Important Points

• See today’s notes: http://mctcteach.org/astronomy/– Objectives, Lecture Summary, Homework

• If you haven’t given me a code to use for your grades on the class website, see me after.

• 2nd D2L Quiz is available. Take the quizzes as often as you want. Not graded.

Moon

Moon Terminology

http://www.astronomy.org/StarWatch/January/1-15-08-moon.jpg

•Terminator•Craters•Mare•Phases•Rotation•Revolution

Observing Projects:Moon Phases (starts today)Moon Craters (starts next week)

Motion

• Everything is in motion• Some motion is easy to see, some is not

• Earth rotates and revolves in the counterclockwise direction

• Moon rotates and revolves in the counterclockwise direction

Moon’s Motion

You decide to watch our moon for a few hours one night. Which way does it move in the sky?1. Toward the east2. Toward the west

(Show on Starry Night)

What is moving?1. Moon orbits2. Earth spins3. Both

What is moving that predominantly causes the motion you just saw?

1. Moon orbits2. Earth spins3. Sun moves

About how long does Earth take to spin (rotate) once?1. ~1 hour2. ~1 day3. ~1 month4. ~1 year

About how long does Moon take to orbit (revolve) once around Earth?1. ~1 hour2. ~1 day3. ~1 month4. ~1 year

Which way does Moon revolve (orbit)?1. Same direction that Earth spins2. Opposite direction that Earth spins

(View from space with Solar System simulator)(Draw it)

If you watch Moon for a few hours, which motion dominates?

1. Moon’s motion due Earth’s spin (rotation)2. Moon’s motion due to its own orbit around

Earth (revolution)

(Draw it)

If you note Moon’s position from one hour to the next, predict if it will move1. East to west2. West to east

If you note Moon’s position from one night to the next, predict if it will move1. East to west2. West to east

Starry Night for both

Conclusion on Moon’s motion: • Minute to minute the Sun, Moon, stars appear

to rise in east and set in west due to Earth’s spin (rotation).

• Day to day, Moon moves west to east due to Moon’s orbit (revolution) around Earth

How much does Moon move?

Add degrees to drawing

Moon Phases

What we see from Earth…New

Waxing Crescent

First Quarter

Waxing Gibbous

Full

Waning Gibbous

Last Quarter

Waning Crescent

Moon Phases

What we see from space…

Moon Phases

Orerry with light

Moon Phases

Orerry with light

Sun

Moon Phases

Drawing/explanation of Phases and Moon location in orbit around Earth

Observing Project: Moon Phases

Moon Phases Observation• Jan. 22 to Mar 3 to complete• Record phases and location of the Moon over 4

separate dates. Ideally you try to observe 2-4 different phases of the Moon. There are 8 phases of the Moon over ~28 days.

• Class website has more details in Moon Phases observation file.

• Turn in the Moon Phases Observation sheet (print from the website calendar).

http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap011015.html

http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap050623.html

http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/lighthouse_landolfi_big.jpg

http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap120824.html

• Does the Moon rotate?

• Moon’s libration• http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap040829.h

tml

Moon Phases Survey

Sun

Earth

Sunlight

NOT TO SCALE

Moon’s Orbit

A

B

C

D

E

Moon Phases SurveyTop viewNot to scaleFive positions of Moon

Sun

Earth

Sunlight

NOT TO SCALE

Moon’s Orbit

A

B

C

D

E

11. Which position of Moon has the GREATEST amount of sunlight illuminating the Moon’s surface?a. Ab. Bc. Cd. De. They all have the same amount of sunlight illuminating the surface.

Sun

Earth

Sunlight

NOT TO SCALE

Moon’s Orbit

A

B

C

D

E

12. Which position of Moon has the LEAST amount of sunlight illuminating the Moon’s surface?a. Ab. Bc. Cd. De. They all have the same amount of sunlight illuminating the surface.

