Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the properties of … · 2016. 2. 10. · 10....

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10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the properties of a forged part Report from a project by the GCFG and the IMU on „how to make yield stress – strain curves properly“ G. H. Arfmann, M. Twickler*) *)G. H. Arfmann and M. Twickler are joint managing director of CPM GmbH, Germany © CPM Gesellschaft für Computeranwendung, Prozess- und Materialtechnik mbH 28° SENAFOR – 12 a International Forging Conference Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 9.-10. October 2008

Transcript of Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the properties of … · 2016. 2. 10. · 10....

Page 1: Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the properties of … · 2016. 2. 10. · 10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the

10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR

Importance of the yield stress –strain curvesfor the properties of a forged part

Report from a project by the GCFG and the IMU on „how tomake yield stress – strain curves properly“

G. H. Arfmann, M. Twickler*)

*) G. H. Arfmann and M. Twickler are joint managing director of CPM GmbH, Germany

© CPM Gesellschaft für Computeranwendung, Prozess-und Materialtechnik mbH

28° SENAFOR – 12a International Forging Conference

Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 9.-10. October 2008

Page 2: Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the properties of … · 2016. 2. 10. · 10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the

10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR © CPM Gesellschaft für Computeranwendung, Prozess-und Materialtechnik mbH

28° SENAFOR – 12a International Forging Conference - Importance of yield stress – strain curves…

Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 9.-10. October 2008

• Industrial simulation

Page 3: Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the properties of … · 2016. 2. 10. · 10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the

10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR © CPM Gesellschaft für Computeranwendung, Prozess-und Materialtechnik mbH

28° SENAFOR – 12a International Forging Conference - Importance of yield stress – strain curves…

Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 9.-10. October 2008

• Industrial simulation

Page 4: Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the properties of … · 2016. 2. 10. · 10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the

10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR © CPM Gesellschaft für Computeranwendung, Prozess-und Materialtechnik mbH

28° SENAFOR – 12a International Forging Conference - Importance of yield stress – strain curves…

Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 9.-10. October 2008

• Industrial simulation

Page 5: Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the properties of … · 2016. 2. 10. · 10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the

10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR © CPM Gesellschaft für Computeranwendung, Prozess-und Materialtechnik mbH

28° SENAFOR – 12a International Forging Conference - Importance of yield stress – strain curves…

Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 9.-10. October 2008

• Industrial simulation

Page 6: Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the properties of … · 2016. 2. 10. · 10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the

10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR © CPM Gesellschaft für Computeranwendung, Prozess-und Materialtechnik mbH

Situation leading to the project

Metal forming simulation in forging showing- geometry and material flow- stresses and tooling loads- microstructure

⇒ Requirements to the quality of material data (yield stress-strain, etc.)- completeness of data- reliable measurement method- precise and reproducible measurement

⇒ necessity to formulate a guideline to describe - the measurement method- the necessary equipment- the measurement technique- the documentation- etc.

=> Find a guide line (best practice) “how” to measure yield stress - strain

28° SENAFOR – 12a International Forging Conference - Importance of yield stress – strain curves…

Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 9.-10. October 2008

Page 7: Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the properties of … · 2016. 2. 10. · 10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the

10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR

LEISTRITZ Turbinenkomponenten Remscheid GmbH

© Peter Janschek, Leitritz Turbinenbau GmbH, Remscheid, Germany

28° SENAFOR – 12a International Forging Conference - Importance of yield stress – strain curves…

Page 8: Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the properties of … · 2016. 2. 10. · 10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the

10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR

Schnitt durch ein Flugtriebwerk

Rear Cone

© Peter Janschek, Leitritz Turbinenbau GmbH, Remscheid, Germany

28° SENAFOR – 12a International Forging Conference - Importance of yield stress – strain curves…

Page 9: Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the properties of … · 2016. 2. 10. · 10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the

10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR

Ultraschall-prüfung

• Krautkrämer USP 1200

• Krautkrämer UPR-7

Drehen auf Ultraschall-Prüfkontur

• universal CNC Drehmaschinen

Schmieden

• Hydraulische Presse 50 MN

• Gegenschlag-hammer 630kJ

Anlage

Rißprüfung

• Farbeindring-stoffprüfung

Fertigungsfolge für Turbinenscheiben

Wärme-behandlun

g

• Automatische Wbh-Anlage mit Öl-Abschreck-becken

• Drehherdöfen © Peter Janschek, Leitritz Turbinenbau GmbH, Remscheid, Germany

28° SENAFOR – 12a International Forging Conference - Importance of yield stress – strain curves…

Page 10: Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the properties of … · 2016. 2. 10. · 10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the

10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR

Prozesse

Fertigung von der Stange zur Scheibe

© Peter Janschek, Leitritz Turbinenbau GmbH, Remscheid, Germany

28° SENAFOR – 12a International Forging Conference - Importance of yield stress – strain curves…

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10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR

