district. 120 sites were identified and equal number of hand pumps were got modified for one of the above two innovations with the help of two vendors from the region in May 2006. About 60 odd pumps got installed at different villages by the end of July 2006 which are in use by the local public. A survey was conducted randomly at a few sites to get the users feedback about the development and the response



received was great. People were quite happy with the development and wanted more to be installed at other locations too. The Principal Secretary and Secretary, Water Resource Management, Government of Rajasthan were further approached to involve government machinery in diffusion of this innovation to masses. PHED now is conducting trial of its own and to formulate the design and take user’s feedback directly. Based on the user feedback the design would be freeze for further installations. Introduction with Honey Bee Network The first innovator who was a management student was studying at IIM, Ahmedabad and was aware about Honey Bee Network and its activities. He submitted his idea to NIF in the second National Competition on grassroots innovations and traditional knowledge in the student category. The other innovator was introduced by district administration authorities to Honey Bee Network through GIAN-North and his entry was accepted in the third National Competition on grassroots innovations. Recognition & Award The concept of both the innovations was discussed with different experts and both pieces of work were found appreciable. Sh. Chandan Agarwal gained recognition in the second National competition in the student category.



Sh. Swayambhoo Sharma was awarded in the Third National Competition in the consolation category.

Extension of support by network partners

As described earlier GIAN-North extended support in prototyping and product development using both the concepts simultaneously and further pilot production and social diffusion of the same in a sample area.

Innovator Mr. Madanlal Kumawat helped in the development of improved

prototypes.

Two awarded grassroots innovators from the region, Mr. Madanlal Kumawat and Mr. Yusuf Khan extended their supports to be the vendors for the pilot production and helped in its diffusion in their region.

Honey Bee network collaborator and scout Mr. Sundaram Verma helped in

coordination for development and diffusion.



The product Abstract Improved Hand Pump is a combination of two innovations wherein one addresses the problem of water wastage and complexity in drinking water from a hand pump and the other addresses to the drinking of contaminated water by the animals at the hand pump. Both these problems are solved in this new hand pump which has a little modification in design with the marginal increase in cost. This new design has provision of storing about 1 liters of water in its head which can be utilized by operating a tap connected to it, thereby eliminating the need of two operators and at the same time no wastage of water takes place. Also it has another outlet which can be connected to a trough such that whenever the pump is operated, about 25% of the water is donated by the user into this trough for the animals. Salient Features & Advantages

- With this modification no greater cost or extra exertion is required to give clean drinking water to the animals on one hand and manual drinking became easy and wastage of water while drinking manually is prevented on the other hand.

- This device removes drudgery of someone monitoring and filling up the water tank for animals every time it is empty and at the same time it also eliminates the need of a second person to pump the water for drinking.

- Women who take care of animals have more time left with them as the tank automatically gets filled with clean water. Several times enough water is stored in the housing that another person can also drink without pumping more water.

- Further the cost is affordable when one considers the long term benefits of the solution. This solution is superior to current alternatives in quality of water and elegance in delivery.



Comparison with available Hand Pumps Improved Hand Pumps Conventional Hand Pumps User alone can drink water with ease User alone has difficulty in drinking water Wastage of water is almost nil while drinking manually

Wastage of water is about 2/3 of the total water pumped

Marginal increase in cost Low cost solution Addressing the problem of clean water for animals

No such address

Simple mechanism Simple mechanism Social Diffusion A pilot lot of 60 improved hand pumps have been installed at various villages of Sikar district in Rajasthan. The design is under evaluation by the Public Health and Engineering Department, Government of Rajasthan which is responsible for the installations of new hand pumps and maintenance of the existing one before finally taking it up for diffusion. Efforts are on to get the design approved by the respective government department and make it mandatory for installment in certain fixed ratio.



Constructional Details

Material Dimensions (inch) Qty Hand Pump Head MS Plate-top 10 x 7.5 x 5mm 1 MS Plate-bottom 9 x 7.5 x 5mm 1 MS Pipe 6 x 6 1 Socket 1.25 1 MS Pipe 1.25 x 2 1 Modifications 1 (1 liter storage in existing pump) Socket 0.75 2 Nipple 0.75 x 3 1 Tap 0.75 1 Angle 2.5 x 3mm x 45mm 1 Modification 2 (25% water diversion into animal trough) Socket 0.5 1 Nipple 0.5 x 2 1 Nipple 0.5 x 15 1 Valve 0.5 1 Pipe 1.25 x 15 1

Solid model of original hand pump



Internal Details of Modified hand pump

Solid model of Modified hand pump



Development Steps for conducting modifications in existing Hand Pump heads

Make two holes of 0.5-inch diameter and 0.75-inch diameter each, perpendicular to the axis of original hand pump’s outlet pipe (5). The holes can be made by either drilling or gas cutting operations.

Fix up a 2 inch pipe at the delivery valve situated inside the hand pump body to maintain certain level of water inside the hand pump body even if the non return mechanism is not working properly

Weld the pipes in respective holes and attach tap and valves. Weld the angle such that it covers the main output pipe of hand pump so that

water can be stored up to the height of the angle. This trapped water will be used for drinking purpose.

Make all weld beads as well as angle corrosion resistant either by coating or electro plating.

It costs about Rs. 250/- in carrying out these modifications in the existing hand pump head. Installation would cost about Rs. 500/- and animal trough construction costs about Rs. 2500/-.

Solid model of new hand pump (View 1)



Solid model of new hand pump (View 2) Development steps for new modified Hand Pump head

The first step would be to construct the main head of hand pump. This include the fixing up of top and bottom plates having the 6x6 inch pimpe in between and a socket (1.25”) welded at the center of bottom plate as shown in figure.

In this construction, the main output pipe will not be at the lower plate of body but it would be fixed at a height of 8cm from the base plate. This will ensure that the water does not come out before filling the body with some amount of water. This trapped water will be used for drinking purpose.

Make two holes of 0.5-inch diameter and 0.75-inch diameter each, perpendicular to the axis of original hand pump’s outlet pipe (5). The holes can be made by either drilling or gas cutting operations.

Fix up a 2 inch pipe at the delivery valve situated inside the hand pump body to maintain certain level of water inside the hand pump body even if the non return mechanism is not working properly

Weld the pipes in respective holes and attach tap and valves. Make all weld beads as well as angle corrosion resistant either by coating or

electro plating. It costs about Rs. 1200/- in developing a fresh hand pump head. Installation

would costs about Rs. 500/- and animal trough construction costs about Rs. 2500/-.

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