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"The number of patent applications by Indians comprised only 0.3 per cent of the
total applications filed in the world, a disappointing figure for a country with a share
of 17 per cent of the world population
"According to an international survey of universities, not a single Indian university
figures in the list of top 200 universities in the world. While in the global list we didnot figure at all, we had only 11 institutes in the best 300 Asian universities
the young workforce of the country should be tapped and the country should
"channelise the productive energy of youth" which has the potential to transform
the economic fortunes.
http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-04-29/news/38904530_1_patent-
applications-top-200-universities-indian-universities
Highlights of the Recent Thomson Reuters Report
In 2010, India’s share of world research output was 3.5%.
India’s share of world’s research output was on a decline from 3.1% in 1981 till
the mid-1990s, and regained the 3.1% mark only in 2007. The current trend is
therefore an ascending one. [As a benchmark, China’s share of world publications
increased from 2.5% in 1996 to 11.7% in 2010, placing it at #2 globally!].
In terms of disciplines, India’s share of world publications was highest in
Agricultural Sciences, Plant and Animal Sciences and Chemistry in 1981. In 2010,
the three disciplines in which India had the highest shares were Chemistry,
Materials Science and Agricultural Sciences.
Indian research still has relatively low impact, though this has improved over
time. In 1981-85, India’s citation impact was 0.35 (compared to a world average of
1). By 2006-10, this had improved to 0.68.
The disciplines in which Indian research has the highest citation impact are
Psychiatry/Psychology (0.99), Engineering (0.95) and Physics (0.82). This means
that the citation impact of research in India is below the world average in every
discipline, but in at least two disciplines we are approaching the world average,
In the period 2006-10, 20% of Indian papers received more than the world
average of citations, and 35% received less than the world average. 45% of Indian
papers received no citations at all.
2.7% of India’s papers received more than 4 times the world average of citations,
and are labeled as highly cited papers. In 2006-10, Engineering had the highest
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proportion of highly cited papers (6.5%) and shows an upward trend on this
dimension, while both Chemistry and Physics showed a downward trend in highly
cited papers.
India has 2.3% of the world’s researchers and accounts for 1.6% of world
spending on R&D. India’s spending on R&D per researcher is about 80% more thanthat of China, but about half that of the US (in 2007, in PPP dollar terms).
What Needs to be Done
The good news from this report is clearly that the downward trend of research
output that began in 1981 was arrested by the mid-1990s, and India’s research
output has subsequently been on an upward trajectory. It is important that this
trajectory be maintained.
The efforts in recent years to improve funding for Science & Technology, enhance
the working conditions in academia and research institutions, and evangelise
science education appear to have paid off. The government has programmes like
INSPIRE that provide encouragement to budding young scientists. Tighter
accreditation of the universities under the revised NAC guidelines and the new
appraisal processes for faculty introduced by the UGC should also create pressure to
enhance research output across disciplines. So, overall, I suspect that volume
increases will not be difficult to sustain.
However, increasing quality is a much trickier issue. Here a more focused effort may
be required. The Thomson Reuters report has classified different fields according to
a combination of output and impact. There are three fields – Engineering, Physics
and Materials Science – that are the “stars,” i.e. above the Indian average on both
share of world research output and citation impact. These may be the best bets for
the future. Three other fields – Psychology, Computing and the Social Sciences are
above average on citation impact but not on output – these offer the opportunity to
scale up without losing quality. Of course, a more careful examination of resources,
distinctive research opportunities from India, and the existence of a critical mass of
researchers will be required before research priorities can be decided upon.
Having higher impact is also related to which journals you publish in. Journals with
high impact factors tend to have larger citation impact. Building the right research
agendas, being a part of the right networks, skills and aspirations to publish in the
top journals are important to be successful in such an endeavor. Some
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incentivisation to target higher impact journals may also help. At IIMB, our research
incentives that are sharply skewed in favour of publishing in higher ranked journals
have had some positive impact.