Prozess

Produkte

• BR 710/715 HPC Stages 4-6• BR 710 HPT Stages 1+2• EJ 200 Cover plate + HPT

Billet Pancake Fertig-schmiede

n

Scheiben-Fertigungsprozess iso-iso (2mal Isotherm-Presse)

© Peter Janschek, Leitritz Turbinenbau GmbH, Remscheid, Germany

28° SENAFOR – 12a International Forging Conference - Importance of yield stress – strain curves…

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10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR

Scheibe nach dem Vorschmieden –Ringkerbe auf der Unterseite

© Peter Janschek, Leitritz Turbinenbau GmbH, Remscheid, Germany

28° SENAFOR – 12a International Forging Conference - Importance of yield stress – strain curves…

Page 13: Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the properties of … · 2016. 2. 10. · 10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the

10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR

Fliesslinien zeigen keine Unregelmässigkeit

FL IESS-

L IN IEN

MIN /MA X 0.0000

0.0000

X -K oordinate in mm

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

© Peter Janschek, Leitritz Turbinenbau GmbH, Remscheid, Germany

28° SENAFOR – 12a International Forging Conference - Importance of yield stress – strain curves…

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10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR

Woher kommt die Kerbe?

1 2 3 4 5 6

9507-stoeckel -vo

X -K oordinate in m

20 40 60 80 100 120 1

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

1 2 3 4 5 6

9507-stoeckel -vore.f in

X -K oordinate in m m

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

1 2 3 4 5 6

1 2 3 4 5 6

X -K oordinate in

80 100 120

© Peter Janschek, Leitritz Turbinenbau GmbH, Remscheid, Germany

28° SENAFOR – 12a International Forging Conference - Importance of yield stress – strain curves…

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10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR

Temperaturverteilung beim Vorschmieden

1100.0

1000.0

900.0

800.0

700.0

600.0

500.0

400.0

300.0

200.0

T EM P

( °C )

M I N /M A X 1063.1

356.7

X -K oordinate in m m

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

© Peter Janschek, Leitritz Turbinenbau GmbH, Remscheid, Germany

28° SENAFOR – 12a International Forging Conference - Importance of yield stress – strain curves…

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10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR

Temperaturverlauf des Eckelements

EL EMEN T 546 , K OORD IN A TEN : 98.50 6.46

TEMP

( °C )

PROZESSZEIT IN s10 20 30 40 50 60

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

1000

1 2 3 4 5 6

© Peter Janschek, Leitritz Turbinenbau GmbH, Remscheid, Germany

28° SENAFOR – 12a International Forging Conference - Importance of yield stress – strain curves…

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Fliesskurve ist nur zwischen 950 und 1070°C definiert!

© Peter Janschek, Leitritz Turbinenbau GmbH, Remscheid, Germany

28° SENAFOR – 12a International Forging Conference - Importance of yield stress – strain curves…

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Erweiterung des Temperaturbereichs

© Peter Janschek, Leitritz Turbinenbau GmbH, Remscheid, Germany

28° SENAFOR – 12a International Forging Conference - Importance of yield stress – strain curves…

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Mit gültigen Fliesskurven wird das Verhalten richtig abgebildet 9507-stoeckel -vor-f k -erw e.f in

W erkzeug 1( 300°C )

W erkzeug 2( 300°C )

X -K oordinate in m m

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

© Peter Janschek, Leitritz Turbinenbau GmbH, Remscheid, Germany

28° SENAFOR – 12a International Forging Conference - Importance of yield stress – strain curves…

Page 20: Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the properties of … · 2016. 2. 10. · 10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the

10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR

Die Fliesslinien zeigen eine Störung im Stofffluss 9507-stoeckel -vor-f k -erw e.f in

FL I ESS-

L I N I EN

M I N /M A X 0.0000

0.0000

X -K oordinate in m m

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

© Peter Janschek, Leitritz Turbinenbau GmbH, Remscheid, Germany

28° SENAFOR – 12a International Forging Conference - Importance of yield stress – strain curves…

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10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR X -K oordinate in m m

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

X -K oordinate in

20 40 60 80 100 120

-20

0

20

40

60

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140

Änderung des Eckenradius auf R = 20 mm – Simulation ohne Fehler

© Peter Janschek, Leitritz Turbinenbau GmbH, Remscheid, Germany

28° SENAFOR – 12a International Forging Conference - Importance of yield stress – strain curves…

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10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR

Auch die Fliesslinien laufen jetzt gleichmässig

FL IESS-

L IN IEN

M IN /MA X 0.0000

0.0000

X -K oordinate in m m

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

© Peter Janschek, Leitritz Turbinenbau GmbH, Remscheid, Germany

28° SENAFOR – 12a International Forging Conference - Importance of yield stress – strain curves…

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Das Schmiedeteil zeigt sich nach der Radienänderung fehlerfrei