SunEarth

Sunlight

NOT TO SCALE

Moon’s Orbit

A

B

C

DE

13. The arrow on the right points to one phase of the Moon. Which position in the drawing below corresponds to that phase?

SunEarth

Sunlight

NOT TO SCALE

Moon’s Orbit

A

B

C

DE

14. The arrow on the right points to one phase of the Moon. Which position in the drawing below corresponds to that phase?

SunEarth

Sunlight

NOT TO SCALE

Moon’s Orbit

A

B

C

DE

15. The arrow on the right points to one phase of the Moon. Which position in the drawing below corresponds to that phase?

Moon images from http://www.cstarsoas.org.nz/index.php?mod=art&id_pag=52

16. In the moon phase pictures on the right, what causes Moon to change its appearance this way?a. As Moon orbits Earth, Earth’s shadow covers Moon.b. Clouds block part of Moon from our view.c. As Moon orbits Earth, we see different views of

Moon’s sunlit side.

Moon Survey Answers

Sun

Earth

Sunlight

NOT TO SCALE

Moon’s Orbit

A

B

C

D

E

11. Which position of Moon has the GREATEST amount of sunlight illuminating the Moon’s surface?a. Ab. Bc. Cd. De. They all have the same amount of sunlight illuminating the surface.

Sun

Earth

Sunlight

NOT TO SCALE

Moon’s Orbit

A

B

C

D

E

12. Which position of Moon has the LEAST amount of sunlight illuminating the Moon’s surface?a. Ab. Bc. Cd. De. They all have the same amount of sunlight illuminating the surface.

SunEarth

Sunlight

NOT TO SCALE

Moon’s Orbit

A

B

C

DE

13. The arrow on the right points to one phase of the Moon. Which position in the drawing below corresponds to that phase?

SunEarth

Sunlight

NOT TO SCALE

Moon’s Orbit

A

B

C

DE

14. The arrow on the right points to one phase of the Moon. Which position in the drawing below corresponds to that phase?

SunEarth

Sunlight

NOT TO SCALE

Moon’s Orbit

A

B

C

DE

15. The arrow on the right points to one phase of the Moon. Which position in the drawing below corresponds to that phase?

Moon images from http://www.cstarsoas.org.nz/index.php?mod=art&id_pag=52

16. In the moon phase pictures on the right, what causes Moon to change its appearance this way?a. As Moon orbits Earth, Earth’s shadow covers Moon.b. Clouds block part of Moon from our view.c. As Moon orbits Earth, we see different views of

Moon’s sunlit side.

7 Observation Projects• Planetarium (10 points)• Sunset – Part 1 (10 points)• Moon Phases (10 points)• Safe Sun Prep Work (10 points)• Sunset – Part 2 (10 points)• Moon Craters (10 points)• Star Gazing (10 points)• Telescope (10 points)

TOTAL POINTS = 80

Sunset Part 1 Observation• Jan. 20 to Feb. 12 to complete• Take a picture of the sunset with 30o open region to

the right of the sun (spring sunset). Use fist method (arm outstretched) to measure 30o (3 fist lengths) to the right/north of sunset now.

• Specific directions on website for what you need to write down.

• Turn in the picture with details listed in the calendar sunset observation file.

• Part 2: Apr. 2 to Apr. 28 to complete the 2nd picture in EXACT SAME SPOT

7 Observation Projects

OBSERVING PROJECTS (All 7, in order of due date)• Planetarium (Exploradome at MCTC): Feb. 3• Sunset – Part 1 Start: Jan. 20; Due: Feb. 12• Moon Phases Start: Jan. 22; Due: Mar. 3• Safe Sun Prep Work Start: Mar. 19; Due: Mar. 26+• Sunset – Part 2 Start: Apr. 2; Due: Apr. 28• Moon Craters Start: Jan. 29; Due: May 5• Star Gazing Start: Jan. 29; Due: May 5• Telescope Start: Jan. 29; Due: May 5