In expanding research output, we need to take some precautions as well. One is to
make sure that we guard against fraud. Increased pressure for research
performance and incentives linked to output will put our academics whose research
skills are poor or rusty at a disadvantage. Some of them may be tempted to resort
to fraud to meet institutional requirements for promotion. India is already known as
a major source of research fraud, and we will need to put in place better verification
and validation processes if we need to prevent this from spreading. A second and
related measure is to put in place support systems like mentoring and faculty
development programmes to help faculty sharpen their research skills
http://jugaadtoinnovation.blogspot.in/2013/07/indias-research-output-quantity.html
For comparative tables, open-
http://www.dst.gov.in/whats_new/whats_new12/report.pdf
To foster innovation, India must become the beacon, the safe haven that respects and rewards intellectual property, a
society that upholds and strengthens international commitments, and one that protects intellectual property rights with
a vengeance to spur and incentivise innovation.
The Indian government, recognising the power of innovation to kick-start socio-economic transformation, declared
2010-2020 as the "Decade of Innovation."
Just last year, the Government of India released its draft National IPR strategy, which is comprehensive. Still, over
the same period, India has erected barriers to international trade and investment across the full range of IP-intensive
industries.
Its limitations on foreign direct investment and preferential market access policies have limited investment in critical
ICT infrastructure development and trade in high-tech products, limiting India's ability to compete in the global
innovation economy.
The Indian Patent Controller has revoked patents and has compulsorily licensed biopharmaceutical products,
creating an unpredictable environment for future investment in innovation and R&D.
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There are grave concerns about intellectual property protection in India. The need for innovation is essential to the
well-being of every nation.
[https://www.google.co.in/url?
sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&ved=0CDMQFjAB&ur
l=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rediff.com%2Fmoney%2Fslide-show%2Fslide-show-1-column-why-india-lags-behind-in-innovation
%2F20130708.htm&ei=gmYfUt3lG8T7rAf4n4CIAQ&usg=AFQjCNF3sXna7yk
pXyYWpbwMJki6uoMwiA&sig2=ujY529Os6cvS1suOmN6gvg]
India fails to deliver on promises to boost science budget
In January, prime minister Manmohan Singh said the country should aim to double
its research
expenditure by 2017, to reach 2% of its gross domestic product. Under a new policy
on
science, technology and innovation, India was supposed to be increasing its number
of scientists by 66% by 2017, and enhance private-sector participation in research;
the
spending targets were also proposed in a five-year plan released in December 2012.
But the government’s proposals in India’s 2013–14 budget, released last week,
indicate
that it is actually trying to cut research spending. Nine research departments* share
some
US$6.9 billion, a mere 4% more than budgeted for 2012–13, and below the rate of
inflation.
the previous year’s budget for those departments was subsequently reviseddownwards by
some 30%, so that some reports
http://blogs.nature.com/news/2013/03/indiafailstodeliveronpromisestoboostscienceb
udget.html
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Budget 2013: Hidden rural innovations to get Rs 200 crore fund
He started an edible oil business quickly, but his mind was ticking even as he watched the
business grow. All around him in the state were cassava processing plants that were energy-
intensive, water-intensive, and polluting. With over 800 functioning units, cassava-processingwas a big business in Tamil Nadu. Could he make them more economical and
environmentfriendly? By 1998, he had developed a machine that uses substantially less water
and less energy, but he needed money to commercialise it. He got his break in 2006, when he
got a Rs 5.45 lakh grant from the department of science and technology (DST) to apply for a
patent. Last year, he got an award of Rs 5 lakh for the best commercialisable patent.
On budget day, Finance Minister P Chidambaram announced a special Rs 200-crore fund toscale up inventions like Rayar's grinding machine. He has closed his edible oil business and isnow operating a 20-tonne-per-day cassava-processing plant, and is all set to take his inventionto the market. "It takes Rs 50-60 lakh of investment to set up a commercial plant," says Rayar.Villages of India are teeming with innovations that go unnoticed, as many of them fall by the
wayside through lack of funding. Anil Gupta's fund, for example, has about 70 inventions readyfor commercialisation.
http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/emerging-businesses/startups/budget-2013-
hiddenrural-innovations-to-get-rs-200-crore-fund/articleshow/18784677.cms
graph of patents- http://www.teriin.org/div/briefing_paper_patents.pdf
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imp link- http://idjankit.wordpress.com/tag/lack-in-research-and-innovation/