© Peter Janschek, Leitritz Turbinenbau GmbH, Remscheid, Germany

28° SENAFOR – 12a International Forging Conference - Importance of yield stress – strain curves…

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10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR

Fazit:

• korrekte Simulationsergebnisse setzen

(u.a.) gültige Fliesskurven voraus

• Gültig bedeutet für die Benutzung von

Tabellen:

Fliesskurven müssen im gesamten

Temperatur-, Geschwindigkeits- und

Umformgradfeld, das während der

Simulation berechnet wird, Stützwerte

aus Messungen besitzen

© Peter Janschek, Leitritz Turbinenbau GmbH, Remscheid, Germany

28° SENAFOR – 12a International Forging Conference - Importance of yield stress – strain curves…

Page 25: Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the properties of … · 2016. 2. 10. · 10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the

10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR © CPM Gesellschaft für Computeranwendung, Prozess-und Materialtechnik mbH

Project schedule (part 1)

Pre - Phase: October 2005

Project Start: December 2005 / January 2006

Contact with potential participants: January 2006

Final agreement about participation between the partners: till March 2006

28° SENAFOR – 12a International Forging Conference - Importance of yield stress – strain curves…

Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 9.-10. October 2008

Page 26: Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the properties of … · 2016. 2. 10. · 10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the

10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR © CPM Gesellschaft für Computeranwendung, Prozess-und Materialtechnik mbH

Participating research institutes and their activity in the project

IAM Duisburg Cold Hot Anonymous 1 (cancelled)

IEHK Aachen Hot

IFU Stuttgart Cold Hot

IFUM Hannover Cold Hot

Anonymous 2 (later stopped) Cold Hot

IMFT Freiberg Cold Hot

LFT Erlangen Cold Hot

Anonymous 3 (later stopped) Cold Hot

Anonymous 4 (cancelled)

28° SENAFOR – 12a International Forging Conference - Importance of yield stress – strain curves…

Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 9.-10. October 2008

Page 27: Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the properties of … · 2016. 2. 10. · 10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the

10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR © CPM Gesellschaft für Computeranwendung, Prozess-und Materialtechnik mbH

Participating Industry

CDP Bharat Specimens provided (hot)

Hatebur

Hirschvogel Specimens provided (cold and hot)

Leistriz

IMU

Tekfor

Daimler Chrysler

Gerlach

28° SENAFOR – 12a International Forging Conference - Importance of yield stress – strain curves…

Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 9.-10. October 2008

Page 28: Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the properties of … · 2016. 2. 10. · 10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the

10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR © CPM Gesellschaft für Computeranwendung, Prozess-und Materialtechnik mbH

Specification of specimen shapes by the institutes: till Mai 2006

Agreement with two ind. Partners to make the specimens: till Mai 2006

Specimen drawings sent to the industrial partners: 02. 06. 2006

Specimens for the cold tests sent to the institutes: 09. 10. 2006

First results of Yield stress – strain curves (cold): 13.03.2007

First project meeting: 14.03.2007

28° SENAFOR – 12a International Forging Conference - Importance of yield stress – strain curves…

Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 9.-10. October 2008

Project schedule (part 2)

Page 29: Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the properties of … · 2016. 2. 10. · 10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the

10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR © CPM Gesellschaft für Computeranwendung, Prozess-und Materialtechnik mbH

Specimens for the hot tests sent to the institutes: 16. 03. 2007

Further results of Yield stress – strain curves (cold): : till 17.12.2007

Results of Yield stress – strain curves (reference test - cold): till 17.12.2007

Further results (cold) related to ‘specimen shape‘ and ‘corrections‘: till 17.12.2007

First results of Yield stress – strain curves (hot): till 17.12.2007

Second project meeting: 18.12.2007

28° SENAFOR – 12a International Forging Conference - Importance of yield stress – strain curves…

Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 9.-10. October 2008

Project schedule (part 3)

Page 30: Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the properties of … · 2016. 2. 10. · 10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the

10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR © CPM Gesellschaft für Computeranwendung, Prozess-und Materialtechnik mbH

Corrected results for the reference test (cold): till 05.05.2008

Results for the reference test (hot): till 05.05.2008

Third project meeting: 05.05.2008

Corrected results for the reference test (hot): July 2008

28° SENAFOR – 12a International Forging Conference - Importance of yield stress – strain curves…

Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 9.-10. October 2008

Project schedule (part 4)

Page 31: Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the properties of … · 2016. 2. 10. · 10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the

10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR © CPM Gesellschaft für Computeranwendung, Prozess-und Materialtechnik mbH

Werkstoffauswahl (Industriebefragung)

Firmen Kalt Firmen Warm Firmen Halbwarm

EN AW-5754 EN AW-Al Mg3 DIN EN 573-3 : 2003-10 EJOTEN AW-6060 EN AW-Al MgSi DIN EN 573-3 : 2003-10 EJOT

EN AW-7075EN AW-Al

Zn5,5MgCu DIN EN 573-3 : 2003-10 EJOTAlSi1Mg CDP Bharat (400…520)AlSi1MgCu CDP Bharat (400…520)AlMgSiCu Hirschvogel

