Hydraulic Analysis of Jamma’in Water Distribution Network

Importance Of WaterWater is life. Living on the earth may be

impossible without adequate water quality and quantity.

Water makes up more than half of your body weight and a person can't survive for more than a few days without it.

Water is needed on daily basis in all activities

Importance Of WDNs

. Water Distribution Networks (WDNs) are required for suppling users with water

WDNs connect consumers to sources of water by using hydraulic components, such as pipes, valves, reservoirs and pumps

Importance Of WDNs

WDNs must transmit and distribute water for population. Using a network of pipes to distribute water is a suitable and a safe way since the pipes cover the water

Objectives of this project The main goals of this project are:

To evaluate the existing WDNs system in Jamma’in town .

To recommend lane modifications to fit the increasing water demands up to planning horizon of 2035.

Methodology

velocity and pressureAccording to the Palestinian Water Authority,

velocity and pressure limits are as follows:

The velocities here are in the range of (0.3-2) m\s.

The pressure limits are in the range of (20-90) m.

Water resource in PalestineGroundwaterGroundwater basins in West Bank include: 1. Eastern basin 2. Western Basin 3. North East basin

Water resource in PalestineSurface water Wadis Jordan River

Mekerot

Descriptive of study area Jamma’in is located about 16 km to the

southwest of Nablus. with total surface area of about 21,000 dunums.

The built up areas of it is 2,912 dunms and its population is around 6,000 people

Jamma’in town is a hilly area, the hills being used for pasture, with elevations varying from 400 m to 600 m above sea level in the hills

The source of water in Jamma’in town is Mekrot company. It is to pump water to reservoir of capacity equals to 280 cubic meters and elevation is 612m above mean sea level. where water is to flow by gravity distribution system of the service area

Jamma’in Network The total length of the pipes in the proposed

network is estimated at about 19.5 Km with pipe diameters of 4", 3",2"and 1“

As mentioned above, in the existing system water is directly pumped through the mains to the consumers, but in the proposed system, it is planned to gravity (without pump) the water through a pipeline to an existing reservoir

Jamma’in Houses map

Analysis of the Network Using EPANET

Steady-State Analysis

Steady state analysis indicates the steady condition of using the water all the day hours

Steady state analysis was performed on the year of (2009); this means the existing condition in the village. We use 2009 year data to for analysis.

The data needed for analysis Demand for each nodeElevation for each node(obtained from

contour map )Diameter and length for each pipe (obtained

from AutoCAD drawing of Jamma’in WDN)Elevation and Volume of the reservoir

Demand Calculation To estimate the demand we need the

following data:Water Consumption : this obtained from

Municipal of Jamma’inArea of each node : from AutoCAD The area for each zone in AutoCAD drawing

is equivalent to the area of the houses served by the nodes

Demand CalculationFactor(Population density) : this factor equals

to the population rate per square meter of homes and this factor equals 0.0118 person/ m²

Factor of losses Factor= (1/ (1- losses %)

Demand CalculationLoss: is the difference between the quantity

of water delivered to the system and the quantity registered by the water meters of the consumers .

Losses from the network take from the data that related to year 2009:

Percent of losses= (( Demand- Consumption)/ Demand)

Demand Calculation DEMAND = 0.0188 * water Consumption *

Area of the Zone (node)* losses factor

The obtained value used in EPANET analysis

Future per Capita Water Demand

To estimate future water demand for each node, the nodal water demand shall be multiplied by the future demand factor

Future Multiplication Factor = (Future demand/Present demand) *(Future

population/Present population)

Future demand = 125 liter/capita/day (it takes in the range100-150 l/c/d)

Future population Pf = Pp (1+r) ⁿ

Pf: future population Pp: present population r: growth rate n: # of years

Populationyear Population(persons)1922 7201931 9571945 12701961 19651982 26001987 29001997 43002007 56172009 5935

The pressure for present for nodes in the network

the velocities for present for pipes in the network

Hazen-William CoefficientFor Present analysis the Hazen-William

Coefficient (CHW) =120

For Future analysis the Hazen-William Coefficient (CHW) =100.

DesignIt should be taken in consideration that the

pipes diameters which used in establishing the network may affect over the pressure; therefore we need to choose the best diameters that make the WDN works in the best rate.

DesignIt would be ideal if the future design for the

WDN satisfies the acceptable range of pressure and velocity for each node, so that the network works in it is maximum efficiency and serviceability

The velocities here are in the range of (0.3-2) m\s.

The pressure limits are in the range of (20-90) m.