Importance of zero
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Transcript of Importance of zero
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ZERO
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Focus Of Presentation
The History of Zero
Before Zero
Birth of Zero
Importance of Zero
In Mathematics
In Other Fields
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Life Without Zero
Can you imagine mathematics without zero?Numbers are used to count creatures or objects 40 cows in the field
Six loaves of bread at the marketplace
Counting zero sheep or loaves of bread does not make much sense
Zero was just not needed!
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Before Zero
Numbers were used for thousands of
years before they used zero
Historical records show different path
towards the concept
Zero made appearances only to vanish again
Mathematicians were searching for it ,yet did
not recognize its fundamental significance
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Egyptians
Egyptian hieroglyphics were used as early as 3500 B.C.E.
Egypt did not have or need a zero.
Even without zero, Egyptians became masters of mathematics.
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Greeks
The Greeks brought mathematics to its
highest point in ancient times.
Around 500 BC, the Greeks developed a
newer more sophisticated system
This way avoided repeated letters
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Romans
The Romans also had
a number system
It was a step back from
the less sophisticated
Egyptian system.
The Roman 87,
LXXXVII, requires
seven symbols, with
several repeats
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Still…
The Egyptian, Greek and Roman number
systems had no zeros
Even though the Greek number system
was more sophisticated than the Egyptian
and Greek, it was not the most advanced.
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Babylonians
2500 B.C.E., the Babylonians used a system of
two symbols
Base 60
They sometimes used a space to represent an
empty position.
By about 200 C.E., they used a pair of small
triangles to represent an empty position.
Babylonians never actually invented a zero, they
made an important first step!
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Babylonians
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Birth of Zero
In the history of culture the discovery of zero will always stand out as one of the greatest single achievements of the human race.
-Tobias Danzig
Without zero we would lack
Calculus, financial accounting, the ability to make arithmetic computations quickly and computers!
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India
Hindu culture had a positional number system in base tenThey used a dot to represent an empty place Sunya which meant “empty” was the name for this
dot
At this point, the early zero was a placeholder and an aid in computation
By 500 C.E., the Hindus use a small circle to represent Zero!This circle was recognized as a numeral
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Hindu- Arabic Numerals
Arabic people recognized the value of the
Hindu system
They adapted the numerals and computation
Then spread the ideas in their travels
The zero was named with the Arabic word
sifz
The actual word “zero” came from Italy
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Fear of Zero!
Europeans resisted Hindu-Arabic numerals
It seemed strange The numerals, including zero, were not
accepted
Florence, Italy, passed a law prohibiting the use of the numerals 0 could be changed to look like 6 or 9
Slowly, the numbers became accepted1500s
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Use of Zero
By 130 AD Ptolemy was using a symbol
for Zero.
It was used alone and hence was the first
documented use of the number zero in the
old world.
The Oldest known text to use Zero in the
decimal place value system was the Jain
text dated 458AD
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Spreading The News
Leonardo of Pisa, known as Fibonacci Born to a merchant
family living in North Africa
Learned Hindu-Arabic numerals from his Arabic tutors
He brought the news of zero and new computational methods to Europe in his book
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Importance of Zero
It plays a central role in math. As a additive identity
in integers ,real nos. and other algebraic structures
As a place holder in the place value system.
It has been called a natural no.and has a special role in measuring of physical quantities.
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In the real-number system,
0 is the only number that is neither negative
nor positive.
It represents the boundary between the
negative and the positive numbers.
This property makes 0 the natural starting
point, or origin, on many scales, as on the
coordinate axes and on thermometers.
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Zero Is A Special Number
If we add 0 to any number, the sum is the
original number
Same is true for subtraction
If you multiply any number by 0, the product is
0
If you raise any nonzero number to the power
of 0, the resulting number is 1
If you divide 0 by any nonzero, the quotient is 0
Any number divided by 0 is undefined
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Zero is…..
It is the number that separates positive
numbers from negative numbers
It is a natural number
It is even
It is the integer that precedes one
Zero must sit in its rightful place on the
number line, before on and after negative
one
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YET….
zero sits at the end of the computer key
board
At the bottom of the telephone!
Because we always start counting with
one!
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Resources Anthony, Glenda, and Margaret Walshaw. “Zero: A
“None” Number?” Teaching Children Mathematics.
August 2004
Humes, Alexander. Zero to Lazy Eight, The
Romance of Numbers. Simon and Shuster. New York,
New York, 1993.
Ifrah, Grorges. The Universal History of Numbers.
John Wiley and sons, Inc. New York, New York, 2006.
O’Connor, JJ and E F Robertson. “History Topic: A
history of Zero,” MacTutor History of Mathematics.
Noverber 2000. http://www-history.mcs.st-
andrews.ac.uk/HistTopics/Zero.html
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Resources
Seife, Charles. Zero: The Biography of a Dangerous Idea. Penguin Group Penugin Putnam Inc. New York, New York, 2000.
Wallin, Nils-Bertil. “The History of Zero, How was Zero Discovered?” Yale Global, 19 November, 2002.
Wilson, Patricia S. “Zero: A Special Case.” Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School. 6 no 5 300-3, 308-9 Jan 2001.
“O” Wikipedia, May 2007. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_%28number%29
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This Presentation can be
used for Classes V TO
VII
for Maths Activities