1.0214 QST 36-3 / 10 C 10 DIN 1654 / EN 10263-2 TEXTRON1.0205 Rst 36-2 TEXTRON1.0234 QSt 38-3 / C 15 C DIN 1654 / EN 10263 TEXTRON1.0303 QSt 32-3 TEXTRON

1.0503 C45DIN EN 10250-2 (12/1999), DIN EN 10277-2 (10/1999)

Presta 20,100,200,250,300,350,400,450,500

°C

Presta

1.0535 C55 DIN EN 10250-2 (12/1999)

Presta 20,100,200,250,300,350,400,450,500

°C

Presta

1.1132 Cq 15 DIN 1654 / EN 10263 TEXTRON1.1152 Cq 22 TEXTRON1.1192 Cq45 DIN EN 10263-4 (02/2002) Presta Presta

1.1199 49MnVS 3 Fridingen1.1213 Cf53 GKN, Daimler GKN, Daimler GKN, Daimler1.1303 38MnSV6 Fridingen

38MnVS5 Gerlach, Daimler38MnSi6 CDP Bharat (650...950) CDP Bharat (650...950)

1.1352 30MnVS6 Fridingen, Daimler1.1519 17CrNi6 Fridingen Fridingen1.4016 X 6 Cr17 TEXTRON1.4301 X 5 CrNi 1810 TEXTRON

X 5 CrNi Cu 189 TEXTRON1.4305 X8CrNiS 18-9 Fridingen Fridingen1.4541 X 6 CrNiTi 1810 TEXTRON1.5213 27MnSV6 Fridingen1.5508 22 B2 / 23 B2 DIN 1654 / EN 10263 TEXTRON1.5508 25 CrB2 TEXTRON1.5508

(Sondergüte) 18 B3 / 23 B2 DIN 1654 / EN 10263 TEXTRON1.5511 35 B2 DIN 1654 / EN 10263 TEXTRON

Werkstoffnorm Werkstoff-Nr. Werkstoff-

bezeichnung

28° SENAFOR – 12a International Forging Conference - Importance of yield stress – strain curves…

Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 9.-10. October 2008

Page 32: Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the properties of … · 2016. 2. 10. · 10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the

10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR © CPM Gesellschaft für Computeranwendung, Prozess-und Materialtechnik mbH

Werkstoffauswahl (Industriebefragung)Firmen Kalt Firmen Warm Firmen Halbwarm

1.5535 23MnB4 DIN EN 10263-4 EJOT, Textron EJOT1.6580 30CrNiMo8 Fridingen Fridingen1.6587 17CrNiMo6 Fridingen Fridingen1.7015 15Cr3 Daimler1.7018 9 SMnPb28 Fridingen Fridingen1.7034 37 Cr4 TEXTRON1.7076 32 CrB4 DIN 1654 / EN 10263-4 TEXTRON1.7131 16 MnCr 5 TEXTRON, Daimler, Hirschvogel CDP Bharat (650...950) CDP Bharat (650...950)1.7147 20MnCR5 DIN EN 10084 : 1998-06 GKN, Hirschvogel Fridin gen, GKN Fridingen, GKN

1.7149 20MnCrS5DIN EN 10263-3 (02/2002),DIN EN 10277-4 (10/1999)

Presta 20,100,200,250,300,350,400,450,500

°C

Presta

1.7168 20 MnCrB5 TEXTRON1.7182 27MnCrB5 2 Fridingen Fridingen1.7220 34CrMo4 DIN EN 10263-4 EJOT, Textron, Daimler, Hirsc hvogel EJOT1.7225 42 CrMo 4 TEXTRON Gerlach

42CrMoV4 CDP Bharat (650...950) CDP Bharat (650...950)1.7321 20MnCr4 Daimler Fridingen Fridingen

1.7323 20MoCrS4DIN EN 10084 (06/1998), DIN EN 10263-3 (02/2002)

Presta 20,100,200,250,300,350,400,450,500

°C

Presta

1.7325 25MoCr 4 Fridingen Fridingen

1.7326 25MoCrS4

Presta 20,100,200,250,300,350,400,450,500

°C

Presta

1.7333 22CrMoS3 5 Fridingen Fridingen1.7335 15CrMo5 Fridingen Fridingen1.7709 21 CrMoV57 DIN 1654 / EN 10263 TEXTRON1.8519 31 CrMoV9 Fridingen Fridingen

100Cr6 CDP Bharat (650...950) CDP Bharat (650...950)70MnVS4 DaimlerC70S6 Daimler23MnCrMo5 Daimler21NiCrMoS6 HirschvogelSAE1050 Hirschvogel

2.4668 Inco718 Leistriz3.7164 Titan64 TiAl6V4 Leistriz

Ti6246 LeistrizTi6242 LeistrizTi834 LeistrizTi829 LeistrizTi811 LeistrizTi679 LeistrizAluminium2618 UNSA92618 Leistriz

Werkstoffnorm Werkstoff-Nr. Werkstoff-

bezeichnung

28° SENAFOR – 12a International Forging Conference - Importance of yield stress – strain curves…

Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 9.-10. October 2008

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10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR © CPM Gesellschaft für Computeranwendung, Prozess-und Materialtechnik mbH

Materials and testing parameters

Cold

Material: 16 Mn Cr S 5

Temperatures: 20°C, 100°C, 200°C

Strain rates : 0,1/sec, 1,0/sec, 10,0/sec

Hot

Material: 38 Mn Si V S 5

Temperatures: 800°C, 950°C, 1100°C

Strain rates : 0,1/sec, 1,0/sec, 10,0/sec

28° SENAFOR – 12a International Forging Conference - Importance of yield stress – strain curves…

Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 9.-10. October 2008

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10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR © CPM Gesellschaft für Computeranwendung, Prozess-und Materialtechnik mbH

20°C 100°C 200°C

0.1 1 10 0.1 1 10 0.1 1 10

MPIE

IAM

LFT

IMFT

IFUM

IFU

28° SENAFOR – 12a International Forging Conference - Importance of yield stress – strain curves…

Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 9.-10. October 2008

Available results for the yield stress- strain curves (cold), phase 1

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16MnCrS5, 20°C, 0.1/sec

0

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0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,2

Umformgrad

Flie

ßsp

annu

ng in

MP

a

kalt-1

kalt-5

kalt-3

kalt-2

16MnCrS5, 20°C, 1.0/sec

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900

1000

0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 1,1 1,2

Umformgrad

Flie

ßsp

annu

ng in

MP

a

kalt-5

kalt-3

kalt-2

© CPM Gesellschaft für Computeranwendung, Prozess-und Materialtechnik mbH

16MnCrS5, 20°C, 10.0/sec

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 1,1 1,2

Umformgrad

Fle

ißsp

anni

ng in

MP

a

kalt-5

kalt-3

kalt-2

here: T = 20°C

28° SENAFOR – 12a International Forging Conference - Importance of yield stress – strain curves…

Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 9.-10. October 2008

Available results for the yield stress- strain curves (cold), phase 1

Page 36: Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the properties of … · 2016. 2. 10. · 10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the

10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR

16MnCrS5, 100°C, 0.1/sec

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 1,1 1,2

Umformgrad

Flie

ßsp

annu

ng in

MP

a

kalt-5

kalt-3

16MnCrS5, 100°C, 1.0/sec

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 1,1 1,2

Umformgrad

Flie

ßsp

annu

ng in

MP

a

kalt-5

kalt-3

kalt-2

© CPM Gesellschaft für Computeranwendung, Prozess-und Materialtechnik mbH

16MnCrS5, 100°C, 10.0/sec

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 1,1 1,2

Umformgrad

Flie

ßsp

annu

ng in

MP

a

kalt-5

kalt-3

kalt-2

here: T = 100°C

28° SENAFOR – 12a International Forging Conference - Importance of yield stress – strain curves…

Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 9.-10. October 2008

Available results for the yield stress- strain curves (cold), phase 1

Page 37: Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the properties of … · 2016. 2. 10. · 10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the

10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR

16MnCrS5, 200°C, 0.1/sec

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 1,1 1,2

Umformgrad

Flie

ßsp

annu

ng in

MP

a

kalt-5

kalt-3

16MnCrS5, 200°C, 1.0/sec

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 1,1 1,2

Umformgrad

Flie

ßsp

annu

ng in

MP

a

kalt-5

kalt-3

© CPM Gesellschaft für Computeranwendung, Prozess-und Materialtechnik mbH

16MnCrS5, 200°C, 10.0/sec

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 1,1 1,2

Umformgrad

Flie

ßsp

annu

ng in

MP

a

kalt-5

kalt-3

here: T = 200°C

28° SENAFOR – 12a International Forging Conference - Importance of yield stress – strain curves…

Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 9.-10. October 2008

Available results for the yield stress- strain curves (cold), phase 1

Page 38: Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the properties of … · 2016. 2. 10. · 10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the

10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR © CPM Gesellschaft für Computeranwendung, Prozess-und Materialtechnik mbH

16MnCrS5, 20°C, 0.1/sec

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,2

Umformgrad

Flie

ßsp

annu

ng in

MP

a

kalt-1

kalt-5

kalt-3

kalt-2

Remarkable deviation: results of kalt-3 are about 15-20% lower than all other results

Assumption: systematic failure in the measurement and/or data processing => re-check !

28° SENAFOR – 12a International Forging Conference - Importance of yield stress – strain curves…

Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 9.-10. October 2008

Page 39: Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the properties of … · 2016. 2. 10. · 10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the

10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR © CPM Gesellschaft für Computeranwendung, Prozess-und Materialtechnik mbH

Results of the re-check:failure in the calibration of a sensor

Result: elevated level of stress at all temperatures

16MnCrS5, 20°C-200°C, 1.0/sec

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 1,1 1,2

Umformgrad

Flie

ßsp

annu

ng in

MP

a

kalt-3 20°C

kalt-3 20°C (korr.)

kalt-3 100°C

kalt-3 100°C (korr.)

kalt-3 200°C

kalt-3 200°C (korr.)

28° SENAFOR – 12a International Forging Conference - Importance of yield stress – strain curves…

Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 9.-10. October 2008

Page 40: Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the properties of … · 2016. 2. 10. · 10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the

10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR © CPM Gesellschaft für Computeranwendung, Prozess-und Materialtechnik mbH

20°C 100°C 200°C

0.1 1 10 0.1 1 10 0.1 1 10

MPIE

IAM

LFT

IMFT

IFUM

IFU

28° SENAFOR – 12a International Forging Conference - Importance of yield stress – strain curves…

Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 9.-10. October 2008

Available results for the yield stress- strain curves (cold), phase 2

Page 41: Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the properties of … · 2016. 2. 10. · 10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the

10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR

16MnCrS5, 20°C, 0.1/sec

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,2

Umformgrad

Flie

ßsp

annu

ng in

MP

a

kalt-1

kalt-5

kalt-2

kalt-4

© CPM Gesellschaft für Computeranwendung, Prozess-und Materialtechnik mbH

16MnCrS5, 20°C, 10.0/sec

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 1,1 1,2

Umformgrad

Fle

ißsp

anni

ng in

MP

a

kalt-4

kalt-2

kalt-3 (korr.)

here: T = 20°C

16MnCrS5, 20°C, 1.0/sec

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 1,1 1,2

Umformgrad

Flie

ßsp

annu

ng in

MP

a kalt-5

kalt-2

kalt-3 (korr.)

kalt-4

28° SENAFOR – 12a International Forging Conference - Importance of yield stress – strain curves…

Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 9.-10. October 2008

Available results for the yield stress- strain curves (cold), phase 2

Page 42: Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the properties of … · 2016. 2. 10. · 10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the

10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR

16MnCrS5, 100°C, 0.1/sec

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 1,1 1,2

Umformgrad

Flie

ßsp

annu

ng in

MP

a

kalt-5

16MnCrS5, 100°C, 1.0/sec

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 1,1 1,2

Umformgrad

Flie

ßsp

annu

ng in

MP

a

kalt-5

kalt-2

kalt-3 (korr.)

© CPM Gesellschaft für Computeranwendung, Prozess-und Materialtechnik mbH

16MnCrS5, 100°C, 10.0/sec

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 1,1 1,2

Umformgrad

Flie

ßsp

annu

ng in

MP

a

kalt-5

kalt-2

kalt-3 (korr.)

here: T = 100°C

28° SENAFOR – 12a International Forging Conference - Importance of yield stress – strain curves…

Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 9.-10. October 2008

Available results for the yield stress- strain curves (cold), phase 2

Page 43: Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the properties of … · 2016. 2. 10. · 10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the

10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR

16MnCrS5, 200°C, 0.1/sec

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 1,1 1,2

Umformgrad

Flie

ßsp

annu

ng in

MP

a

kalt-5

16MnCrS5, 200°C, 1.0/sec

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 1,1 1,2

Umformgrad

Flie

ßsp

annu

ng in

MP

a

kalt-5

kalt-3 (korr.)

© CPM Gesellschaft für Computeranwendung, Prozess-und Materialtechnik mbH

Available results for the yield stress- strain curves (cold), phase 2

16MnCrS5, 200°C, 10.0/sec

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 1,1 1,2

Umformgrad

Flie

ßsp

annu

ng in

MP

a

kalt-5

kalt-3 (korr.)

here: T = 200°C

28° SENAFOR – 12a International Forging Conference - Importance of yield stress – strain curves…

Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 9.-10. October 2008

Page 44: Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the properties of … · 2016. 2. 10. · 10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the

10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR © CPM Gesellschaft für Computeranwendung, Prozess-und Materialtechnik mbH

Points to be investigated about their influence on the measurements:

- specimen dimension / specimen quality- specimen shape- lubrication- extended methods of data correction

⇒standard testwith same specimen geometry, same specimen dimensions andsame lubrication

Specimen shape: CylinderLubrication: TeflonParameter: Temperature: 20°C, Strain rate: 1.0/sec

=> Further investigationsrelated to specimen shape and correction methods (performed by kalt-5)

28° SENAFOR – 12a International Forging Conference - Importance of yield stress – strain curves…

Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 9.-10. October 2008

Page 45: Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the properties of … · 2016. 2. 10. · 10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the

10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR © CPM Gesellschaft für Computeranwendung, Prozess-und Materialtechnik mbH

Temperature 20°C

Strain rate 1 1/s

MPIE

IAM

LFT

IMFT

IFUM

IFU

Available results for the reference test (cold)

28° SENAFOR – 12a International Forging Conference - Importance of yield stress – strain curves…

Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 9.-10. October 2008

Page 46: Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the properties of … · 2016. 2. 10. · 10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the

10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR © CPM Gesellschaft für Computeranwendung, Prozess-und Materialtechnik mbH

16MnCrS5, Zylinderstauchprobe m. Teflonfolie, 20° C, 1.0/sec

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1100

0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 1,1 1,2

Umformgrad

Flie

ßsp

annu

ng in

MP

a

kalt-5

kalt-3

kalt-4

(kalt-1)

kalt-2

Available results for the reference test (cold)Rem.: for some technical reason kalt-1 could not provide a

precise data processing

Remarkable: too low results of kalt-2, Assumption: Failure in the measurement or in the data processing => to be checked !

28° SENAFOR – 12a International Forging Conference - Importance of yield stress – strain curves…

Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 9.-10. October 2008

Page 47: Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the properties of … · 2016. 2. 10. · 10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the

10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR © CPM Gesellschaft für Computeranwendung, Prozess-und Materialtechnik mbH

16MnCrS5, Zylinderstauchprobe m. Teflonfolie, 20° C, 1.0/sec

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1100

0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 1,1 1,2

Umformgrad

Flie

ßsp

annu

ng in

MP

a

kalt-5

kalt-3

kalt-4

(kalt-1)

kalt-2 (korr.)

Available results for the reference test (cold) aftercorrection of kalt-2

Result of the check:failure in the data processing software, specimen dimension was not considered correctly.

28° SENAFOR – 12a International Forging Conference - Importance of yield stress – strain curves…

Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 9.-10. October 2008

Page 48: Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the properties of … · 2016. 2. 10. · 10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the

10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR © CPM Gesellschaft für Computeranwendung, Prozess-und Materialtechnik mbH

hier: Zylinderstauchprobe

16MnCrS5, Zylinderstauchprobe m. Teflonfolie, 20° C, 1.0/sec

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1100

0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 1,1 1,2

Umformgrad

Flie

ßsp

annu

ng in

MP

a

kalt-5 (ohne Korrektur)

kalt-5 (mit Reibwert-korrektur)

kalt-5 (mit Reibwert- und Temperatur-korrektur)

28° SENAFOR – 12a International Forging Conference - Importance of yield stress – strain curves…

Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 9.-10. October 2008

Results related to the correction of temperature and friction (kalt-5)

Page 49: Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the properties of … · 2016. 2. 10. · 10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the

10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR © CPM Gesellschaft für Computeranwendung, Prozess-und Materialtechnik mbH

Results related to the correction of temperature and friction (kalt-5)

here: conical specimen

16MnCrS5, Kegelstauchprobe, 20°C, 1,0/sec

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1100

0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 1,1 1,2

Umformgrad

Flie

ßsp

annu

ng in

MP

a

kalt-5 (ohne Korrektur)

kalt-5 (mit Reibwert-korrektur)

kalt-5 (mit Reibwert- und Temperatur-korrektur)

28° SENAFOR – 12a International Forging Conference - Importance of yield stress – strain curves…

Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 9.-10. October 2008

Page 50: Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the properties of … · 2016. 2. 10. · 10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the

10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR © CPM Gesellschaft für Computeranwendung, Prozess-und Materialtechnik mbH

800°C 950°C 1100°C

0.1 1 10 0.1 1 10 0.1 1 10

MPIE

IAM

LFT

IMFT

IFUM

IEHK

28° SENAFOR – 12a International Forging Conference - Importance of yield stress – strain curves…

Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 9.-10. October 2008

Available results for the yield stress – strain curves (warm)

Page 51: Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the properties of … · 2016. 2. 10. · 10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the

10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR

38MnSiVS5, 800°C, 0,1/sec

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

225

250

275

300

325

350

0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 1,1

Umformgrad

Flie

ßsp

annu

ng in

MP

a

warm-1

warm-5

warm-3

warm-2

38MnSiVS5, 800°C, 1,0/sec

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

225

250

275

300

325

350

0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 1,1

Umformgrad

Flie

ßsp

annu

ng in

MP

a

warm-1

warm-5

warm-3

warm-2

© CPM Gesellschaft für Computeranwendung, Prozess-und Materialtechnik mbH

38MnSiVS5, 800°C, 10,0/sec

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

225

250

275

300

325

350

0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 1,1

Umformgrad

Flie

ßsp

annu

ng in

MP

a

warm-5

warm-3

warm-2

here: T = 800°C

28° SENAFOR – 12a International Forging Conference - Importance of yield stress – strain curves…

Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 9.-10. October 2008

Available results for the yield stress – strain curves (warm)

Page 52: Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the properties of … · 2016. 2. 10. · 10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the

10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR

38MnSiVS5, 950°C, 0,1/sec

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

225

0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 1,1

Umformgrad

Flie

ßsp

annu

ng in

MP

a

warm-1

warm-5

warm-3

warm-2

38MnSiVS5, 950°C, 1,0/sec

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

225

0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 1,1

Umformgrad

Flie

ßsp

annu

ng in

MP

a

warm-1

warm-5

warm-3

warm-2

© CPM Gesellschaft für Computeranwendung, Prozess-und Materialtechnik mbH

38MnSiVS5, 950°C, 10,0/sec

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

225

0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 1,1

Umformgrad

Flie

ßsp

annu

ng in

MP

a

warm-5

warm-3

warm-2

here: T = 950°C

28° SENAFOR – 12a International Forging Conference - Importance of yield stress – strain curves…

Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 9.-10. October 2008

Available results for the yield stress – strain curves (warm)

Page 53: Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the properties of … · 2016. 2. 10. · 10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the

10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR

38MnSiVS5, 1100°C, 0,1/sec

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 1,1

Umformgrad

Flie

ßsp

annu

ng in

MP

a

warm-5

warm-3

warm-2

38MnSiVS5, 1100°C, 1,0/sec

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 1,1

Umformgrad

Flie

ßsp

annu

ng in

MP

a

warm-5

warm-3

warm-2

© CPM Gesellschaft für Computeranwendung, Prozess-und Materialtechnik mbH

38MnSiVS5, 1100°C, 10,0/sec

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 1,1

Umformgrad

Flie

ßsp

annu

ng in

MP

a

warm-5

warm-3

warm-2

Available results for the yield stress – strain curves (warm)

here: T = 1100°C

28° SENAFOR – 12a International Forging Conference - Importance of yield stress – strain curves…

Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 9.-10. October 2008

Page 54: Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the properties of … · 2016. 2. 10. · 10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the

10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR © CPM Gesellschaft für Computeranwendung, Prozess-und Materialtechnik mbH

Points to be investigated about their influence on the measurements:

- specimen dimensions- specimen shape- lubrication- determination of the yield point- heating procedure

⇒standard testwith same specimen geometry, same specimen dimensions andsame lubrication

specimen form: cylinderlubrication: Lubrodal BN Parameter: temperature: 850°C, strain rate: 1.0/sec

28° SENAFOR – 12a International Forging Conference - Importance of yield stress – strain curves…

Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 9.-10. October 2008

Page 55: Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the properties of … · 2016. 2. 10. · 10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the

10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR © CPM Gesellschaft für Computeranwendung, Prozess-und Materialtechnik mbH

Temperature 850°C

Strain rate 1 1/s

IAM

LFT

IMFT

IFUM

IEHK

Results of the reference test (hot)

28° SENAFOR – 12a International Forging Conference - Importance of yield stress – strain curves…

Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 9.-10. October 2008

Page 56: Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the properties of … · 2016. 2. 10. · 10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the

10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR © CPM Gesellschaft für Computeranwendung, Prozess-und Materialtechnik mbH

Reference test (original)

38MnVS6, 850°C, 1,0/sec

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

225

250

275

0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 1,1

Umformgrad

Flie

sssp

annu

nf in

MP

a

warm-4

warm-3

warm-2

warm-1

remarkable: too low results of warm-2 and warm-4, questionable results of warm-1 => to be checked again !

28° SENAFOR – 12a International Forging Conference - Importance of yield stress – strain curves…

Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 9.-10. October 2008

Page 57: Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the properties of … · 2016. 2. 10. · 10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the

10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR © CPM Gesellschaft für Computeranwendung, Prozess-und Materialtechnik mbH

Reference test after corrections ofwarm-2 and warm-4

38MnVS6, 850°C, 1,0/sec

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

225

250

275

0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 1,1

Umformgrad

Flie

sssp

annu

nf in

MP

a warm-3

warm-1

warm-4 (korr.)

warm-2 (korr.)

Results of the check:incorrect data processing (warm-2), wrong strain rate (warm-4), insufficient and inhomogeneous heating (warm-1).

28° SENAFOR – 12a International Forging Conference - Importance of yield stress – strain curves…

Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 9.-10. October 2008

Page 58: Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the properties of … · 2016. 2. 10. · 10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR Importance of the yield stress –strain curves for the

10. October 2008 28 th SENAFOR © CPM Gesellschaft für Computeranwendung, Prozess-und Materialtechnik mbH

Result of the project „Richtlinie zur Fließkurvenaufnahme“

by CPM together with the participating institutions

The guideline formulates requirements like:

- form of specimen- least number of specimens to be tested- tooling- lubrication- setup of the testing machines- measurement techniques- data processing- documentation

28° SENAFOR – 12a International Forging Conference - Importance of yield stress – strain curves…

Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 9.-10. October 2008